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Polivka, Martin, and Anna Tenselius. "Studie- och konferensresor i svensk skatterätt : En analys av rättsläget avseende avdragsgilla kostnader." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-107650.
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Varje år uppkommer nya fall där Skatteverket (SKV) tvistar med enskilda näringsidkare, bolag och arbetstagare (AT) om beskattning av studie- och konferensresor. Tvisterna uppkommer till följd av parternas olika uppfattningar angående vad som är avdragsgilla kostnader alternativt vad som ska förmånsbeskattas. Studie- och konferensresor kan, under vissa omständigheter, i sin helhet utgöra en avdragsgill kostnad för enskilda näringsidkare och bolag enligt 16 kap. inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229) (IL). Dessa omständigheter är dock begränsade och det är dessa begränsningar som utgör en betydande faktor som SKV tar hänsyn till vid en revision. I de fall SKV anser att begränsningarna är överskridna kommer resorna anses utgöra semester för de anställda och detta ger upphov till löneförmånsbeskattning hos dem. Arbetsgivaren (AG) blir samtidigt skyldig att erlägga arbetsgivaravgifter enligt 2 kap. 1 och 10 §§ socialavgiftslagen (2000:980) (SAL). Vad som ska räknas som kostnader hänförliga till en studie- eller konferensresa finns det inga särskilda bestämmelser om, utan bedöms utifrån de allmänna reglerna i 16 kap. 1 § IL. Aktiviteter eller arrangemang som inte är hänförliga till själva studie- eller konferenstiden kan komma att räknas som intern representation i enighet med 16 kap. 2 § IL. Vad som räknas till intern representation är t.ex. personalfester eller personalvård. Skillnaden mellan dessa är att det finns ett begränsningsbelopp när det gäller intern representation, vilket det inte gör gällande studie- och konferensresor. Anledningen till att nya fall ständigt uppkommer beror på oklarheter i rättsläget vad gäller dessa begräsningar och vad som överlag utgör gällande rätt för studie- och konferensresor. Detta eftersom IL saknar särskilda bestämmelser avseende dessa resor. Det finns endast ett fåtal lagrum, se kapitel 3, angående avdragsgilla kostnader och intern representation (studie- och konferensresor) som reglerar vad som i allmänhet under sådana resor är att anse som skattefria förmåner. Det bör dock påpekas att studie- och konferensresor ej faller under begreppet ”intern representation” vad gäller 11 kap. 2 § IL, till skillnad från vad som gäller i förmånssammanhang enligt 16 kap. IL. SKV har genom Skatteverkets allmänna råd (SKV A), handledningar och uttalanden försökt definiera vad som ska anses gälla för studie- och konferensresor genom vissa krav och riktlinjer. Exempelvis finns krav på antalet arbetstimmar under konferenstiden och vissa begränsningar för inslag av nöje under den interna representationen. SKV menar dock att bedömningen alltid måste ske i det enskilda fallet och härigenom återstår problemet med otydliga gränsdragningar. Uppsatsen analyserar och klargör vilka brister och oklarheter som finns på det skattemässiga området avseende studie- och konferensresor och förtydligar, med hjälp av förslag på nya bestämmelser, rättsläget ur ett de lege ferenda-perspektiv.
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Bava, Saliha. "Transforming Performances: An Intern-Reseacher's Hypertextual Journey in a Postmodern Community." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25951.
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I present the dissertation web as a montage of a postmodern inquiry of my doctoral internship and research experiences—concerns and jubilation—positioned within the discourses of postmodern, dissertation, academia, experimentalism and cyberspace innovations among others. I create a social constructionistic interactive interplay, using hypertext, among my various voices of an intern, a researcher and a person.
In the dissertation web—my inquiry—I practice the characterization of postmodernism on numerous fronts—subject of study, context of study, methodology and re-presentation of the inquiry. Implicitly and explicitly, I articulate the various characterizations of postmodernism in my inquiry by challenging the traditional research practices (metanarratives). I challenge the traditional praxis by alternate performances of research practices such as studying myself in a cultural context of an internship using the methodology of autoethnography and performance.
The hypertext docuverse is a further characterization of postmodernism in the styles and structures that are used for re-presentation of the narratives. The styles of narration I useâ such as words and graphics, prose and poetry, first person conversational texts, narratives and collages—blur the boundary of "academic" writing, literature, and art.
The hypertext is intended as a metaphorical experiential, intertextual journey of an intern and a researcher. Rather than a fixed structure, I create numerous structures of possible structures to privilege the readers' navigational choices. I anticipate that the reader's choices in the virtual space might create a sense of meaning-transformation as one traverses through the dissertation web, thus, valuing fragmentation and connection as aspects of sense-making, which are contextualized (among others) by the reader's meaning frames and my hypertextual performances.
The dissertation is submitted in three formats—exclusive dissertation web.pdf, intertextual dissertation web.pdf, and xml version. The exclusive dissertation web.pdf is a web capture in pdf format of all the "files" that compose the dissertation web created in html. The intertextual dissertation web.pdf is a web capture of my dissertation along with the capture of external web resources that contextualize my dissertation web, thus illustrating the intertextuality of hypertexts by making the dissertation part of the larger textual web.
Due to the web capture, the "docuverse" is nonlinear and the pages do not follow any particular or author predefined sequences. So, please use the internal links or the bookmarks to read or browse the dissertation web rather than scroll from the first "page" to the last "page" of the pdf formatted docuverse. The third version in xml will be made available at a later date. An html version of the dissertation is available directly from the researcher-author.
CAUTION! The links from the abstract may be broken due to archiving of the dissertation web.Ph. D.
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Åström, Melanie, and Rebecca Sahlsten. ""Leif och Billy är dumkåta byfånar" : En kvalitativ studie om hur män hemmahörande i Norrbotten upplever gestaltningen av maskulinitet och Norrbotten i tv-serien Leif och Billy." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83672.
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Denna studie har undersökt hur män som kommer från, och lever i, Norrbotten tycker att tv-serien Leif och Billy, som verkar under Sveriges Television, representerar maskulinitet och Norrbotten. För att ta reda på det har sju kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer gjorts, där intervjupersonerna är män i 20 till 50 årsåldern. Intervjupersonerna har tagit del av klipp och avsnitt från serien innan intervjutillfällena. Syftet med undersökningen har varit att ta reda på hur männen ser på maskuliniteten som serien representerar, om det förekommer stereotyper i representationen av Norrbotten samt om männen kan relatera serien till sina egna verklighet. Det med tv-serien som grund och utgångspunkt. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ undersökning som från teori om representation, intern orientalism samt maskulinitet analyseras. Analysen av respondenternas utsagor har resulterat i fyra stycken övergripande teman; norrbottniska stereotyper, landsbygden kontra det urbana, alfahannens känslor och verklighetsförankringen. Centralt i undersökningen är respondenternas upplevelse av att Leif och Billy porträtterar stereotyper i Norrbotten i form av bland annat deras intressen och ekonomiska situation. Studien visar även att respondenterna upplever att det finns en maskulinitet präglad av aggression och en strävan efter en roll som alfahanne hos karaktärerna.
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Johansson, Fanny. "En splittrad identitet : En analys av filmen Populärmusik från Vittula och dess representation av minne och identitet i Tornedalen." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filmvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-181019.
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Minnet av minoritetspolitiken i Sverige under 1800-talet och en stor del av 1900-talet harpåverkat den tornedalska identiteten och lämnat efter sig en känsla av utanförskap ochtudelning hos befolkningen. Populärkulturen spelar en betydande roll i att förmedla minnenoch skildra den representerade gruppens identitet och i att påverka identitetsskapandet hosåskådaren. Detta sker i representationens gestaltning samt omfattning, och filmenPopulärmusik från Vittula (Reza Bagher, 2004) är en av få spelfilmer som utspelar sig iTornedalen. Den här studien undersöker representationen av befolkning, miljö och språk iTornedalen samt relationen mellan nationell och regional identitet i filmen och på vilka sättintern orientalism och postkolonialism framträder i materialet. Filmens bildspråk och handlinganalyseras utifrån kritisk diskursanalys, semiotisk bildanalys, filmpoetisk analys samt KristinaBoréus analysfrågor som formats efter denna studies syfte och frågeställningar. Utifrån teorierkring representation, stereotyper och normer, identitet och minne, postkolonialism, internorientalism samt konceptet sårbarhet studeras gestaltningen av identitet i filmen och hur ettkulturellt minne skapas och förmedlas. Analysen visar att filmens narrativ, stil, framställning av karaktärer, val av inspelningsplatsoch språkbruk bidrar till att förmedla en splittring i identiteten hos den tornedalskabefolkningen som kommit till av tvåspråkigheten, känslan av att vara både finsk och svenskoch en paradoxal inställning till den egna kulturen. Gestaltningen av utanförskap, skam ochtraumatiska sårbara minnen i filmen blir en tydlig identitetsskapande effekt. En mobiliseringav konceptet sårbarhet bidrar till identifikation med karaktärerna och därmed Tornedalenskollektiva minne och identitet. De tema som filmen berör, som exempelvis identitetsförlust,utanförskap, diskriminering, exploatering och våld, bidrar till en stärkt individuell ochkollektiv identitet och som genom att delas i filmen blir ett kulturellt minne som förmedlas tillgruppen som representeras, samt till övriga grupper.
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LE, DAMANY DAVID MARIE-AGNES. "Representation du personnel et communication interne." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN11032.
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En france, les relations sociales sont traditionnellement organisee de maniere legale. Depuis le debut des annees 1970, les entreprises developpent progressivement une communication interne, ceci afin de favoriser un dialogue direct avec les salaries et de developper un management de type participatif. Le rapprochement de la representation du personnel et de la communication interne, jamais realise jusque la, est effectue dans un premier temps sur le plan juridique et theorique. La verification de ce rapprochement theorique est ensuite realisee sur la base de nombreuses enquetes. Il apparait que l'existence d'une representation du personnel legale est facilitee dans les entreprises pratiquant un management ouvert a la participation des salaries. Mais, il apparait egalement que lorsque l'entreprise met en pratique une veritable strategie de communication interne, les instances de representation et les syndicats ne sont plus au centre des relations sociales dans l'entreprise, et ceci au profit des salaries et de leur encadrementIn french firms, social relations are traditionally ruled by law. Since 1970, firms developp an inner communication, in order to make easier a straight talk to employees and to devellop a sharing management. Joining social relations and inner communication is first realised on a juridically ant theoretically point of vue. Then, to verifie this joining, many investigations are used. It appears that representative instances exist more in sharing management firms. When firms practice corporate communication, representative instaces and trade's unions are no more the center of social relations, and this situation profits to employee and their staff
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Ravi, Sanjay. "Inter-pulse interval based mixed signal representations/." Full text open access at:, 2008. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,656.
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Edwards, Jason Thomas. "The role of racial climate in the effects of Latino immigration on the representation of Latinos and African-Americans on local school boards." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53553.
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This dissertation analyzes the effects of Latino immigration on the representation of Latinos and African-Americans on local school boards and attempts to explain under what conditions Latino immigrants provoke opposition among whites. I consider two measures of representation based on representative bureaucracy—the membership of Latinos and African-Americans on school boards and bias in the responsiveness of white school board members toward these two groups. Whites as the major racial group in the U.S. have been the subject of much intergroup relations research focusing on competition for scarce resources, perceived threat and group biases (e.g., Evans and Giles, 1986; Giles and Evans, 1985, 1986; Esses, Jackson and Armstrong, 1998), and I also focus on their racial behaviors as voters in school board elections and as school board members. I consider Latino immigration in this research because emerging evidence suggests that Latino immigration poses a growing threat to whites, leading them to shift their support from Latinos to a countervailing group, such as African-Americans (e.g., Meier and Stewart, 1991; Rocha, 2007).
First, I examine whether Latino immigration into a community affects the support of white citizens for Latino or African-American membership on school boards. Second, I examine whether white school board members also are influenced by Latino immigration in their responsiveness to Latino and African-American parents.
It is likely that the reactions of whites to Latino immigration are conditioned by their preexisting racial attitudes, so this dissertation also tests competing theories of community racial climate—group threat and group contact. I expect that racial tensions within a community should moderate the influence of Latino immigration on these two forms of Latino and African-American representation.
Overall, this dissertation expands the study of representative bureaucracy by combining past research on community racial climates with conditions influencing minority representation. In addition to examining the determinants of passive representation, this dissertation links expectations of the racial behavior of white citizens with the behavior of white school board members by considering the possibility that school board members express “discriminatory intent” (Mendez and Grose, 2014) on non-policy related matters. A better understanding of the determinants of public officials’ personal biases should help to explain the targeting of substantive policy benefits to minorities, which is the focus of much other representative bureaucracy research. While I base my analysis of school board membership on inferences of white voter behavior from aggregate election results, I directly measure white school board member responsiveness using data gathered from a novel randomized field experiment and e-mail audit design. Representative bureaucracy researchers have called for more of this type of individual-level data to help explain minority advocacy (Bradbury and Kellough, 2011).
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Sandenbergh, Rob. "AIDS/representation and psychological practice : (inter)subjectivity in HIV counselling." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13501.
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Bibliography: leaves 52-63.This study undertakes a discourse analysis of a counselling session with an HIV positive man. Literature, informed by post-structuralism, on the representations and practices that surround the HIV/AIDS epidemic is examined as a background to the study. Self psychological theory concerning mourning, the psychodynamic consequences of having AIDS and selfobject phantasies is examined. This theory is criticised for ignoring the content of phantasies as well as the imbrication of the subject within the social. In an attempt to address these gaps theorisation of stigma and gendered development is introduced, as well as Hollway's (1984) broadly Foucauldian notions of investment in subject positionings. A multiple theoretical position conceptualising counselling as (inter)subjective process re-producing particular subject positionings is developed. The relations between various subject positions are described, drawing on self psychological theory to consider the investments the participants in the session may have had in each position. The analytic reading suggests that in the elaboration of particular selfobject phantasies the HIV positive client is able to cohese his sense of self and to disavow a knowing of himself as a stigmatised person with AIDS. The counsellor, through subject positionings which are in conjuncture with those of the client, disavows a knowing of the client as a person with AIDS. Through these positionings a necessary allusion of attunement is produced, allowing the counsellor to mirror the client. From this analysis various implications for consultation, supervision and training are drawn. The study .suggests that multiple ways in which HIV I AIDS is represented requires psychologists to explore their own positionings with regards to salient HIV/AIDS related issues, as these positionings have effects in work in this field.
