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Coss, Benjamin Edward. "Designing out crime internal & external aspects of safety /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212089873.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisors: Jay Chatterjee (Committee Chair), Michael McInturf (Committee Chair). Title from electronic theses title page (viewed Sept. 7, 2008.). Includes abstract. Keywords: Crime Prevention; Architecture; Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. Includes bibliographical references.
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COSS, BENJAMIN EDWARD. "Designing Out Crime : Internal & External Aspects of Safety." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212089873.
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Kööhler, Fanny, Stefan Kling, and Björn Lundgren. "Förebyggandet av förskingring : i ideella föreningar." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14322.
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När forskningsöversikten utfördes hittades få artiklar som berörde både ideella föreningar och förebyggandet av ekonomiska oegentligheter. Syftet med studien blev därmed att finna kontrollmekanismer för styrelsen att använda sig av i ideella föreningar. Studien visar att; kunskapen i en styrelse och strukturen i en styrelse är nyckelfunktioner för att motverka förskingring. Studien beskriver lösningar för ideella föreningar hur att minska möjligheten till ekobrott. Faktorerna har tagits fram genom intervjuer från ideella föreningar som blivit utsatta för någon form av förskingring. Faktorerna är också summan av tidigare studier inom samma område. Rapporten är en tvärsnittsstudie där författarna har samlat in data och information från flera olika håll för att kunna finna olika mönster. Rapporten beskriver begreppen intern kontroll, firmatecknare, kompetens, extern revision, visselblåsning och berättande redovisning. Nämnda begrepp benämns i rapporten som kontrollmekanismer, vilka hjälper till att förebygga förskingring och kontrollera finanser i ideella föreningar. Även om styrelsen i en ideell förening idag är fungerande, kan kontrollmekanismerna hjälpa medlemmarna/styrelsemedlemmarna att få en större förståelse för styrelsens uppgift. I analysen och diskussionen resoneras fördelar och nackdelar kring förbättringsfaktorerna. Upptäckterna kommer från intervjuer gjorda på de olika ideella föreningar och de brister som visades från styrelserna. I analysen och diskussionen tas även fram nya synvinklar som inte fått utrymme tidigare i rapporten för att ytterligare belysa vikten av fortsatt forskning inom vårt specifika område.When the research review was conducted, no studies for non-profit organizations were found to prevent financial irregularities. The purpose of this study was to try to create a document that help the board in a non-profit organization by finding factors to prevent financial misappropriation. It is found in this survey that; knowledge in the board and structure of the board is key functions in order to avoid financial irregularities. These factors have been pointed out through interviews; where non-profit associations have been subjected to different types of misappropriations. The factors are also a result from analysis of previous research within the field. This study is based on a qualitative cross-sectional study where the writers collected data and information from more than one case in order to find different types of patterns. The study was helped by several semi- structured interviews in order to achieve its purpose. This paper describes the concepts; internal control, authorized signatory, competence, external audit, whistleblowing and narrative accounting. These concepts were analysed and developed later as improvement factors, factors that the board of a non-profit organisation can use. Even if the non-profit association has a fully functioning board today, the improvement factors can help the members to receive even greater understanding of the board’s mission. In the conclusion, the various improvement factors are presented as a result from analysis of the theoretical framework as well as from the empirical study. The factors are the findings of what was missing or not utilized well by the representatives in the case study. The authors find that if non-profit associations use these tools, preferably in combination of with each other, one can avoid being subjected to misappropriations in the non-profit association. New arguments for future studies arises in the analysis and discussion to show the importance of this field. This study is written in Swedish.
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Gažová, Iva. "Pojistné podvody." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232511.
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This diploma thesis deals with the problems of insurance fraud in our society. The thesis is divided into several relatively separate sections. The theoretical part describes a basic characteristic, classification and origins of insurance fraud and it deals with a general description of perpetrators of fraudulent actions. An analysis of fraudulent actions in life and non-life insurance is carried out in the theoretical part of the diploma thesis. This work characterises the importance and the mutual relationship between detection and investigation of fraudulent actions. It also highlights the facts which aid and abet insurance fraud. The aim of the practical part of the diploma thesis was to carry out an analysis of various insurance fraud cases in the realm of motor insurance according to the subject, object and the most frequent variants of fraudulent actions and consequently create a profile of the perpetrator of insurance fraud on the basis of the evaluation of the analysis. The practical case study of client’s expedient behaviour enables us to look on detection of the particular insurance fraud. The end of the diploma thesis deals with recommendations for the measures which should be taken to fight insurance fraud.
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Ida, Axelsson. "Riskuppfattning och äventyrs- trygghetssökande i samband med internationella resor." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-44495.
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Internationellt resande är en uppskattad och naturlig del av livet för många människor som lever i Sverige idag. Resande kan vara avslappnande, äventyrligt och en härlig upplevelse men det kan även innebära risker. Brottslighet, hälsoproblem, politisk instabilitet och terrorism är alla reala risker som turister kan råka ut för på sina resor. En risk innebär en osäkerhet om, och i så fall när det kan inträffa och det går inte att förutsäga. Denna osäkerhet innebär att turister får förlita sig på sin uppfattning av hur riskabelt det är att exempelvis besöka en destination med hög brottslighet. Personers riskuppfattning i samband med internationella resor har fastställts påverkas av yttre faktorer och inre faktorer. Personer motiveras även av olika faktorer till att resa och har olika åsikter och preferenser för vad de vill uppleva på sina internationella resor. En del av denna skillnad mellan turister har förklarats med att personer har olika behov av att uppleva nya, spännande och äventyrliga händelser på sina resor. Andra motiveras istället av att ta det lugnt och på ett säkert sätt uppleva vad destinationen och turistindustrin kan erbjuda. Turister kan särskiljas i två extremer. En extrem är människor som motiveras av äventyr och överraskningar, så kallade noveltysökare. Den andra extremen är människor som vill ta det lugnt och resa på ett tryggt sätt så kallade familiaritysökare. Personer kan även motiveras av delar en blandning från båda dessa extremer och kan då kallas för neutrala resenärer. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka riskuppfattning vid internationella resor samt att undersöka om det efter en indelning av respondenterna i novelty-familiaritysökande grupper går att fastställa några skillnader i hur riskabla de upplever att riskerna är under internationella resor. För att undersöka detta utförs en kvantitativ enkätundersökning. Med det teoretiska ramverket och den kvantitativa enkätundersökningen har slutsatser dragits utifrån uppsatsens syfte och frågeställningar. Respondenterna i undersökningen upplever att terrorism, politisk instabilitet, brott och hälsoproblem utgör risker under internationella resor. Terrorism var den risk som i högst grad påverkade respondenternas beslut rörande resande. Med sambandstester fastslogs att det finns samband mellan respondenternas uppfattning rörande riskerna och deras relations till yttre och inre påverkan. Respondenterna kunde utifrån deras preferenser och motivation för internationellt resande delas in i de tre grupperna familiaritysökande, neutrala resenärer och noveltysökande. Respondenternas tillhörighet i turistgrupperna och deras svar på hur riskabelt de upplever att de fyra riskerna är, sambandstestades. Utifrån detta går det att fastställa att noveltysökande turister upplever att riskerna terrorism, politisk instabilitet och hälsoproblem utgör en lägre risk under internationella resor än vad de familiaritysökande turisterna gör. Detta ger stöd till tidigare forskning som fastställt att ett sådant samband existerar.
