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Kordnejad, Behzad. "Intermodal Transport Cost Model and Intermodal Distribution in Urban Freight." KTH, Trafik och logistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122694.
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This study aims to model a regional rail based intermodal transport system and to examine the feasibility of it through a case study for a shipper of daily consumables distributing in an urban area and to evaluate it regarding cost and emissions. The idea of an intermodal line train is that of making intermediate stops along the route thus enabling the coverage of a larger market area than conventional intermodal services, hence reducing the high cost associated with feeder transports, the congestion on the road network and generated externalities. The results of the case study indicate that the most critical parameters for the feasibility of such a system are the loading space utilization of the train and the cost for terminal handling.QC 20130531
Regional kombitransportsystem i Mälardalen
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Alvarez, Andrade Jesus Alonso. "Estación Intermodal Atocongo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655732.
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El proyecto nace de la problemática del transporte público y la falta de integración en los sistemas de transporte además, la implementación de la nueva era de trenes masivos en la ciudad. Los nuevos trazos en la malla urbana de la ciudad permitirán el desarrollo de zonas que, hasta el momento, estuvieron aisladas por la falta de planificación urbana, lo que supondrá un nuevo proceso socio-económico.
El trabajo de investigación se enfoca en el planteamiento de la Estación Intermodal Atocongo, ubicada en San Juan de Miraflores con el énfasis de hito urbano. Este lugar presenta una importancia en el ámbito territorial de la ciudad en donde se estará emplazando la línea 3 del Metro de Lima, Tren de Cercanías, Corredor Complementario y el Metropolitano constituyendo la nueva centralidad del sur. La estación se integrara al sistema de movilidad propuesto en los últimos planes urbanos para Lima Metropolitana. Se propone una edificación multifuncional donde no solo se plantea la función del transporte también usos complementarios de reunión, entretenimiento, sociales con el fin de contribuir con su óptimo diseño.The project arises from the problems of public transport and the lack of integration in transport systems, in addition to the implementation of the new era of mass trains in the city. The new lines in the urban mesh of the city will allow the development of areas that, until now, were isolated due to the lack of urban planning, which will mean a new socio-economic process. The research work focuses on the approach of the Atocongo Intermodal Station, located in San Juan de Miraflores with the emphasis of urban landmark. This place is important in the territorial scope of the city where line 3 of the Lima Metro, Cercanias Train, Complementary Corridor and the Metropolitan will be located, constituting the new centrality of the south. The station will be integrated into the mobility system proposed in the latest urban plans for Metropolitan Lima. A multifunctional building is proposed where not only the function of transport is considered, but also complementary uses of meeting, entertainment, social in order to contribute to its optimal design.
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Borglund, Terese, and Mortensen Kristoffer Lynge. "Intermodala transporter : Undersökning av alternativ lösning för intermodala transporter." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44828.
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Godstransporter på väg förväntas öka avsevärt i framtiden om inga åtgärder vidtas. Politiska beslutfattare är medvetna om att situationen inte är hållbar och föreslår en bättre användning av alternativa transporter, vilket innefattar järnvägstransporter i en intermodal transport. Genom ett intermodalt system går det att uppnå kostnadsbesparingar och ett högre nyttjande av järnvägstransporter eftersom intermodala transporter möjliggör kombinationen av de specifika fördelar som varje transportslag har. Denna studie undersöker befintliga problem med implementeringen av intermodala transporter och vad det finns för alternativa lösningar som potentiellt kan främja intermodala transporter. Studien tar utgångspunkt i tidigare forskning om intermodala transporter och empirisk insamlat material från intervjupersoner inom branschen samt relevant data från rapporter. Det framkommer problem vid omlastningen och vid framkomligheten på järnvägen vilket har en negativ påverkan på kostnaden, tillförlitligheten samt snabbheten av transporten. Det framkommer även att flera transportrelationer och en högre frekvens av tjänster är en förutsättning för att intermodala transporter ska kunna producera kortare transporttider. Utmaningen med flera transportförhållanden i Sverige har varit att nyttjandegraden vid terminaler har varit låg eftersom det inte finns ett tillräckligt högt flöde mellan dessa relationer för att skapa en lönsamhet. Tågoperatörer anser att en högre hastighet och en högre lastvikt skulle innebära en ökad konkurrenskraft på marknaden. En högre hastighet och en högre lastvikt skulle även innebära en högre framkomlighet och en större mängd gods per transport. Omlastningen skulle dock fortfarande påverka tillförlitligheten och flexibiliteten negativt. Studien har undersökt Flexiwaggon som en alternativ intermodal transportlösning som potentiellt kan främja intermodala transporter. Flexiwaggon är likt den alternativa transportlösningen RoLa vars vision är att flytta vägtransporter till järnvägen. Gemensamt för båda lösningar är att främja användandet av intermodala transporter. Flexiwaggon visar potential vid omlastningen på grund av flexibiliteten genom den automatiserade omlastningstekniken. Detta betyder potentiellt besparande på terminal, personal och tillhörande omlastning utrustning. Det som talar emot Flexiwaggon är investeringskostnaden av vagnlösningen. Tågoperatörer investerar ofta i hela tågsätt och skulle behöva byta ut sitt befintliga tågsätt vilket minskar tågoperatörernas incitament för en alternativ intermodal transportlösning som Flexiwaggon eftersom kostnaden blir hög.Road freight transport is expected to increase significantly in the future if no action is taken. Policymakers are aware that the situation is not sustainable and propose better use of alternative transport, which includes rail transport in intermodal transport. An intermodal system makes it possible to achieve cost savings and higher use of rail transport, as intermodal transport enables the combination of the specific advantages of each mode of transport. This study examines existing problems with the implementation of intermodal transport and what alternative solutions exist that could potentially promote intermodal transport. The study is based on previous research on intermodal transport and empirical collected material from interviewees in the industry as well as relevant data from reports. Problems emerge during transhipment and accessibility on the railway, which has a negative impact on the cost, reliability and speed of transport. It also emerges that several transport relationships and a higher frequency of services are a prerequisite for intermodal transport to produce shorter transport times. The challenge with several transport conditions in Sweden has been that the utilization rate at terminals has been low because there is not a sufficiently high flow between these relationships to create profitability. Train operators believe that a higher speed and a higher load weight would mean increased competitiveness in the market. A higher speed and a higher load weight would also mean greater accessibility and a greater amount of goods per transport. However, the transshipment would still have a negative impact on reliability and flexibility. The study has investigated Flexiwaggon as an alternative intermodal transport solution that could potentially promote intermodal transport. Flexiwaggon is similar to the alternative transport solution RoLa whose vision is to move road transport to the railway. Common to both solutions is to promote the use of intermodal transport. Flexiwaggon shows potential in transhipment due to the flexibility of automated transhipment technology. This means potential saving on terminal, personnel and associated transhipment equipment. What speaks against Flexiwaggon is the investment cost of the wagon solution. Train operators often invest in entire trainsets and would need to replace their existing trainset, reducing train operators' incentives for an alternative intermodal transport solution such as Flexiwaggon as the cost is high.
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Comer, Bryan. "Sustainable intermodal freight transportation : applying the geospatial intermodal freight transport model /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10887.
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ARBAULT, MARIE-LAURENCE. "Le transport intermodal en droit communautaire." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010311.
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Le transport intermodal s'impose aujourd'hui dans la communaute europeenne. Il permettra de beneficier de maniere rationnelle des specificites de chaque mode, d'optimiser l'utilisation de l'infrastructure et de fournir une prestation de service homogene et competitive. Cependant, malgre les atouts de la complementarite modale, un certain nombre de contraintes structurelles et conjoncturelles entravent son developpement. Les unes sont d'ordre technique et commercial, les autres sont d'ordre juridique, economique et politique. Les ambiguites juridiques n'ont pas retenu jusqu'a present suffisamment l'attention mais elles sont au moins aussi importantes que les entraves techniques, sinon plus. Le droit communautaire relatif au transport intermodal represente un facteur de paralysie. En l'absence d'approche intermodale, le droit communautaire en vigueur constitue une addition de droits modaux, lesquels ne peuvent bien evidemment prendre en compte les aspects specifiques de l'intermodalite. Au cloisonnement modal s'ajoutent les eventuelles contradictions liees a l'application de trois ordres juridiques distincts, international, communautaire et national, qui regissent tel ou tel aspect ou partie du transport. De plus, les objectifs politiques qui sous-tendent la politique intermodale sont souvent contradictoires et donc difficilement en parfaite coherence avec le traite. L'intermodalite est une situation nouvelle pour laquelle un droit reste a inventerIntermodal transportation is today essential within the european community. It will allow to benefit in a rational way from specificities of each transportation mode, to optimise infrastructure use, to provide an homogeneous and competitive service allowances. However, despite of modal complementarity assets, a number of structural and conjonctural constraints impedes its development. Some are related to technical and commercial matters, the others to juridical, economical and political matters. Juridical ambiguities have not enough held attention until now, but they are at least as important as technical interference, if not more important. European community law related to intermodal transportation represents a factor of paralysis. As there is no multimodal approach, european community law in force forms an addition of modal laws that can not take into account specific aspects of intermodality. To modal partitioning, possible contradictions linked to three distinct juridical order enforcement can be added, as international, european community or national laws rule such and such an aspect or a part of transportation. Moreover, political aims that subtend intermodal policy are often inconsistent and therefore with difficulty in perfect coherence with the treaty. Intermodality is a new situation for which a law remains to be invented
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Neres, Rodrigo Morganti. "Estação ferroviária como terminal intermodal: uma aproximação a partir de três escalas de intervenção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16136/tde-28012019-164759/.
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Frente ao caráter fragmentado do espaço urbano das cidades contemporâneas, as infraestruturas de mobilidade e as redes de comunicação atuam como elementos de articulação. Nesse contexto, o transporte de pessoas tem papel fundamental de estruturação do território urbanizado que não se caracteriza apenas por laços de proximidade, sendo as estações ferroviárias nós articuladores das redes de fluxos e parte fundamental desta equação. Este trabalho aborda a inserção de grandes estações ferroviárias localizadas em áreas centrais nos intensos fluxos de escala regional e metropolitana e, ao mesmo tempo, sua consolidação como protagonistas na dinâmica urbana, atuando como geradores de urbanidade e vitalidade nas cidades. Relacionando o papel de centralidade destes equipamentos, sua inserção no território, sua função na rede de transporte e a relação com os espaços públicos do seu entorno, a pesquisa parte da reflexão teórica que enfrenta questões da contemporaneidade para assim analisar as estações através de estudos de caso. Busca, portanto, avaliar as condicionantes atuais que envolvem os grandes terminais intermodais de passageiros que tem o transporte ferroviário como elemento principal.Given the fragmented nature of urban space in contemporary cities, mobility infrastructures and communication networks act as articulation elements. In this context, the transportation of people has a fundamental role in the structuring of the urbanized territory, which is not only characterized by proximity ties. The railway stations are among the articulators elements of flow networks and are a key part of this equation. This work addresses the insertion of large railway stations located in central areas in the intense flows of regional and metropolitan scale and, at the same time, their consolidation as protagonists in the urban dynamics, acting as generators of urbanity and vitality in the cities. Relating the central role of these equipments, their insertion in the territory, their function in the transportation network and the relation with the public spaces of their surroundings, the research starts from a theoretical reflection that faces contemporary issues to analyze the stations through studies of case. It seeks, therefore, to appraise the current requirements that involve the large intermodal passenger terminals that have rail transport as the main element.
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Chen, Ching-Fu. "Intermodal transport competition in Taiwan : empirical and theoretical issues." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322882.
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Höltgen, Daniel Godfrey. "Intermodal logistics centres, European combined transport and regional development." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243005.
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Kordnejad, Behzad. "Evaluation and Modelling of Short Haul Intermodal Transport Systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Transportvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184510.