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Athavale, Prashant Vinayak. "Novel integro-differential schemes for multiscale image representation." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9691.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Applied Mathematics & Statistics, and Scientific Computation Program. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Yang, Wanzhong. "Granule-based knowledge representation for intra and inter transaction association mining." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30398/.
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Abstract
With the phenomenal growth of electronic data and information, there are many demands for the development of efficient and effective systems (tools) to perform the issue of data mining tasks on multidimensional databases. Association rules describe associations between items in the same transactions (intra) or in different transactions (inter). Association mining attempts to find interesting or useful association rules in databases: this is the crucial issue for the application of data mining in the real world. Association mining can be used in many application areas, such as the discovery of associations between customers’ locations and shopping behaviours in market basket analysis.
Association mining includes two phases. The first phase, called pattern mining, is the discovery of frequent patterns. The second phase, called rule generation, is the discovery of interesting and useful association rules in the discovered patterns. The first phase, however, often takes a long time to find all frequent patterns; these also include much noise. The second phase is also a time consuming activity that can generate many redundant rules.
To improve the quality of association mining in databases, this thesis provides an alternative technique, granule-based association mining, for knowledge discovery in databases, where a granule refers to a predicate that describes common features of a group of transactions. The new technique first transfers transaction databases into basic decision tables, then uses multi-tier structures to integrate pattern mining and rule generation in one phase for both intra and inter transaction association rule mining. To evaluate the proposed new technique, this research defines the concept of meaningless rules by considering the co-relations between data-dimensions for intratransaction-association rule mining. It also uses precision to evaluate the effectiveness of intertransaction association rules. The experimental results show that the proposed technique is promising.
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Oralkan, Gaye A. "An object-oriented design intent externalization and representation model for cost estimating applications." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-125049/.
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Kim, Joo-Kyung. "Linguistic Knowledge Transfer for Enriching Vector Representations." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500571436042414.
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Chen, Shizhong. "Developing an inter-organisational knowledge transfer framework for SMEs." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/314086.
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This thesis aims to develop an inter-organisational knowledge transfer (KT) framework for SMEs, to help them have better understanding of the process of the KT between a SME and its customer (or supplier). The motivation is that knowledge management issues in SMEs is very neglected, which is not in line with the importance of SMEs in the UK national economy; moreover, compared to KT within an organisation, between organisations is more complicated, harder to understand, and has received much less attention. Firstly, external knowledge is generally believed to be of prime importance for SMEs. However, there is little empirical evidence to confirm this hypothesis. In order to empirically evaluate the hypothesis, and also specifically to identify SMEs' needs for external knowledge, a mail questionnaire survey is carried out. Then, based on the key findings of the survey, some 5MB managers are interviewed. The conclusions triangulated from both the key findings and the interview results strongly support the hypothesis, and demonstrate that SMEs have very strong needs for inter-organisational KT, and thus provide very strong empirical underpinning for the necessity of the development of the framework. Secondly, drawing support from a process view, a four-stage process model was proposed for inter-organisational KT. Then a co-ordinating mechanism underpinned by social networks and organisational learning is developed. The process model, co-ordinating mechanism together with cultural difference between organisations constitute an initial framework. Through interviews with SME managers, the initial framework is revised a final framework. The framework validation exercise shows that the final framework could help SMEs have better understanding of the KT. In order to remind and help SMEs to address the 'boundary paradox' embedded in interorganisational KT, and further reflect its complexities and difficulties, the important factors related to each stage of the framework are identified from a strategic perspective, with the help of the co-ordinating mechanism and relevant literature. The factors are also verified by interviews in SMEs. As a result, the initial factors are revised by removing the factors that are perceived as unimportant. The interview results demonstrate that the important factors, as a checklist, can remind and help SMEs to address the 'paradox', and are thus very useful for them.
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Ribeiro, Joseane Alves. "Cities of love: olhares cinematográficos sobre as cidades e o amor." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3635.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Since the first philosophers and thinkers, love has been the target of curiosity and has became a topic widely explor ed in dif fer ent ar eas, and in movies, love is always one of the most r ecurr ent themes. Mor e r ecently the same eyes seem to have tur ned their focus to the cities. They have been the center of debates in various ar eas of knowledge, and occupy an incr easingly impor tant r ole in film narratives, not only appearing as a backdr op but being par t of the narrative as pr otagonists. Love and cities star in the r ecent pr oductions of Cities of Love , a franchise of films by Fr ench filmmaker Emmanuel Benbihy , whose aim is to por tray love in the big cities. Paris, je t'aime (2006) and New Y ork, I love you (2009), both for med by a collection of small stories about love in each of the r espective cities, pr ovide images of the city , love, cultural diversity , the self and others. Fr om the observation of the film and with the aid of studies in the fields of communication, cinema and sociology , concepts such as multiculturalism and inter culturalism, and film analysis as methodology , this paper aims to investigate the r epr esentation of for eigners in the films, focusing on ethnic and racial identities.
Desde os primeir os filósofos e pensador es, o sentimento amor foi alvo de curiosidade e tor nou-se um tema amplamente explorado em difer entes ár eas, sendo que no cinema ele sempr e faz par te das temáticas mais r ecorr entes. Mais r ecentemente os mesmos olhar es par ecem ter voltado seu foco para as cidades. Elas têm sido o centr o de debates em diversas ár eas do conhecimento, e ocupam um papel cada vez mais impor tante nas narrativas cinematográficas, deixando de apar ecer apenas como cenário e para tor nar -sem par te da narrativa como pr otagonistas. Amor e cidade pr otagonizam as r ecentes pr oduções de Cities of Love , uma franquia de filmes do cineasta francês Emmanuel Benbihy , cujo objetivo é r etratar o amor nas grandes cidades. Paris, je t'aime (2006) e New Y ork, I love you (2009), ambos for mados por uma compilação de pequenas narrativas sobr e o amor em cada uma das r espectivas cidades, nos for necem imagens da cidade, do amor , da diversidade cultural, do eu e do outr o. A par tir da observação dos filmes e com o auxílio de estudos nos campos da comunicação, do cinema e da sociologia, de conceitos como multiculturalismo e inter culturalidade, e da análise fílmica, este trabalho pr etende investigar as r epr esentações do outr o no cinema, especialmente das identidades étnicas e raciais.
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Ellefson, Merja. "Staten är vår herde god : Representationer av annorlundahet och ordning i fyra svenska trettiotalstidningar." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Journalism, Media and Communication (JMK), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7193.
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The aim is to study representation of order and otherness in the late 1930's Swedish press. That is, who are envisioned as "us" and who are the "Others"? The theoretical frame is based on Foucault’s concepts of pastoral power, the reason of state and biopolitics. The Good Shepherd is an excellent metaphor for the Nordic-style welfare state and the Foucauldian approach fits well with the social Darwinist and race biological metaphors of the time. Furthermore, news, myths and law articulate public morality and belong to disciplining, naturalizing and normalizing discourses. The symbolic boundaries between “We” and “Them” are outlined and modes of thinking, acceptable ways of behavior, and possible solutions for existing problems are provided.
The material examined consists of four Stockholm-based newspapers Dagens Nyheter, Stockholms-Tidningen, Svenska Dagbladet and Social-Demokraten. The years studied are 1935 and 1938. The quantitative content analysis is based on a selection of four months from each year. The articles are coded according to a theme and the characteristics of the actors. Gripsrud’s version of Propp’s actant model is used to examine the narrative structure of the stories. Linguistic tools, such as ideational and interpersonal functions, are used to analyze the individual texts.
The groups depicted as deviant include religious sects, ethnic minorities, foreigners, criminals and political activists on the extreme right and extreme left. A number of articles discuss various social problems in more general terms. Quantitatively more than eighty percent of the material consists of crime news. Approximately five percent of the articles are about ethnic minorities and foreigners. Religious sects and political extremists constitute about one percent each and roughly ten percent of the material is about social problems.
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Souza, Laura Alves de. "AnÃlise das representaÃÃes sociais da comunidade interna da Universidade Federal do Cearà acerca da auto-avaliaÃÃo institucional." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3587.
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nÃo hÃO objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a cultura avaliativa na Universidade Federal do CearÃ, tendo como base as representaÃÃes sociais dos diversos segmentos das unidades acadÃmicas dos campi de Fortaleza, que participaram do Ciclo de AvaliaÃÃo Institucional 2005/2006 e do ENADE 2008. Procuramos compreender que representaÃÃes sociais existem sobre a AvaliaÃÃo Institucional na UFC, qual o grau de conhecimento sobre o Sistema Nacional de AvaliaÃÃo da EducaÃÃo Superior (SINAES), qual a participaÃÃo da comunidade interna no processo de auto-avaliaÃÃo e que representaÃÃes os alunos e Coordenadores de curso tÃm do Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes (ENADE). A base empÃrica desta investigaÃÃo foi realizada na Universidade Federal do CearÃ, mais especificamente nas unidades acadÃmicas dos campi de Fortaleza que participaram do ciclo de AvaliaÃÃo Institucional 2005/2006 e nos cursos de graduaÃÃo selecionados para o ENADE 2008. Utilizamos como sujeitos da pesquisa os atores sociais que integram os diversos segmentos acadÃmicos da UFC: gestores, coordenadores, servidores tÃcnico-administrativos e alunos. Pela especificidade deste estudo, de natureza exploratÃria e descritiva, utilizamos o mÃtodo indutivo, o que nos permitiu uma anÃlise do particular para o geral, ou seja, a realizaÃÃo de inferÃncias sobre as representaÃÃes especÃficas de cada sujeito para a realidade da UFC. Como instrumento mais adequado à pesquisa de campo, utilizamos o questionÃrio previamente estruturado por temas: para os gestores e tÃcnico-administrativos, indagamos sobre o SINAES e a participaÃÃo da comunidade interna no processo de Auto-AvaliaÃÃo Institucional da UFC; para os coordenadores e alunos, sobre o ENADE e a participaÃÃo discente no referido exame. Ao analisar as representaÃÃes de cada segmento, concluÃmos que elas tÃm um carÃter especÃfico, nÃo pelo fato de serem subjetivas, mas pela prÃpria dinÃmica social das condiÃÃes nas quais se produzem e reproduzem. As representaÃÃes dos gestores, coordenadores, tÃcnicoadministrativos e alunos apresentam especificidades em relaÃÃo à inserÃÃo social e aos interesses inerentes de cada segmento.
The objective of this research was to examine the evaluative culture at the Federal University of Cearà based on social representations of the various segments of the *campi* academic units of Fortaleza, which participated in the Institutional Assessment Cycle 2005/2006 and ENADE 2008. We have tried to understand which are the social representations about the Institutional Evaluation of UFC, which is the knowledge level about the National System of Evaluation of Higher Education (SINAES) the internal community participation in the process of self-evaluation, which representations the students and coordinators of course have in the Students National Review of Performance (ENADE).The empirical basis of this research was conducted at the Federal University of CearÃ, specifically in the academic units of the *campi* in Fortaleza that participated in the Institutional Assessment cycle of 2005/2006 and in undergraduate courses selected for the ENADE 2008. We used as subjects of the research social actors that integrate the various academic segments of the UFC: managers, supervisors, servants, technical administrative staff and students. Due to the specificity of this research, which has exploratory and descriptive nature, we used the inductive method which allowed us to make an analysis from the particular to the general, or make inferences from specific representations of each subject to the reality of the UFC. As the most appropriate instrument to use in the field research we used a questionnaire, previously structured by themes: for managers and technical administrative staff we made an investigation about the SINAES and the participation of internal community in the process of Institutional self-Evaluation of UFC and for the coordinators and students on the ENADE and studentsâ participation in the examination. In considering the representations of each segment we found out that they have a specific character, not for the fact of being subjective, but for the social dynamics to which they are produced and reproduced. The managers, coordinators, technical administrators and studentsâ representation present specificities concerning social insertion and interests which are inherent to each segment.
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Souza, Mônica Maria Martins de. "Comunicação interna na empresa e loucura corporativa: Um estudo de caso." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4455.
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Previous issue date: 2005-10-25Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The purpose of this work is to analyze the relationship among people, employment and madness. The internal and external rules and communications of the companies define attitudes and the labor activity in a way that orchestrate the relations among employees. Because the demands of the job are imposed through ritual habits, which are based in the maintenance of the employee s behavior, this relationship between people and companies generates goods, but also can drive to madness. In a context based in profits, the companies expect their employees to work like actors in mechanical rules, performing regular and repetitive actions. The company becomes a stage of coercion, keeping workers because it appropriates their possibilities of survival. Two distinctive symbolic universes act on this stage: the corporative culture and the employee culture, which results in new corporate bonds and rearranged social bonds. Such bonds, where the people s beliefs and myths are, live on what Ivan Bystrina calls first reality , that contains their basic survival necessities, and on the second reality , that means their symbolic world in the author s conception, where are the human beliefs, fantasies, dreams and hope of professional and personal realization. Submitted to the pressure of rules, people get into conflicts and get so upset that they can become mad, being madness one of the roots of culture. People can loose, in this process, their conscience, or the ability to distinguish reality from imagination. This kind of symptom is observed in the study case Herbalife.
