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Books on the topic 'Internal and external analysis of the company'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Oldham, Peter. Marketing systems in Zanzibar: Analysis of internal and external marketing. [Zanzibar, Zanzibar]: Zanzibar Cash Crop Farming Systems Project, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Natural Resources, Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, 1996.

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2

Approaches to the individual: The relationship between internal and external conversation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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3

Abowd, John M. Internal and external labor markets: An analysis of matched longitudinal employer-employee data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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4

Melanson, John. Free vibration and stability analysis of spinning timoshenko shafts with external and internal damping. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1996.

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5

O'Sullivan, Noel. Internal versus external control: An analysis of board composition and ownership structures in UK takeovers. Loughborough, Leics: Loughborough University Business School, 1996.

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6

Wanshun, Qin, ed. Ren min bi nei wai jun heng lun: Renminbi : an internal and external equilibrium analysis. Beijing: Beijing da xue chu ban she, 2006.

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7

Siegel, J. J. Utility financial stability and the availability of funds for decommissioning: An analysis of internal and external funding. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1988.

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8

Bartholomew, Robin Andrew. Project specific analysis and categorisation for NPD appraisal and selection, and the choice of internal or external solutions. Manchester: Manchester Business School, Phd, 1998.

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9

Diamond, Linda Eve. Perfect phrases for writing company announcements: Hundreds of ready-to-use phrases for powerful internal and external communications. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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10

Survival plus: A management handbook : using realistic management techniques to conquer internal and external threats to company success. Radnor, Pa: Chilton Book Co., 1989.

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11

Koyō shisutemu to rōdō jōken henkō hōri: A comparative analysis of internal and external flexibility in the United States, Germany and Japan. Tōkyō: Yūhikaku, 2001.

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12

Kurokawa, Susumu. A comparative analysis of small technology-based firms in the U.S. and Japan: Their internal R&D capabilities and external technology acquistitions. Hikone, Japan: Dept. of Economics, Shiga University, 1990.

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13

Osipov, Vladimir. Control and audit of the activities of a commercial organization: external and internal. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1137320.

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The textbook reveals the role of control in ensuring the effective operation of a commercial organization, and sets its purpose and objectives. The main directions of external and internal control of the activities of a commercial organization are defined and the characteristics of the functions performed by them are given. The basic principles of external and internal audit are formulated, their purpose is defined, and the procedure for regulatory and legal regulation of audit activities in the Russian Federation is considered. The features of control over the activities of a commercial organization in management accounting are revealed, and the need for its further development in modern business conditions is justified. To consolidate the theoretical material, the practical and methodological support of the discipline is provided. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students in the bachelor's degree program 38.03.01 " Economics "(profile "Accounting, Analysis and Audit") and teachers of economic specialties, students of the postgraduate education system, practitioners related to external and internal control and audit of the activities of commercial organizations.

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14

Naderan-Tahan, K. Stress analysis of spherical shells with one and/or twoneighbouring nozzles under internal pressure and external loadingsby finite element method, a parametric survey. Manchester: UMIST, 1989.

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15

US GOVERNMENT. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: With analysis. Newark, NJ: LexisNexis/Matthew Bender, 2002.

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16

Zengeni, Dorothy. The impact of current visa regime policy on tourism recovery and development in Zimbabwe: Service quality in a public sector organisation : a comparative analysis of perceptions of accounts and their internal and external customers. Harare]: Human Resources Research Centre, 2011.

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17

Bu gan she nei zheng yuan ze yan jiu: Guo ji fa yu guo ji guan xi fen xi = Study on the principle of non-intervention in the internal or external affairs of sovereign states : analysis of international law and international relations. Xiangtan Shi: Xiangtan da xue chu ban she, 2010.

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18

Cullen, Louis. Early Japanese Trade, Administration and Interactions with the West. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781912961061.

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Throughout his academic career Louis Cullen’s main research interest has been foreign trade - originally that of England, Ireland and France, but from the mid-1990s, his focus turned to Japanese history resulting in his critically acclaimed A history of Japan 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds. Subsequently, he concentrated on the analysis of archival sources and of the problems they pose for the interpretation of Japanese history: papers on some of these themes and their associated statistical dimensions have appeared in Nichibunken’s Japan Review and are republished here together with a collection of other papers including interpreting Tokugawa history and the knowledge and the use of Japanese by the Dutch on Dejima island.