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Pollard, Matthew. "Internal drama and external theatre." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436381.
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Cherniawsky, Debra Lynn. "External and internal environmental manifestations." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303489130.
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Subramanian, Uma Maheswari. "On internal and external syntax mismatches /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487760357821743.
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O'Sullivan, Cornelius Noel. "Internal and external governance in UK companies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10933/.
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The 1990s witnessed an increased interest in issues of governance and accountability in U.K. companies. In the wake of a series of governance reports (e.g. Cadbury, 1992; Greenbury, 1995; Hampel, 1998), U.K. companies have significantly altered their governance characteristics. The objective of this thesis is to examine the utilisation of governance mechanisms by U.K. companies immediately prior to the beginning of this governance revolution. My first objective is to ascertain the extent to which board composition and leadership, managerial ownership and external shareholder control were substitutes or complements in the overall governance strategies employed by large quoted companies at the beginning of the 1990s. My second objective is to examine the relationship between internal and external governance mechanisms. This is accomplished in two ways. First, I investigate the internal governance characteristics of takeover targets and a matched sample of non-targets to ascertain the influence of internal governance characteristics at various stages of the takeover process. The motivation for this investigation is a perception in the governance literature that takeovers represent a governance mechanism of last resort exercised only when internal governance structures are ineffective in aligning the interests of managers and shareholders. Second, I examine the governance characteristics of mutual and proprietary insurance companies. In mutual insurance companies, the functions of owner and policyholder are merged which eliminates the prospect of governance either through takeovers or through the ownership of substantial proportion of equity. The absence of these two governance mechanisms suggests that mutual insurers may place greater reliance on internal governance such as more intensive monitoring by the board of directors. In the case of large quoted companies, I find a significant substitution between the monitoring potential of both external and internal ownership and the utilisation of non-executive directors. I also find that companies with greater nonexecutive representation on their boards are more likely to acquire the complementary monitoring of directors' and officers' insurance and demand more extensive auditing. Managerial ownership is the dominant influence on the takeover process. Hostile and unsuccessful bids are associated with lower levels of managerial ownership while friendly and successful bids are associated with high ownership levels. I also find some evidence that hostile targets possess less independent boards compared to a matched sample of non-targets. In the case of insurance companies, I find that mutuals place greater emphasis on non-executive directors than their proprietary counterparts. Overall, my empirical analysis suggests that, at the beginning of the 1990s, U.K. companies emphasised different governance mechanisms depending on the specific monitoring problems they faced.
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Chalari, Athanasia. "The relationship between internal and external conversation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1120/.
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This study offers a definition, description, analytical theorisation and critical discussion concerning the relationship between internal and external conversation. 'Internal conversation' refers to the inner dialogues that individuals have with themselves· about themselves and the social environment, while 'external conversation' refers to those parts of internal conversation that the individual shares with others. The central question of this research, concerning the relationship between internal and external conversation, derives from a common observation which remains unanswered: why do people produce different external conversations or different actions or responses when they face similar social situations? In other words, why do people react in different ways to analogous stimuli or circumstances? The individual constantly interacts in a specific way with both her external environment and herself; this process links the inner and outer cosmos of each person. This relationship is formed according to specific phases and operations, and it constitutes an 'agential filter' comprised of certain stages that enable the individual to relate her internal and external conversations. The individual uses a specific process in order to decide which part of her internal conversation she will externalise. This process is defined as 'mediation' and operates differently for each individual. It does, however, have a common aim: the main objective of mediation is to achieve a subjectivelydefined degree of 'inner balance' between her inner and external world which is satisfactory to her.
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Bernhardi, Ernest F. III. "Typography: From Internal Conflict to External Content." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2100.
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This body of work represents a celebration and pursuit of realizing an alternative language, one capable of expressing internal conflict through process and response to external typographic form and content.
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Piemontese, Lavinia. "Essays on organised crime and Internal conflicts." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667743.
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En esta tesis analizo las consecuencias económicas de dos categorías de violencia: crimen organizado y conflicto interno. La literatura económica ha establecido que tanto el crimen organizado como las guerras civiles implican daños económicos. Por ejemplo, Abadie y Gardeazabal (2003) investigan el efecto económico de la campaña de terror vasca y estiman una reducción del PIB per cápita de aproximadamente un 10 por ciento. Asimismo, Pinotti (2015) estudia el efecto económico de la expansión de la mafia italiana en dos regiones que históricamente no han sido afectadas por este fenómeno y determina una reducción del PIB per cápita de aproximadamente un 16 por ciento. En esta tesis hago una estimación del coste del crimen organizado, estudiando las consecuencias económicas de una mala asignación de recursos ligada a la presencia de la mafia. También estudio el coste de conflictos internos teniendo en cuenta los efectos contemporáneos de guerras civiles y la crisis humanitaria provocada por estos acontecimientos violentos.
En el primer capítulo estudio cómo la respuesta de las empresas a la infiltración de la mafia puede generar costes económicos. Muestro teoréticamente que las extorsiones que la mafia impone a las empresas en el norte de Italia tienen como resultado una asignación de recursos que no es óptima, medida con la covarianza entre tamaño y productividad en cada industria. Este resultado se obtiene de un modelo de competencia monopolística en el que las extorsiones introducen una distorsión en la alineación del ranking de la productividad y del tamaño de las empresas. Verifico esta hipótesis usando un panel de datos con información sobre el rendimiento económico de 12 sectores en 46 provincias italianas entre los años 1998 y 2012. Usando la estrategia de triples diferencias, demuestro que en las industrias atractivas para la mafia en territorios con presencia de la mafia, la asignación de recursos empeora después de la llegada de la mafia.
En el segundo capítulo, desarrollo un método para estimar el coste económico de las infiltraciones de la mafia en la economía del norte de Italia. En particular, cuantifico la proporción de la producción que la mafia extorsiona a las empresas y las pérdidas de producción que esto implica. La novedad de esta metodología consiste en el uso tanto del análisis de datos de panel como de la econometría estructural. Los resultados sugieren que las extorsiones equivalen a entre un 1 y 8 por ciento de la producción de las empresas perjudicadas. Hago una simulación de lo que hubiera sido la economía de Italia del norte sin mafia y estimo el coste de la expansión de la mafia. El daño estimado es de aproximadamente 2500 millones de Euros. Solo un cuarto de este coste son las transferencias totales a la mafia; el resto corresponde a la contracción de producción de las empresas afectadas.