A investigação tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre os homens, o trabalho e a loucura. A relação vivenciada no espaço organizacional é orquestrada pela comunicação interna da empresa que, através das normas internas e externas, define atitudes e rege a atividade laboral. Pelo fato do comportamento desejado pela empresa ser imposto aos funcionários através de hábitos ritualizados, pautados pela manutenção das atitudes dos que querem manter os vínculos profissionais, a relação entre os homens e a empresa tanto gera trabalho como também produz loucura. Neste contexto, determinado por fins lucrativos, a corporação treina insistentemente seus homens e faz com que trabalhem como atores que representam mecanicamente determinados papéis. Como esta representação é pautada por gestos e ritmos repetidos com regularidade em vista da consolidação de metas, a empresa se transforma em palco de coerção e mantêm os funcionários porque captura deles as necessidades de sobrevivência reais e possíveis. Neste palco contracenam dinamicamente dois universos simbólicos distintos: a cultura corporativa e a cultura do funcionário. Nessa arena de enfrentamento cultural e produção de bens ou serviços são construídos e reconstruídos novos vínculos corporativos que funcionam como rearranjos dos vínculos sociais. Estes vínculos, com raízes onto e filogenéticas, são balizados por mitos e crenças de que no universo do trabalho os homens alimentam seu mundo real, a primeira realidade na concepção de Ivan Bystrina, composto de necessidades básicas de sobrevivência, e o seu mundo simbólico, a segunda realidade, composto de crenças, fantasias, sonhos e esperanças de realização pessoal e profissional. Submetidos às pressões das normas, os homens entram em conflito e enredados por uma das raízes da cultura, os estados alterados de consciência, se perdem de si mesmos resvalando o universo da loucura real ou imaginária. Indícios deste processo são observados no estudo de caso da empresa Herbalife.
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SOUZA, Laura Alves de. "Análise das representações sociais da comunidade interna da Universidade Federal do Ceará acerca da auto-avaliação institucional." http://www.teses.ufc, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/2793.
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SOUZA, Laura Alves. Análise das representações sociais da comunidade interna da Universidade Federal do Ceará acerca da auto-avaliação institucional. 2009. 203 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Políticas Públicas e Gestão da Educação Superior) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas e Gestão da Educação Superior, Fortaleza-CE, 2009.Submitted by moises gomes (celtinha_malvado@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-21T13:34:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_LASouza.pdf: 1063195 bytes, checksum: 7f7dfab6bfc80437999ad5f15a03b0c7 (MD5)
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The objective of this research was to examine the evaluative culture at the Federal University of Ceará based on social representations of the various segments of the *campi* academic units of Fortaleza, which participated in the Institutional Assessment Cycle 2005/2006 and ENADE 2008. We have tried to understand which are the social representations about the Institutional Evaluation of UFC, which is the knowledge level about the National System of Evaluation of Higher Education (SINAES) the internal community participation in the process of self-evaluation, which representations the students and coordinators of course have in the Students National Review of Performance (ENADE).The empirical basis of this research was conducted at the Federal University of Ceará, specifically in the academic units of the *campi* in Fortaleza that participated in the Institutional Assessment cycle of 2005/2006 and in undergraduate courses selected for the ENADE 2008. We used as subjects of the research social actors that integrate the various academic segments of the UFC: managers, supervisors, servants, technical administrative staff and students. Due to the specificity of this research, which has exploratory and descriptive nature, we used the inductive method which allowed us to make an analysis from the particular to the general, or make inferences from specific representations of each subject to the reality of the UFC. As the most appropriate instrument to use in the field research we used a questionnaire, previously structured by themes: for managers and technical administrative staff we made an investigation about the SINAES and the participation of internal community in the process of Institutional self-Evaluation of UFC and for the coordinators and students on the ENADE and students’ participation in the examination. In considering the representations of each segment we found out that they have a specific character, not for the fact of being subjective, but for the social dynamics to which they are produced and reproduced. The managers, coordinators, technical administrators and students’ representation present specificities concerning social insertion and interests which are inherent to each segment.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a cultura avaliativa na Universidade Federal do Ceará, tendo como base as representações sociais dos diversos segmentos das unidades acadêmicas dos campi de Fortaleza, que participaram do Ciclo de Avaliação Institucional 2005/2006 e do ENADE 2008. Procuramos compreender que representações sociais existem sobre a Avaliação Institucional na UFC, qual o grau de conhecimento sobre o Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (SINAES), qual a participação da comunidade interna no processo de auto-avaliação e que representações os alunos e Coordenadores de curso têm do Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes (ENADE). A base empírica desta investigação foi realizada na Universidade Federal do Ceará, mais especificamente nas unidades acadêmicas dos campi de Fortaleza que participaram do ciclo de Avaliação Institucional 2005/2006 e nos cursos de graduação selecionados para o ENADE 2008. Utilizamos como sujeitos da pesquisa os atores sociais que integram os diversos segmentos acadêmicos da UFC: gestores, coordenadores, servidores técnico-administrativos e alunos. Pela especificidade deste estudo, de natureza exploratória e descritiva, utilizamos o método indutivo, o que nos permitiu uma análise do particular para o geral, ou seja, a realização de inferências sobre as representações específicas de cada sujeito para a realidade da UFC. Como instrumento mais adequado à pesquisa de campo, utilizamos o questionário previamente estruturado por temas: para os gestores e técnico-administrativos, indagamos sobre o SINAES e a participação da comunidade interna no processo de Auto-Avaliação Institucional da UFC; para os coordenadores e alunos, sobre o ENADE e a participação discente no referido exame. Ao analisar as representações de cada segmento, concluímos que elas têm um caráter específico, não pelo fato de serem subjetivas, mas pela própria dinâmica social das condições nas quais se produzem e reproduzem. As representações dos gestores, coordenadores, técnicoadministrativos e alunos apresentam especificidades em relação à inserção social e aos interesses inerentes de cada segmento.
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Dufour, Lucas. "Idéologie et représentation journalistique. Pour une analyse de l'information relevant de la critique sociale. L'exemple de l'actualité internationale sur les ondes de France Inter." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030114.
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Les sciences sociales contemporaines adoptent, en grande partie, un point de vue relativiste : il n’est de réalité que dans sa construction. Conséquence de cette orientation, les conditions de possibilité de la critique du réel tiendraient de la seule analyse de cette « construction ». Autrement dit, le questionnement de la représentation dispense d’interroger le réel représenté. C’est ainsi qu’aux « rapports sociaux » qui permettaient jadis, en référence à la théorie marxiste de la valeur, de comprendre le mouvement de l’histoire et ses phénomènes s’est substitué un questionnement du discours, lieu ultime de façonnement du réel… L’objectif de notre recherche est de réinscrire la question de l’analyse de la représentation journalistique dans la réaffirmation matérialiste de l’existence, extérieure, objective, contradictoire, du réel représenté et, sur cette base, d’entreprendre un travail critique d’élucidation et de compréhension de la nature de sa représentation. Fondamentalement, c’est la question de l’idéologie telle que Marx la posait qui nous paraît le mieux aborder, de manière non spéculative, la problématique de la transparence et de l’opacité de la représentation, le concept d’« idéologie » permettant précisément d’en questionner la nature. Après l’avoir définie et avoir pris connaissance de ses évolutions, et en nous inspirant notamment des travaux de Bertell Ollman sur la dialectique matérialiste, nous nous proposons de vérifier la valeur heuristique de cette notion grâce à l’analyse de trois événements internationaux traités sur les ondes de France Inter. L’information paraissait devoir être considérée pour elle-même, nous souhaitons montrer qu’il est possible de la renvoyer à la réalité dont elle prétend nous informer, qu’il est possible de l’aborder dans sa faculté à dire – ou à taire – le réelContemporary social sciences have adopted a relativistic outlook. The primary argument which today prevails is that reality does not exist outside our own construction of it. In this regard, any meaningful analysis or critique of “representations”, in so far as the reality which they describe does not pre-date them, now excludes any analysis of that material reality. The conditions for any critique of reality thus involve only an analysis of the “construction”. Such analysis also prevails in studies of “social relations” which heretofore assisted, with reference to the Marxist theory of value, in an understanding of historical movements and phenomena but which have now been replaced with the approach of “discourse analysis”, discourse being the final retreat in the construction of reality. This study purports to re-anchor the analysis of journalistic representation in a materialist reassertion of the exterior, objective, and contradictory existence of reality as represented by the media. It thus will attempt a critical analysis aimed at clarifying and articulating the nature of this representation. Fundamentally, it is, we think, through Marx’s concept of ideology that the problematic surrounding the transparency or opaqueness of this representation can best be approached, as Marx’s concept permits one to discern its nature more precisely. After defining this notion and exploring its development, especially in the light of Bertell Ollman’s work on dialectical materialism, this work endeavours to assess its heuristic value by analysing three international events reported by the French national radio station “France Inter”. Information tends to be considered in and of itself; our study will seek to demonstrate that it can be analyzed directly by reference to the reality which it purports to represent; and in terms of its ability to express – or conceal – reality
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SOUSA, HELENA MASSOTE DE MOURA E. "THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES AND THE COLLECTIVE COMMITMENT WITH REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY: FROM THE SANTIAGO COMMITMENT TO THE INTER-AMERICAN DEMOCRATIC CHARTER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10852@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Esta dissertação observa o desenvolvimento do compromisso coletivo com a democracia representativa no âmbito da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA). Uma descrição dos casos em que a OEA atuou na promoção e defesa da democracia a partir da aprovação da Resolução 1080 e do Compromisso de Santiago é dada e permite o acompanhamento da criação de mecanismos de ação coletiva e a instituição de práticas que constituem o que se chamou de paradigma democrático nas Américas. O instrumental teórico do institucionalismo histórico oferece uma alternativa às análises realistas, racionalistas e funcionalistas sobre o papel da variável institucional no desenvolvimento desse paradigma.
This dissertation observes the development of a collective commitment with representative democracy within the Organization of American States (OAS) from the 1990`s onward. A descriptive analysis of the cases in which the OAS acted for the promotion and defense of democracy is therefore given and allows the following of the creation of collective action mechanisms as well as the institution of practices that constitute what can be called a democratic solidarity paradigm in the hemisphere. The theoretical tools of historical institutionalism offer an alternative to realist, rationalist and functionalist analysis of the role of the institutional variable on the development of this paradigm.
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SERINO, SILVIA. "SPAZIO INTERNO ED ESTERNO: IL RUOLO DEI SISTEMI DI RIFERIMENTO SPAZIALI EGOCENTRICO E ALLOCENTRICO NELLA COGNIZIONE UMANA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6214.
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La domanda "Che cos’è lo spazio?" è sempre stata un tema centrale per la filosofia, ed è diventata di interesse anche per la psicologia cognitiva e per le neuroscienze, con una domanda cruciale strettamente legata: "Dove sono io?". Lo sforzo per collegare le risposte a queste due domande mira proprio a comprendere la complessa relazione che esiste tra lo spazio interno ed esterno, che è l'obiettivo finale di questo lavoro. L'idea è che la nostra posizione nel mondo influenzi fortemente il modo in cui codifichiamo, archiviamo e recuperiamo dalla memoria un layout spaziale. Inoltre, questo layout spaziale serve da impalcatura che vincola tutte le informazioni relative al nostro passato, presente e futuro, e tutte le esperienze legate al nostro corpo. All’interno di un approccio enattivo, si suggerisce una sincronizzazione continua (cioè, il “mental frame syncing") tra una rappresentazione allocentrica indipendente dal punto di vista allocentrica (i.e. che include solo relazioni oggetto-oggetto astratte) e una rappresentazione allocentrica dipendente dal punto di vista (i.e. che include informazioni sulla nostra direzione egocentrica attuale) possa permettere di posizionare il corpo nello “spazio memorizzato” rendendo più semplice la traduzione di questo in un “lived space” di cui si necessita per navigare, per ricordare il passato e per sentire il corpo. Sulla base di queste premesse teoriche, quattro studi sperimentali saranno presentati per studiare il ruolo del mental frame syncing come un principio di allineamento centrato sull’osservatore nei processi di codifica e di recupero delle informazioni.The question "What is space?" has always been a central topic for philosophy, and a closely linked crucial question becomes of interest for cognitive psychology and neuroscience, that is "Where am I?" The efforts to answer these two questions are means to better understanding of the complex relation between the outer and the inner space, which is the final goal of this work. The idea is that that our bodily position in the world strongly affects the way in which we encode, store and retrieve a spatial layout. Moreover, this spatial layout serves as a scaffold, binding all the information of our past, present, future and body-related experiences. Within an enactive approach, it is suggested that this continuous synchronization (namely, the “mental frame syncing”) of an allocentric viewpoint-independent representation (i.e. including only abstract object-to-object relations) and an allocentric viewpoint-dependent representation (i.e. comprising information about our current heading) may permit to place current bodily position in the “memorized space" making easy the translation of it into a “lived space” that it is needed to navigate, remember the past and feel the body. On these theoretical premises, four experimental studies will be presented to investigate the role of mental frame syncing as an alignment principle centred on observer the processes of encoding and retrieval of information
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Silva, Vera Lucia da. "Ensino e aprendizagem de problemas de produto cartesiano: inter-relações entre diferentes representações." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11105.