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Conventional intermodal rail freight transport systems have proved themselves competitive and able to offer cost-leadership on long distances and in endpoint relations between two nodes. Several studies within intermodal transports have made contributions in finding the minimum distance, the “break-even” distance that an intermodal door-to-door shipment can compete with unimodal road. The results for European conditions are found in the range 300-800 km. The main aim of this doctoral thesis has been to analyse under which conditions a short haul transport system with the railway as a base can be considered a feasible solution. This has been conducted within the framework of two research projects. In the main research project of this thesis; REGCOMB (Regional Combined Transport System – A system study in the greater Stockholm-Mälaren region), the feasibility is evaluated in a bi-sectional manner; first a quantitative assessment is carried out where costs and CO2 emission are estimated for a set of transport alternatives in the greater Stockholm region, Sweden. The project involves a case study of a shipper’s distribution of daily consumables in the Stockholm-Mälaren region. The case study evaluates the concept of an intermodal liner train, which differs from other conventional rail freight systems, as it similar to a passenger train makes stops along the route for loading and unloading. The quantitative assessment has been accomplished by the development of a cost model, Intermodal Transport Cost Model (ITCM). The most critical parameters are the train’s loading space utilization and the transshipment. The time and cost spent for transshipment of unit loads restrict the competitiveness of intermodal services on shorter distances as these parameters are not proportional to transported distance but rather to the utilization rate of resources. Hence, the concept of cost-efficient small scale (CESS) terminals is introduced and evaluated in this study. Second, a qualitative assessment of the socio-technical system is carried out regarding stakeholders’ perspectives and requirements; based on the participative research i.e. experts involved in in-depth interviews, workshops and a survey. The system must satisfy broader policy objectives of local authorities and commercial corporate interests in order to be adopted. The business model that represents the conceptual idea of the study is identified as ‘the local cooperation model’, where the intermodal transport service is organized by several local actors along a transport route. Regions where cost-leadership coincides with a strong will from local authorities to implement regulations in the freight transport market that promote intermodal transports have created a foundation for implementing short haul intermodal rail freight services. Two operational examples are presented in this thesis; the E&S system in Japan and the Innovatrain system in Switzerland. In the minor research project of the thesis; BIOSUN (Sustainable Intermodal Supply Systems for Biofuel and Bulk Freight), an evaluation is carried out regarding rail-based multimodal transportation of wood biofuels. In essence, it is the factors affecting rail transportation of biofuel and the inherent capability of the rail mode that are addressed. The qualitative evaluation consists of STEEP analysis for the external factors influencing the transport system and sustainability analysis for the internal factors. These methods are complemented by quantitative analysis of a case study, which offered an opportunity to model a rail-based multimodal transport chain for the supply of a heating plant in Gothenburg, Sweden. The results of the case study show that the break-even distance is considerably lower for biofuel transport chains than for other commodities; 180-250 km, which is mainly due to the requirement of road-road transshipment as well as the fact that intermodal terminals can be combined with wood processing facilities.QC 20160404
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Guerrero, Rosero Esteban. "Improved Selection Support of Transport Services in Intermodal Transportation." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20471.
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In intermodal freight transport context, the selection process of appropriated transport services that fit with user requirements is a big challenge, this master thesis project analyze different alternatives to improve that process based on reputation information of transport providers. Reputation is a social abstract concept which is analyzed in this research establishing a categorization of reputation parameters in the freight transportation context. Using this categorization is proposed two different architectures of reputation systems to manage the sources and processing of this kind of data. This project is based on a framework to develop generic system architecture for intermodal transport management based on previous European efforts.
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Vasudevan, S. "Modelling The Transport Sector In India : A Study On Intermodal Substitution Passenger Transport." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/199.
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Transportation infrastructure has long been recognized as the sine qua non of rapid economic development. As a predominantly agrarian economy with a vast and growing population spread over an extensive mass of land, India presents a veritable case of this truism, sadly by the lack of it. Notwithstanding the vagaries of development in other sectors, the transport sector in India, ironically, has received scant attention over five decades of the planning era, which has lent itself to lop-sided development in favour of the railways. Though deregulation and attendant economic reforms have augmented transport services by air and road in the last decade, the inadequacy of transport infrastructure and the acute paucity of resources to fulfil the provision of the same have been the bane of problems confronting the government. Privatization as a solution to circumvent resource constraints has raised new issues of social and environmental equity, which transcends the immediate concerns of infrastructure development. As is evident, though the solutions to the problems of the transport sector are multifarious, they emphasize the imperative need for rational and integrated transport planning and policy. A cursory look at the problems plaguing this sector also reveals that the issues and concerns cannot be dealt with in its entirety. Against this background, we confine ourselves to the study of the passenger transport sector and attempt to address an interesting and increasingly apparent phenomenon of travel behaviour, namely intermodal choice and modal substitution.
The genesis of this study was an earlier work done by a research team at the Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation (C-MMACS), NAL, where in, a general methodology to describe the growth of the transport sector in India was developed in terms of appropriate mathematical models. Significantly most of the variables describing demand, supply and performance were found to trend exponentially. However, the models failed to reflect the trends in intermodal substitution and its significance in evaluating future transport demand. For example, the development or availability of alternative means like rail or personalized vehicles may influence the demand for bus transport. Similarly demand for air transport may be a function of comparative advantages presented by alternatives like upper class rail travel. This phenomenon is observed to be pronounced on short-haul routes characterizing inter-city travel, where such modes are extremely competitive. We consider a regional network of high-density routes in southern India, as a representation of several such transport networks across the country, to study this phenomenon and its implications for future policy.
The primary objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a set of econometric models that would adequately measure the extent of intermodal substitution in passenger transport on short-haul routes (inter-city travel) and, critically evaluate the factors that affect travel choice in a multimodal environment. Toward this, the study is divided into three parts.
Part one focuses on understanding broad trends in air, rail and road travel, for the routes in consideration. Suitable regressions are estimated to measure the effect of critical transport variables on route-wise travel demand. The coefficients are estimated separately for two categories of travel - First Class and Second Class.
Part two of the study is based on data collected from individual travel surveys on the route network. A simplified questionnaire was used for this purpose. We use the traditional logit framework to estimate choice probabilities based on user perceptions about factors affecting their choices. As in the previous case, we estimate the logits for both classes of travel, viz. First Class and Second Class, under the equal substitutability assumption. We also estimate the logits for the general case for the sake of comparison, though not practicable.
Part three involves a case-study of an alternative high-speed rail link for one of the routes in the network having the highest traffic density, to illustrate its effect on travel choice in a multimodal transport network. We also demonstrate the feasibility of the project using a benefit-cost approach.
From the results, it is observed that substitution is predominantly from air to rail for "first-class" travel, and from rail to road for "second-class" travel. Besides, it is also observed that travel choice is largely influenced by non-price (fare) considerations. The value of travel time is estimated for both categories of travel, using the trade-off method and is found to be significantly different. All regressions show a high and the coefficients are significant at the 5% level. The logit analysis validates the earlier conclusion that non-price (fare) factors influence the demand for different modes. It is found that users attach considerable importance to comfort and convenience, including time of travel, while making travel choices. It is also observed that the logits vary significantly when factors are grouped, and further, between categories of travel In the case of the high-speed link, we estimate that there will be a significant shift in travel demand from air to rail and also from road to rail, given substantial travel time savings. The estimates of passenger revenue and decongestion benefits also provide a strong rationale for the implementation of the project.
Sources of data include published and unpublished records of Indian Airlines, Indian Railways and State Road Transport Undertakings (SRTUs) on air, rail and road travel respectively. Data on population and other macroeconomic variables were obtained from census records and similar statistical publications.
An important feature of this study is its attempt to bridge the macro and micro policy environments. It is one of the first attempts to study the dynamics of travel demand and choice behaviour in a multimodal regional transport network in India. Unlike previous studies, it transcends the realm of urban transport economics and extends its scope to the study of regional transport characteristics, where inter-city passenger travel has undergone significant changes both in environment and behaviour in the last decade. The entire study has been conceptualized in a system dynamics framework to describe its relevance to overall transport planning. It is believed that such an exercise would be a precursor for the development of a full-fledged macroeconomic model of the transport sector in India.
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Teixeira, Karênina Martins. "Investigação de opções de transporte de carga geral em contêineres nas conexões com a região amazônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-27112007-110022/.
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Comércio e indústria, atualmente, respondem por parcela significativa do produto interno bruto (PIB) do Brasil e juntos demandam significativa quantidade de transporte de carga, principalmente do tipo fracionada, fato que, nos últimos anos provocou o crescimento do transporte desse tipo de carga. O elevado crescimento industrial, em 2004 e 2005, nos principais estados da região norte do país, Amazonas e Pará, indicam o aumento potencial da demanda por transporte de carga fracionada entre o norte e o sudeste, que concentra o maior mercado consumidor. As grandes distâncias, entre o norte e o sudeste, fazem o custo de transporte ter grande impacto significativo no preço final das mercadorias. Esse fato levou à procura por opções de transporte de menor custo, para tornar os produtos fabricados na região norte mais competitivos no mercado interno. Atualmente, existe predominância do transporte rodoviário no corredor norte-sudeste, o que desperdiça, por hipótese, o potencial de outros modos de transporte, como cabotagem, transporte fluvial e, futuramente, transporte ferroviário (Ferrovia Norte-Sul e Ferronorte). Isso motivou o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, que tem como objetivo avaliar opções de transporte intermodal, econômica e operacionalmente mais atraentes que as praticadas hoje no transporte de carga geral fracionada (produtos e insumos industrializados) em conexões com a região amazônica. A metodologia empregada no trabalho utilizou: (1) técnica de construção de cenários; (2) modelos de custo de transporte para os modos rodoviário, ferroviário, marítimo e fluvial; e (3) sistema de informação geográfica. Os resultados obtidos nesta tese indicam que opções de rotas rodo-marítimas e rodo-fluviais apresentam significativas reduções no custo total de transporte com relação às rotas preferenciais, hoje, praticadas para as ligações entre Belém-São Paulo e Manaus-São Paulo. Os resultados mostram, também, não haver perspectivas para o transporte rodo-ferroviário e rodo-fluvial-ferroviário nessas ligações, uma vez que, neste caso, o custo obtido é maior que os das rotas hoje praticadas.Nowadays, business and industry are responsible for a significant portion of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in Brazil, and together they require a considerable amount of freight transport, mainly break-bulk cargo which has stimulated the transport growth of this kind of cargo. The enormous industrial growth in the most important states of the northern region of the country in the years 2004 and 2005 indicate the potential increase of break-bulk cargo transport between the north and the southeast, area that concentrates the strongest consumer market in the country. Due to the long distance between the country\'s north and southeastern regions, the cost of transport increases the final cost of the goods. This fact led to the search for lower cost transport options in order to make the products of that region more competitive in the domestic market. Currently there has been predominance of road transport in the north/southeast corridor wasting, hypothetically, the potential of other means of transport such as cabotage, river, and, in the future, railroad transport (Norte-Sul and Ferronorte railways). All of this brought about the development of this research which aims at evaluating the intermodal transport options that are economically and operationally more attractive than the break-bulk cargo transport (industrial input and products) used today in the connections with the amazon region. The methodology involves: (1) scenario building; (2) transport cost models for the road, railroad, and marine means; and (3) geographic information system. The results demonstrate that the route options road-marine and road-river show substantial reduction in the transport total cost when compared to the most popular routes used between Belém-São Paulo and Manaus-São Paulo. The results also reveal that there is no perspective of the use of road-rail and road-river-rail transport in such connections since the cost is higher than in the routes used nowadays.
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Hood, James. "The development of an uninterruptible traceability system for intermodal transport." Thesis, Coventry University, 2016. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/2fbcd90a-dc4e-4d92-beb1-16894066bde1/1.
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The focus of this research is in the area of Remote Condition Monitoring (RCM) for use within intermodal transport and logistics industries. For many years the intermodal transport industry has utilised these RCM systems that have in built flaws due to the subsystems they use.
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Singh, Manoj. "Competition in intermodal rail transport : the case of Indian railways." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496204.
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Forthoffer, Joël. "Le déploiement du transport intermodal dans l'espace multinational Sud-Rhénan." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040156.