En el tercer capítulo, estudio las consecuencias económicas de conflictos internos. Este capítulo forma parte de un Informe del Banco Mundial Recovery from conflict: lessons of success (2017), escrito con Hannes Mueller y Augustin Tapsoba. En este informe estudiamos el impacto a largo plazo de los conflictos violentos para entender los costes de conflicto y las políticas para prevenir la vuelta al conflicto. En la primera parte analizamos los efectos contemporáneos de guerras civiles mirando el crecimiento económico de países o regiones que experimentan violencia. En la segunda parte, analizamos la crisis humanitaria provocada por una guerra civil, fijándonos en el número de refugiados. Mostramos que en un año de guerra civil, un promedio de 500 000 personas salen del país.
Abadie, Alberto, and Javier Gardeazabal. 2003. "The Economic Costs of Conflict: A Case Study of the Basque Country ." American Economic Review, 93 (1): 113-132.
Pinotti, Paolo. (2015), The Economic Costs of Organised Crime: Evidence from Southern Italy. Econ J, 125: F203-F232. doi:10.1111/ecoj.12235In this dissertation, I analyse the economic consequences of two categories of violence: organised crime and internal conflicts. It is well-established in the economic literature that both organised crime and civil wars imply significant economic losses. For example, Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003) investigate the economic effect of the Basque terror campaign and estimate a reduction of the GDP per capita of approximately 10 percent. Similarly, Pinotti (2015) studies the economic effect of the Italian mafia expansion into two regions not historically affected by this phenomenon, and measures a reduction of the GDP per capita of approximately 16 percent. Here, I estimate the cost of organised crime by looking at the economic consequences of resource misallocation linked to the Italian mafia presence. I study the cost of internal conflicts by taking a close look at the contemporaneous effects of civil wars and at the humanitarian crisis triggered by these violent events. In Chapter 1, I study how the response of firms to mafia infiltrations can generate economic costs. I explain theoretically that extortion racketing imposed on firms located in Northern Italy is linked to resource misallocation, which is measured using the within-industry covariance between size and productivity. Using a model of monopolistic competition, I prove that extortion racketing generates misallocation, because it introduces distortions in the alignment of the rankings of firms' productivity and size. I then test this hypothesis using a panel dataset that provides information on the economic performance of 12 sectors, located in the 46 Italian provinces, between years 1998 and 2012. Through a triple-Difference-in-Differences strategy I provide evidence that the industries that are appealing for mafia groups, located in territories that experience mafia presence, suffer resource misallocation after mafia arrival. In Chapter 2, I take the findings in the previous chapter to develop a method to estimate the economic cost of mafia infiltrations in the northern Italian economy. Specifically, I quantify the share of output that mafia groups extort from firms and the output loss that these transfers imply. The novelty of this methodology relies on the use of both panel data analysis and structural econometrics. The results of this analysis suggest that the transfer ranges between 1 and 8 percent of firm-level output for the taxed firms. I simulate the counterfactual northern Italian economy without infiltrations and estimate the cost due to mafia expansion. The results suggest that the northern Italian economy, between 2000 and 2012, suffered an aggregate loss of approximately 2.5 billion Euros. Only one fourth of this cost is the aggregate transfer to mafia groups. The remaining three fourths correspond to the contraction of production that impacted firms suffer because of resource misallocation. In Chapter 3, I study the economic impact of internal conflicts. This chapter is extracted by the World Bank Policy Report Recovery from conflict: lessons of success (2017), joint work with Hannes Mueller and Augustin Tapsoba. In this report we study long-term impacts of violent conflict, to provide insights into the costs of conflict and policies to prevent conflict relapse. In this chapter I present two sections of the original report. In the first one, we analyse the contemporaneous effect of civil wars by looking at the economic growth of country or region that experiences violence. Using panel data regressions we show that the economic growth of the impacted territories experiences dramatic decreases. In the second section, we analyse the humanitarian crisis triggered by civil war. We look at the close relationship between violence and refugees. We show that in the average civil war year around 500,000 persons leave their country. Abadie, Alberto, and Javier Gardeazabal. 2003. "The Economic Costs of Conflict: A Case Study of the Basque Country ." American Economic Review, 93 (1): 113-132. Pinotti, Paolo. (2015), The Economic Costs of Organised Crime: Evidence from Southern Italy. Econ J, 125: F203-F232. doi:10.1111/ecoj.12235
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Ma, Linlin. "Internal versus External Replacement of Mutual Fund Managers." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/finance_diss/23.
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I use a unique dataset of 1,808 mutual fund manager replacements to study the determinants and the subsequent impact of the choice between hiring the successor from within (internal hire) and outside (external hire) the fund family. I find that fund families prefer to replace their top performers with internal hires and bottom performers with external hires. External hires demonstrate superior ability to turn around bottom performing funds, but exhibit inferior ability to maintain the record of top performing funds. I find no cross-sectional difference in post-replacement performance between internal and external successors, indicating fund families, in general, make their replacement decisions optimally. I do, however, find that funds that deviate from the optimal decision have subsequent sub-par performance. Overall, the evidence suggests that portfolio managers play a pivotal role in determining mutual fund performance.
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Martinez, Lisa M. "Latino political participation: Internal diversity and external constraints." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289237.
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This dissertation addresses Latino political outcomes using a broadened approach along two dimensions. The first dimension considers contemporary theories of political participation by examining the impact of human capital, political engagement, ethnic identification, and organizational involvement on conventional and unconventional forms of participation. For the second, I extend political opportunity structure and resource mobilization models to make new predictions about how characteristics of the environment in which Latinos are embedded influence participation by Latinos as a group. I test these new predictions using three sets of dependent variables: broad, conventional participation (voting); broad, unconventional participation (e.g., boycotting, attending rallies, protesting); and Latino-oriented, unconventional participation (e.g., attending rallies in support of a Latino issue or concern; contributing money to or volunteering for Latino candidates). Data for the individual-level analysis are drawn from the 1989/90 Latino National Political Survey and the 1999 National Survey on Latinos in America. Using logistic regression, I test predictions about how individual-level factors influence Latinos' participation within the context of the larger political system. I find that resources, especially education, affect the likelihood of conventional and unconventional political participation. As well, organizational affiliation and recruitment increase the likelihood of involvement in conventional and less conventional political acts. The analyses also reveal considerable differences in the likelihood of being politically active among non-Latinos and Latinos as well as between Latino sub-groups. For the contextual analysis, I model the impact of state-level characteristics on electoral and non-electoral forms of political expression. I find some support for resource mobilization and political opportunity theories. Net of individuals' attributes, state-level characteristics affect voting and social activism, suggesting that the receptivity of the political environment influences participation.
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Sutherland, Robert John Davidson. "Internal and external labour markets : a synthetic approach." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324517.