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Previous issue date: 2006-11-16Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
This research is about a teaching project aiming at mastering abilities and concepts related to the solution of problems of Cartesian product. The selected population were students of 4th Grade from a State School in the eastern region of the city of São Paulo. Our reference is the G. Vergnaud Conceptual Fields Theory and we took in consideration theoretical elements from researchers interested in studying the multiplicative reasoning. Data were collected from continuous observation and evaluation of the students performance, from the analyses of the materials produced by them and from interviews. The activities were designed with the intent of establishing connections between adding and multiplying processes and the processes involved in the determination of all the pairs of the Cartesian product. These connections become evident when represented by means of spatial relations promoting the evolution of non-conventional representations, produced by the students, to conventional representations, in Cartesian graphics and tree diagrams. The major contributions of this research for understanding the cognitive operations involved in solving Cartesian product problems are the repertory of non-conventional processes, employed by the selected group of participants, and their justification, and the analyses of the phenomena that occur in the passage from one to the other of the different representations of the Cartesian product. This research also offers contribution for the training of elementary education teachers
Nesta pesquisa, desenvolvemos uma proposta de ensino voltada ao domínio de competências e conceitos, relativos à resolução de problemas de multiplicação cartesiana. A população selecionada foi constituída por alunos de uma classe de 4a série do Ensino Fundamental, de uma Escola Estadual localizada da zona leste do Estado de São Paulo. Tomamos como referência a Teoria dos Campos Conceituais, de G. Vergnaud, e consideramos elementos teóricos de pesquisadores que desenvolvem pesquisas sobre o pensamento multiplicativo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de registro e avaliação contínua do comportamento dos alunos no desenvolvimento das atividades, da análise do material produzido por eles e de entrevistas, entre outros. No desenvolvimento das atividades, buscamos estabelecer conexões entre procedimentos aditivos e multiplicativos e os processos envolvidos na determinação de todos os pares do produto cartesiano. Essas conexões foram ressaltadas ao serem representadas por meio de relações espaciais, promovendo a evolução de representações não convencionais, produzidas pelos alunos, para representações convencionais, em gráficos cartesianos e de árvore . Como principais contribuições desta pesquisa para a compreensão das operações cognitivas envolvidas na resolução de problemas de produto cartesiano, ressalte-se: o levantamento de um repertório de procedimentos não convencionais empregados pela classe selecionada e suas justificativas, a análise de fenômenos ocorridos na passagem de uma para outra das diferentes representações do produto cartesiano. A pesquisa oferece, igualmente, contribuições para a formação de professores do ensino fundamental
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Oliveira, Mario Cesar Pereira. "A cidade histórica de Laranjeiras (SE) : inter-relações entre o patrimônio material e o imaterial." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2012. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3178.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe work aims to analyze the interrelationships between the tangible and intangible heritage of Laranjeiras from the identity processes of your agency as a historic city. The analysis of this quaint town declared a heritage monument by its architecture, but also marked the town because it have the greater number of folk groups from Sergipe, what reveals the differences and similarities between these elements in the construction process for its users by giving a representation status sheet. They are both tangible and intangible, but enshrine their differences from the diversity of ethnic and cultural references in speeches made on the history of the city together constitute what is called Material and Intangible Heritage, a broader cultural system. The ritual action of folklore takes as the stage the ritual architecture of the city, both expressive of the social organization of the city, its historical processes, conflicts, negotiations, speeches and their identity established on the property, thus ultimately be effective in a form of expression of the culture of the city manipulated by its users as related to memory and history. The whole sheet is presented as a total social fact, a collective representation of the city that brings into play their own cultural relations of the city and is set in its study that it is possible to understand more broadly the diversity and the internal and external relations of the cultural system of the city.
O trabalho se propõea analisar inter-relações entre o patrimônio material e imaterial da Laranjeiras a partir dos processos identitários de seu agenciamento enquanto cidadehistórica. A análise dessa peculiar cidade monumento tombada como patrimônio por sua arquitetura, mas também marcada por ser a cidade como maior número de grupos folclóricos de Sergipe-nos revela as divergências e convergências entre esses elementos no processode construção pelos seus usuários de uma representação através da atribuição de status patrimonialpelos seus usuários. Ambos são materiais e imateriais, mas resguardam suas diferençasa partir da diversidade dereferencias étnico-culturaisem discursos constituídos sobre a história da cidade constituindo juntos, o que se denomina Patrimônio Material e o Imaterial,um sistema cultural mais amplo.A ação ritual do folclore toma como palco o cenário ritual da arquitetura da cidade, ambos expressivos da organização social da cidade, de seus processos históricos, seus conflitos, das suas negociações, seusdiscursos e das suas identidades constituídas sobre esse patrimônio, assim acabam por se efetivar comouma forma de expressão da cultura da cidade,manipuladapor seus usuárioscomo referentes da memória e da história. O conjunto patrimonial se apresenta como um fato social total, uma representação coletiva da cidade que coloca em jogo as próprias relações culturais da cidade e é no seu estudo conjunto que é possível entender de forma mais ampla a heterogeneidade e as relações internas e externas do sistema cultural da cidade.
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Jebli, Fedwa. "Communication interne et culture dans l’entreprise multinationale : régulation sociale et ordre négocié." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20052.
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Une des caractéristiques des entreprises multinationales est leur implantation dans des pays divers géographiquement et culturellement. Les services de communication interne sont représentés majoritairement comme la solution pour susciter l’adhésion à la culture d’entreprise et pour développer une synergie autour de celle-ci en dehors des considérations culturelles de chacun.Le discours dominant veut que la culture d’entreprise soit acceptée de la même façon par l’ensemble des salariés, notamment grâce à la communication interne qui y est définie comme un acteur stratégique jouant un rôle dynamique dans le quotidien de l’entreprise. L’objectif de cette thèse est de contraster les discours sur la communication interne avec les conclusions tirées de l’observation des tâches assurées par ses responsables dans trois filiales d’entreprises multinationales, en particulier pour constater à quel point les questions interculturelles font partie de leur quotidien. Il s’agit également de contraster les discours qui représentent l’entreprise comme une organisation à l’ordre social statique, basé sur une culture d’entreprise consolidée, avec le quotidien des salariés qui essaient de se trouver un espace d’expression de leur différence culturelle face à la culture de l’entreprise, ce qui remet en cause l’idée de l’environnement interne d’entreprise solide et inerte.Pour faire ressortir les écarts entre les discours et la réalité du travail dans l’entreprise multinationale, nous avons construit un cadre conceptuel basé sur la théorie de la régulation sociale de J.-D. Reynaud, en faisant l’hypothèse que la communication entre la culture de l’entreprise et les cultures des salariés se manifesterait via un jeu de règles permanent, et sur la théorie de l’ordre négocié de A. Strauss qui représente l’organisation en construction permanente de son ordre social basé sur la négociation des compromis entre acteurs. Les concepts du pouvoir et des représentations sociales sont utilisés pour renforcer l’idée selon laquelle toute interaction au sein de l’entreprise ne peut exister sans la présence des différentes manifestations de ces deux concepts.Pour formuler des conclusions, nous avons adopté une méthodologie de recherche basée sur l’étude de cas durant laquelle nous avons eu recours à l’observation participante, aux entretiens semi-directifs et à l’analyse du contenu des publications de la communication interneOne of the characteristics of multinational enterprises is their implementation in countries geographically and culturally diverse. Internal communication services are represented mostly as the solution to build support for the corporate culture and to develop synergy around it beyond workers' cultural considerations. The dominant discourse states that the corporate culture is to be accepted in the same way by all employees, notably through internal communication services, which are defined as a strategic actor playing an active role in everyday business. The objective of this thesis is to contrast the discourse of internal communication services with the conclusions drawn from the observation of tasks performed by its officials in three subsidiaries of multinational companies, in particular to see how cross-cultural issues are part of their daily lives. It aims also at contrasting how discourses that represent the company as an organization whose static social order is based on a consolidated corporate culture, with employees trying to find a space to express their cultural difference against the company culture in their daily life. In order to highlight the gaps between the rhetoric and reality of working in a multinational enterprise, we assembled a conceptual framework based on J.-D. Reynaud's theory of social regulation, assuming that communication between the corporate culture and the cultures of the employees would manifest itself through a set of permanent rules, and A. Strauss' negotiated order theory, which represents the organization permanently constructing its social order through the negotiation of compromises between actors. The concepts of power and social representations are used to highlight the idea that any interaction within the company can not exist without the presence of different manifestations of these two concepts. In order to draw conclusions, we have adopted a research methodology based on case studies. We have therefore used participant observation, semi-structured interviews and content analysis of the publications of internal communication services
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Koudouh, Mboumba Cathy. "La presse d'entreprise et la représentation des relations humaines : étude de cas : le Groupe Elf Aquitaine." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020042.
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L’instauration des relations humaines dans l’entreprise a suscité de nouvelles méthodes de gestion, et dans lesquelles la communication a été le mobile fondamental. Ainsi, le facteur humain a pu être reconsidéré dans l’organisation du travail, et la participation des salariés dans la marche de l’entreprise, a été éveillée. Nous avons choisi d’analyser la représentation des relations humaines, à travers le journal interne, au sein du Groupe Elf, afin de révéler l’ensemble des pratiques et techniques, mis en oeuvre pour permettre aux salariés de s’épanouir dans l’entreprise. Mis à part son rôle d’information, avec pour but de sensibiliser les salariés aux objectifs et aux enjeux de l’entreprise, le journal interne est également un espace d’expression, dans lequel les dirigeants et les salariés, se reconnaissent dans une démarche collective. Il reproduit les relations humaines qui y naissent, à travers l’organisation et les enjeux professionnels de l’entreprise. A travers les représentations de l’entreprise qu’il véhicule en son sein, de par son contenu, il semble accompagner cette dernière dans son rôle sociétal. De la sorte, il reste un lien d’échanges qui maintient une relation triangulaire entre l’entreprise, ses salariés et son environnement externeThe institution of human relations in the company has created new management methods, and in which the mobile communication was fundamental. In this way, the human factor could be reconsidered in the labor’s organization and employees’ participation in the operation of the company was awake. We chose to analyze the representation of human relationships, through the internal newspaper within the group Elf, to reveal all the practical and technical implementations to allow employees to be happy within the company. Apart from its role of information, with the aim to sensitize employees to the objectives and challenges of the company, the internal newspaper is also a space for expression in which managers and employees identify themselves with an approach collective. It reproduces the human relationships that are born, through the organization and the professional challenges of the business. Because of its content, the newspaper group Elf seems to accompany the company in its role in society through human figures, it carries within it. Such like, there remains an exchange link which supports a triangular relation between the firm, its employees and its external environment
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Reppa, Irene. "The modulation of inhibition of return by object internal structure : implications for theories of object-based attention and object shape representation." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-modulation-of-inhibition-of-return-by-object-internal-structure--implications-for-theories-of-objectbased-attention-and-object-shape-representation(9f879266-4618-48c1-82b8-59df743be173).html.
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Investigations into visual attention have led to the identification of locationand object-based mechanisms of attentional selection. This thesis is specifically concerned with object-based attention and aims to distinguish between two different hypotheses regarding the representations available to the inhibitory mechanisms of object-based selection. According to the global structure hypothesis, inhibitory mechanisms of selection operate over representations that do not have access to object-internal structural properties, such as surface boundaries. According to the local structure hypothesis, inhibitory selection mechanisms operate over representations that do make explicit object-internal structure. The second issue addressed in this thesis concerns the nature of object-shape representations that object-based inhibitory mechanisms operate over. Two candidate shape primitives, surfaces and volumetric components, are examined in order to ascertain whether they modulate object-based attention. These issues are addressed using the inhibition of return (IOR) paradigm (Posner & Cohen, 1984), which has previously been used to examine object-based attention (e. g. Tipper, Driver & Weaver, 199 1). The two aforementioned hypotheses make contrasting predictions about the modulation of object-based IOR by objectinternal structure. The global structure hypothesis predicts that object-based IOR should not be modulated by the object's internal structural properties, irrespective of changes in the object's internal structure. In contrast, the local structure hypothesis predicts that object internal structure will modulate the magnitude of object-based IOR. 2 The results raise a number of interesting issues. First, they show that objectbased IOR is modulated by internal discontinuities in object structure. Second, objectbased IOR operates over representations that make explicit surface properties of volumetric forms. Third, the effect is attenuated when cues and targets appear on the same surface of an object, relative to when the cue and target are separated by an internal structural discontinuity. These findings are consistent with the local structure hypothesis for objectbased attentional selection and provide new evidence (a) to suggest that inhibitory mechanisms of selection can operate over shape representations that make explicit infonnation about object internal structure, (b) about the surface-based nature of these mental representations, (c) to posit new constraints on hypotheses about the distribution of facilitation and inhibition in object-based attention.
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Taylor, Leticia Montes Penha. "As representa??es do psic?logo na socioeduca??o: o saber ing?nuo de adolescentes em interna??o provis?ria e em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas no DEGASE." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1376.
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Based on the Social Representation Theory, this study had as its primary objective to identifiy the representations that teenagers in temporary internment and complying with socio-educational measures of internment and teenagers in semi-liberty, have of the Psychologist who works in the General Department of Socio-Educational Action of the State of Rio de Janeiro (DEGASE). To that end, this work presents the results obtained through a quantitative and qualitative research, by the analysis of results obtained through free association from a word inducer, and by discourse analysis. In this sense, the present study also reflects on the role of the psychologist working on socio-education from the adolescents? theoretical foundations and knowledge about the work of this professional. The research involved the participation of 102 adolescents in the socio-educational system and the results reveal that the Social Representation of the Psychologist is of a professional who helps, answers, talks, who relieves the adolescents? distress during the period of stay in DEGASE and who the adolescents recognize by name
Alicer?ado na Teoria das Representa??es Sociais, o presente estudo teve como objetivo primordial a identifica??o das representa??es que os adolescentes em interna??o provis?ria e em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas de interna??o e semiliberdade t?m do Psic?logo que atua no Departamento Geral de A??es Socioeducativas do Rio de Janeiro (DEGASE). Com este intento, o estudo apresenta o resultado obtido atrav?s de uma pesquisa de cunho quantitativo e qualitativo, pela an?lise dos resultados obtidos atrav?s de associa??o livre a partir de uma palavra indutora e pela an?lise do conte?do do discurso dos adolescentes. Neste sentido, o estudo tamb?m ? reflete sobre o papel do psic?logo no trabalho socioeducativo a partir dos embasamentos te?ricos e dos saberes dos adolescentes acerca das a??es deste profissional. A pesquisa contou com a participa??o de 102 adolescentes em atendimento no sistema socioeducativo e os resultados obtidos revelam que a Representa??o Social do Psic?logo ? a de um profissional que ajuda, atende, conversa, que alivia suas ang?stias durante o per?odo de perman?ncia no DEGASE e que tamb?m ? reconhecido por seu nome pelos adolescentes
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Bastos, Hélios Kárum de Oliveira. "Otimização multiobjetivo para seleção simultânea de variáveis e objetos em cromossomo duplo de representação inteira para calibração multivariada." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8094.