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L'espace multinational "sud-rhénan" se trouve a un carrefour important de l'économie européenne. Sur ce territoire, le transport intermodal existe depuis les années 1970. Toutes les techniques connues en Europe sont utilisées: le conteneur, le rail-route, la route roulante, l'autoroute fluviale. Mais, malgré sa forte implantation, surtout pour le transit alpin, le transport intermodal offre encore un potentiel inexploité en matière de transport fluvial et ferroviaire. Ses perspectives de développement sont liées soit a la nature des marches pour lesquels ces techniques sont utilisées, soit au caractère innovant de ces techniques. Dans une approche par marche, ce sont les opérateurs seuls décideurs, qui ont trouvé des solutions adaptées à la nature des marchandises transportées, économiquement réalisables. Les innovations techniques: système multi-berces, bimodal, triage du futur ou autoroute ferroviaire, se classent suivant leur réalisation à court ou long terme et répondent a des attentes différentes. Toutes ces composantes conditionnent l'aménagement du territoire et impliquent que les pouvoirs publics affirment leur volonté de transfert modal ce qui contribue au développement du transport combinéThe multimodal space of "southern rhine" is situated in an important crossroads of the European economy. On this area, the international transport has existed since the seventies. All the known techniques in Europe are used: container, road-rail, rolling road inland, water motorway. But, is spite of its strong establishment, above all the alpine transit, the intermodal transport offers an undeveloped potential, as regards inland waterway and rail transports. Its prospects of development are linked either to the nature of markets for which these techniques are used or to the new nature of these techniques. In an approach by market, the operators are the only decision-makers who have found suited solutions to the nature of goods transported, economically feasible. The technical innovations: multi-cradles system, bimodal, future marshalling yard or rail motorway are classified following their short-term or long-term realisation and correspond to differents expectations. All those elements condition the regional development and implies that the public powers maintain the willingness of modal transfer and by this, politics contribute to the development of the combined transport
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Rodrigues, Sérgio Bezerra de Menezes. "Avaliação das alternativas de transporte de etanol para exportação na região Centro-Sul." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-07042008-114034/.
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O etanol, produto proveniente da indústria sucroalcooleira, um dos setores mais importantes da economia brasileira, atrai a atenção dos países desenvolvidos. O aumento de sua demanda em todo o mundo, motivado por razões econômicas e ambientais, impulsiona sua exportação. O volume exportado passou de 750 milhões de litros em 2003 para 3,5 bilhões de litros em 2006 e os produtores estimam que em cinco anos este volume alcance 6,5 bilhões de litros. Diante da perspectiva de acréscimo nas exportações, e do fato de quase 90% da produção brasileira concentra-se no Centro-Sul, esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar as alternativas de transporte de etanol para exportação no médio prazo, baseado no plano de investimentos proposto pelo projeto do corredor de exportação de etanol da Transpetro, um dos investimentos propostos para melhorar a eficiência logística do transporte de etanol. Tais investimentos pretendem atender a demanda instalada pelo mercado internacional de forma satisfatória, garantindo o suprimento do combustível e prevenindo o surgimento de gargalos logísticos motivados por falta de infra-estrutura suficiente para o escoamento da produção. Foram avaliadas três alternativas de transporte que representam a movimentação de etanol das unidades produtoras aos portos: alternativa rodoviária, alternativa rodo-dutoviária, e alternativa rodo-hidro-dutoviária. Definidas as alternativas, foram identificadas as trinta principais zonas produtoras de etanol e analisadas as alternativas específicas para cada uma. Assim, foi possível identificar as principais vantagens competitivas das alternativas de transporte por região produtora e verificar os ganhos derivados do transporte por dutos e pela hidrovia no escoamento da produção de etanol até os principais portos.Ethanol, a product originated from the sugarcane and ethanol industry, one of the most important sectors in the brazilian economy is attracting the interest of the developed countries. The exportation of ethanol is stimulated by the increasing worldwide demand driven by economic and environmental reasons. The exported volume increased from more than 750 million liters in 2003 to 3.5 billion liters in 2006 and, in the next five years, the brazilian producers expect that this volume will reach 6.5 billion liters. Because of this expectation in increasing exportations of ethanol, and being aware that the center-south region of Brazil produces almost 90% of the brazilian ethanol, the objective of this dissertation is to analyze the alternatives of transportation of ethanol for exportation in the medium term. This study is based in the Transpetro´s corridor of ethanol exportation investment plan, which is one of the proposed investments to increase the logistic efficiency of the transportation of ethanol. These investments intend to satisfactorily fulfill the demand of the international market, guaranteeing the supply of ethanol and preventing the appearance of logistic gaps due to lacks of infra-structure for transporting the product. Three alternatives of transportation were evaluated, representing the transportation of ethanol from the manufacturing units to the ports: roadway alternative, road-pipeline alternative and road-waterway-pipeline alternative. After the definition of these alternatives, the thirty major manufacturing zones of ethanol were defined and each zone had these alternatives analyzed. As a result, the major competitive advantages of the transportation alternatives by zone were identified. Also, the potential gains of transporting ethanol to the major seaports by pipelines and waterways were evaluated.
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Birkholz, Tim. "Intermodal connections between cycling and public transport : A Stockholm case study." Thesis, KTH, Urban and Regional Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-24855.
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Zhong, Chen. "The potential for moving containers by intermodal transport in the UK." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443035.
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Baron, Benjamin. "Transport intermodal de données massives pour le délestage des réseaux d'infrastructure." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066454/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous exploitons la mobilité des véhicules pour créer un médium de communication ad hoc utile pour déployer des services connectés. Notre objectif est de tirer partie des trajets quotidiens effectués en voiture ou en transport en commun pour surmonter les limitations des réseaux de données tels que l’Internet. Dans une première partie, nous profitons de la bande passante que génèrent les déplacements de véhicules équipés de capacités de stockage pour délester en masse l’Internet d’une partie de son trafic. Les données sont détournées vers des équipements de stockage appelés points de délestage installés aux abords de zones où les véhicules s’arrêtent habituellement, permettant ainsi de relayer les données entre véhicules jusqu'au point de délestage suivant où elles pourront éventuellement être déchargées. Nous proposons ensuite deux extensions étendant le concept de point de délestage selon deux directions dans le contexte de services reposant toujours la mobilité des véhicules. Dans la première extension, nous exploitons les capacités de stockage des points de délestage pour concevoir un service de stockage et partage de fichiers offert aux passagers de véhicules. Dans la seconde extension, nous dématérialisons les points de délestage en zones géographiques pré-définies où un grand nombre de véhicules se rencontrent suffisamment longtemps pour transférer de grandes quantités de données. L’évaluation des performances des différents travaux menés au cours de cette thèse montrent que la mobilité inhérente aux entités du quotidien permet la fourniture de services innovants avec une dépendance limitée vis-à-vis des réseaux de données traditionnelsIn this thesis, we exploit the daily mobility of vehicles to create an alternative transmission medium. Our objective is to draw on the many vehicular trips taken by cars or public transports to overcome the limitations of conventional data networks such as the Internet. In the first part, we take advantage of the bandwidth resulting from the mobility of vehicles equipped with storage capabilities to offload large amounts of delay-tolerant traffic from the Internet. Data is transloaded to data storage devices we refer to as offloading spots, located where vehicles stop often and long enough to transfer large amounts of data. Those devices act as data relays, i.e., they store data it is until loaded on and carried by a vehicle to the next offloading spot where it can be dropped off for later pick-up and delivery by another vehicle. We further extend the concept of offloading spots according to two directions in the context of vehicular cloud services. In the first extension, we exploit the storage capabilities of the offloading spots to design a cloud-like storage and sharing system for vehicle passengers. In the second extension, we dematerialize the offloading spots into pre-defined areas with high densities of vehicles that meet long enough to transfer large amounts of data. The performance evaluation of the various works conducted in this thesis shows that everyday mobility of entities surrounding us enables innovative services with limited reliance on conventional data networks
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Teye, Collins. "The Siting Of Multi-User Inland Intermodal Container Terminals In Transport Networks." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17352.
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Almost without exception, cargo movements by sea have their origins and destinations in the hinterlands and efficient land transport systems are required to support the transport of these cargo to and from the port. Furthermore, not all goods produced are exported or all goods consumed are imported. Those produced and consumed domestically also require efficient transport to move them from their production areas to areas of consumption. The use of trucks for these transport tasks and their disproportionate contribution to urban congestion and harmful emissions has led governments, transport and port authorities and other policy-makers to seek for more efficient and sustainable means of transport. A promising solution to these problems lies in the implementation of intermodal container terminals (IMTs) that interface with both road and rail or possibly inland waterway networks to promote the use of intermodal transport. This raises two important linked questions; where should IMTs be located and what will be their likely usage by individual shippers, each having a choice of whether or not to use the intermodal option. The multi-shipper feature of the problem and the existence of competing alternative modes means the demand for IMTs are outcome of many individual mode choice decisions and the prevailing cargo production and distribution patterns in the study area. This thesis introduces a novel framework underpinned by the principle of entropy maximisation to link mode choice decisions and variable cargo production and distribution problems with facility location problems. The overall model allows both decisions on facility location and usage to be driven by shipper preferences, following from the random utility interpretation of the discrete choice model. Several important properties of the proposed model are presented as propositions including the demonstration of the link between entropy maximisation and welfare maximisation. Exact and heuristic algorithms have been also developed to solve the overall problem. The computational efficiency, solution quality and properties of the heuristic algorithm are presented along with extensive numerical examples. Finally, the implementation of the model, illustration of key model features and use in practice are demonstrated through a case study.
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Brander, J. R. G. "The future of intermodal freight transport within the province of New Brunswick." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ65477.pdf.
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Duvalon, Clark Juan Raul. "Construction and demolition waste transport in Stockholm : A geospatial and comparative analysis between road- and intermodal transport." Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, ekonomi och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214724.
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Lopez-Ponton, Erika. "Réglementation et choix organisationnel : le cas du transport maritime et intermodal en Europe et aux Etats-Unis." Paris 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165177.
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Pour augmenter la part du transport ferroviare de marchandises, la commission européenne a libéralisé le secteur ferroviaire et investi dans le transport intermodal. Cependant, la part du fer a reculé de 21 à 7% entre 1970 et 2002. Cette thèse a apporté de nouveaux éléments pour développer l'intermodalité en Europe. Pour cela, une étude de cas est fondée sur 29 entretiens et les contrats des échanges maritimes horizontaux du trafic transatlantique. Deux propositions sont soutenues, premièrement, la faible part du transport intermodal en Europe s'explique par l'inefficacité du choix de la gouvernance pour encadrer les échanges entre opérateurs intermodaux et armateurs. Cette proposition se fonde sur l'avancée de la théorie des coûts de transaction selon laquelle la gouvernance doit s'aligner sur les caractéristiques des transactions dans un souci d'efficacité, donc de minimisation des coûts de production et de transaction (Williamson 1985). Deuxièmement, l'environnement réglementaire est une contrainte pour le développement du transport intermodal offert par les armateurs. Cette proposition se repose sur les apports de North (1990) et de Williamson (1993) selon lesquels les règles du jeu ont une influence sur le choix organisationnel des agents. Les résultats de cette thèse identifient la coopération verticale et horizontale comme la gouvernance permettant de maîtriser les problèmes techniques du transport intermodal et de protéger les investissements nécessaires au développement de ce service en Europe. Le cas américain est illustrateur dans la mesure où le déclin du ferroviaire des années 80 a été surmonté grâce aux changements réglementaires et organisationnels.
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Kordnejad, Behzad. "Regional Intermodal Transport Systems : Analysis and Case Study in the Stockholm-Mälaren Region." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Trafik och logistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122698.