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19

Hansmann, Henry, and Richard Squire. External and Internal Asset Partitioning. Edited by Jeffrey N. Gordon and Wolf-Georg Ringe. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743682.013.3.

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This chapter analyzes the economic consequences of external and internal asset partitioning, and it considers implications of this analysis for creditor remedies. External partitioning refers to the legal boundaries between business firms and their equity investors, while internal partitioning refers to the legal boundaries within corporate groups. The chapter begins by cataloguing the benefits and costs of corporate partitioning; it then employs this catalogue to analyze the relative economics of external and internal partitioning. Non-partitioning functions of subsidiaries are also identified. The chapter then considers whether cost-benefit analysis predicts how courts actually apply de-partitioning remedies, with particular emphasis on veil piercing and enterprise liability. The chapter concludes by arguing that courts should employ the distinction between external and internal partitioning when applying creditor remedies that disregard corporate partitions, and it identifies factors—in addition to whether a partition is internal or external—that courts should consider when deciding whether to de-partition.

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20

Ogata, Takashi. Internal and External Narrative Generation Based on Post-Narratology: Emerging Research and Opportunities. IGI Global, 2020.

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21

Ogata, Takashi. Internal and External Narrative Generation Based on Post-Narratology: Emerging Research and Opportunities. IGI Global, 2020.

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22

Ogata, Takashi. Internal and External Narrative Generation Based on Post-Narratology: Emerging Research and Opportunities. IGI Global, 2020.

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23

Ogata, Takashi. Internal and External Narrative Generation Based on Post-Narratology: Emerging Research and Opportunities. IGI Global, 2020.

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24

Berry, M. C. Koop. The internal and external manifestations of militarization in developing countries: A cross-national empirical analysis. 1998.

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25

O'Sullivan, N. Internal versus external control: An analysis of board composition and ownership structure in UK takeovers. Loughborough University Business School, 1996.

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26

Dubber, Markus D. America’s Internal Penal Exceptionalism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744290.003.0006.

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Part III of Dual Penal State uses dual penal state analysis to generate a comparative-historical account of American penality. With comparative glimpses at Germany and, to a lesser extent, England, it distinguishes between two responses to the shared challenge of legitimating state penal power in a modern liberal democratic state: (1) the failure to appreciate the legitimatory challenge of modern state penal power in particular (United States) and of modern state power in general (England); and (2) the failure to address the legitimatory challenge of modern state penal power as an ongoing existential threat to the legitimacy of the state (Germany). Chapter 5 differentiates between external and internal American penal exceptionalism. External exceptionalism focuses on the comparative harshness of American state punishment compared to other countries’ criminal justice systems. Internal exceptionalism, by contrast, highlights the exceptional status of state penal power within the American legal-political project.

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27

McCleary, Richard, David McDowall, and Bradley Bartos. Design and Analysis of Time Series Experiments. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190661557.001.0001.

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Design and Analysis of Time Series Experiments develops a comprehensive set of models and methods for drawing causal inferences from time series. Example analyses of social, behavioral, and biomedical time series illustrate a general strategy for building AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) impact models. The classic Box-Jenkins-Tiao model-building strategy is supplemented with recent auxiliary tests for transformation, differencing, and model selection. The validity of causal inferences is approached from two complementary directions. The four-validity system of Cook and Campbell relies on ruling out discrete threats to statistical conclusion, internal, construct, and external validity. The Rubin system causal model relies on the identification of counterfactual time series. The two approaches to causal validity are shown to be complementary and are illustrated with a construction of a synthetic control time series. Example analyses make optimal use of graphical illustrations. Mathematical methods used in the example analyses are explicated in technical appendices, including expectation algebra, sequences and series, maximum likelihood, Box-Cox transformation analyses and probability.

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28

Kepes, Sven, and John E. Delery. HRM Systems and the Problem of Internal Fit. Edited by Peter Boxall, John Purcell, and Patrick M. Wright. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199547029.003.0019.

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Previous reviews of the fit perspectives in SHRM have had a pessimistic tone and concluded that there was little evidence of the assumption that ‘fit’ leads to organizational success, although most reviews did not specifically focus on internal fit. This article aims to revisit the theoretical foundation of internal fit and provide a review of the literature addressing this issue. Specifically, it sets out to explore the theory and research behind the internal fit perspective in an attempt to summarize and advance our knowledge behind HRM systems and internal fit. In doing so, it addresses the theory behind ‘fit’, the interplay between external and internal fit, issues of the level of abstraction (e.g. focus on HRM philosophies, policies, or practices in measuring HRM systems), different types of internal fit, problems stemming from levels of analysis issues, and the empirical evidence, before summarizing and concluding.