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Multiobjective Optimization for feature and samples selection in double chromosome of integer representation and variable size for multivariate calibration} In several problems of regression, classification, prediction, approximation Optimization, the original data contain a large number of variables to obtain a better representation of the problem under consideration. However, a significant part of the variables may be irrelevant and redundant from the point of view of machine learning. Indeed, one of the challenges to be overcome is a selection of a subset of variables that has the best perform. One of the breakthroughs in this type of problem is the use of a multiobjective formulation that avoids the overlap of the model to the training data set. Another important point is the process of choosing the objects to be used in the learning stage. Generally, a selection of variables and treatment objects are treated separately and without dependence. This project proposes a multiobjective modeling to select variables and objects simultaneously using a genetic integer representation algorithm with variable size chromosomes. It is expected that a simultaneous selection of objects and variables on a multiobjective context produce better results in a traditional approach. As a case study this work utilized an analysis of near infrared (NIR) material on oil samples for the purpose of estimating the concentration of an interest properties such set was used in the competition conducted at the International Diffuse Reflectance Conference (IDRC) in the year 2014.
Em diversos problemas de regressão, classificação, previsão, aproximação e otimização, os dados originais contêm um grande número de variáveis introduzidas para se obter uma melhor representação do problema considerado. Entretanto, uma parte significativa destas variáveis podem ser irrelevantes e/ou redundantes do ponto de vista do aprendizado de máquina acerca do problema. Com efeito, um dos desafios a ser superados é a seleção de um subconjunto de variáveis que apresentem um melhor desempenho. Um dos avanços recentes neste tipo de problema está no uso de uma formulação multiobjetivo que evita o superajuste do modelo ao conjunto de dados de treinamento. Outro ponto importante refere-se ao processo de escolha adequada dos objetos a serem utilizados na etapa de aprendizado. Geralmente, a seleção de variáveis e de objetos de treinamento são tratados de forma separada e sem dependência. Este projeto propõe uma modelagem multiobjetivo para seleção de variáveis e objetos de forma simultânea utilizando-se de algoritmo genético de representação inteira com cromossomos de tamanho variáveis. Espera-se que a seleção simultânea de objetos e variáveis no contexto multiobjetivo produza melhores resultados em relação a abordagem tradicional. Como estudo de caso este trabalho utiliza dados obtidos por uma análise de material com ondas de infravermelho próximo (NIR) sobre amostras de petróleo com o propósito de estimar a concentração de uma propriedade de interesse, tal conjunto foi utilizado na competição realizada no International Diffuse Reflectance Conference (IDRC) (\url{http://cnirs.clubexpress.com/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=409746&module_id=19 0211}), no ano de 2015.
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Barraud, Catherine. "Professionnalisation des étudiants infirmiers et construction identitaire : une approche par les représentations du métier et sous l'angle de la catégorisation sociale inter IFSI." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22035/document.
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Le processus de professionnalisation des infirmières en France semble se baser préférentiellement sur une professionnalisation par les savoirs et les activités. La professionnalisation des individus par la construction d'une identité professionnelle est peu interrogée. Adoptant un regard psychosocial, nous nous proposons dans ce travail d'appréhender le développement identitaire professionnel des étudiants infirmiers. La construction de l’identité professionnelle des étudiants infirmiers s’appuie d’une part sur l'élaboration et l'évolution des représentations socioprofessionnelles de la profession infirmière et d’autre part, dans les relations intergroupales et sur le processus de catégorisation sociale qu'adoptent les étudiants infirmiers tout au long de leur formation. Réalisée dans quatre Instituts de Formation de la région Aquitaine auprès d’étudiants en début et en fin de formation, l’enquête allie méthode quantitative et méthode qualitative en deux séquences : des entretiens de groupe restreint et naturel ont été effectués en début et en fin d’année scolaire ; un questionnaire a été administré en milieu d’année scolaire aux promotions dans leur totalité. Les résultats montrent une différence et une évolution dans les représentations socioprofessionnelles qu’ont les étudiants de leur future profession. Une distinction est repérée non seulement selon l’année de formation mais aussi selon l’IFSI d’origine. La catégorisation sociale inter IFSI montre une évolution dans les modalités de catégorisation selon les IFSI et peu de corrélation avec les années de formationThe professionalization process of nurses in France seems to be preferentially based on knowledge and activities. The professionalization of individuals through the building up of a professional identity is hardly taken into account. In this study, we suggest to examine the professional identity development of nursing students from a psychosocial viewpoint. The building up of nursing students’ professional identity rests on the elaboration and development of socio-professional representations of the nursing profession on the one hand, and of cross-group relationships and the process of social categorization embraced by nursing students through their training on the other. Conducted among beginning and advanced students in four Training Institutes of the Aquitaine Region, this two-stage survey combines quantitative and qualitative methods: small, spontaneous group interviews were conducted at the beginning and end of the school year; the full student body was also given a questionnaire halfway through the school year. The results indicate differences and changes in the students’socio-professional representations of their future profession. Differences were observed not only depending on training level but also depending on the students’ home IFSI (Institut de Formation en Soins Infirmiers - Nursing Assistant Training Institute). The cross-ISFI social categorization reveals changes in categorization methods depending on the IFSI, and little correlation with training levels
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Henriques, Maria José Figueiredo Diniz. "Representações da figura paterna de crianças expostas à violência interparental: Estudo exploratório." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2546.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica, apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto UniversitárioA literatura evidencia a ausência de estudos sobre a qualidade da relação pai-criança em contextos familiares marcados por conflitualidade violenta entre as figuras parentais. Este trabalho pretendeu contribuir para a sua compreensão, estabelecendo como objectivo aceder às representações da figura paterna de crianças expostas à violência interparental. Foram realizadas entrevistas e aplicadas provas de desenho da família imaginada e real, a uma amostra constituída por cinco crianças em acolhimento em casa abrigo e cinco crianças em pós-acolhimento, com idades compreendidas entre seis e onze anos. Entrevistámos as suas mães para aceder às representações do ex-parceiro enquanto pai. O modelo teórico construído de acordo com a Grounded Theory, a análise das entrevistas às crianças, evidenciou a sua necessidade em manter separadas duas representações antagónicas da figura paterna. As crianças avaliaram alternadamente o comportamento do pai na conjugalidade e na paternidade, revelando capacidade para agir em conformidade com as suas reacções e humores. A clivagem permitiu-lhes manter a ligação ao pai e gerir um conflito de lealdades na fase em que viviam juntos. A separação dos pais e as actuais condições de vida contribuíram para uma focalização numa das facetas do pai. As crianças em acolhimento mantêm o foco na sua faceta violenta e procuram manter a distância, enquanto as crianças em pós-acolhimento avaliam o seu envolvimento e respondem de forma recíproca. A análise dos desenhos reforçou pressupostos do nosso modelo teórico. As entrevistas às mães evidenciaram uma avaliação negativa/ambivalente da paternidade dos ex-parceiros e o seu desagrado pela expectativa de reaproximação ou continuidade da relação pai-criança.
ABSTRACT: Evidentially, current literature lacks studies about the quality of father-child relationships in families marked by violent conflict between the parental figures. This study contributes to an understanding of this relationship, its goal being to access representations of the father figure of children exposed to inter-parental violence. Interviews conducted and children's drawings of imagined and real families were obtained from a sample of ten children, between six and eleven years of age, currently living in shelters, as well as children in post-shelter situations. We interviewed the mothers about their former partners in their paternal role. The theoretical model was created according to Grounded Theory, in analyzing interviews with children; their necessity to have two antagonistic representations of the father figure was evident. The children evaluated alternately their father's behavior in the marital relationship and in fatherhood, revealing capacities to act in accordance with their reactions and moods. This spit allowed them to keep the connection to their father and manage a loyalty conflict while the family lived together. Parental separation and their current situation lead them to focus more on one facet of the father. Children in shelters put their focus on the father’s violent facet and try to keep a distance from him, whereas children in post-shelter situations evaluate their father´s involvement and respond reciprocally. Analysis of the children's drawings reinforced the assumptions laid out in our theoretical model. Interviews with mothers showed negative or ambivalent evaluations of their ex-partners and their discontentment with the perspective of a reconnection or continuing father-child relationship.
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Costa, Andrêa Filipa da Silva. "Uma medida de política pública : escola a tempo inteiro : estudo de caso do agrupamento de escolas de Miraflores." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4614.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Administração PúblicaA Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Económico [OCDE] tem dedicado particular interesse à educação no quadro das agendas políticas e económicas associadas à sociedade do conhecimento, pelo que a medida de política educativa Escola a Tempo Inteiro [ETI], incide nos domínios prioritários de intervenção estratégica de inovação e melhoramento das competências básicas preconizados por aquela organização internacional. A medida ETI, através de um conjunto de experiências abrangidas pelas designadas Atividades de Enriquecimento Curricular [AEC], procura assim responder às necessidades das famílias, garantindo aos seus educandos um serviço educativo de qualidade e apoio ao estudo ao longo de todo o período escolar diário. Pretende-se, com este trabalho, analisar o modo como a medida Escola Tempo Inteiro foi implementada num agrupamento de escolas da Região da Grande Lisboa e em particular a perceção de pais e professores relativamente à sua eficácia/eficiência e respetivo impacto. Foram inquiridos duzentos e vinte e dois pais e encarregados de educação de alunos do 1.º ciclo, através de questionário, e realizadas entrevistas semi-diretivas a uma amostra de dez professores com experiência de AEC. A análise dos questionários aos pais e encarregados de educação recorreu ao modelo das classes latentes, tendo as entrevistas aos professores sido submetidas a uma análise de conteúdo temática simples. De acordo com os resultados, os inquiridos, pais e professores, valorizam as finalidades da medida ETI, sublinhando a sua efetiva importância do ponto de vista de adaptar os tempos de permanência das crianças nos estabelecimentos de ensino às necessidades das famílias, assegurados por atividades complementares das aprendizagens.Todavia, levantam algumas dúvidas quanto à sua eficácia/eficiência, designadamente porque nem sempre encontram no terreno as infraestruturas, equipamentos e recursos adequados à ação/implementação da medida.
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD] has devoted particular interest to education within the framework of political and economic agendas associated with the knowledge society, so that the measure of educational policy Full Time School [TSI], focuses on priority areas intervention strategy of innovation and improvement of basic skills advocated by that international organization. As TSI, through a set of experiences covered by the designated Curriculum Enrichment Activities [AEC], thus seeking to meet the needs of families, ensuring their students a quality education service and support to the study throughout the school year diary. It is intended with this work, examine how the measure was implemented School Full Time in a grouping of schools in the region of Lisbon and in particular the perception of parents and teachers regarding the effectiveness / efficiency and respective impact. We interviewed two hundred twenty-two parents and guardians of students in one.Cycle through a questionnaire and semi-directive interviews with a sample of ten teachers with experience in AEC.The analysis of questionnaires to parents and guardians used the model of latent classes, and interviews teachers were subjected to a thematic content analysis simple. According to the results, respondents, parents and teachers value the purpose of the measure TSI, stressing the importance of effective point of view of adapting the residence times of children in schools to the needs of families, provided by complementary activities of learning. However, raise some doubts as to their effectiveness / efficiency, particularly as not always at the grass roots infrastructure, equipment and resources appropriate to the action / implementation of the measure.
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Frajerman, Laurent. "L'interaction entre la Fédération de l'Education Nationale et sa principale minorité, le courant " unitaire ", 1944-1959." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00617368.
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Notre thèse étudie l'interaction entre un syndicat, la Fédération de l'Education Nationale et sa principale minorité, le courant " unitaire ", entre 1944 et 1959. Celui-ci, adepte d'un syndicalisme combatif et animé notamment par les enseignants communistes, représente un courant d'idée militant habituellement cristallisé dans un syndicat distinct. Il refuse l'autonomie de la FEN en 1948 et maintient le lien avec la CGT grâce à l'affiliation simultanée à la FEN et à la FEN-CGT. Ce système original disparaît en 1954, sous l'impulsion du PCF. L'analyse des pratiques et représentations syndicales montre l'émergence d'un modèle FEN, caractérisé par une syndicalisation de masse, une fonction de représentation des identités professionnelles et de participation à la gestion du monde enseignant, la canalisation des divergences internes par le biais des tendances et enfin le partenariat avec le parti socialiste. La FEN se donne en exemple d'unité syndicale. Doté d'une identité souple, le courant unitaire apporte sa contribution, d'abord par sa ferme opposition qui pousse la majorité à préciser ces options, puis par son ralliement à partir de 1954. Renonçant à faire vivre une conception alternative, mais forcément minoritaire, du syndicalisme enseignant, le courant unitaire effectue une critique interne du modèle FEN, dont il constitue une version musclée.
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Goshi, Sudheer. "Digital Fabric." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/115.