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The elevenp apersa ssociatedw ith this submissionre flect a researchp rogrammeth at has as its centralc onceptualf rameworka synthesiso f the traditionally competing perspectiveosf the 'externalla bour market'andt he 'internall abourm arketýT he Holt and David 'stock! and 'flow' model of the former is integrated with Doeringer and Piore'sm odelo f labour allocationa nd utilisation within the organisationto createa 'syntheticp aradigmt!h at offers, it is argued,a moreh olistic insighti nto the operation of labour markets.O ne especialc onsequenceo f the use of this paradigm is the opening up of the 'black box! that is the f= in much of the traditional labour economics literature. Not only are policies of company recruitment and selection transformedto becomee ssential,in tegral elementsw ithin the researchp rogramme, the externall abourm arketc onsequenceosf thesep oliciesa re seent o havei mportant implications for the identification and analysis of 'problems' of the external labour market. For purposes of the introductory, synthesising chapter, the eleven papers are subdivided into three themes. After an essential, preliminary quasi-ideological discussion of the role of perspectives in the literature pertaining to labour markets, the subsequent, predominantly empirical papers focus upon two aspects of the interrelationships between internal and external labour markets viz. engagements i. e. flows, principally from the external labour market, into organisations; and separations ie. flows from organisations, principally but not exclusively to, the external labour market. The synthesising chapter demonstrates - and the accompanying papers evidence - both the viability and the efficacy of the 'synthetic paradigm! and illustrates the additional insights into the problems and policies of employment and Iabour markets which accrue from its application.
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Bobbitt, Curtis W. "Internal and external editors of Samuel Richardson's Clarissa." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720152.
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Samuel Richardson's second novel, Clarissa: or, The History of a Young Lady, one of the longest novels in English, has appeared in dozens of significantly different editions, many of them abridgments. This study examines the means by which Richardson and later editors altered the text of Clarissa, primarily by working with three variables: its epistolary format, its length, and its explicit moral lessons.The first half of the study reviews relevant scholarly research and traces Richardson's uses of internal editors in his four editions of the novel. Richardson's omniscient editor, the most visible and conventional of the internal editors of ClarissR, operates both inside and outside the epistolary framework of the novel. Inside, the editorial voice adds identifying tags to letters and summarizes missing letters. Outside, the editor emphasizes moral elements of the novel by means of a preface and postscript, numerous footnotes, a list of principal characters, and a judgmental table of contents. Richardson expanded the role of this editor in each of his successive editions.Richardson's mastery of the epistolary format further appears in his use of all the major correspondents as internal editors. Jack Belford operates most visibly, assembling correspondence to and from Clarissa and Lovelace to vindicate Clarissa's memory and instruct possible readers. Belford's Conclusion serves a similar function to the nameless editor's preface and postscript. Richardson also gave Clarissa, Anna Howe, and Lovelace editorial tasks, including introducing and summarizing letters, footnoting, and altering letters before showing them to someone other than the intended recipient.Each major correspondent also has a unique individual editorial function.The study's second half analyzes and compares seven abridgments of Clarissa published between 1868 and 1971, concluding that all seven drastically change the novel (yet in differing fashions) despite their retention of its plot and epistolary format.All seven external editors alter Richardson's stated intentions. Four variables shape the comparison: stated editorial intent, omissions, alterations, and additions. An appendix lists the contents of all seven abridgments by individual letter.Department of English
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Huang, Ching Choo. "Accounting for intellectual capital : internal and external reporting." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438779.
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Walsh, S. J. "Biphasic waveforms for internal and external atrial defibrillation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401795.
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Sandnes, Carl, and Björnberg Axel Gehlin. "Cross-platform performance ofintegrated, internal and external GPUs." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18390.
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As mobile computers such as laptops and cellphones are becoming more and more powerful, the options for those who traditionally required a more powerful desktop PC, such as video editors or gamers seem to have grown slightly. One of these new options are external Graphics Processing Units (eGPUs). Where a laptop is used along with an external GPU, connected via Intel’s Thunderbolt 3. This is however a rather untested method. This paper discusses the performance of eGPUs in a variety of operating systems (OS’s). For this research, performance benchmarking was used to investigate the performance of GPU intensive tasks in various operating systems. It was possible to determine that the performance across operating systems does indeed differ greatly in some usecases, such as games. While other use cases such as computational and synthetictests perform very similarly independently of which system (OS) is used. It seems that the main limiting factor is the GPU itself. It also appears to be the case that the interface with which the GPU is connected to a computer does indeed impact performance, in a very similar way between different OS’s. Generally, games seem to loose more performance than synthetic and computational tasks when using an externalGPU rather than an internal one. It was also discovered that there are too many variables for any real conclusions to be drawn from the gathered results. This as theresults were sometimes very inconclusive and conflicting. So while the outcomes can be generalized, more research is needed before any definitive conclusions can be made.
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Daniele, Cappelletti. "Between external and internal space : an urban transition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72623.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Page 283 blank. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 278-282).
The aim of this dissertation is to explore the evolution of both architecture and urban space, in terms of mutual relationship between solids and voids, with particular attention to two transitional moments of ancient and modern history: the Hellenistic and Baroque periods. This study is the result of the consideration that in certain periods, at least in western history, there is a clear predominance of either interior or exterior space in relation to architecture. If on one hand external space seems to predominate in Greek and modern architecture, interior space is prevalent between the Roman and the Renaissance periods. The hypothesis is that both the Hellenistic and Baroque periods represent intermediate phases in the historical transition between interior and exterior space and that this transition is manifested, through the transformations of the urban fabric, in the enclosed civic spaces of forums and squares. The methodological approach can be more easily described defining what this analysis is not meant to be: this examination is neither intended to be an urban theory nor a historical study. The intention is to interrelate theory and history, remaining distant from the necessary abstraction of urban design theory and, at the same time, avoiding the indispensable specificity and attention to details required by architecture history.
by Daniele Cappelletti.
S.M.
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Peng, Xinjia. "Linguistic Innovations in Chinese: Internal and External Factors." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22707.
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This dissertation seeks to deepen understanding towards language change by answering three questions: What is the unit of change? What is the manner of change? What are the factors of change? Three cases of linguistic innovation in the Chinese language are examined. Adopting a usage-based approach, I analyze the language data of these three linguistic innovations, and the results provide unanimous answers to the three questions. First, the basic unit of language change is a construction, and it can be of any length, such as phrasal, clausal or discourse-length. Second, these cases of linguistic innovation present a scenario of change led by high-frequency exemplars, demonstrating that language change can be abrupt rather than gradual. Third, the external factors giving rise to the exemplars prove crucial in reconstructing language change in progress. All three case studies present linguistic innovation as a response to a changing material reality. I thus advocate a usage-based constructionist approach that considers external factors in the investigation of language change, as it allows us to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the process.
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Fillion, Lila. "Governing Urban Agriculture: : Internal, External and Contextual Factors." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292290.