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The global trend of urbanization is evident and also valid in Sweden and for the Stockholm-Mälaren region, also referred to as the Mälaren valley, a region consisting of metropolitan Stockholm and areas around the lake of Mälaren. In this context, efficient urban freight transportation has emerged as essential for sustainable development of urban areas. Geographic regions are being expanded due to the fact that rapid transport options have expanded the range of action of people and businesses. Metropolitan regions require freight transports that are often categorized by an inflow of consumables and an outflow of waste and recyclable material. Within urban areas there are ports, terminals and storage facilities that require incoming and outgoing transport. Altogether, these shipments have led to increased congestion on the road network within urban areas, which is a contributing factor to why a shift to intermodal land transports have been advocated both in Europe and in Sweden, thus encouraging more freight to be moved from road to rail. Another contributing factor is the relatively low impact on the environment generated by rail transportation. Efficient use of resources and low emissions of greenhouse gases are factors that are in favor of the train as a transport mode. Furthermore, conventional rail freight is commonly competitive on long distances and in end-point relations between two nodes. However, an intermodal liner train, as a transport system for freight differs from conventional rail freight transport systems, as it similar to a passenger train makes stops along the route for loading and unloading. Due to the stops made at intermediate stations it enables the coverage of a larger market area. For regional or inter-regional relations, the concept has the potential of reducing drayage by truck to and from intermodal terminals and to make rail freight competitive also over medium and short distances. The main aim of this thesis project has been to analyze under which conditions a combined transport system with the railway as a base can be implemented in the Stockholm-Mälaren region. Based on a case study for a shipper distributing daily consumables in the region, the feasibility of creating a regional rail freight transport system has been evaluated. This study provides a methodology for evaluating the feasibility, regarding costs and emissions, of concepts and technologies within freight transportation chains. This has been accomplished by the development of a cost modal, Intermodal Transport Cost Model (ITCM). From the results of the case study one can conclude that a regional rail based intermodal transport system regarding costs is on the threshold of feasibility in the studied region. As for emissions, all evaluated intermodal transport chains contribute to a significant decrease in CO2 emissions compared to unimodal road haulage. The loading space utilization of the train and the transshipment cost are the most critical parameters. The latter restricting the competitiveness of intermodal services to long distances as it is not proportional to transported distance but rather to the utilization rate of resources. Hence, the concept of cost-efficient small scale (CESS) terminals is introduced in this study. A main prerequisite in order to make the intermodal liner train efficient is a stable and balanced flow of goods with optimized loading space utilization along the route. As the objective is to consolidate small flows, imbalances along the route will constitute an obstacle for the liner train to be competitive. Thus regarding loading space utilization it is necessary to consolidate other freight flows in the train in order to achieve high loading space utilization and a balanced flow along the route. The third parameter which is critical for the results are the fuel prices, where a sensitivity analysis of the results shows that if diesel prices would increase so would the feasibility of the intermodal option. The same is also valid for train length increase as long as the loading space utilization is maintained. The results of the feasibility study indicate that the evaluated transshipment technologies are closing the gap for intermodal transport to unimodal road haulage regarding transport cost over short- and medium distances and that they contribute to a substantial reduction of CO2 emissions. However, it is essential that also the transport quality is ensured, especially regarding reliability and punctuality. Thus a demonstration project is recommended as these aspects require operational testing. This is particularly crucial regarding novel transshipment technologies.QC 20130530
Regional kombitransportsystem i Mälardalen
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Monios, Jason. "A case study analysis of the role of intermodal transport in port regionalisation." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2013. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/6652.
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This thesis presents an analysis of the role of intermodal transport in Notteboom and Rodrigue's (2005) port regionalisation concept, an approach to port development that focuses on the inland aspects of the process, as well as taking port development models from a spatial focus to a focus on institutions. It is argued that the port regionalisation concept is insufficiently disaggregated; it does not identify or classify different processes within the concept, nor does it explain how they operate or who drives them. In this thesis, the port regionalisation concept is broken down into its three constituent parts: inland terminals, market and logistics and the resolution of collective action problems. Each of these is examined in its own chapter, based on a case study methodology. The methodology was chosen for its ability to provide rich detail and build or extend theory, as the overall aim of this thesis is to critique the port regionalisation concept and extend its explanatory power. Part one follows a multiplecase design, analysing numerous European inland terminal developments in order to improve inland terminal classifications that can then contribute to the port regionalisation concept. Parts two and three each utilise a single case design, taking a single case in depth in order to explore in rich detail how these issues play out in industry. Part two studies the role of large retailers as the primary drivers of intermodal transport in the UK, while part three examines the development of an intermodal corridor in the United States, offering the opportunity to study a collective action problem in detail Part one reveals that port actors, both port authorities and port terminal operators, can be directly involved in the development of inland terminals, and that differences can be observed between terminals developed by port actors and those developed by inland actors. A conceptual distinction is proposed to capture this observation. Part two identifies barriers to port regionalisation, such as operational issues, spatial development decisions and a lack of integration between inland market players. Part three demonstrates the difficulties faced by public bodies attempting to direct regionalisation strategies, constrained by legitimacy and agency conflicts and an institutional structure that limits their effectiveness. An added contribution to the literature is the theoretical framework that is developed for the analysis of the institutional factors at play in resolving a collective action problem. While additional cases are required to advance the concept further, the cases in this thesis elucidate reasons why ports may not be controlling or capturing hinterlands through the strategies of integration that the port regionalisation concept suggests. It may be more accurate to state that regionalisation can only occur as long as a set of favourable commercial and institutional conditions are maintained. The findings from the cases presented in this thesis suggest that it is not easy to maintain such conditions, implying that regionalisation may be the exception rather than the norm.
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Wang, Yunfei. "Un système réactif d'aide à la décision pour le transport intermodal de marchandises." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0010/document.
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Le transport fluvial de conteneurs constitue une activité économique importante qui suscite un intérêt grandissant de la part de scientifiques. Considéré comme durable et économique, le transport par barge a été identifié comme étant une alternative compétitive pour le transport de marchandises, en complément des modes traditionnels de transport, routier et ferroviaire. Néanmoins, les travaux de recherche en rapport avec la planification et le management du transport par barge, en particulier dans le contexte du transport intermodal, sont encore peu abondants. Le but de cette thèse est d’apporter une contribution dans ce domaine, par la proposition de modèles et de méthodes de planification et gestion avancées, dans le cadre d’un système d’aide à la décision pour le transport de conteneurs par barge développé pour accompagner les opérateurs de transport. La méthodologie proposée fait appel à des concepts et principes de gestion du revenu, des ressources et des services de transport pour la conception de plans de services réguliers avec horaires, au niveau tactique. Les opérateurs de transport peuvent ainsi offrir des plans de transport avec des services plus flexibles pour leurs clients, tout en assurant un meilleur niveau de fiabilité. Plus de demandes de transport pourront ainsi être satisfaites, avec globalement une plus grande satisfaction des chargeurs. Une originalité importante proposée par notre approche est l’utilisation de principes et techniques de gestion du revenu (segmentation du marché, classes tarifaires...) aussi bien au niveau opérationnel de la modélisation qu’au niveau tactique. Les problèmes d’optimisation sont formalisés sous forme de modèles de programmation linéaire mixte en nombres entiers (PLNE), implémentés et testés sous différentes configurations de réseaux de transport et différents scénarios de demandes, et ce pour chaque niveau de décision. Au niveau tactique, une nouvelle approche de résolution, combinant la recherche adaptative à voisinage large (ALNS) et la recherche taboue, est proposée pour résoudre des problèmes PLNE de grande taille. Une plateforme de simulation, qui intègre les niveaux tactique et opérationnel de prise de décision, est proposée pour la validation du système d’aide à la décision sous différentes configurations : différentes topologies du réseau physique, différents paramètres pour la gestion du revenu, différents degrés de précision caractérisant les prévisions de demande. Pour l’analyse des résultats numériques ainsi obtenus, plusieurs types d’indicateurs de performance sont proposés et utilisésBarge transportation is an important research topic that started to draw increasing scientific attention in the recent decade. Considered as sustainable, environment-friendly and economical, barge transportation has been identified as a competitive alternative for freight transportation, complementing the traditional road and rail modes. However, contributions related to barge transportation, especially in the context of intermodal transportation, are still scarce. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to fill this gap by proposing a reactive decision support system for freight intermodal barge transportation from the perspective of the carriers. The proposed system incorporates resource and revenue management concepts and principles to build the optimal set of scheduled services plans at the tactical level. Carriers may thus benefit from transportation plans offering increased flexibility and reliability. They could thus serve more demands and better satisfy customers. One novelty of the approach is the application of revenue management considerations (e.g., market segmentation and price differentiation) at both operational and tactical planning levels. The optimization problems are mathematically formalized and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models are proposed, implemented and tested against various network settings and demand scenarios, for each decision level. At the tactical level, a new solution approach, combining adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) and Tabu search is designed to solve large scale MILP problems. An integrated simulation framework, including the tactical and the operational levels jointly, is proposed to validate the decision support system in different settings, in terms of physical network topology, revenue management parameters and accuracy degree of demand forecasts. To analyze the numerical results corresponding to the solutions of the optimization problems, several categories of performance indicators are proposed and used
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Demir, Emrah, Martin Hrusovsky, Werner Jammernegg, and Woensel Tom Van. "Green intermodal freight transportation: bi-objective modelling and analysis." Taylor & Francis, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6990/1/00207543.2019.pdf.
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Efficient planning of freight transportation requires a comprehensive look at wide range of factors in the operation and man-
agement of any transportation mode to achieve safe, fast, and environmentally suitable movement of goods. In this regard,
a combination of transportation modes offers flexible and environmentally friendly alternatives to transport high volumes
of goods over long distances. In order to reflect the advantages of each transportation mode, it is the challenge to develop
models and algorithms in Transport Management System software packages. This paper discusses the principles of green
logistics required in designing such models and algorithms which truly represent multiple modes and their characteristics.
Thus, this research provides a unique practical contribution to green logistics literature by advancing our understanding of
the multi-objective planning in intermodal freight transportation. Analysis based on a case study from hinterland intermodal
transportation in Europe is therefore intended to make contributions to the literature about the potential benefits from com
bining economic and environmental criteria in transportation planning. An insight derived from the experiments conducted
shows that there is no need to greatly compromise on transportation costs in order to achieve a significant reduction in
carbon-related emissions.
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Ahlnäs, Simon, and Tobias Börjesson. "Tids- och kostnadseffektivitet vid intermodala transporter." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-13844.
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This study aims to explore effectiveness within intermodal transportation of semi-trailers based on the variables cost and time. Intermodal transport can be explained as a transportation of a carrier, from the origin to the final destination, using two or more modes of transport (Crainic & Kim, 2007 p.467). This study focuses on the two modes of transport rail and road. The rail transportation has big advantages towards other modes of transport since it has less impact on the environment, given that the energy is produced in Sweden (Trafikverket 2017) but there are more benefits to be utilized. The rail transportation is generally more profitable on distances greater than 500 km, thus it can transport high volumes of goods over long distances for a low cost. The fixed costs that´s added in the terminals and the rail transports low degree of flexibility compared to the road transport is the primary reasons why rail transportation isn´t profitable on shorter distances. This study has made a market research to see where the final destinations for the imported semi-trailers are located in Sweden and Norway. This, to see where there are potential to develop and create new rail shuttles from Port of Gothenburg to dry ports across the Swedish and Norwegian inland for transportation of semi-trailers. Interviews have been conducted with carriers to create a more correct view of the current situation. Study results show that the greatest volumes of the transported semi-trailers ends up in the areas around Helsingborg and Stockholm, with the region around Gothenburg excluded. Dry ports positioned in this area show the best potential for development of new rail shuttles. The results from conducted interviews with carriers express that time is the most important aspect for their operation and their clients, that is also the reason why they don´t use the railway for transportation of semi-trailers. Carriers also consider the trains to be unreliable and the railway operation in Port of Gothenburg has so far not been operating well enough for them. The result show that 38 percent of the imported semi-trailers have their final destination in the area around Gothenburg and naturally it´s not possible for the railway to compete with the road transport at such a short distance. In order for the railway to compete with the road transport, rail shuttles to regions with high flows of semi-trailers must be developed to not loose in time and flexibility. Thus, the railway transportation has other opportunities than just transportation. In dry ports there are opportunities for storage of goods, which is generally cheaper than in the port and simultaneously create time gains in the final transportation, thus the goods are closer to the customer. Port of Gothenburg can compete with other ports, which are geographically closer to a certain customer, through more rail shuttles with more frequent departures and then take more market shares within Nordic transportation.Studien syftar till att undersöka transporteffektiviteten för intermodala transporter av semitrailrar med utgångspunkt från variablerna kostnad och tid. Intermodala transporter kan förklaras som en transport av en lastbärare från dess ursprung till dess slutdestination med hjälp av två eller flera olika transportsätt (Crainic & Kim, 2007 s.467) och denna studie fokuserar på de två transportsätten järnväg och väg. Just järnvägstransporten har en stor fördel gentemot andra transportsätt då det är ett mer miljövänligt alternativ, förutsatt att det är eldrivna tåg samt att elen är producerad i Sverige (Trafikverket 2017) men det finns även fler fördelar som kan utnyttjas. Järnvägstransporten är generellt lönsammare på avstånd längre än 500 km, då det kan transportera stora volymer över långa avstånd till en låg kostnad. Varför det inte är lönsamt på kortare sträckor beror framför allt på de fasta avgifter som tillkommer vid terminalerna och järnvägens relativt låga flexibilitet gentemot vägtransporten. Studien har gjort en marknadsundersökning för att se var de importerade semitrailrarna har sin slutdestination inom Sverige och Norge. Det för att se var det finns potential för att utveckla och skapa nya järnvägspendlar från Göteborgs Hamn till torrhamnar för transport av semitrailrar via järnväg. Intervjuer har utförts med speditörer i anslutning till hamnen för att skapa en så bra bild som möjligt av nuläget. Resultatet visar att de största volymerna i flödet av semitrailrar går till Helsingborg och Stockholm med omnejd, med Göteborg exkluderat. Det är de två områdena som visar potential för att eventuellt skapa järnvägspendlar till torrhamnar. Vid intervjuerna som utförts uttrycker speditörerna att tid är den viktigaste aspekten för deras verksamhet och kunder. Det är även anledningen till att de inte använder sig av järnvägstransport för semitrailrar, då tågen är för opålitliga och verksamheten för järnvägstransport kring Göteborgs Hamn inte har fungerat för dem hitintills. Resultatet visar även att drygt 38 procent av de importerade semitrailrarna har sin slutdestination i Göteborgsområdet och där kan naturligtvis inte järnvägstransporten konkurrera med vägtransporten på grund av det korta avståndet. För att järnvägstransporten ska kunna konkurrera med vägtransporten måste det skapas pendlar till de regionerna med större flöden för att inte förlora tid och flexibilitet gentemot vägtransporten. Dock så ger järnvägstransporten andra möjligheter än bara transport av gods. I torrhamnarna finns möjligheter för lagring av gods, som generellt är billigare än lagring i hamnen och ger samtidigt tidsvinster när den slutliga transporten till kund ska utföras, då godset är närmare kunden. Göteborgs Hamn kan konkurrera med andra hamnar som geografisk ligger närmare en viss kund, genom att fler järnvägspendlar med frekventare avgångar kan skapas och på så sätt ta marknadsandelar inom nordisk transport.