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Continuing advances with VLSI have enabled engineers to build high performance computer systems to solve complex problems. The real-world problems and tasks like pattern recognition, speech recognition, etc. still remain elusive to the most advanced computer systems today. Many advances in the science of computer design and technology are coming together to enable the creation of the next-generation computing machines to solve real-world problems, which the human brain does with ease. One such engineering advance is the field of neuromorphic engineering, which tries to establish closer links to biology and help us investigate the problem of designing better computing machines. A chip built with the principles of neuromorphic engineering is called as neuromorphic chip. Neuromorphic chip aims to solve real-world problems. As the complexity of the problem increases, the computation capability of these chips can become a limitation. In order to improve the performance and accomplish a complex task in the real-world, many such chips need to be integrated into a system. Hence, efficiency of such a system depends on effective inter-chip communication. Here, the work presented aims at building a message-passing network (Digital Fabric) simulator, that integrates many such chips. Each chip represents a binary event-based unit called spiking analog cortical module. The inter-chip communication protocol employed here is called as Address Event Representation. Here, the Digital Fabric is built in three revisions, with different architectures being considered in each revision. The complexity is increased at each iteration stage. The experiments performed in each revision test the performance of such configuration systems and results proves to lay a foundation for further studies. In the future, building a high level simulation model will assist in scaling and evaluating various network topologies.
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Perez, Segovia Tomás. "Paola : un système d'optimisation topologique de PLA." Grenoble INPG, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00316330.
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Lors de la conception des circuits intégrés VLSI, les Réseaux Logiques Programmables (P. L. A. ) permettent le dessin automatique des masques à partir d'une description logique. La surface occupée par ces PLAs peut, dans certains cas, s'avérer prohibitive; d'où l'intérêt des méthodes d'optimisation topologique de ceux-ci. Après avoir défini les différentes représentations possibles des PLAs, on présente l'état en ce qui concerne l'optimisation topologique des PLAs. La méthode des «Lignes Brisées» est ensuite détaillée en insistant sur les heuristiques choisies ainsi que sur les interactions qui existent entre l'étape d'optimisation et l'étape de tracé des connexions internes. On termine par une présentation globale du système PAOLA d'optimisation topologique et dessin de PLAs
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Pamart, Emilie. "Territorialisation culturelle et poïétique d'un espace intercommunal : Le cas d’Ouest Provence et la régie culturelle Scènes et Cinés." Thesis, Avignon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2012AVIG1106/document.
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Dans un contexte de complexité territoriale où les référents spatiaux se multiplient, se fragmentent, se recomposent et entrent en concurrence, aborder la question de la territorialisation culturelle comme un processus communicationnel est le moyen par lequel ce travail contribue à la réflexion sur les phénomènes de requalification et de recomposition des territoires. Par emprunt de la notion de territorialisation à la Science politique et à la Géographie, notre posture s’appuie sur une boîte à outils (théorique et méthodologique) capable de construire un regard oblique dont le principe est celui de l’indissociabilité des composants d’un même phénomène. En effet, l’originalité de cette recherche se situe principalement dans l’articulation d’approches habituellement considérées comme irréconciliables étant donné le caractère polyphonique des discours qui participent de cette poïétique territoriale – les modalités de la (re)génération d’un territoire – : l’approche identificationnelle matérialisée par les discours des acteurs politiques, et l’approche appropriationnelle qui s’intéresse aux récits de pratiques territoriales des habitants et des usagers. L’enjeu scientifique de cette thèse réside donc dans la compréhension du fonctionnement de ce processus communicationnel et de sa capacité à enchanter, par la médiation des discours, un espace intercommunal.Pour la compréhension de ce processus, nous avons pris appui sur le cas d’Ouest Provence, ancienne « ville nouvelle » située sur les rives de l’étang de Berre, au nord-ouest de Marseille, marqué par une imposante activité industrielle et polluante. Cette agglomération se trouve aujourd’hui dans une phase de normalisation, après avoir bénéficié, pendant quarante ans, du régime exceptionnel de ce projet de développement urbain initié et soutenue par l’État. À partir d’une approche ethno-sémiotique, nous avons constitué et analysé un corpus hétérogène de discours circulants (discours d’inauguration de l’identité nouvelle d’Ouest Provence, extrait du numéro inaugural du journal intercommunal, toponyme, logotypes, programmes et éditoriaux de saison de la régie culturelle SCOP), et de discours provoqués (entretiens ethnographiques auprès des acteurs politiques, administratifs et culturels, et auprès des spectateurs-abonnés de la régie culturelle SCOP). L’objectif étant de mettre au jour le travail d’obturation d’une partie du champ de vision de l’habitant et de l’usager que mènent les acteurs politiques, par une restructuration de leurs pratiques ou du moins de leurs effets, afin d’enchanter leur imaginaire territorial. Et c’est par l’intermédiaire d’un opérateur, le dispositif de la régie culturelle Scènes et Cinés, que se met en place cette stratégie. Effectivement, la pratique de sortie au théâtre est donc décrite comme une pratique de mobilisation des habitants et des usagers de manière à leur faire-croire en cette « communauté imaginée » qu’incarne Ouest Provence. Mais à côté de ces discours d’élus, l’analyse des récits des pratiques des abonnés de Scènes et Cinés laisse entrevoir une territorialité dont les trois régimes que esquissés (le sentiment du chez-soi, l’engagement, et l’attachement à un être-ensemble) sont motivés par un rapport sensible au territoire. Cette dimension de la pratique de sortie au théâtre nous semble fondamentale en ce qu’elle révèle la nature du rapport individuel et collectif des spectateurs à leurs espaces de pratiques culturelles qui est, avant tout, façonné par la sensation et l’émotion. La territorialité spectatorielle constitue ainsi une expérience qui participe, tout au moins momentanément, du processus d’enchantement territorialOur research contributes to the understanding of a requalification and reorganization phenomenon by questioning cultural territorialization as a communicational process, in a context of territorial complexity where spatial referentials are multiplied, split up, recomposed and brought to compete with one another. Borrowing from the notion of territorialization as found in political sciences and geography, our posture is supported by a theoretical and methodological personal construction that enables us to build an oblique view point, the principle of which is the indivisibility of the above mentioned phenomenon’s components. Indeed, the originality of this research lies mainly in the combining of different approaches usually considered irreconcilable, given the polyphonic character of the discourses that participate in territorial poïetics - conditions of (re)generation of a territory - : the identification-based approach formed by political actors’ discourses, the function of which is the production and the circulation of standards and values in the public space, and the appropriation-based approach which is interested in the narrative given by inhabitants and practitioners of their territorial practices. The scientific argument of our thesis lies in the understanding of how this communicational process functions and its capacity to “enchant” an inter-communal space that becomes meaningful again, through the mediation of a series of discourses.In order to understand this process, we have used, as a case study, the urban community of Ouest Provence, which had the status of a “new town”, and thus benefitted for forty years, from major state development policies. This urban area, on the banks of the Etang de Berre, north west of Marseilles, where France’s major oil refineries, gaz and petro-chemical factories are located, is marked by this impressive industrial activity and the image of pollution that it gives. The Ouest Provence area is about to be “normalized”, by becoming an ordinary group of smaller towns with a new inter-communal status. From an ethno-semiotic approach, we have constituted and analyzed a heterogeneous corpus of circulating discourses (inaugural speech for Ouest Provence’s new identity, excerpts from the inter-communal newspaper inaugural issue, toponyms, logotypes, programs and editorials taken from the Scènes et Cinés’ cultural season) and instigated discourses (ethnographical conversations with political, administrative and cultural professionals and with the Scènes et Cinés’ spectators-subscribers). The intention was to bring to light the attempts by the political actors to modify the representations that local inhabitants and users have of their territory by restructuring in particular their theatre practices in order to re-enchant their territorial imagination. It is through an operator, the device of the cultural institution Scènes et Cinés, that this strategy is set up. The practice of theatre-going is thus described as a practice of mobilization of the inhabitants and the users so as to make them believe in this “imagined community” that the Ouest Provence embodies. The analysis of the practice narratives of the Scènes et Cinés subscribers gives us a glimpse of a territoriality where three aspects which we highlighted (the feeling of being at home, the commitment to the theatre, and the attachment to a sort of togetherness in this practice) are motivated by an emotional relationship to the territory. This theatre-going dimension seems to us fundamental, as it reveals all the complexity of the spectators’ relationships with each other and with the spaces linked to their cultural practices, which are particularly shaped by both individual and collective sensations and emotions. So, such a spectator experience is involved, at least temporarily, in the process of territorial enchantment
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Dorsa, Arlinda Cantero. "Língua e Discurso nas crenças culturais sul-pantaneiras." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14413.
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Previous issue date: 2006-10-19This work is based on the socio-cognitive branch of the Critical Discourse Analysis, whose most important representative, since 1988, is van Dijk. It is also based on the theoretical notions of Discourse Analysis, derived from the French branch. Its subject is the study of discursive representations of cultural aspects shown by the pantaneiro - the men from Pantanal area in Mato Grosso do Sul State. The general goal is to contribute for Discourse studies in the Brazilian culture, analyzing its verbal expressions present in lyrics from South-Pantanal regional songs, from a basic text plus insertion of inter-texts and inter-discourses. In this sense, the methodological procedure consists in selecting and analyzing as a whole, local music lyrics, texts from History, Geography and Ethnography Discourses as well as interviews carried out with composers. The hypothesis that supports this research considers that the analytical categories - Discourse, Society and Cognition - extend themselves to the analysis of mental and linguistic representations while evaluative knowledge and cultural creeds; it also considers that the Come and Go migrations over large geographic areas guide the initiatives of the South-Pantanal man. Both hypothesis show to be convenient, since the evaluative knowledge forms are creeds imprinted in the social cognition, the cultural traits that dynamically guide, from historical roots, the building of new meanings in each contemporary period. The results from these analyses show that: 1. The lyrical inter-texts show themselves to be more suitable for handling regional culture values and, although the approached subjects are the same, because of serving different goals, the inter-discourses are diversified. 2. The History discourse originates from official documents, which bring in a linguistic form, the interests of Power; the Historiography handles with several different types of documents besides the official ones, and for this reason, they represent the facts focused on some cultural aspects. 3. The Geography discourse indicates that the semantic progression, derived from scientific discoveries in the Pantanal area in South Mato Grosso is opposed to regional traditional cultural knowledge, which is explicit in the lyrics inter-texts analyzed. 4. The ethnographic discourse approaches South-Pantanal culture, complements or opposes certain representations of it
Fundamenta-se esta tese na vertente sócio-cognitiva da Análise Crítica do Discurso da qual van Dijk, desde 1988, é seu representante e em noções teóricas da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, tendo por tema um exame de representações discursivas de aspectos culturais do homem pantaneiro sul-mato-grosssense. O objetivo geral é contribuir com os estudos discursivos da cultura brasileira e os objetivos específicos são de examinar por meio de expressões verbais presentes em textos lingüísticos, letras musicais sul-pantaneiras a partir de um texto-base e pela inserção de intertextos e interdiscursos. Nesse sentido, o procedimento metodológico consiste em selecionar e analisar como corpora, letras de músicas regionais, textos do discurso da História, da Geografia e da Etnografia e entrevistas realizadas pela pesquisadora com os compositores. A hipótese que sustenta essa pesquisa considera que as categorias analíticas: Discurso, Sociedade e Cognição, estendem-se para a análise das representações mentais e lingüísticas enquanto organização de conhecimentos avaliativos e crenças culturais e que o movimento de Ir e Vir por grandes extensões geográficas, guia as ações do homem sul pantaneiro. Ambas as hipóteses mostram-se adequadas, pois, as formas de conhecimentos avaliativos são crenças que caracterizam na cognição social, os traços culturais que guiam dinamicamente, a construção de novas significações em cada contemporaneidade, a partir de raízes históricas. Os resultados obtidos das análises indicam que: 1. Os intertextos musicais mostram-se mais adequados para o tratamento dos valores culturais regionais e embora os temas tratados sejam os mesmos, as formas de tratamento dadas pelos interdiscursos são diversificados na medida em que atendem a objetivos diferentes. 2. O discurso da História parte de documentos oficiais que trazem representados em língua, os interesses do Poder; já o discurso da Historiografia trata de diferentes tipos de documentos além dos oficiais e por essa razão representa os acontecimentos com focalização de alguns aspectos culturais. 3. O discurso da Geografia indica que a progressão semântica, decorrente das descobertas científicas da região do Pantanal do Sul de Mato Grosso é opositiva em relação aos conhecimentos regionais tradicionais culturais que estão explicitados nos intertextos analisados de musicas regionais. 4. O discurso da Etnografia que objetiva o tratamento da cultura, complementa ou se opõe a certas representações de aspectos culturais da região sul-pantaneira
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Modarresi, Fereshteh. "Bare nouns in Persian." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17366.