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ElectriCITY, a citizenship-driven economic association aims at making Hammarby Sjöstad the most climate-friendly district in Sweden. Their next step is to integrate urban agriculture into the neighborhood. Urban agriculture is, by definition, growing or producing food in a city. It allows, among other things, to increase access to locally grown food for the population nearby and to educate city dwellers on many aspects of agriculture. This project’s goal is to offer a large overview of urban agriculture and its different governance characteristics. In addition to the literature review and to have a better understanding of the relevant stakes of this field, the project was based on six different case studies that introduce various types of urban agriculture governance: SweGreen (Stockholm), Odlande Stadsbasarer (Stockholm), Nature Urbaine (Paris), the WandelGarten (Freiburg), the Tillsammansodling group of Viva (Gothenburg) and Greenhouse (Malmö). The study was built on desk studies, interviews, and two participant observations. It had a focus on the different governance characteristics of the urban agriculture approaches (internal, external, and contextual) based on a distinction between market-oriented projects and non-market-oriented ones. The findings showed similarities between the case studies on different points such as their approaches to sustainability or the need to have external partners and political support. They showed as well the importance to take into account the external and contextual factors for projects to be well-integrated into the urban system.
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Elrifaei, Eman. "MODE LOCKED RESONANCE VIA INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL REFLECTIONS." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1805.
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The goal of this research was to study the polarization effect on the achievability of mode locked laser signal in accordance to polarization dependency. Polarization characterization was studied in prior to mode locking to determine semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) polarization dependency. It was found that per SOA manufacturer a variation of dependency was recognized. Two setups were suggested based on dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) schemes, the external DSR with regenerative feedback and the total internal reflection (TIR) DSR. The laser operated at 1530nm for multiple SOA manufacturers and was capable of generating ultrashort pulses with different durations as listed in Table (3.2.3) and Table (3.3.2). For the external mode-lock, the maximum achieved average output power of 3.40mW corresponding to ~77.15fJ of output pulse energy through continuous pumping by gain modulation of an SOA used as the active medium. While the TIR mode-lock the maximum achieved average output power for mode-locked signal of 5.25mW corresponding to ~23.73fJ of output pulse energy.It was concluded that the output pulse of the external DSR setup showed polarization dependency for two SOAs A and C and provided mode locked signals with pulse width ranging between 1200ps and 1000ps with repetition rate approximately of 35MHz and 101MHz respectively. The TIR DSR had a variation in results also to be polarization related. While SOA D did not provide mode-locked signal output. The least polarization dependent SOAs E and X did not provide distinctive stable mode-locked signal. While increased sensitivity towards polarization however resulted in stronger mode locked signal for SOAs A and C with FWHM between 200ps and 350ps and a repetition rate of approximately 20MHz. For future work, it is recommended to adjust the setup length in addition to fine tuning polarizer and filters to improve pulse stability and eliminate the noise effect.
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Pei, Ker-Wei. "A Comparative Study of Internal and External Auditors' Judgment of Internal Auditor Independence." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331822/.
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The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence relevant to perceptions of internal auditor independence. Specifically, this study investigates how the auditor practitioners (both internal and external auditors) perceive the importance of five selected factors that characterize the organizational settings of an internal audit department. Role theory is the frame of reference used to develop the conceptual model for this study in which the judgment of internal auditor independence is viewed as the role perception of internal auditors. A modified version of the Brunswik's lens model was developed to provide "paramorphic" representation of judgment of independence. The research methodology of this study is based upon a laboratory experiment in which a replicated factorial design was used to elicit the subjects' judgments of independence. The data collected from this experiment were analyzed by three statistical methods: conjoint measurement, multiple regression, and cluster analysis. The major findings follow. First, the five selected factors were not perceived as equally important by the subjects. In general, internal auditor's scope of audit. scope o^ service, and reporting level were perceived as more important than adequacy of organizational support. and formalization of audit policies. Second, the two groups of auditors disagree, significantly, on the relative importance of scope of internal audit service. Third, while large individual differences existed on the relative importance of the five selected factors, the degree of judgment consensus, in general, is high within each auditor group. Fourth, the internal auditor's perceived role conflict and role ambiguity were inversely related to his perceived level of professional autonomy. Finally, the internal auditors' judgments were not notably affected by the perceptions of their own organizational environment. However, as evidenced by the different types of experienced role conflict and ambiguity, the nature of these auditors' environment varied considerably, Given the above findings, the following implications are suggested: First, the organizational settings are critical of internal auditor independence. Improperly structured settings not only affect the perceived independence but also are detrimental to professional autonomy — de facto independence. Second, rule making bodies should provide more explicit guidelines concerning internal audit independence evaluation, particularly, in the area of scope of internal audit service. Third, while the auditor's reporting level is an important factor to independence, it should not be the only consideration. Other factors, such as the ones used in this study, should be also evaluated to avoid misleading results.
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Urbanavičiūtė, Ieva. "The Internal and External Factors of Vocational Path Choice." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100204_100201-30861.
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The main objective of the doctoral thesis was to analyze the features of one’s vocational path during the time of undergraduate studies. Undergraduate studies can be treated as a pathway of transition from school to the world of work. Therefore, it is especially important to identify what makes vocational choice successful during this period of time. In the study, several psychological success indicators of vocational path choice were distinguished. Moreover, the following factors were analyzed as their possible predictors: internal-cognitive factors (self-efficacy and vocation-related expectations), internal-personality factors (Big Five trait dimensions), external factors (situational-demographic characteristics). The study was conducted in the framework of Social Cognitive Career Theory. 625 undergraduates representing various Lithuanian universities took part in the main study. The results provide a basis for distinguishing the most important factors of vocational path choice during the transition period, i.e., those factors that most strongly relate either to vocational choice success indicators or to the adequacy of its planning. In the discussion, both theoretical implications and practical recommendations are provided.Disertacijoje nagrinėjami profesinio kelio ypatumai bakalauro pakopos studijų metu – pereinamuoju laikotarpiu tarp mokyklos baigimo ir įėjimo į darbo pasaulį. Darbe buvo siekiama išskirti psichologinius sėkmingo profesinio kelio pasirinkimo rodiklius bei įvertinti, kokie veiksniai jiems turi daugiausiai reikšmės. Remiantis socialine kognityvine karjeros teorija ir pereinamojo laikotarpio tyrimų apžvalga, nagrinėti vidiniai kognityviniai (įvairūs saviveiksmingumo aspektai, profesiniai lūkesčiai), asmenybės (Didžiojo Penketo asmenybės bruožai) ir išoriniai (situaciniai-demografiniai) veiksniai. Tyrime dalyvavo 625 įvairių Lietuvos universitetų bakalauro pakopos, 1–4 kurso studentai. Gauti rezultatai leidžia išskirti svarbiausius vidinius ir išorinius profesinio kelio veiksnius – tuos, kurie pereinamuoju laikotarpiu labiausiai sietini su sėkmingu profesinio kelio pasirinkimu ar adekvačiu jo planavimu. Aptariant tyrimo rezultatus, diskutuojama tiek jų reikšmė teorine prasme, tiek pritaikymo galimybės profesinio orientavimo ir konsultavimo praktikoje.
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Palmer, Paul William. "External regulation and internal control in the charity sector." Thesis, City University London, 1995. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7780/.