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Burgholzer, Wolfgang, Gerhard Bauer, Martin Posset, and Werner Jammernegg. "Analysing the impact of disruptions in intermodal transport networks: A micro simulation-based model." Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2012.05.060.
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Transport networks have to provide carriers with time-efficient alternative routes in case of disruptions. It is, therefore, essential for transport network planners and operators to identify sections within the network which, if broken, have a considerable negative impact on the networks performance. Research on transport network analysis provides lots of different approaches and models in order to identify such critical sections. Most of them, however, are only applicable to mono-modal transport networks and calculate indices which represent the criticality of sections by using aggregated data. The model presented, in contrast, focuses on the analysis of intermodal transport networks by using a traffic micro simulation. Based on available, real-life data, our approach models a transport network as well as its actual traffic participants and their individual decisions in case of a disruption. The resulting transport delay time due to a specific disruption helps to identify critical sections and critical networks, as a whole. Therefore, the results are a valuable decision support for transport network planners and operators in order to make the infrastructure less vulnerable, more attractive for carriers and thus more economically sustainable. In order to show the applicability of the model we analyse the Austrian intermodal transport network and show how critical sections can be evaluated by this approach. (authors' abstract)
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Gonçalves, Gilmerson Inácio. "Perspectivas de integração modal rodo-hidro-ferroviária na exportação de produtos agrícolas e minerais no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-27082008-103948/.
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O Brasil tem como principal base econômica a exportação de commodities agrícolas e minerais. Esses produtos se caracterizam por possuírem grandes volumes de produção e baixo valor agregado. Diante desses fatos, as economias geradas ao longo da cadeia logística têm papel fundamental para o sucesso da comercialização destes produtos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo encontrar as rotas de transportes mais econômicas para o escoamento da soja e minérios de ferro e manganês oriundos do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul com destino à exportação. Para tal foram identificados os pólos de geração destas cargas, assim como os modais de transportes existentes e futuros, terminais de transbordos e portos marítimos para exportação. Os métodos utilizados para esta análise foram a geração de cenários, modelos de custo de transporte para os modos rodoviário, ferroviário e fluvial; e sistema de informação geográfica. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho indicam que opções de rotas com uso do modal hidroviário são as que possuem menores custos, com forte participação da hidrovia Paraguai-Paraná. Sugere-se para futuros trabalhos, a investigação da rede de transporte estudada com o uso de restrições de capacidade e também a inclusão dos custos portuários praticados nos portos marítimos de exportação.Brazil has as the main economic base the exportation of agricultural and mineral commodities. These products are characterized by having a large quantity of production and low price. Given these facts, the saving generated along the supply chain are fundamental role in the marketing success of these products. In that context, this study aimed to find the most economic transport routes to the disposal of soybeans and iron ore and manganese from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul destined to exportation. For that were identified the places that generate as, and the transportation ways that exist up to now and the future ones, the terminals, transshipments and harbor for export. The methods used for this analysis were the generation of scenarios, models of cost of transport to the modes transport to road, rail and river, and geographic information system. The results obtained in this study indicate that options trades with the use of the waterway are those that have lower costs, with strong participation of the waterway Paraguay-Parana. It is suggested to future researches investigation of the transportation system studied the use of restrictions on capability and the inclusion of costs charged at seaports of exportation.
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Bel, i. Queralt Germà. "La demanda de transporte en España: Competencia intermodal sobre el ferrocarril interurbano." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1502.
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La presente tesis doctoral se enmarca en un campo más amplio de investigación: el del análisis de las políticas públicas. Y, más concretamente, el de la evaluación de las políticas de gasto público y su contribución a la eficiencia del sistema económico. Desde esta preocupación por los efectos del gasto público, la investigación empírica tiene su base en la observación de dos hechos, coincidentes en el tiempo, y aparentemente inconexos: 1) El creciente ritmo de entrada en servicio de tramos de autovía en los últimos años, que venía a resolver los emergentes problemas de congestión viaria interurbana; y 2) El crecimiento de las pérdidas de gestión de la compañía ferroviaria RENFE desde 1989. Esta inflexión en la cuenta de resultados de RENFE resultaba paradójica en el contexto de crecimiento de la demanda agregada de transporte causado por la expansión del PIB.Una primera observación desagregada de la evolución de la demanda ferroviaria muestra la existencia de disparidades interterritoriales. La intensidad de la regresión del tráfico ferroviario era mayor en los corredores en que mayor era la transformación de carreteras en autovías. Tal coincidencia sugiere la hipótesis de existencia de alguna relación entre ambos fenómenos.
A partir de la confirmación de esta hipótesis, se sostiene la tesis de la existencia de una relación causal entre la oferta viaria y la demanda ferroviaria. El nexo causal se halla en los costes temporales del viaje.
La demanda de transporte interurbano obedece fundamentalmente a tres factores básicos: el coste monetario del viaje, la evolución de la actividad económica. Los estudios empíricos sobre la demanda interurbana, menos numerosos que los referidos al transporte urbano, han puesto el énfasis en los costes monetarios del viaje, con el complemento de la actividad económica.
En esta investigación se presta un interés especial a los costes temporales del viaje, al servicio de un objetivo limitado: evaluar su influencia en la evolución de la demanda del ferrocarril interurbano. No se persigue, por lo tanto, una caracterización comprehensiva de la estructura de la demanda. No obstante la evolución del coste temporal del viaje se revela como el factor singular con mayor impacto sobre los cambios en la demanda de viajes en ferrocarril interurbano en el periodo estudiado con mayor detalle: la segunda mitad de los ochenta, hasta 1991.
El nexo causal que ha dominado la relación entre oferta viaria y demanda ferroviaria ha sido el coste temporal del viaje. A grandes rasgos, la causalidad ha funcionado como sigue:
- El crecimiento de la oferta viaria, la ampliación de capacidad de las carreteras, ha provocado una sensible reducción del coste temporal del viaje.
- Al no haberse producido cambios relevantes en el tiempo de viaje por ferrocarril, se ha alterado la estructura intermodal de costes temporales, en favor de la carretera.
- Tal alteración de la estructura intermodal de costes temporales ha originado una reducción en la competitividad del ferrocarril interurbano, que ha tenido como consecuencia una disminución de la demanda del ferrocarril. Esta ha sido, en esencia, la forma en que los cambios en la oferta de carretera han influido sobre la demanda ferroviaria. El corolario genérico de esta lógica, en términos de política de transporte, es el siguiente:
- Por una parte, la demanda ferroviaria interurbana se ha reducido como consecuencia de la competencia entre los modos de transporte.
- Por otra, la ausencia de una concepción intermodal de la planificación de infraestructuras y servicios de transporte ha impedido prever esta dinámica, por lo que no se han efectuado los ajustes necesarios en la oferta de servicios de la compañía ferroviaria. Al contrario, la oferta ha crecido.
- La coexistencia de la disminución de la demanda y el aumento de la oferta ha contribuido a empeorar la cuenta de resultados de RENFE, lo que ha perjudicado la eficiencia del sistema de transporte.
- En consecuencia, se extrae una conclusión de carácter genérico: la necesidad de incorporar una concepción intermodal en la planificación de las infraestructuras y servicios colectivos de transporte, dados los efectos que la política de oferta en un modo puede tener sobre la demanda de modos alternativos.
La investigación se estructura en siete capítulos. En el primer capitulo se caracteriza la demanda de transporte en España, su estructura modal y su evolución en los últimos años, prestando especial atención al transporte interurbano.
En el segundo capitulo se analizan, desde una perspectiva teórica, los costes directos del transporte. Con este propósito se revisan las elaboraciones más relevantes de la literatura, con especial incidencia en los costes temporales del transporte.
En el tercer capitulo se analiza el fenómeno de la congestión en el sistema de transporte. Se desarrolla un modelo explicativo de los costes de congestión aplicable al tráfico interurbano y capaz de aprehender los costes sociales que emanan de la de congestión.
El crecimiento de la demanda de transporte por carretera en los años ochenta ha agravado los problemas de congestión interurbana preexistentes en el tráfico viario. La congestión ha venido a incidir en los costes temporales del transporte por carretera, originando un exceso de coste social. En el capitulo cuatro se analizan las respuestas que, desde la política pública, se han ofrecido al problema de la congestión viaria interurbana en España en los años ochenta.
La política de precios seguida en la segunda mitad de los ochenta parece exenta de objetivos asignativos sobre el tráfico interurbano. Pero las actuaciones públicas en infraestructuras viarias han provocado una sensible reducción del coste temporal del viaje por carretera y, por ello, cambios en la estructura intermodal de los costes temporales del viaje.
Estos cambios se configuran como factores que, en buena parte, explican la regresión de los tráficos ferroviarios interurbanos a finales de los años ochenta y principios de los noventa. Para estudiar esta cuestión, en el capitulo quinto se analiza con detalle la evolución reciente del tráfico ferroviario interurbano.
El estudio agregado de los tráficos ferroviarios no es suficiente para aprehender los efectos de los cambios en el coste temporal del viaje, puesto que estos cambios no se han producido de forma homogénea en todo el territorio nacional. Por ello, en el capítulo cinco se atiende especialmente a dos cuestiones que no han sido objeto de estudio sistemático en la literatura española: (l) la distribución territorial de la demanda de transporte ferroviario interurbano; y (2) la evolución de la demanda según las distancias del viaje.
A través del análisis se observa la importancia relativa de cada corredor ferroviario en el conjunto nacional, y la evolución territorial de la demanda. Asimismo, se observan las diferencias en la evolución de la demanda según las distancias de los viajes.
Además de facilitar la caracterización estática y dinámica de la demanda ferroviaria interurbana, tanto en su vertiente territorial como según la duración del viaje, el análisis desagregado sugiere la sensibilidad de la demanda ferroviaria a la competencia de los modos alternativos.
En el capitulo sexto se analiza con instrumental estadístico el efecto de los cambios de la estructura relativa de los costes temporales sobre la demanda ferroviaria interurbana. En particular, se constata la capacidad explicativa de los cambios en los costes temporales del viaje con respecto a las diferencias en la evolución territorial de la demanda.
En el capitulo séptimo, se establecen las principales conclusiones derivadas de la investigación y se formulan propuestas para la política de transporte.
Por último, se relacionan las referencias estadísticas, documentales y bibliográficas fundamentales, así como referencias a bibliografía complementaria que ha resultado de interés para esta investigación.
This doctoral dissertation sustains the thesis that there is a causal, not casual, relationship between highway supply and rail demand. The axis of this relationship is the time cost of travel.
Transportation demand basically depends on three factors: monetary cost of travel; evolution of economic activity; and time costs of travel. Empirical studies on interurban demand, not as numerous as those relatives to urban demand, have put the accent on monetary costs and economic activity. However, this research gives a special role to time costs, pursuing a limited target: to evaluate their influence on the recent evolution of interurban rail demand in Spain.