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Diese Dissertation untersucht das variable Verhalten von sogenannten „bare nouns“ (Nominale ohne Artikel) im Persischen. Dieses Verhalten kann jedoch nicht verstanden werden ohne eine Reihe von entscheidenden Eigenschaften der persischen Satzstruktur zu betrachten. Dazu gehören Informationsstruktur, Prosodie und Wortstellung, sowie die semantischen und syntaktischen Funktionen verschiedener morphologischer Markierungen im Persischen. Die vorliegende Dissertation kann daher zum besseren Verständnis von satzinterner Syntax, Semantik und Prosodie des Persischen beitragen. Ich beginne meine Untersuchung mit dem Vergleich der BNs in verschiedenen Positionen mit Nominalen, die mit verschiedenen Morphemen gekennzeichnet sind. Die quasi-inkorporierten Nominale im Persischen scheinen zur Klasse der diskursintransparenten inkorporierenden Sprachen zu gehören. Doch dies scheint nicht immer zu stimmen, unter bestimmten Umständen zeigen persische BNs Diskurstransparenz. In Kapitel 3 untersuche ich daher, unter welchen Umständen BNs Diskurstransparenz zeigen und warum. In Kapitel 3 präsentiere ich einen Alternativvorschlag zu Farkas & de Swart, in dem ich darlege, dass ein BN tatsächlich einen neuen Diskursreferenten einführt. Aber der Numerus von BNs ist neutral (numerusneutralen Diskursreferenten).In der zweiten Hälfte der Dissertation wird die Interpretation von BNs in verschiedenen Positionen und mit unterschiedlichen grammatischen Funktionen diskutiert. Kapitel 4 konzentriert sich auf BNs in Objektposition. Wir stellen einen direkten Vergleich an zwischen BNs als tatsächliche BNs, d.h. Nominale, die nicht mit einem Morphem markiert sind, und Kontexten, in denen sie mit dem Morphem -ra auftreten. Ich werde argumentieren, dass -ra lediglich markiert, dass ein BN oder auch ein anderes Nominal nicht in seiner VP-internen Position interpretiert, sondern in eine VP-externe Domäne bewegt wird. Das bedeutet, das Morphem -ra ist ein syntaktisches Morphem auf Phrasenebene.This thesis explores the variable behavior of bare nouns in Persian. Bare singular nouns realize different grammatical functions, including subject, object and indirect object. They receive different interpretations, including generic, definite and existential readings. However, the task of understanding the reasons for, and limits on, this variation cannot be achieved without understanding a number of pivotal features of Persian sentential architecture, including Information Structure, prosody, word order, and the functions of various morphological markers in Persian. With respect to the discourse transparency of Incorporated Nominals, under certain circumstances, Persian bare nouns show discourse transparency. These circumstances are examined in chapter 3, and it is proposed that bare nouns do introduce a number neutral discourse referent. This proposal is phrased within Discourse Representation Theory. In the second half of the dissertation, the interpretation of bare nouns in different positions and with different grammatical functions are discussed. Under the independently supported hypothesis of position>interpretation mapping developed by Diesing (1992), we will see the role of the suffix -ra in indicating that an object has been moved out of VP. For subjects, there is no morphological marking corresponding to –ra on objects, and we have to rely on prosody and word order to determine how a VP is interpreted using theories of the interaction of accent and syntactic structure. It is proposed that both subject and object originate within the VP, and can move out to the VP-external domain. The motivation for these movements are informational-structural in nature, relating in particular to the distinctions between given and new information, and default and non-default information structure.
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Costa, Maurício Verardo da. "Representando famílias de autômatos celulares por meio de templates." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1454.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-10Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The notion of a template for representing cellular automata (CA) rules is introduced. This enhances the standard representation based on a rule table, in that it refers to families of cellular automata, instead of a rule alone. Operations applicable to the templates are defined herein, and their use is exemplified in the context of finding representations for rule sets that share properties. Wolfram Mathematica's functional nature and built-in equation-solving capabilities are central to develop these algorithms. The perspectives for using templates in further contexts are also discussed, along with possible extensions to the present work. As a support to the template concept, a Wolfram Mathematica package called CATemplates is presented, shared with the community using a public repository.
A noção de representação de autômatos celulares (ACs) por meio de templates é aqui introduzida. Ela consiste em uma generalização da tabela de transições de estado clássica, permitindo a representação de subespaços de autômatos celulares, ao invés de apenas indivíduos isolados. São definidas operações aplicáveis aos templates, e seu uso é exemplificado por meio da obtenção de algoritmos que encontram subespaços de regras que apresentam propriedades em comum. Para o desenvolvimento destes algoritmos, a utilização do software Wolfram Mathematica é central, dada sua capacidade de resolução automática de sistemas de equações, além da natureza funcional e simbólica da Wolfram Language, linguagem de programação a ele associada. Também são discutidas as vantagens e desvantagens da utilização deste tipo de representação em outros contextos, e possiblidades de extensão para o trabalho. Como apoio ao conceito dos templates, é apresentada a biblioteca para o Wolfram Mathematica chamada CATemplates, disponibilizada em um repositório público.
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Pinto, Filho Antonio Tupinamb? Timbira de Oliveira. "As contribui??es da comunica??o e do conhecimento da Ci?ncia da Informa??o para a an?lise de requisitos no desenvolvimento de software." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2005. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/828.
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Previous issue date: 2005-08-16This research intends to understand, in the definition system phase the valuable, prospective and formalization problems of information. The communication aspects are the focus, with their phases, between the main actors of the software development project in the requirement analysis step: analysts and users. A model of requirement analyses which considerer the communication and Information Science knowledge issues in the formalization of the system specifications are presented. This model helps to identify the important aspects, in the information user domain, for externalized and formalized to reach a requirement definition as near as possible of reality.
Esta pesquisa busca compreender, na etapa de defini??o do sistema, os problemas de valoriza??o, prospec??o e formaliza??o da informa??o, focando os aspectos da comunica??o, e suas diversas etapas, entre os atores principais de um projeto de desenvolvimento de software na fase de an?lise de requisitos: analista e usu?rio. Um modelo de an?lise de requisitos que considera as quest?es comunicacionais e do conhecimento da Ci?ncia da Informa??o, na formaliza??o das especifica??es do sistema ? apresentado. Este modelo ajuda a identificar os aspectos mais importantes, que est?o na esfera do dom?nio de informa??o do usu?rio, de modo a serem externalizados e formalizados para que se consiga chegar a uma defini??o de requisitos mais pr?xima da realidade.
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FERRARIO, SUSANNA. "LAVORO AUTONOMO E INTERESSI COLLETTIVI: RAPPRESENTANZA, ORGANIZZAZIONE E AZIONE SINDACALE DI TUTELA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/257.
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La ricerca prende avvio dalla ricostruzione dei processi socio-economici che hanno portato alla crisi del modo di produzione taylorista-fordista. Muovendo da tali riflessioni, si constata come le imprese “post-fordiste” si avvalgano in misura crescente di lavoratori autonomi, un tempo coordinati e continuativi e, oggi, a progetto (artt. 61 e ss., d.lgs. 276/2003).
Tali collaboratori sono, dunque, soggetti ad un potere (contrattuale) di coordinamento del committente che, alle volte, si somma ad una condizione di dipendenza economica dal committente medesimo.
Si crea, quindi, una differenziazione interna all'area dell'autonomia coordinata che non pare adeguatamente valorizzata dal legislatore ordinario, ma che sembra interessare i sindacati.
Il dato reale vede, infatti, agire rappresentanze varie, sicché occorre circoscrivere l'ambito di applicabilità degli artt. 39 e 40 Cost. L'assenza di un genuino interesse collettivo e di un'effettiva attività di autotutela inducono a ritenere che i collaboratori “forti” e il relativo associazionismo possano beneficiare delle sole tutele poste dagli artt. 2, 18 e 41 Cost.
A conclusione si affrontano le problematiche che la ricostruzione così svolta solleva, ovverosia come garantire l'effettività delle tutele riconosciute al sindacalismo dei collaboratori “deboli” e come contemperare l'associazionismo dei collaboratori “forti” con il diritto antitrust comunitario.The search starts with the reconstruction of socio-economic processes. Moving from these reflections, it's possible to see that today's companies take advantage of increasingly self-employed coordinated and continuous and, after d.lgs. 276/2003 “lavoratori a progetto”. These employees are, therefore, subject to a power (contractual) coordination of the customer that, at times, it adds up to a state of economic dependence by the same. It then creates an internal differentiation into autonomy area that does not seem properly valued by the ordinary legislator, but that seems to involve trade unions. Given that in reality there are different representations, we move to circumscribe the scope of applicability of the Arts. 39 and 40 Const. The absence of a genuine interest and genuine self activities suggest that employees "strong" and its associations can only benefit from the protections posed by Arts. 2, 18 and 41 Const. At the end tackling the problems so that the reconstruction turn raises, namely how to ensure the effectiveness of the safeguards recognized unionism collaborators "weak" and reconcile the associations of employees "strong" with the antitrust law.
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Hart, M. J. Alexandra. "Action in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: an Enactive Psycho-phenomenological and Semiotic Analysis of Thirty New Zealand Women's Experiences of Suffering and Recovery." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5294.
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This research into Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) presents the results of 60 first-person psycho-phenomenological interviews with 30 New Zealand women. The participants were recruited from the Canterbury and Wellington regions, 10 had recovered. Taking a non-dual, non-reductive embodied approach, the phenomenological data was analysed semiotically, using a graph-theoretical cluster analysis to elucidate the large number of resulting categories, and interpreted through the enactive approach to cognitive science.
The initial result of the analysis is a comprehensive exploration of the experience of CFS which develops subject-specific categories of experience and explores the relation of the illness to universal categories of experience, including self, ‘energy’, action, and being-able-to-do.
Transformations of the self surrounding being-able-to-do and not-being-able-to-do were shown to elucidate the illness process.
It is proposed that the concept ‘energy’ in the participants’ discourse is equivalent to the Mahayana Buddhist concept of ‘contact’. This characterises CFS as a breakdown of contact. Narrative content from the recovered interviewees reflects a reestablishment of contact.
The hypothesis that CFS is a disorder of action is investigated in detail.
A general model for the phenomenology and functional architecture of action is proposed. This model is a recursive loop involving felt meaning, contact, action, and perception and appears to be phenomenologically supported.
It is proposed that the CFS illness process is a dynamical decompensation of the subject’s action loop caused by a breakdown in the process of contact.
On this basis, a new interpretation of neurological findings in relation to CFS becomes possible. A neurological phenomenon that correlates with the illness and involves a brain region that has a similar structure to the action model’s recursive loop is identified in previous research results and compared with the action model and the results of this research. This correspondence may identify the brain regions involved in the illness process, which may provide an objective diagnostic test for the condition and approaches to treatment.
The implications of this model for cognitive science and CFS should be investigated through neurophenomenological research since the model stands to shed considerable light on the nature of consciousness, contact and agency.
Phenomenologically based treatments are proposed, along with suggestions for future research on CFS. The research may clarify the diagnostic criteria for CFS and guide management and treatment programmes, particularly multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches.
Category theory is proposed as a foundation for a mathematisation of phenomenology.
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Holoubková, Sylva. "The evaluation of experiences of interns at the Czech representations abroad." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-425702.
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The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the experience of interns at Czech representative offices. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to the definition of diplomacy, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the history of the Czech international policy, the organizational structure of the Ministry and foreign offices. Also, the practical part of the thesis includes statistical data of the course of internships at foreign offices, which were primarily obtained from the employees of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. An illustrative example of how to apply for an internship and the necessary post-admission documentation is also included in this work. The second part is focused on both the research methodology and the research part itself. The data were obtained from interviews with former foreign office trainees. The aim of the empirical part is to find the reason and motivation to choose a traineeship, overall assessment of traineeships and the impact of traineeships on future working life.
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Sandberg, Leo. "Visual interpretation : Intent and response." Thesis, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-311947.
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This paper explores artistic interpretation of a script's theme to its visual, estetic representation and meaning. The purpose is to reflect on the topic, and to enhance our understanding of how an interpretation from written intention to visual representation can form. The aritstic production used in this artistic research is an animated feature film for children 10+ and the character design of its lead female character.
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Prudenti, Richard. "Effective visual representation: graphic style and the communication of design intent." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39328.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Katie (Mary Catherine) Kingery-Page
Landscape architecture lacks evidence-based theory for the communicative effectiveness of graphics used in representing design ideas to stakeholders. For the purpose of this study, communicative effectiveness is operationalized as visual communication that expresses accurately the design in a way that the receiver understands the intentions — programmatic, experiential or otherwise — of the design. People need graphic representation to grasp abstract concepts, and drawings can help one imagine what a place can look like years down the road (Hester 2007). Graphics inform the viewer about essential elements of the design and the broader impact that design has on future experiences (Coe 1981). Knowing how people perceive and understand design graphics is key to communicating effectively to clients and other stakeholders. Graphic communication is complex, and no formula exists for communication in landscape architecture (Kingery-Page and Hahn 2012; Ware 2014). The questions guiding this study are: What graphic representation styles increase the non-designers’ understanding of design proposals? Do degrees of abstraction or realism affect understanding of the design drawing? I identified three research phases to adequately answer the questions: Phase One: Site Design Development — I designed a site plan for the Manhattan Arts Center (MAC), a community arts center in Manhattan, Kansas. Design intentions were carefully outlined based on stakeholder input. Phase Two: Graphics Production — Visual representations of the site design were developed in styles ranging from formal abstract to more realistic, based on review of precedent images in academic and professional architectural publications. Phase Three: Evaluation of Graphics Through Focus Groups— The communicative effectiveness of the representations were tested through three focus groups of stakeholders. Content analysis of the recorded focus group sessions revealed patterns of understanding the graphics. Overall, participants revealed that the more real the abstraction, the less understanding takes place. Formal Abstraction communicates the physical dimensions of the design most effectively, and Formal Abstraction has relatively the same communicative effectiveness regarding experience of place. Quantitative and qualitative data informed the creation of theories and a framework practitioners may use for selecting the most effective graphic communication options appropriate to project and audience. Key Words: Effective visual representation, visual communication, graphic style, Formal Abstraction, Semi-Realistic Abstraction, Realistic Abstraction, drawings, design intent, design ideas, accurate, perception, understanding, stakeholders, non-designer, landscape architecture.
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Diogo, Diogo de Bernardes Henriques e. Almeida. "Inter-industry analysis of the impacts and attitudes of a chat versus human representative." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/25320.
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Technology disruptions are known to keep on changing the way people interact with brands thus contributing to experiences that may or may not lead to better events if companies don’t invest on understanding the critical pain points in the consumer journey.
The aim of this dissertation is to understand the impacts that the implementation of a chat has on the user and compare this effect with the outcome that traditional agents have for similar situations, leading to an observation if there are differences when satisfying a need through digital or physical instruments. Other objects of research include investigating which are the drivers that lead to a better consumer experience through chat coupled with understanding which are the attributes that makes the software unique from all other platforms and which retract the acceptance. To finish, it is studied which are the current attitudes towards the inevitable diffusion of chatbots.