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29

Dixon, Sharon. Principles of biomechanics and their use in the analysis of injuries and technique. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0008.

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Biomechanics, defined literally, is the mechanics of living systems. Human biomechanics involves the study of mechanical aspects of human movement. It is the science studying the internal and external forces experienced by the human and the effects of such forces. Nigg and Herzog (2007) highlight that forces may result in movement of body segments, deformation of biological materials, or biological changes in the tissue(s) on which they act. Thus biomechanics can involve the study of human movement and factors that affect this movement, deformation of biological structures and factors that influence this, and the biological effects of locally acting forces on living tissue (e.g. effects on growth development or injuries)....

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30

Nobes, Christopher. 7. Internal decision-making: costs and volumes. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199684311.003.0007.

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‘Internal decision-making: costs and volumes’ looks at decision-making by managers. Management accounting is the provision of financial information to managers to assist them with internal decisions and to help them control organizations. Typical financial documents produced under this category are costing reports, break-even reports, and budgets. Types of cost and how cost information is used for break-even analysis is examined. What sort of decisions can management accounting help with? Why are some costs relevant and others irrelevant? How does a company decide at what volume to operate? What are indirect costs, and how are they taken into account in decisions?

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31

Wouters, Jan, and Michal Ovádek. The European Union and Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814177.001.0001.

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This book maps and critiques the European Union’s commitment to human rights in both internal and external affairs. The book covers the evolution as well as the current state of the EU’s engagement with human rights, focusing, on the internal side, on the role of EU law in the multi-faceted system of human rights protection and, on the external side, on the EU’s efforts to bind its foreign policy to promoting human rights. This book combines analysis of key developments with a wide of range of sources, including extracts from legislation, case law, policy documents, and research of other scholars. The inclusion of both primary and secondary materials is intended to develop a deep understanding of EU human rights law and policy. This title devotes significant attention to explicating the fundamental concepts and systemic features of the EU’s human rights protection and promotion. In addition, chapters devoted to individual topics provide more depth on a range of policy areas in both the internal and external dimension of EU affairs. Topics covered by these individual chapters and examined through EU human rights lens include non-discrimination and competition law, migration, trade policy, and development cooperation.

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32

Schütze, Robert. European Union Law. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198864660.001.0001.

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European Union Law uses a distinctive three-part structure to examine the constitutional foundations, legal powers, and substantive law of the European Union. This third edition includes an updated dedicated chapter on the past, present, and future of Brexit. Part I looks at the constitutional foundations including a constitutional history and an examination of the governmental structure of the European Union. Part II looks at governmental powers. It covers legislative, external, executive, judicial, and limiting powers. The final part considers substantive law. It starts off by examining the free movement of goods, services, and persons. It then turns to competition law and finally ends with an analysis of internal and external policies.

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33

Schütze, Robert, and Takis Tridimas, eds. Oxford Principles Of European Union Law: The European Union Legal Order: Volume I. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199533770.001.0001.

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Since the 1957 Rome Treaty, the European Union has changed dramatically - in terms of its composition, scope and depth. Originally established by six Western European States, the EU today has 28 Members and covers almost the entire European continent; and while initially confined to establishing a "common market", the EU has come to influence all areas of political, economic and social life. In parallel with this enormous geographic and thematic expansion, the constitutional and legislative principles underpinning the European Union have constantly evolved. This three-volume study aims to provide an authoritative academic treatment of European Union law. Written by leading scholars and practitioners, each chapter offers a comprehensive and critical assessment of the state of the law. Doctrinal in presentation, each volume nonetheless tries to present a broader historical and comparative perspective. Volume I provides an analysis of the constitutional principles governing the European Union. It covers the history of the EU, the constitutional foundations, the institutional framework, legislative and executive governance, judicial protection, and external relations. Volume II explores the structure of the internal market, while Volume III finally analyses the internal and external substantive policies of the EU.

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34

Lowrie, William. Geophysics: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198792956.001.0001.