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The thesis comprises an analysis of the regulation of the charity sector and its managerial implications, focusing on internal control. The thesis begins with an introduction which outlines the aim of the thesis, research design and method, and is divided into four further interlinking but self contained chapters with appendices. The second chapter reviews the definition problem of charity; the debates on politics, convergence and religious influences; a critical evaluation of the Salamon and Anheier hypothesis; the problem for statistical analysis and new developments. The third chapter places charity into an historical, political and economic context; the 'spirit' of charity is reviewed; the emergence and dismantling of the statutory welfare state is discussed and the policy implications for the future direction of charity. The fourth chapter looks at the history of charity regulation and the events which led to the establishment of the permanent Charity Commission. The 1987 criticisms are considered from the perspective of how much was the Commission itself to blame. The new system of regulation and the charity accounting standard are described and appraised against theoretical perspectives. International comparisons are made and the British system evaluated. The fifth chapter looks at the regulatory focus, the charity trustee. The role of the trustee is considered against the new legislation and managerial perspectives of the ideal trustee are considered. Liability and risk considerations, we argue, inevitably focus on an evaluation of control systems. The absence of information on control functions in charities is considered and why a survey was deemed necessary. A synopsis of the findings in 1991 and their relevance in 1995 is discussed, which offers comfort and concerns about internal control in the larger charities. In the appendix are the full results of the 1991 Internal Audit Survey and the European Survey of Audit, Accounting and Supervision Practices. The Conclusion provides a combination of practical suggestions for improvements of internal control in charities and suggestions for the Charity Commission as it embarks upon a more pro-active role. Future directions for research in this field are recommended.
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Cartledge, Nicholas P. "External and internal magnetohydrostatic models of quiescent solar prominences." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14029.
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Quiescent solar prominences are amongst the most interesting and yet least understood of the phenomena observed on the Sun and provide both the theorist and the observer with equally demanding challenges. The theoretical study of prominences is an important branch of solar physics as it contributes significantly to the overall understanding of the Sun and its atmosphere. One only needs to be presented with the illuminating fact that there is more mass contained in these bodies than in the remainder of the entire corona to be convinced of their importance. Although many of the physical mechanisms associated with prominence theory are important in their own right, they are also of much wider relevance for various other astrophysical phenomena. For example, radiative and magnetic instabilities are explored in detail in the context of solar prominences; yet clearly these are important processes that relate to many other branches of astrophysics. Prominences are intimately associated with solar flares which occur when a prominence loses equilibrium. Also, prominence eruptions are very important as they are closely connected with coronal mass ejections. These account for a large fraction of the total mass lost from the Sun and so are extremely important events, particularly when one considers the consequences as this plasma interacts with the Earth's environment. It is the period of global equilibrium of quiescent prominences, though, that is the focus of this thesis. Various models are proposed to help understand both the topology and supporting mechanisms of the external, coronal magnetic field, and also the internal prominence structure and the way in which the two regimes fit together. In Chapter 3 we extend a model for the equilibrium of a prominence sheet in a twisted magnetic flux-tube, given by Ridgway, Priest and Amari (1991), to incorporate a current sheet of finite height. This removes the discontinuity at the edge of the tube and provides a shear-free outer boundary which enables the tube to be matched onto a background potential field. In addition, internal prominence solutions are found by expanding the sheet to a finite width and matching suitable magnetic profiles across this region. Next we consider a global model for the magnetic field structure surrounding a polar-crown prominence. We examine potential configurations generated from typical distributions of photospheric flux, and select solutions for which there is a location of dipped magnetic field where prominence material may collect and form. Once such a configuration is available, it is necessary to construct the ensuing prominence solution. We achieve this in Chapter 4 by considering a simplified form for the photospheric field. We show that the equilibrium contains a weighted, curved prominence sheet supported in the location of dipped magnetic field. The equilibrium requires an enhanced magnetic pressure below the sheet to support the component of weight in the normal direction. The internal equilibrium of curved or inclined prominence material has not been considered previously and so we formulate, in Chapter 6, a simple one-dimensional isothermal solution for a cut across the prominence. This is developed to allow for variations along the sheet and in this way an internal solution for the curved prominence of Chapter 4 is given, which matches onto the external potential polar-crown field. Finally, in Chapter 7, we rewrite this solution in terms of its constituent internal and external components and show how the composite solution switches between the two in a region of overlap, or transition region. From this, the internal plasma properties are deduced and realistic profiles for the pressure, density and temperature are obtained.
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Parker, Deborah A. (Deborah Ann). "Influence of Internal/External Instructions on Children's Moral Judgments." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500590/.
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Past research, guided by Piaget's and Kohlberg's theories of moral development, has shown that young children base their moral judgments on the consequence of the story protagonist's behavior while older children base their judgments on the protagonist's intent. Three age groups of children (144 subjects) heard four stories and were placed in three conditions to investigate whether their judgments could be influenced by asking them to pay attention either to why the protagonist did what she or he did or to what happened in the story, or given no instructions. As age increased, children's recall of stories and use of a protagonist's intention as a reason behind their judgments increased. Judgment scores followed the same pattern for all ages. Results were discussed in terms of social-emotional and cognitive development.
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Pei, Zhi. "Internal and External Drivers of Consumers’ Product Return Behaviors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804862/.
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Product return is a necessary part of the exchange process between companies and customers. It accounts for approximately 16% of total sales and a reduction in retailer / manufacturer profits by 3.8% on average. However, industry data also indicates that a significant portion of products are returned for reasons other than product failure – e.g., change of mind, found a lower price elsewhere, or fraudulent and unethical reasons. Consequently, many firms (e.g., REI) have altered their generous return policies to protect their profits. However, it’s been found that the restricted return policy could also reduce customer satisfaction, increase the perceived risk, and thus negatively affect customers’ loyalty towards a particular store or firm. Thus having a restrictive return policy does not help either. Extant literature mainly focuses on return policies. Little attention has been devoted to the product return behavior itself, thus missing the consumer’s perspective. This study, therefore, focuses on understanding consumers’ return behaviors, including different types of return behaviors, and the drivers and consequences of these different return behaviors. Towards this goal, this study first categorizes all possible types of consumers’ return behaviors into two broad categories - legitimate return behaviors and opportunistic return behaviors. Second, both internal (i.e., variety seeking, impulsiveness, perceived uniqueness, materialism, level of morality, and self-monitoring) and external drivers (i.e., product compatibility, returning cost, perceived risk, complexity of procedure, and social group influence) of consumers’ product return behaviors are identified. Third, the relationship between these drivers of return behavior and the type of return behavior are examined. Finally, the influence of these two different types of return behaviors on consumer’s re-patronage intention is examined. This study uses a survey method to collect data in two phases - pilot phase and main study. In the pilot phase, data were collected from students and used to assess the factor structure, reliability and validity. In the main study, data were collected from both students (N=367) and non-students using M-Turk (N=395). The psychometric properties of the scale items were once again assessed using covariance based Confirmatory Factor Analysis procedure. Finally, multivariate regression was used to test the hypothesized relationships between the drivers of return behavior, types of return behavior, and the re-patronage intention. The findings indicate that product compatibility and desire for uniqueness negatively influence legitimate return behavior; whereas impulsiveness, perceived risk and social group have a positive influence. For opportunistic return behavior, social group and immorality positively influence both legitimate and opportunistic return behavior. However, other drivers have no influence on consumers’ return behavior. Finally, legitimate return behavior positively influences consumer’s re-patronage intention, while opportunistic return behavior has a negative influence. This study makes two major contributions. First, it contributes to the theoretical understanding of complex return behavior, including legitimate return and opportunistic return behavior, and thus adds depth to the literature of product returns. Second, by identifying the drivers of product return behaviors such as product compatibility, perceived risk of keeping the product, social group influence, and immorality, this study offers managers knowledge that will help reduce product returns, thus increasing their profits.