Through the research it is shown that time costs of travel are the singular factor with greater impact on changes of interurban rail demand in the studied period: late eighties and early nineties.
A key point in the research process is the inquiry into the main characteristics of the supply public policies, and their effects on the interurban rail demand. Investment in highways and motorways has solved a great deal of congestion problems on the interurban roads. Moreover, it has increased there potential speed. These changes have affected the intermodal structure of travel time costs and have greatly contributed to the decrease of interurban rail demand. In this way, the transport policy has generated undesired results.
Hence, the analysis shows that the absence of intermodal planning of transportation infrastructures and mass services increases the global costs of the transportation system. Therefore, it is concluded that introducing an intermodal view when planning facilities and services is needed to optimize the results of investment in infrastructures and to improve the efficiency in the transportation system.
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Tiago, Renato Pereira. "Estudo de pontos promissores para instalação de terminais intermodais rodo-ferroviários de contêineres no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-08012016-132824/.
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Este trabalho visa identificar, a partir de um levantamento de dados dos fluxos de cargas conteinerizadas e custos operacionais de transporte, os locais mais promissores para a instalação de futuros terminais intermodais de carga rodo-ferroviários, com auxílio de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (TransCAD), objetivando a redução dos custos e otimização das operações logísticas envolvidas na rede de transportes do estado de São Paulo. Simulações são feitas para a instalação de até dez terminais intermodais rodo-ferroviários em pontos estratégicos do interior do Estado, considerando-se duas condições: a primeira com um terminal existente só em Santos e todos os pontos candidatos escolhidos pelo modelo de localização das p-medianas do TransCAD e, a segunda, considerando-se, além de Santos, os oito terminais intermodais já existentes no Estado. Apresenta-se uma análise dos custos de rede e os mapas temáticos de áreas de influência de cada uma das soluções obtidas pelo modelo. Os resultados são comparados com o trabalho de TONDO (1992). Conclui-se que as soluções encontradas através de um novo enfoque de modelagem do problema, são significativamente diferentes daqueles propostos por TONDO (1992).Based on a data collection of containerized cargo flows and operational transport costs, this study has the objective of identifying promising points to install future road-rail intermodal container terminals, using a Geographic Information System (TransCAD) and the objective function of reducing costs and optimising logistic operations on the transport network of the state of São Paulo. Simulations are presented for the instalation of up to ten road-rail intermodal terminals at strategic locations in the interior of the State, considering two conditions: the first one, with only one terminal placed at the port of Santos and all the candidate points beeing chosen by the p-median location model of TransCAD, and the second one, considering Santos and the other eight existing intermodal terminals in the State. An analysis of the network costs and thematic maps of the influence areas of each solution are presented. The results are compared with the study by TONDO (1992). It is concluded that the solutions obtained by this new modeling focus of the problem, are considerably different from the ones obtained by TONDO (1992).
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Ha, Meung Shin. "The evaluation of cost-effectiveness of intermodal transport systems in the Korean container trades." Thesis, Online version, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.304845.
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Silva, Rachel Jardim Medeiros da. "Metodologia de avaliação de emissões de dióxido de carbono no transporte intermodal: um estudo de caso da soja de exportação brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3148/tde-19072016-111514/.
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As emissões globais de dióxido de carbono cresceram em mais de 100% desde 1971 (IEA, 2013), sendo que o aumento foi mais acentuado no período entre 2000 e 2010 (IPCC, 2014). O Brasil ocupa o 13º lugar no ranking mundial dos principais países emissores de gases de efeito estufa (IEA, 2012) e, portanto, é indispensável que alternativas de redução das emissões nacionais sejam estudadas, entre elas, a adoção de modos de transporte mais sustentáveis. Apesar do modo ferroviário ser energeticamente mais eficiente que o rodoviário (ICF CONSULTING, 2009), a extensão da malha ferroviária brasileira é reduzida, sendo necessário associar o transporte ferroviário a etapas de coleta e distribuição da carga por rodovia, o que pode significar maiores gastos energéticos. Em vista disso, este trabalho teve por objetivo propor uma metodologia para estimativa da redução de emissões de dióxido de carbono por meio do transporte intermodal em comparação ao exclusivamente rodoviário. O modelo de emissões desenvolvido é versátil para aplicação em múltiplas situações, não restringindo a região brasileira de estudo e a carga ferroviária. Basicamente, é necessário conhecer o percurso utilizado, bem como o consumo de combustível em litros/tku por trecho ferroviário, além do fator de consumo de combustível médio na rodovia. A metodologia foi aplicada especificamente ao transporte de soja brasileira para exportação. O problema foi abordado em escala nacional, sendo que as origens da carga foram detalhadas por município e as distâncias rodoviárias foram calculadas com a ferramenta Google Maps. Para cada município produtor de soja foram estimadas as emissões associadas às duas alternativas de transporte, sendo a visualização dos resultados realizada por meio de heat map, elaborado em função do potencial de economia de emissões (%) de cada município. Com base nesse mapa, foram apontadas as regiões geográficas do país, onde o transporte intermodal apresenta maiores ganhos ambientais. Por fim, os resultados foram confrontados com o mapa de economias obtido por CRAIG et al. (2012) para os Estados Unidos, sendo o impacto da distância ao terminal de embarque e da distância total da rota na economia de emissões analisado.Global carbon dioxide emissions have more than doubled since 1971 (IEA, 2013), increasing at a higher rate between 2000 and 2010 (IPCC, 2014). Brazil occupies the 13th position in the ranking of the worlds largest greenhouse gases emitters (IEA, 2012) and, therefore, it is essential to consider alternatives regarding emissions reduction at national level, including sustainable transport systems. Although rail is more fuel efficient than truck (ICF CONSULTING, 2009), the Brazilian rail network is concentrated in a few regions, requiring association of the rail transport to pre- and post-haulage by road, that might lead to higher energy consumption. Thus, this research aimed to develop a methodology to estimate the potential reduction of carbon dioxide emissions due to intermodal transportation when compared to trucking. The emissions model is versatile in terms of possible applications, since it is not restricted to a specific Brazilian region or any good type transported. Basically, it is necessary to know the general route, the fuel consumption in liter/tku for each rail stretch and the average fuel consumption factor of the truck. This method was applied specifically to the Brazilian soybean exportations. The approach of the problem was at the national level and the origins of the cargo corresponded to all the soybean producing towns. Furthermore, road distances were calculated using the Google Maps tool. For each town, emissions were estimated considering both transportation alternatives: intermodal and trucking. Then, the results were presented in a heat map, elaborated in function of the potential carbon savings (%) for each town. Based on this map, the regions where the intermodal route means environmental gains were indicated. Finally, the results were compared to the American carbon savings map created by CRAIG et al. (2012), addressing the impact of terminal distance and total distance travelled on emissions savings.
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Zuzánková, Aneta. "Intermodální přeprava se zaměřením na dovoz z Číny do České republiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-142294.
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The diploma thesis characterizes intermodal transport and individual systems which it uses. It also desribes the current development of transport and its individual sectors. The diploma thesis also outlines the issue of external economic relations and foreign trade between China and the Czech republic. I picked up and characterized the representatives of shipping carriers and intermodal carriers. In the last part of the thesis I described the specific case of import of three containers from a Chinese shipper to a Czech consignee.
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Gili, Carla, and Estefanía Soler. "Comparison and Evaluation of Different Types of Vehicles to Transport Containers within an Intermodal Terminal." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2926.
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Due to globalisation, transport policies have been changing and adapting to increase the demands and the needs of the market. Sea ports have a major role in the economic system in which they coordinate the transport of large volumes of cargo in long distances with a high level of productivity. The growth of handling cargo has led to increase congestion in roads because roads are the most used method to transport goods between port and its hinterland. This is the reason why many West European ports are working with train terminals as an alternative form of transport. As part of an intermodal case of study, we have focused on train terminal operations at the port of Barcelona, because currently there is not enough capacity, but it is expected to increase within the next ten years. Moreover, because of the limited geographicalarea, it is important to take in consideration the method for managing the logistics within the container terminal in Barcelona. The objective of this study is to develop a model to analyse and evaluate different types of horizontal transport between the yard and the train terminal at the port of Barcelona in order to identify the most suitable transport system. We compare five different transport systems under three scenarios. The results indicate that some horizontal transport systems are more efficient than others.
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Ottosson, Marcus, and Nils Sollerud. "Införande av containerlager för ökad flexibilitet av intermodala transporter : En fallstudie hos Holmen Paper Braviken." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75066.
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A well-functioning transport system that can ensure efficient distribution is an important part of a mass-producing company. This is also the case for Holmen Paper Braviken, a paper mill with a widespread market base. Both today and historically, a large market share has been found in Europe, where a large proportion of the paper produced has been transported by truck and boat. In recent times, the demand for container transports has become higher as a result of sales in increasingly widespread markets. It is a trend that is forecasted to continue and to ensure that increased volumes henceforth still can be transported, Holmen Paper Braviken's current container transport solution has become interesting to investigate. In this study, the current process for container transports is examined as an outset and basis for identifying a possible solution that in the long term can facilitate a suitable development. It is clear that the current process for container transport is standardized with few adaptable possibilities but is well-functioning under the present conditions. However, hard endeavors are needed in specific periods due to high variations in volumes, which suggests a need to be flexible in adjustments. Furthermore, a container warehouse was identified as a possible development for the existing process. A container warehouse can lead to higher flexibility in transport activities by enabling the possibility to allocate and plan transports and resources to a greater extent. Since loading of containers is made possible when the undertakings are low, which can ease coming periods where there is a spike in demand. Therefore, loading operations can be spread out better over time and resources can more easily be redistributed based on the existing conditions of demand. However, the introduction of a container warehouse is currently not seen as a feasible change since it involves significant investments and risks. If, on the other hand, the development on the market continues according to the current pattern, said investment will become a more and more reasonable solution. Since increasingly higher demands will be placed on flexible container transports, which would warrant a container warehouse to a higher degree.Ett välfungerande transportsystem som kan säkerställa en effektiv distribution är en viktig del i ett massproducerande företag. Så är även fallet för Holmen Paper Braviken, ett pappersbruk med en spridd marknadsbas. Både idag och historiskt har en stor marknadsandel befunnit sig inom Europa där en stor andel av det producerade pappret transporterats med lastbil och båt. Under senare tid har dock efterfrågan på containertransporter blivit högre till följd av försäljning på allt mer spridda marknader. Det är en trend som prognostiserats fortsätta och för att säkerställa att ökande volymer fortsatt kan hanteras har Holmen Paper Bravikens nuvarande transportlösning för container blivit intressant att undersöka. Som utgångsläge i den här studien undersöktes den nuvarande processen för containertransporter för att identifiera en eventuell lösning som på sikt kan underlätta för den aktuella händelseutvecklingen. Det framgår att nuvarande process för containertransporter är standardiserad och väl fungerande under dagens förutsättningar men med få anpassningsmöjligheter. I perioder förekommer det ansträngningar på nuvarande system, främst baserat på höga variationer i volymer, vilket ställer krav på en flexibel anpassningsförmåga. Vidare identifierades ett containerlager som en tänkbar utveckling till den befintliga processen. Ett containerlager kan leda till en högre flexibilitet i transportaktiviteter genom att fördela om resurser och i högre utsträckning möjliggöra långsiktig planering av transporter. Eftersom förlastning av containrar är möjligt vid låg beläggning kan man underlätta för kommande tidsperioder med hög beläggning. Det innebär att beläggningen kan jämnas ut och resurser kan i perioder enklare fördelas om efter givet tillstånd i beläggning. Införandet av ett containerlager ses i dagsläget däremot inte som en genomförbar förändring eftersom det innebär betydande investeringar och risker. Om utvecklingen på marknaden däremot fortsätter enligt nuvarande mönster kommer sagda investering bli mer och mer aktuell. Då kommer allt högre krav ställas på flexibla containertransporter där ett införande av ett containerlager skulle kunna bli berättigat.
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Häggblom, Linnea, and Mikael Norman. "Transport av styckegods på järnväg: en utredande studie." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-30830.