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Geophysics is the physics of the Earth. It encompasses areas such as seismology, plate tectonics, gravity, and the Earth’s magnetic field, all of which give clues to both the structure and the working of the Earth. Geophysics: A Very Short Introduction describes the internal and external processes that affect the planet, as well as the techniques used by geophysicists to investigate them. It explains how analysis of the seismic waves produced in earthquakes reveals the Earth’s internal structure, and tells how heat is transported through its interior. Chapters describe how satellite missions measure the gravity and magnetic fields, and explain how its magnetic field shields the Earth against harmful radiation from the Sun and outer space.

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35

Cheffins, Brian R. The 1990s. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190640323.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 deals with the 1990s, a decade when changing market conditions dramatically affected perceptions of public companies and the executives in charge. Pessimism prevalent as the 1990s got underway would dissipate in a few years with the American economy and the stock market both thriving. Public company executives ended the decade riding high in a manner that was unmatched throughout the post–World War II era. Concomitantly, confidence in the efficacy of internal and external constraints affecting public company management grew substantially. Optimism about corporate governance would quickly dissipate, however, when public companies suffered a sharp reversal of fortunes as the 2000s got underway.

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36

Roy, Goode, Kronke Herbert, and McKendrick Ewan, eds. Part II A View Through Illustrative Contracts and Harmonizing Instruments, 10 Agency and Distribution. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198735441.003.0011.

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This chapter examines the different understandings of agency in common law and civilian jurisdictions, noting both its internal and external aspects and direct and indirect agency. It also examines the capacity of agents of a company, in particular its directors, to bind the company. The European Directive on Commercial Agents, which deals with the internal agency relationship, is a major development in this field and consideration is given to its scope and the approach to its interpretation. Less influential in practice has been the UNIDROIT Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods but its central provisions are examined alongside the agency provisions to be found in the UNIDROIT Principles and the PECL. Finally, consideration is given to franchising and in particular to the role which UNIDROIT has played in bringing about a greater degree of harmonisation in this area.

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37

Bobaljik, Jonathan David, and Heidi Harley. Suppletion is local. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778264.003.0007.

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Bobaljik (2012) proposes that the insertion of suppletive vocabulary items can be sensitive to features within the same maximal projection, but not across a maximal projection boundary. Among heads (X0 nodes), this condition restricts suppletion to synthetic formations and excludes suppletion in analogous analytic formations. In Hiaki, however, the number of a subject DP can trigger verbal suppletion in certain intransitive verbs. The verbs in question, however, can be shown by language-internal diagnostics to be unaccusative. Suppletion, then, is in fact triggered by an element within the maximal projection of the suppleting verb. The analysis supports the position that internal arguments are base-generated as sisters to their selecting verb (Kratzer 1996; Marantz 1997; Harley 2014). Further, we see that the locality condition does not distinguish between word-internal and word-external triggers of suppletion, but is rather a condition of structural locality, showing that morphological structure is, in a fundamental way, syntactic.

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38

Halperin, Sandra, and Oliver Heath. 6. Research Design. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198702740.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on the basic principles of research design. It first considers different types of research design, including experimental designs, cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, comparative designs, and historical research designs. It also discusses two types of research validity: internal validity and external validity. The chapter proceeds by describing various methods of data collection and the sort of data or evidence each provides, including questionnaires and surveys, interviewing and focus groups, ethnographic research, and discourse/content analysis. Finally, it examines six issues that must be taken into account to ensure ethical research: voluntary participation, informed consent, privacy, harm, exploitation, and consequences for future research.

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39

Schütze, Robert. Excursus: A Fiscal Affairs Exception? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803379.003.0007.

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Ever since 1957, the European Treaties made, with regard to goods, a fundamental distinction between regulatory and fiscal barriers to intra-Union trade. Fiscal barriers were here subject to a special constitutional regime. This constitutional regime was however not uniform and itself distinguished between (external) customs duties and (internal) taxes with both aspects being firmly rooted in an international model. Has this changed over the course of the past sixty years? Have the Treaty provisions on fiscal barriers been ‘federalized’and, if so, are they nonetheless subject to distinct doctrinal principles (like in the United States)? This final chapter explores these complex questions. Section I starts with an analysis of the legal structure of the customs union; Section II looks at the question from the point of ‘internal taxation’, and here in particular the question of double taxation.

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40

Matesan, Ioana Emy. The Violence Pendulum. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510087.001.0001.