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Solywoda, Stephanie. "Internal visions, external changes : Russian religious philosophy 1905-1940." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:57d397d1-0a4d-484b-b325-a2977c5f23b7.
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This thesis tests the hypothesis that between 1905 and 1940 Russian religious philosophy changed, and that this can be gauged by looking at how the meanings of four ideas (all-unity, sobornost', Sophia and Godmanhood) changed in that time. By looking at religious philosophy through these ideas we can better understand the intellectual climate of the period. The proposal that Russian religious philosophy should be considered a coherent school of thought and the hypothesis that it would be useful to look at its four central ideas are raised and challenged. The theory that a 'discourse' of religious philosophy united texts in this period is examined, and it is concluded that discourse theory can act as an aid in analysis of religious philosophy. Religious philosophy before the Revolution, the history of the Revolution and its influence on philosophy are examined and its productivity is explored. Post-revolutionary Russian religious thought focusing on the experience of exile is also examined, concluding that the political and social upheaval that Russians were subjected to in the first half of the twentieth century added to and complicated the meaning of the Revolution. Themes of isolation and exclusion become more prevalent in emigration, and religious philosophy also becomes more theological. The findings of this research are (1) that changes within religious philosophy took place and can be detected through the careful study of the ideas that make up this philosophy; (2) that these changes can only partially be attributed to external circumstances because internal constraints also affected the capacity of these ideas to change; (3) that these changes were part of a decline in production, popularity or relevance of religious philosophy; and (4) that it is possible to explain why certain areas of their use remained relevant while others became obsolete.
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Fernandes, Ronald, Michael Graul, John Hamilton, Burak Meric, and Charles H. Jones. "DEVELOPING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL TRANSLATORS FOR DATA DISPLAY SYSTEMS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604905.
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ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe focus of this paper is to describe a unified methodology for developing both internal and external data display translators between an Instrumentation Support System (ISS) format and Data Display Markup Language (DDML), a neutral language for describing data displays. The methodology includes aspects common to both ISSs that have a well documented text-based save format and those that do not, as well as aspects that are unique to each type. We will also describe the means by which an external translator can be integrated into a translator framework. Finally, we will describe how an internal translator can be integrated directly into the ISS.
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Woodard, Karen E. "Weaving together women's learning experiences in internal and external transitions." Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/685.
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Kim, Jeong-Ki. "External and internal restrictions on PRRSV replication in cell culture /." Search for this dissertation online, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Axén, Wrigfors Caroline, and Karin Eliasson. "Strategic Management : A combination of the internal and external perspective." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1495.
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Strategic management has long been viewed as the concept and process that link an organization
and its environment together (Leibold, Probst & Gibbert, 2002). It consists of the
analysis, decisions and actions an organization undertakes in order to create and sustain
competitive advantages (Dess, Lumpkin & Taylor, 2005).
Within the history of strategic management research there has been an unbalance between
the internal and the external perspective. During the 1980s Michael Porter, one of the most
prominent strategic management researchers, and his Five Forces model focused strictly on
the external competitive environment (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand & Lampel, 1998). Further, in
the 1990s the focus shifted from external to internal along with Jay Barney’s development
of the resource based theory in 1991 (Barney, 1991). The issue of excluding one or the
other perspective has now started to be acknowledged and researchers today are striving
for developing models integrating both perspectives. However, theoretical models existing
today that combine the two perspectives are complex and hard to apply in practice for
managers within the business world.
In order to address the complexity of the strategic management concept we have chosen to
develop a model with the purpose to connect and relate the external and internal perspectives
by conducting an in-depth analysis of a chosen company. The model also strives to be
easily communicated, applicable and understandable for managers and employees on different
levels within the organization. This leads us to the purpose of this thesis: “to develop
a simplified model that combines the external and internal perspective of strategic management
and apply this to a chosen company”.
The research was conducted through a case study based on the authors’ participation in a
PBM (Project Based Module) - project. The model was tested on the company in question
by analyzing the company’s internal and external environment with the means of analysis
tools such as PEST-analysis, strategic group analysis, threshold analysis and the SWOTanalysis.
To conclude it is important to balance an organization’s internal efforts with the external
market conditions and avoid excluding one or the other from the strategic management
process. Combining the two perspectives results in identifying the current capabilities and
competences and the direction of how to use these in order to meet market demands and
gain competitive advantage.
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Solanki, Niraj. "Effect of external pulse on solid propellant rocket internal ballistics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0028/MQ50491.pdf.
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Ariyawardena, T. M. D. Nihal. "Prestressed concrete with internal or external tendons, behaviour and analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ54766.pdf.
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LeBlanc, Karen. "Weaving together women's learning experiences in internal and external transitions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/MQ54632.pdf.
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溫智偉 and Chi-wai Andrew Wan. "Internal and external analysis of Hong Kong's air cargo industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41717156.
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Ayano, Seiki. "The layered internal structure and the external syntax of PP." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4950/.
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This thesis examines the properties of spatial (i.e., locational and directional) Ps within the minimalist framework (Chomsky 1995,1998,1999), which has put an ultimate emphasis on economy in terms of derivation and representation. The principal goals of this thesis are (i) to investigate how the syntax of such nature derives PPs in accordance with the properties of Ps and (ii) to show how the internal PP structure interacts with the external syntax of PP. Chomsky's minimalist framework assumes two syntactic operations, i.e.. Merge and Move, and two different types of outcome of the operations, depending on the properties of lexical items involved in each operation executed. One outcome results from a merger of two items, of which one selects the other. The other results from a merger of two items, neither of which selects the other. I propose that there are three heads involved in deriving a layered PP structure: functional p, lexical P and locative N. This analysis is shown to be empirically supported from languages such as Dutch, English, Hungarian, Japanese and K'ekchi. I also claim that there are also intransitive Ps that adjoin to either or pP. The internal structure of PP interacts with its external syntax. One apparent area of grammar that shows desirable consequences for the layered PP analysis is P-to-V incorporation. For instance, the incorporability versus the unincorporability of Ps in Dutch can be accounted for by the principle (i.e.. Minimal Link Condition) that forbids skipping over an intermediate head, thus supporting the layered structure of PP. Another area offering support is locative inversion: the presence versus the absence of locative N head in PP can account for a contrast observed in locative inversion facts. Provided that an EPP-feature of T is category-specific, a contrast between PPs that can undergo movement to [Spec, T] and those that cannot stems from their respective internal structures.