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In today´s society large quantities of goods are shipped both domestic in Sweden as well as across borders. The increasing flow of goods require higher demands on the capacity of the infrastructure and at the same time think and act for a sustainable environment. The overall aim of the study is to highlight development areas for cargo freight by railway. The more specific goals of the study is to identify what enablers that is needed when to establish an intermodal terminal that will handle break-bulk cargo directly from railway, and what barriers that might be. To achieve the aim and goal a qualitative study was conducted with interviews as primal data. Studying the market prerequisites and conducting a competitive intelligence and a benchmark conducted the result. In the result, the interviews and the examined documents has ben compiled, these data has been the basis for the analysis and conclusion. Large parts of the collected data indicated that break bulk cargo handling in intermodal terminals is currently something that is not offered and it is not considered to be economically viable. However, the study also revealed that break bulk cargo handling is a desired service from the business sector as it is regarded as an environmentally friendly mode of transportation, something that the business sector appreciate. To cope with this kind of cargo handling and transportation more research is needed, better cooperation between the private- and the public sector as well as infrastructure changes.Idag fraktas stora mängder gods både inom Sverige och över landsgränserna. Det ökande godsflödet ställer högre krav på infrastrukturens kapacitet samtidigt som det blir allt viktigare med transporter som är hållbara ur miljösynpunkt. Studiens övergripande syfte är att belysa utvecklingsmöjligheter av godstransport på järnväg. Mer specifika mål för studien är att identifiera vilka förutsättningar som bör finnas vid etablering av kombiterminal med styckegodshantering direkt från räls samt vilka barriärer det finns mot det. För att uppnå undersökningens syfte och mål genomfördes en kvalitativ studie med intervjuer som primärdata. Genom att studera marknadsförutsättningar, genomföra en omvärldsbevakning och en benchmark utformades resultatet. I resultatet har intervjuerna tillsammans med den granskade dokumentationen sammanställts, dessa data har sedan legat som grund till analysen och slutsatsen. Stora delar av insamlade data pekade mot att styckegodshantering på kombiterminal i dagens läge inte är något som erbjuds samt att det inte anses vara ekonomiskt hållbart att hantera styckegods på kombiterminal. Dock visade undersökningen att styckegodshantering på kombiterminal är en önskad tjänst från näringslivet då det anses vara ett miljövänligt transportsätt för gods, något som näringslivet värdesätter. För att klara av denna typ av hantering och transport krävs mer forskning, bättre samarbete mellan den privata och offentliga sektorn samt infrastrukturella förändringar.
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Lui, Kwok-wai William. "A study of intermodal transport coordination and its contribution to sustainable urban transportation in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43785839.
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Lui, Kwok-wai William, and 雷國威. "A study of intermodal transport coordination and its contribution to sustainable urban transportation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43785839.
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Nasir, Sharin. "Intermodal container transport logistics to andfrom Malaysian ports : Evaluation of Customer requirements and environmental effects." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Trafik och logistik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-158972.
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Malaysian ports’ container volumes are expected to increase to 36.6 million TEUs in 2020 compare to 12 million TEUs in 2005. Almost 45% of the container volumes are local containers entering the Malaysian hinterland. The hinterland container transport movements are dominated by road haulage (90%), alongside road-rail intermodal that currently handles the remaining 10%. The aim of this research is to develop possible strategies for improving the logistics of the intermodal hinterland container transport system based on customer demand, cost-efficiency, environmental impacts and quality. Intermodal began to capture more container volumes from ports, especially Port Klang, in 1989. This was initiated by the opening of Ipoh Cargo Terminal (ICT). Other inland terminals such as Padang Besar (Perlis), Nilai Inland Port (Negeri Sembilan), Segamat Inland Port (Johore) and three other ICDs have seen a good share of intermodal movements during that time. But for the past 10 years, the intermodal share has declined. The government is concerned with the congestion, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road haulage and security issues. The Prime Minister has pledged that by the year 2020, Malaysia will reduce its CO2 emissions by 40% and it is believed that intermodal could be one of the solutions to achieve this. The need to shift from road haulage to road-rail intermodal has been mentioned in Industrial Master Plan 3 (2006) and the Logistics Road Map (2009) to alleviate these problems. Intermodal hinterland container transport is a trend in many European ports to solve road haulage problems. The current hinterland container transport in Malaysia showed that the share of intermodal in Malaysia is still low. Most of the inland terminals in Malaysia are underutilised. Based on a customer survey, the major issues for customers to shift to intermodal is not only cost but also service quality. The lack of strategic policies and effective institutional aspects also contributes to make intermodal services less attractive. The Port Klang-Ipoh Corridor has a huge potential to be the main intermodal corridor in Malaysia. The case study showed that this corridor has the container volume to support intermodal services. The case study indicated a cost saving of 51% compared to direct road haulage, whereby CO2 emissions would be reduced by 36%. However, all the cost savings and reductions in CO2 emissions are not viable if there is no implementation of the most effective strategies to promote intermodal movement. The strategies include 1) introducing the Intermodal Transport Department and new policies, 2) introducing specific intermodal services, 3) setting up the green corridor concept, 4) developing a reward system for actors in intermodal transportation, 5) collaboration and coordination issues and 6) quality of service monitoring. Implementations of these strategies is vital to enhance the intermodal share in the Malaysian environment.QC 20150116
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Witoonpan, Sangrawee. "Developing a conceptual model of intermodal freight transport choice : a case study of Thai rubber exporters." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2016. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/31619/.
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Freight transport decisions are nowadays affected by the impact of the external environment, particularly within commodity markets like the natural rubber industry. Consequently, shipping managers are confronted with uncertain circumstances such as economic changes causing high price volatility, economic crises and emerging new markets. As China becomes the worlds’ largest rubber consumer and has introduced a mixture of rubber buyers to the market, the level of complexity in transportation has now increased substantially. This study considers freight transport mode choice. Despite the fact that mode choice selection is not exactly a new subject, the majority of existing studies conducted have been based only on surveys or secondary data, that have mainly sought to identify an optimized solution or the prioritisation of operational factors such as cost and transit time. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing decision makers when it comes to choosing the transportation alternatives currently available, or that might be used, by natural rubber exporters in Thailand. This research used a preliminarily conceptual framework derived from the combination of the Organisational Buying Behaviour (OBB) model in terms of contextual factors, with relevant literature in relation to operational factors. These include organisation, business environment, individual perceptions and past experience, and operational factors in order to assess primary qualitative data gathered as part of the research fieldwork. This research has adopted a qualitative approach and methodology based on the interpretivist paradigm. The research was conducted using two methods: questionnaires and follow-up semi-structured interviews. To explore the background of the natural rubber industry, identifying its key demographic characteristics and the current situation with regard to freight transport usage, a questionnaire survey was conducted using a sample of 73 shipping managers. Fifty individuals completed and returned the questionnaires. In support of a substantive study, in-depth interviews of the managers of 21 companies were used to investigate what factors influence the selection of transport modes and how they impact on their decisions. The interviewed transcripts were analysed using template analysis. The conceptual model data gave a clearer picture of linkages and relationships between five dimensions: environmental characteristics, organisational characteristics, customer characteristics, transport decision making in the natural rubber industry and operational factors. This model can provide a deeper understanding of freight transport choice decisions in terms of a combination of operational and behavioural factors. The developed model also enhances the power of explanation of those various factors feeding into the decisions of freight transport mode choice and will be disseminated to shipping managers within the commodity market sector.
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Shinghal, Nalin. "An application of stated preference methods to the study of intermodal freight transport services in India." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11336/.
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The Indian Railways (IR) have, over the past four decades, been steadily losing market share, in both passenger and freight markets. In the case of freight, they have gone from being the dominant mode to being carriers of bulk traffic only. Most of the general goods, high value, traffic has shifted to road. In line with the pattern of economic growth, the manufactured goods sector is the fastest growing sector of the economy. This leads on one hand, to exclusion of JR from an important, and growing, sector of the economy and on the other hand to heavy strains on the already saturated road network, higher environmental dis-benefits and higher costs of petroleum imports. The Container Corporation of India (CONCOR), a subsidiary of IR, is now attempting to enter the domestic freight market, to recapture some of this freight traffic. The present work has been taken up, with the final objective of developing a methodology, for identifying sectors where viable intermodal services can be offered, in comparison to road, as well as rail, services and to determine the price and service levels required for the same. In the absence of any revealed preference (RP) data, as well as any previous work on valuation of attributes for the different sectors, we have used an Adaptive Stated Preference (SP) design for our work. The Leeds Adaptive Stated Preference (LASP) software has been modified and used for the work. Various alternatives have also been examined, with regard to the approach to be used for analysis of the survey data and we have finally decided to use individual level models aggregated using weighted averages as these appear to provide the most robust estimates. We have developed models for costing of, door to door, freight movement by road, rail and intermodal services. These models have been used in conjunction with the demand model to assess the viability of the different services for the sectors considered. Our findings indicate that, using fully allocated door to door costs, rail is a clear leader for distances over about 500 Km, on cost basis alone. However, when the service quality factors are taken into account, intermodal services become more attractive for the high value, damage prone, products while road services are more attractive for the lower value products. Rail services break even under 1500 Km only in a few of the situations considered by us and Intermodal service break even under 1500 Km for a large number of the situations (in case of use of new high speed wagons this breakeven shifts to between 500 to 1000 Km). Rail services would need to match the quality of road services, or be priced on marginal cost basis, to be competitive, as compared to road services. Intermodal services can be quite profitable, with presently attained transit times using the older (BFK) wagons, if they are offered at least thrice a week. The larger firms also appear to be more likely to go for intermodal services, than smaller firms. In case of the newer, high speed wagons, the increased capital costs are offset by the gains due to faster turn-around and there is a substantial improvement in the quality of service (time & reliability) that can be provided. This provides an opportunity for a highly profitable service to be provided with the induction of the new wagons.
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Antoniazzi, Federico. "La rationalisation des flux de marchandises à travers les terminaux intermodaux." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814724.
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La promotion du transport ferroviaire de marchandises permet d'améliorer l'impact environnemental du transport de marchandises, à travers la réduction de la part modale de la route, qui est responsable d'environ un quart des émissions européennes de CO2. L'objet de cette thèse est d'analyser les flux de marchandises afin de proposer des solutions opérationnelles qui permettraient d'augmenter la part de marché du transport de fret ferroviaire, notamment grâce à une meilleure utilisation des terminaux intermodaux. La première partie de la thèse fournit une synthèse des principales modèles théoriques concernant l'analyse de la demande et de l'offre de transport de marchandises, afin d'analyser le lien entre activité économique et transport de marchandises. Une analyse détaillée des sources statistiques disponibles au niveau européen, national et régional, est aussi fournie. Dans la deuxième partie, une application au cas des chantiers de transbordement rail-route en France est présentée, et une comparaison avec d'autres pays européens est réalisée. L'objectif de cette analyse est d'estimer la demande potentielle de transport combiné, d'évaluer la productivité des terminaux intermodaux et d'étudier l'impact socio-économique et financier des investissements dans les terminaux intermodaux, en évaluant également la possibilité des nouveaux montages financiers (PPP). Les résultats de l'analyse montrent un large potentiel pour le transport combiné, en particulier en lien avec l'activité des ports maritimes, et une productivité faible dans les terminaux existants. En conséquence, cette analyse suggèrerait de concentrer les investissements sur un nombre limité de sites à haut potentiel, afin d'attirer des investissements privés et optimiser l'utilisation des fonds publics. Les implications politiques de cette analyse sont multiples : elles concernent d'abord le gestionnaire d'infrastructure et les opérateurs ferroviaires, qui doivent mieux planifier les investissements en fonction de la demande commerciale. Elles concernent aussi l'Etat et les collectivités locales, qui doivent optimiser l'utilisation des fonds publics en favorisant les localisations à haut potentiel.
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Juang, Yih-Ching. "Inter-port competition and inland container transport : a multiple criteria decision-making approach to achieve intermodal transport system development strategies in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2833.