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What drives Islamist groups to shift between nonviolent and violent tactics? When do groups move away from armed action, and why do some organizations renounce violence permanently, while others only place it on hold temporarily? The Violence Pendulum answers these questions and offers a theory of tactical change that explains both escalation and de-escalation. The analysis traces the historical evolution of four key Islamist groups: the Muslim Brotherhood and al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya in Egypt, and Darul Islam and Jemaah Islamiyah in Indonesia. Drawing on a wide variety of archival materials, interviews, and reports, each chapter narrows in on critical turning points in each organization, and shows the factors that best explain whether the group legitimizes and resorts to violence and develops an armed wing. The book’s main contention is that Islamist groups alter their tactics in response to changes in the perceived need for activism, shifts in the cost of violent versus nonviolent resistance, and internal or external pressures on the organization. However, escalation and de-escalation are not simply mirror images of each other. Groups turn toward violence when their grievances escalate, when violent resistance is feasible and publicly tolerated, and when there are internal or external pressures to act. Organizations may renounce armed action when violence becomes too costly for the group, disillusionment eclipses the perceived need for continued activism, and leaders are willing to rethink the group’s the tactics and strategies.

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41

Elwood, Mark. Selection of subjects for study. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.003.0005.

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This chapter discussed principles of subject selection and defines target, source, eligible, entrant and participant populations. Selection issues and selection bias may affect internal validity, external validity, and modify the hypothesis being tested. It shows methods to reduce selection biases and to define participation rate and response rate. Principles for the selection of the exposed or test group and the comparison groups are shown for all studies. In randomised trials, intention-to-treat analysis, contamination, blinding, data monitoring, stopping rules, the CONSORT format, and trial registration are discussed. For observational studies, it shows the purpose of control groups, issues of definition and choice of controls, institutional and community controls, and frequency and individual matching. Many examples are given.

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42

Simon, Gleeson. Part IV Other Risks, 19 Operational Risk Requirements. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0019.

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Operational risk is the ‘risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, and systems or from external events’. Banks are required to control their operational risk exposure. This chapter discusses the three approaches Basel 2 offers to determine operational risk: the basic indicator approach, the standardized approach, and the advanced measurement approach (AMA). The first two mechanisms which Basel provides for calculating operational risk eschew the analysis of operational risks themselves, and operate on a percentage of lead indicator basis. However, the third approach, i.e. the AMA, permits banks to assess the actual incidence and severity of operational risk within the institution, and to model a charge based on that information.

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43

Harris, Ron. The History and Historical Stance of Law and Economics. Edited by Markus D. Dubber and Christopher Tomlins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198794356.013.1.

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Law and Economics is arguably the most influential and controversial scholarly and jurisprudential movement in the U.S. in recent decades. This chapter first presents the pre-1970 intellectual bedrock of the movement. It then analyses the ways in which the formative period of the movement in Chicago (1970–1985) shaped the particular interaction between law and economics that the movement embraced—namely economic analysis of legal rules. Next, it surveys the expansion of law and economics beyond Chicago, as it became more pluralistic and global, and the challenges to its coherence and viability in law schools. Lastly, it evaluates the prospects for more historical orientation, given internal challenges and external opportunities, such as the turn to empirical legal studies and the institutional turn in economics.

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44

Bulmer, Simon, Owen Parker, Ian Bache, Stephen George, and Charlotte Burns. Politics in the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198820635.001.0001.

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Politics in the European Union examines the theory, history, institutions, and policies of the European Union (EU). The EU is a unique, complex, and ever-changing political entity, which continues to shape both international politics and the politics of its individual member states. The text provides a clear analysis of the organization and presents a well-rounded introduction to the subject. Complete and detailed in its coverage, including coverage of the eurozone, refugee crises, and Brexit, along with the latest theoretical developments, the text provides a comprehensive assessment of EU politics and policy at the start of the 2020s. The book is divided into four parts: Part One provides the student with a strong foundation in political theory and analysis; Part Two charts European integration from 1995 through to the 2010s; Part Three addresses the distinctive character of the EU institutions; and in Part Four, key EU policy areas, both internal and external, are covered.

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45

Zeman, Sonja. Expressing the selves. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786658.003.0008.

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By drawing parallels to neuro-philosophical approaches to self-consciousness that give up the notion of an a priori psychological self, Zeman argues that linguistic self-reference does not reflect the self as a holistic subject of consciousness, but as a set of different ‘selves’ that are commonly neutralized behind the personal pronoun ‘I’. The argument is grounded in an investigation of ‘multiple-perspective constructions’ (MPC) like the epistemic use of modal verbs, Free Indirect Discourse, and the ‘Future of Fate’ constructions where the subject is split in more than one dimension. The analysis shows that the impression of a holistic self emerges as a discourse effect based on the integration of the hierarchical relations between (i) an ‘internal’ and ‘external’ self with respect to the mental content, and (ii) ‘outside’ and ‘inside’ perspectives with respect to the communicative roles.