It was possible to conclude that for low involvement situations chat leads to underperforming valuations of loyalty, that the drivers of a satisfying experience are focused on the outcome whereas to foster loyalty it additionally needs to transmit sincerity, that the value added of this channel is its convenience and communication style although the impersonality and technical difficulties may repeal users and the sample is not yet comfortable with the upcoming of chatbots.As disrupções tecnológicas levam a que as pessoas mudem a maneira como interagem com as marcas, contribuindo para melhores ou piores experiências dependendo se as empresas investem em perceber os pontos críticos na jornada do consumidor. O objetivo desta dissertação é de perceber os impactos que a implementação de um chat tem e comparar este efeito com o resultado que os agentes tradicionais têm em situações similares, levando a perceber se existem diferenças na satisfação de uma necessidade através de meios digitais ou físicos. Outros objetos de pesquisa incluem investigar quais os fatores que levam a uma melhor experiência no chat, juntamente com a compreensão de quais os atributos que tornam o software único face a outras plataformas e também quais retraem a sua aceitação. Para terminar, é também analisado as atitudes atuais face à difusão dos chatbots. Foi possível concluir que para situações de baixo envolvimento o chat leva a avaliações inferiores de lealdade, que a avaliação de uma experiência satisfatória é focada somente no resultado providenciado, mas para gerar lealdade é necessária também sinceridade, que o valor adicional deste canal é a conveniência e o estilo de comunicação apesar de a impessoalidade e dificuldades técnicas poderem repelir os utilizadores e a amostra não se encontra ainda confortável com a iminente chegada dos chatbots.
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Suspiro, José Francisco Vaz. "Representation of chemical processes through discrete-event simulation." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/92479.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaEste trabalho estuda a dinâmica de processos químicos de um problema conhecido introduzido por Kondili et al. (1993). Com vista a minimizar o esforço computacional do modelo de otimização, um modelo de simulação de eventos discretos foi desenvolvido, retratando algumas características do sistema que o modelo de programação matemática tem dificuldade de capturar.O problema é modelado considerando vários aspetos estruturais das instalações industriais, bem como características detalhadas do processo, como taxas de transferência de material e a logística de transferência de material. Os resultados do modelo de otimização que não consideram essas características do sistema são contrastados com as estimativas obtidas pelo modelo de simulação. Além disso, o modelo foi formulado com base no plano de produção de forma a permitir a simulação de uma variedade ampla de instalações químicas com produção em lote, sem que haja a necessidade de ajustes significativos.O modelo de simulação mostrou-se eficiente em termos computacionais e, quando comparado com o modelo de otimização, proporcionou melhores estimativas da duração total de produção e dos perfis de utilização de armazenamento intermediário .
This work studies the dynamics of chemical processes from a well-known problem introduced by Kondili, Pantelides, & Sargent (1993). It aims to minimize the computational burden of optimization algorithms, by developing a discrete-event simulation model that portraits some system characteristics that the analytic methods have difficulties capturing. The problem is modeled considering several structural aspects of the plants, as well as detailed process characteristics such as material transfer rates and material transfer logistics. The results of the optimization model that do not consider these system characteristics are then contrasted with the estimates obtained by the simulation model. Furthermore, the model was formulated in a recipe-oriented way that allows for the simulation of a wide variety of different batch chemical processes with minor model adjustment.The simulation model proved to be computationally efficient and, when compared with the optimization model, delivered better total production duration and intermediate storage profiles estimates .
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Lai, Mengchun, and 賴孟君. "Gender,Ethnicity And Representations Of Maternity :Inter-Arts And Cross-Cultural Study On Third World Mother-Artists." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zbj7cv.
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博士輔仁大學
跨文化研究所比較文學博士班
100
This dissertation is explored from the consideration of my life not balance situation between the mothering- experience of my own, multiple roles in dialy life and my Ph. D. academic study. So the “individual is political” academic action of my Ph. D. dissertation will also have advanced to the cultural politics of cosmopolitan level from mothers issues in examing the situation that a mother’s voice in culture is usually absent, and on the other hand is the over western side of the cultural interpretation on a mother role. After the examination of western and third world mother theories and visual works, I present the arguments the specific characteristics and difficulty of a mother role is not merely from the questions as follows: “good or bad mother”, “biological motherhood “, “sex, gender mother”,or ”patriarchy.” So I propose the cultural identity as “third world mother-artists” to be the research subjects in combination with my personal mothering experience, speciality on visual culture studies and the concern abourt the third world and transnational minor ethnic groups beyond the mainstream West in order to the contribution purposes of differences of mother types and research perspective. So the study will not only present the fruitful results addressing between the politics of mother subjectivity, cultural narrative of family and the third world visual culture studies, but also the particular contribution on multiculturalism and transnational research on motherhood. This dissertation offers the encouraging creativity on the research field of visual culture and interdisciplinary arts. I draw on the theories and concepts of cultural studies and visual culture as the research methodology in the dissertation, and apply the productive theories such as post-colonial, marginal discourse and third world feminism to be the visual research approach to discuss the third world mother politics of subjectivity and marginal voice. I also intent to develop the methodology “inter-arts” and “cross-cultural” to investigate the specific characteristics and meanings of maternal representations on third world mother-artists based on the cross-ethnic method through differencial ethnic background and plural medium and style on contemporary African-American, Latina／Chicana and Asian-American three ethnic mother-artists creations. This project offers differencial research result on third world visual culture study in Taiwan. The three ethnic mother-artists individually show the differencial aesthetics of maternal representations be to the first research result in the dissertation. African-American mother-artist Renee Cox excecises the independent body and representations from herself／family, the negotiation to classial art history, and the salvation action from the heroine to constitute the aesthetics of erotic maternity, mediated maternity, black aesthetics of maternal salvation, and also proceeds to develop the maternal voice of postcolonial free action. Latina／Chicana mother-artist Yolanda López organizes the arts actions from finding motherline and belief on mother goddess, Mexican cultural identity and the politics concern abourt woman workers to constitute the guarding maternity, identical culture maternity and political caring maternity and also becomes the protector to the bordered maternal culture. Another Asian-American mother-artist Tomie Arai applies the historical representations of nameless mother, survived philosophy of Asian-American immigrant groups,the connection action to color ethnic social groups to orgazine the maternity of marginal voice, maternity of survive, maternity of social groups connection, and also carries out the the maternal caring philosophy on third world ethnic groups. Secondly, it have been integrativily concluded the specific characteristics and meanings of the maternal representations in the dissertation from the third world mother-artists. For one thing is the strategy of voicing based on the mother subjectivity as to resist the stereotype and cultural constitution from maintream the other. On the other hand is to constitute new subjectivity from cultural identity.So on the one part they try to resist the hegemonies from outside territory, and take back the self-power on body and mothering throughout experiences of mothering and mother role, and on the other part they pass on the values of belogings, empower, community paragenesis and life philosophy of maternal caring. Additional results are the representations of maternity from the third world also keeping the strong relation with the third world in the arts creativity contexts. And other characteristics are especially to regard the value of groups as important, and also usually present the mother role or mother culture to the spiritual connotation and special characteristics. To conclude, it applies the intertextual readings and comparative research on thrid world ethnic theories and visual creations on motherhood in the dissertation. The important things is the study have presented the penetrating academic viewpoints on subjectivity politics of third world mother- artists, specific characteristics and meanings of third world maternal representations, and multicultural mother images and theories. Future research will still proceed to the method and field of trasnational and area studies based on Taiwan to develop the research perspective of comparative culture/comparative arts, cross-cultural/inter-arts/cross-interdisciplinary, and hope to make contribution to the different and specific comparative academic research.
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Carvajal, Isabel Cristina Váron de. "Adopção inter-étnica: motivações, percursos de vida e inserção no meio." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/4487.
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O presente trabalho procurou estudar a adopção inter-étnica em Portugal, pouco estudada no nosso contexto. Para atingir o objectivo principal, foram realizados dois estudos: No primeiro, pretendia-se explorar, quais as motivações e experiências de um grupo de pais que adoptaram crianças de uma etnia/cultura diferente da sua. O segundo, pretendia identificar e analisar as representações de um grupo de técnicos de equipas de adopção, sobre a etnia e cultura da criança em situação de adoptabilidade e das famílias adoptivas. Deste modo, foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, com entrevistas semi-estruturadas de profundidade a treze famílias e um grupo de discussão focalizada, com nove técnicos de equipas de adopção. Os resultados do primeiro estudo, salientam que o ciclo vital nas famílias adoptivas é mais complexo. Ainda, estas famílias inter-étnicas por adopção, apresentam dificuldades acrescidas relacionadas com as características étnicas das crianças que tornam visível a adopção, por um lado, e todos os elementos da família são expostos a situações de discriminação e racismo, por outro. Devido a estes factos, as famílias entendem que são necessários serviços específicos, que prestem assistência à família e ao adoptado. Os resultados do segundo estudo revelam, que os técnicos, apesar de darem especial relevância à avaliação e à complexidade das motivações para adopção no processo de selecção dos candidatos, não preparam as famílias para fazer face às tarefas desta adopção específica. Por fim, são discutidas as implicações, à luz da literatura internacional e são propostas futuras direcções, para estudos na área da adopção inter-étnica em Portugal.The present study sought to study inter-ethnic adoption in Portugal, a domain that has been scarcely studied in our context. In order to achieve that goal, two studies were conducted. In the first study we aimed to explore the motivations and experiences of a group of parents who adopted children from an ethnic background different than their own. The second proposed to analyze the representations of a group of adoption services professionals regarding the ethnic background of children in adoption and adoptive families. Hence, a qualitative methodology was utilized, with semi-structured in-depth interviews to 13 families, and a focus group with 9 professionals from adoption services. The results of the first study highlight that the life cycle of adoptive families is more complex. Moreover, these families present added difficulties related to the visibility of the adoption, on the one hand, and the experience of discrimination and racism by all members of the families, on the other. Given these facts, families argue for the need of specific pre- and post-adoption services, which provide assistance to the family and the adoptee. The results of the second study reveal that professionals pay special attention to the evaluation and complexity of motivations for adoption by applicant families; however, they do not prepare them to face the specific tasks and challenges of this type of adoption. Finally, implications are discussed in light of the international literature and future directions for further studies on inter-ethnic adoption in Portugal are suggested.
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Bertin, Juliette. "Les auditeurs de France Inter : développement d’une pratique radiophonique." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25443.
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France Inter est la radio la plus écoutée en France avec un peu moins de 7 millions d’auditeurs quotidiens. Selon l’imaginaire populaire, l’auditeur type de la station serait un individu de classe moyenne ou supérieure, d’une cinquantaine d’années, Parisien, bobo donc par définition de gauche (Gustave & Péronnet, 2013). Ce mémoire s’interroge sur la nature de la relation entre les auditeurs de France Inter et leur station et comment est-ce que la représentation que l’on se fait d’eux influence leur pratique radiophonique ? Les renseignements sur ces auditeurs sont presque inexistants. Les théories de la réception de Stuart Hall expliquent qu’il n’y a pas « un type » d’auditeur et pas une seule manière de s’approprier le contenu médiatique (Hall, 1980). Ensuite, Pierre Bourdieu nous permet de déconstruire l’idée reçue selon laquelle les goûts seraient le fruit d’un choix délibéré, pris sans influence extérieure (Bourdieu, 1979). Le sociologue en vient à la conclusion que nos goûts sont traversés par des mécanismes sociaux de distinction. Ses recherches le mènent à établir une théorie sur les classes sociales, car nos goûts et nos pratiques culturelles peuvent aider à nous situer socialement. L’auditeur de France Inter est mis au centre avec des entrevues semi-dirigées permettant de répondre aux deux questions de recherche : comment est-ce que les auditeurs de France Inter développent et entretiennent l’écoute de cette station ? Et comment est-ce que la représentation que l’on se fait d’eux a influencé le développement de cette écoute ? Quatre influences sur l’écoute sont identifiées : sociale, familiale, sociétale, politique et de l’âge. Face à la représentation de l’auditeur, nos participants ne sont pas d’accord, car ils se basent sur leur propre réalité. Plusieurs se rejoignent néanmoins sur un point : sa curiosité intellectuelle et son besoin de s’éduquer. Toutefois, il est certain que cette représentation n’a pas d’impact notable sur leur écoute. S’ils reçoivent des remarques négatives, cela va seulement les pousser à, d’autant plus, écouter. Pour tous, cette station a eu et a encore une influence monumentale. Elle sert d’horloge, de repère et de compagnon quotidien. Elle affecte les humeurs tout au long de la journée, provoque des réflexions et informe sur le monde d’hier, d’aujourd’hui et de demain.France Inter is the most listened to radio station in France with almost 7 million daily listeners. According to popular opinions, the typical listener would be a middle or upper class individual, in his fifties, Parisian, a “bobo” therefore by definition from the left-wing (Gustave & Péronnet, 2013). This Master’s thesis questions the nature of the relationship between France Inter listeners and their station, and how does the representation we have of them influence their radio practice? Information on these listeners is almost non-existent. Stuart Hall's theories of reception explain that there is not just one type of listener and not one way to appropriate media content (Hall, 1980). Then, Pierre Bourdieu allows us to deconstruct the received idea that tastes are the fruit of a deliberate choice, taken without external influence (Bourdieu, 1979). The sociologist came to the conclusion that our tastes are shaped by social mechanisms of distinction. Bourdieu’s research led him to establish a theory on social class ; our tastes and cultural practices can help situate us socially. France Inter listeners are put at the center with semi-structured interviews allowing to answer the two research questions: how do France Inter listeners start and keep listening to this station? And how did the representation we have of them influence the development of this listening? Four influences on listening are identified: social, family, societal, political and age. Faced with the representation, our participants disagree because they are basing themselves on their own reality. However, many agree on one point: the intellectual curiosity and the need for education. It is certain that this representation does not have a noticeable impact on their listening. If they receive negative remarks, it will only make them listen even more. For all, this station had and still has a monumental influence. It serves as a clock, a landmark and a daily companion. It affects moods throughout the day, provokes reflections and informs on the world of yesterday, today and tomorrow.
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Arabali, Danial. "Eye, hand and space representations and causal interference in bihemispheric pulvinar-parietal circuitry." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C111-F.
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