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Inland container transport has intensified over the past thirty years in Taiwan. It is closely related to inter-port competition and port selection by container carriers. In the 1980's, large containerships only berthed at Kaohsiung port due to the limit of container terminal operation capacities of Keelung port and the carrier's regional hub port decision in the country region. The container traffic of the south-north motorways made them more crowded and increased road maintenance expenses. The purpose of this research is to study inter-port competition and inland container transport flows in Taiwan. Although Taiwan is an island, the freight transport policy has been focused on rail and motorway rather than sea transportation. Therefore, it is intended to study the contexts of inland container traffic flows and the inter-port competition model. Following from this, the main objectives are to understand the details of container ports in order to identify the major criteria and variables related to the development of the intermodal freight transport system and then to create an integrated decision-making process model as a framework to help the public sector make quality decisions. We designed, tested and evaluated a public involvement process that identified public values for use in the development of an intermodal transport system for the container port. The methodology of this research includes the development of a Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) model based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and validated by the use of priority setting for the intermodal transport system at Kaohsiung port as a case study. The main idea behind mathematical programming is the optimal selection of a set of research activities given limited resource availability, decision constraints and the pursuit of multiple objectives. A final model addresses the simultaneous analysis of the selection process clearly able to be traced back by all parties. This research developed a framework that will enable the public sector to make better decisions when selecting intermodal transport system proposals and also save decision-makers time and effort.
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Sahlin, Tobias. "Designing the Intermodal Multiperiod Transportation Network of a Logistic Service Provider Company for Container Management." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-122086.
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Lured by the promise of bigger sales, companies are increasingly looking to raise the volume of international trade. Consequently, the amount of bulk products carried in containers and transported overseas exploded because of the flexibility and reliability of this type of transportation. However, minimizing the logistics costs arising from the container flow management across different terminals has emerged asa major problem that companies and affiliated third-party logistics firms face routinely. The empty tankcontainer allocation problem occurs in the context of intermodal distribution systems management and transportation operations carried out by logistic service provider companies. This paper considers the time-evolving supply chain system of an international logistic service provider company that transports bulk products loaded in tank containers via road, rail and sea. In such system, unbalanced movements of loaded tank containers forces the company to reposition empty tank containers. The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model that supports tactical decisions for flow management of empty tank containers. The problem involves dispatching empty tank containers of various types to the meet on-time delivery requirements and repositioning the other tank containers to storage facilities, depots and cleaning stations. To this aim, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) multiperiod optimization model is developed. The model is analyzed and developed step by step, and its functionality is demonstrated by conducting experiments on the network from our case study problem, within the boarders of Europe. The case study constitutes three different scenarios of empty tank container allocation. The computational experiments show that the model finds good quality solutions, and demonstrate that cost and modality improvements can be achieved in the network The sensitivity analysis employs a set of data from our case study and randomly selected data to highlight certain features of the model and provide some insights regarding the model’s behavior.
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Oudani, Mustapha. "Optimisation des problèmes de transport multimodal." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0005/document.
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Cette thèse est une contribution aux travaux de recherche sur l’optimisation des problèmes du transport multimodal. Les principaux concepts clé de la multimodalité dans les réseaux du transport intermodal et l’état de l’art des travaux scientifique du domaine y sont présentés. Le problème de la localisation des terminaux du transport combiné est ensuite étudié. Nous proposons un algorithme génétique à codage mixte pour la résolution de ce problème et nous comparons nos résultats avec ceux de la littérature. Un ensemble de problèmes posés dans le cadre de notre travail sur le projet DCAS (Direct Cargo Axe Seine), porté par le Grand Port Maritime du Havre, y est décrit et modélisé par des outils de programmation mathématique. Ainsi, nous avons étudié le problème du transfert de navettes ferroviaires qui consiste à optimiser le transfert d’un ensemble de conteneurs entre des terminaux maritimes et un terminal multimodal. Ensuite, nous avons modélisé le problème d’ordonnancement des trains de grandes de lignes pour le placement sur les voies de la cour ferroviaire du terminal multimodal du Havre. Ces problèmes sont résolus en utilisant une approche combinée optimisation-simulation. Une première application est basée sur un algorithme génétique couplé avec la simulation multi agents pour l’affectation des voies aux trains. Une deuxième, consiste à optimiser la manutention des conteneurs lors d’un transbordement rail-rail en utilisant un algorithme de colonie de fourmis intégré dans le modèle de simulation et une stratégie de collaboration agents pour minimiser les temps d’attente des portiques et ainsi augmenter leurs productivitésThis thesis is a contribution to research on the optimization of multimodal transport problems. The main key concepts of multimodality in the intermodal transportation networks and the state of the art of scientific works in the field are presented. The intermodal terminal location problem is then studied. We propose a genetic algorithm with mixed encoding for solving this problem and we compare our results with those of literature. A set of problems in the framework of our work on the project DCAS (Direct Cargo Axe Seine), carried by the Grand Port Maritime du Havre, are described and modeled by mathematical programming tools. Thus, we studied the problem of the transfer of rail shuttles which is to optimize the transfer of a set of containers between maritime terminals and a multimodal terminal. We then modeled the scheduling problem of freight trains for placement on rail tracks. These problems are solved by using combined optimization simulation approaches. A first application is based on a genetic algorithm coupled with the multi agent’s simulation. A second is to optimize a rail-rail transshipment of containers using an ant colony algorithm embedded in the simulation model and an agent’s collaboration strategy to minimize waiting times and increase cranes productivity.541 ##$a@Optimization of multimodal transportation problems
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Beytell, Cornell. "Sustainable transport and intermodal solutions for urban growth and development : a case study of the Integrated Gauteng Transport Master Plan 2025 / C. Beytell." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9108.
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“Our next step is the future, but the future is here and now.”
We live in a constantly changing world, with a continuous change in urban growth and
development. There has been a significant growth in freight traffic over the last few
decades. The development of road transport, which contributes to air pollution, noise,
congestion, and safety concerns, is particularly a concern in South Africa, where freight
traffic is concentrated on a limited number of routes and where topography results in the
limited spreading of pollutions.
High national freight logistics costs, major road infrastructure challenges and
environmental impact concerns of a road conquered freight transport market have
fuelled this study’s interest in intermodal transport solutions. Concerns of planning for
sustainable and intermodal development have incited this study to reach a consensus
surrounding the necessity of balancing the use of different transportation modes, and in
particular, increasing rail mode share.
The issue of sustainable intermodal transport in South Africa is very critical due to the
expansion of cities and that people do not pay attention to all aspects such as the
significance of the environment, economy and social structures. Some challenges
include high demand, inefficient and inadequate terminal and rail systems, high fuel
costs, limited collaboration, process inefficiencies and skills shortages. The field of
sustainable development can be conceptually broken into three legs: environmental
protection, economic sustainability and social justice. The transport sector in South
Africa runs at a significant cost to road infrastructure, resources and the environment.
This study investigates two corridors namely the Gauteng – Durban and the Gauteng –
Cape Town corridors; if these two can be an example of a sustainable intermodal
transport network it would reduce a lot of stress from the environment, economies and
social activities. Intermodal solutions play an important role in the growth and
development of sub-Saharan Africa and the Africa continent as a whole, efficiencydriven
transportation systems enable growth and thereby, competitiveness.
Due to the fact that the Gauteng 25 year Integrated Transport Master Plan is still in
progress and have not yet been finalised, this study can be a seen as a guideline for
freight transport with regards to the final integrated transport master plan. The main aim
of this study is to do a investigate sustainable and intermodal transport to determine
whether there are an opening-break for this, and to recognise solutions and
opportunities in our current postmodern world, to identify what the future (2025)
beholds.
“The future lies before you, like paths of pure white snow. Be careful how you tread on
it, for every step will show.”Thesis (MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Andersson, Rasmus. "Havet som Transportväg : En undersökning om MARPOL-Konventionens roll för transportköparna." Thesis, Högskolan i Kalmar, Sjöfartshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-62835.
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Detta är en kvalitativ undersökning om vilken roll MARPOL-konventionen spelar för transportköpare. Vilken miljöhänsyn de tar vid val av transportör och till vilken grad de känner till MARPOL-konventionen och det arbete som besättningen ombord på fartygen utför för att leva upp till dess krav. Det studerade problemet behandlarförståelsen för att miljöarbete, inte bara inom sin egen arbetssektor, utan även inom andra arbetssektorer, är en viktig förståelse för att uppnå ett stort samarbete för miljön.Undersökningen är baserad på en semi-strukturerade metod av öppna intervjuer med fem svenska företag som handlar med varor internationellt och är transportköpare. Undersökningen visar på att transportkostnad på lång sikt, miljöarbete inom transportbolaget och pålitligheten gällande de avsatta leveranstiderna samt den tidigare arbetsrelationen mellan transportköpare och transportbolag, är de faktorer som spelar störst roll vid val av transportör för transportköpare. Samt att ett företag av fem intervjuade, känner till MARPOL-Konventionen och lite av dess arbetskrav som ställs på besättningen ombord på fartygen. Allt arbete med denna undersökning och utvecklingen av dess rapport är genomfört av arbetets författare.A qualitative study regarding what role the MARPOL-Convention plays for the costumers of transport service. What regard of environment they take in consideration for their choice of carrier and to what degree they are aware of the MARPOL-Convention and the work the crew put in on board vessels, in order to live up to the requirements of the MARPOL-Convention. The problem deals with the understanding of the environmental work, not only within their own labor sector, but also in other labor sectors, is an important understanding to achieve a great partnership for the environment. The survey is based on a semi-structured method of open interviews with five Swedish companies that are dealing in goods internationally and are costumers of transport services. This survey shows that; long term transport costs, environmental work within the transport company, the reliability regarding the assigned delivery times and the earlier working relationship between shippers and carriers, play the greatest role for the choice of carrier. And that one out of five respondents are aware of the MARPOL-Convention, and some of the work it requires of the crew on board the vessels.
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Lara, Felipe Ferreira de. "A indústria automotiva em transição? análise do posicionamento das subsidiárias nacionais das montadoras frente aos desafios da mobilidade urbana sustentável no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-18012017-155610/.
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Os desafios relacionados à mobilidade têm gerado diversas discussões entre todos os setores da sociedade e têm exercido influência determinante sobre o declínio da qualidade de vida das pessoas. No centro desta discussão está a dificuldade crescente em se acessar os serviços e as oportunidades presentes nas cidades em função das barreiras impostas pelos atuais padrões de mobilidade urbana. Partindo-se do entendimento de que a utilização do uso do modelo atual de mobilidade urbana é uma questão muito complexa, pois está enraizada na cultura em algumas sociedades, a pesquisa se utiliza de uma abordagem qualitativa por meio de um estudo multicasos (AB Volvo; Daimler AG; FIAT Chrysler Automobiles; PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A.; Renault S.A; Volkswagen Group AG) para avaliar como a indústria automotiva nacional se posiciona a partir de um processo de transição em que a mobilidade urbana vem enfrentando, no qual a sustentabilidade também é uma exigência da sociedade. E mais do que isso, o estudo busca avaliar se essa indústria de fato participa direta e ativamente dessa transição ou se posiciona de forma defensiva. O framework fornecido pela abordagem da Perspectiva Multi Nível ou MLP (do inglês MultiLevel Perspective) fornece uma teoria que conceitua padrões dinâmicos globais em transições sócio-técnicas por meio da combinação de conceitos como trajetórias, regimes e nichos e teoria institucional a partir do posicionamento de atores em contextos que se formam a partir de suas próprias ações. Ao apresentar o caso brasileiro e suas particularidades, a tese explora um contexto específico, de um dos principais fabricantes e mercados de consumo do mundo, mas que não conta com uma montadora de capital nacional. Ao focar as montadoras, a tese traz um recorte de um dos principais atores inseridos no processo de transição para a mobilidade urbana sustentável.The mobility challenges have generated several discussions among all sectors of society and have exercised decisive influence on the decline in the quality of life. In the center of this discussion is the increasing difficulty in accessing services and opportunities in the cities due to the barriers imposed by current patterns of urban mobility. Starting from the understanding that the use of the current mobility model is a very complex issue, because it is rooted in the culture in some societies, the research uses a qualitative approach through a multicases study (AB Volvo, Daimler AG, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, PSA Peugeot Citroën SA, Renault SA, Volkswagen Group AG) to evaluate how the national automotive industry is positioned from a transition process in which urban mobility is facing, in which sustainability is also a requirement of society. And more than that, the study aims to assess whether the fact that industry participate or directly and actively in this transition or it is positioned defensively. The framework provided by the approach of the MLP (MultiLevel Perspective) provides a theory that conceptualizes global dynamic patterns in socio-technical transitions through the combination of concepts like trajectories, schemes and niches and institutional theory from the positioning of actors in some contexts. Presenting the case of Brazil and its particularities, the thesis explores a specific context, an important manufacturer and consumer in the automotive industry, but that does not have a national automaker. By focusing on the automakers, the thesis brings a look of one of the most important actors inserted in the transition process to the sustainable urban mobility.