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46

Seham, Amy. Performing Gender, Race, and Power in Improv Comedy. Edited by George E. Lewis and Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.27.

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As taught by Viola Spolin, Keith Johnstone, and others, improv is a mode of playing that depends on group consensus, through such concepts as “agreement” and “groupmind,” as a basis for the release of individual creativity and the freedom to bypass both internal and external censorship. Improv comedy on stage, however, most often reflects the white, male, heterosexual perspective of its dominant players. This article explores the “spontaneous” performances of gender and race in improv comedy in light of power dynamics that often silence difference and encourage shallow stereotypes. Using Judith Butler’s theories and other approaches, the chapter then discusses improv’s potential for deconstructing gender performance. Detailed analysis of the work of the all-female improv troupe, JANE, reveals the wealth and variety of characters that can be improvised when choices of gesture, voice, and body language are playfully recombined across conventions of gender and sexuality.

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47

Schor, Paul. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book’s main themes. This book examines the population categories constructed and utilized every ten years by the US census. Approaching these categories from a historical perspective rather than a strictly sociological or political one permits their analysis as sites of internal and external mobilization. It also reveals the hidden evolutions by which the contents of seemingly stable categories changed while the definitions remain the same. Long-standing categories of race, such as white or black, have varied dramatically across periods and regions. Based on distinctions of origin and status—between free and slave, white and non-white, native-born Americans and immigrants or children of immigrants—over a period of a century and a half, from the creation of the federal census in 1790 to the 1940s, this study retraces the genealogy and evolution of these categories.

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48

Finlay, Stephen, and David Plunkett. Quasi-Expressivism about Statements of Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828174.003.0002.

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Speech and thought about what the law is commonly function in practical ways to guide or assess behavior. These functions have often been seen as problematic for legal positivism in the tradition of H.L.A. Hart. One recent response is an expressivist analysis of legal statements. This paper advances a rival, positivist-friendly account of legal statements which the authors call “quasi-expressivist”. It combines a descriptivist, “rule-relational” semantics with a pragmatic account of the expressive and practical functions of legal discourse. This approach is at least as well-equipped as expressivism to explain the practical features of “internal” legal statements and a fundamental kind of legal disagreement, while handling better “external” legal statements. The chapter develops this theory in a Hartian framework, and also argues (against Kevin Toh’s expressivist interpretation) that Hart’s own views in The Concept of Law are best reconstructed along quasi-expressivist lines.

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Jappelli, Tullio, and Luigi Pistaferri. Time, Habits, and Consumer Durables. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0013.

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This chapter reviews the most important sources of non-separability. In models with habit formation the marginal utility provided by today’s consumption depends on past consumption (internal habits) or on the level of aggregate consumption (external habits). The analysis of durable goods is similar in most respects to models with habits. Durable goods put a wedge between expenditure (which takes places in one period) and consumption (over multiple subsequent periods). Non-separability between consumption and leisure posits that the utility from consuming a good might depend on the amount of leisure time one has available. Another important deviation from the model with separable preferences is home production. Models incorporating home production assume that consumers allocate their time among three activities: work, leisure, and home production. Finally, collective models of behavior assume that household members have different preferences with regard to individual consumption, individual leisure time, and public (shared) goods.

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Weisband, Edward. Human Development and the Political Subject. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677886.003.0006.

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This chapter analyzes the etiologies of hatred. It explores psychic and emotional constructions of indifference, devoid of genuine passion. Such mentalized constructions of indifference partially result from secondary psychic representations. The alien self is described as a rival self-other captivated by mentalized constructions that prevent empathetic vision during mass atrocity. Sight becomes beholden to social fantasies that transform external realities into ghosts and internal apparitions perpetrators flail against. The analysis emphasizes the primacy of cultural influences. In so doing it outlines the concept of ego-ideal to show how cultural influences determine not what to desire, but rather discipline how to desire. Mimetic rivalry is understood through the conceptual lens of identicality and the fantasmatic tyranny of minor difference, comprised of political reifications functioning as supererogatory ideals. This chapter explores the relationship between aggressivity and narcissism and concludes by exploring semiotic initiation and entry into language and the Lacanian Symbolic.

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