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Wan, Chi-wai Andrew. "Internal and external analysis of Hong Kong's air cargo industry." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41717156.
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Zarif, Maseh. "Counter-narcotic strategy in Afghanistan internal implications and external lessons /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/441960751/viewonline.
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Bulloch, E. Chrissy. "Examining Predictors of Optimism in Adolescence: Internal and External Factors." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2964.
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This study examined the relationship between parenting, adolescent personality, and adolescent optimism. Four hundred and eighty families with at least one adolescent child in the Seattle, Washington area completed a series of questionnaires assessing parenting style, personality, and optimism. Results from hierarchical regression analyses indicated that there is a small, yet significant, portion of the variance in optimism explained by parenting and personality individually, but that the relationship between optimism, parenting, and personality dynamics is far more complex than originally anticipated. Further research is needed to examine the nature of these relationships and to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the predictors of optimism.
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Tapia, Camú Cristóbal Arnoldo. "Internal and external reinforcements for holes in glued laminated beams." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/133158.
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Ingeniero CivilEl uso de vigas laminadas encoladas requiere con frecuencia la inclusión de aperturas, con el fin de cumplir con especificaciones arquitectónicas, tales como ductos de ventilación o instalaciones sanitarias, entre otros. La perforación produce concentraciones de esfuerzos de tracción perpendiculares a la dirección de las fibras en la región que bordea la apertura, promoviendo el inicio de una grieta. El Anexo Nacional Alemán (NA) para la norma Europea de diseño de estructuras de madera EN 1995-1-1 provee reglas de diseño para esta situación, incluyéndose aperturas sin reforzar, así como también el uso de uno de entre dos tipos de refuerzos: internos (tipo barra) o externos (tipo placa). Esta tesis analiza diferentes modelos de elementos finitos (EF) para describir la influencia de refuerzos internos dentro de un elemento de madera laminada encolada. Se observa que modelos 2D tienden a sobrestimar la influencia de los refuerzos internos, mientras que el uso de elementos unidimensionales (lineas), para representar los refuerzos internos dentro de un modelo 3D de la madera laminada encolada, resulta en una clara subestimación de dicha influencia. En otro punto, la posición de los refuerzos internos relativos al punto medio de la sección transversal, influye en la cantidad de fuerza vertical que el refuerzo es capaz de transferir. Esto se debe a la anisotropía cilíndrica que caracteriza a las laminas individuales, lo cual gobierna el comportamiento constitutivo de la madera laminada encolada como material. Las ecuaciones de diseño contenidas en DIN EN 1995-1-1/NA son revisadas y comparadas contra resultados de EF, donde ciertas discrepancias son encontradas y presentadas. Con base en estos resultados, nuevas ecuaciones son desarrolladas, las cuales contienen coeficientes que son posteriormente calibrados haciendo uso de los datos obtenidos de los modelos de EF. Una relación de dependencia con el tamaño para las concentraciones de esfuerzos es encontrada en las ecuaciones aquí derivadas, esto debido al uso de un radio constante en las esquinas de las aperturas rectangulares, lo cual obedece a una práctica común en la manufactura de las mencionadas perforaciones. Un radio de esquina dependiente de la geometría de la viga resolvería parte de este problema. Finalmente, una serie de test relativamente grande ---la cual incluye algunas vigas de pino Radiata de Chile--- es llevada a cabo, con el fin de evaluar la efectividad de cada tipo de refuerzo, así como para validar los modelos de EF utilizados en las etapas anteriores. En general se obtiene una concordancia satisfactoria entre los experimentos y los resultados de las simulaciones.
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Van, Staden Marianne. "Conceptualising balanced reliance on internal audit work by external auditors." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78501.
Full textAbstract:
Reliance refers to the incorporation of internal audit work into audit evidence during statutory external audits. Inappropriate reliance undermines audit effectiveness and quality while fair reliance enhances audit efficiency. Reliance is complex, implementation problems are common and academic knowledge gaps prevail. Consequently, the research question of this study is formulated as follows:
How can reliance on internal audit work by external auditors be conceptually explained, considering the reciprocal influences of the roles, interpretations, interests and practices of management, the audit committee and internal and external auditors?
Responding to the research question, the major contribution of this study is the substantive theory of balanced reliance, explaining how management, the audit committee and internal and external auditors overcome disconnect between their reciprocal influences on reliance to achieve mutual agreement that reliance is appropriate and fair, balanced, whatever the reliance decision.
The study is based on the classic grounded theory methodology of Glaser and Strauss (1967) and was implemented in three phases:
Phase 1: Theoretical sampling included 32 interviews. Five key data sets (22 initial and three follow-up interviews) represented five diverse South African listed companies. Each data set comprised data from the key audit stakeholder groups of the company, namely, the chief financial officer, audit committee chair, chief audit executive and external audit engagement partner. A further data set of seven interviews involved other knowledgeable audit professionals. Joint data collection, open coding and analysis identified the main concern − the disconnect between the stakeholder groups’ reciprocal influences on reliance − and the core category (achieving mutual agreement that reliance is appropriate and fair (balanced), whatever the reliance decision.
Phase 2: Joint theoretical sampling, selective and theoretical coding and analysis saturated the substantive categories’ properties and relationships.
Phase 3: Theoretical sorting and writing delimited the substantive categories into theoretical constructs, explaining the substantive theory. Comparisons indicated how the substantive theory broadened and transcended extant knowledge.
The substantive theory of balanced reliance developed in this study explains how the stakeholder groups’ willing reciprocal synchronisation resolves disconnect between the stakeholder groups’ roles, interpretations, interests and practices influencing reliance. This, in turn, renders viable their mutual agreement that reliance is appropriate and fair (balanced), whatever the reliance decision. With reciprocal synchronisation as a foundation, a voluntarily formed team mindset is the predominant mediator of habitual integration and fair alignment of internal and external audit work. These co-variant conditions change stakeholder groups’ mutual agreement from being viable to practicable, as the disconnect between internal and external audits is resolved. Stakeholder groups’ participation in facilitative communication and a strong audit committee’s balancing oversight create the context for sustaining stakeholder groups’ mutual agreement that reliance is appropriate and fair (balanced), whatever the reliance decision.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Auditing
PhD
Unrestricted
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Eid, Marlene. "Internal external locus of control and the choice of therapy." PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3696.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between the scores subjects obtain on Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale and the type of therapy they prefer. Two hundred and fifty-four students in general psychology classes were given Rotter's Scale. Considering their upper- and lower-third scores, 54 were classified as " Internals," 53 as "Externals." Subjects also were given written descriptions of both psychoanalytic and behavioristic therapies. Each of these descriptions dealt with the goal and the specific therapeutic procedure of the respective therapies. Subjects were asked to identify which therapy they preferred and to provide a rationale for their choice.
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Ziemak, John P. "Personal, internal and external equity : multiple facets of pay fairness? /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487596307356596.
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Luu, Charles T. "TRPM7 channels as a bioassay of internal and external Mg2+." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1572015043215704.
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Wood, Harry. "External threats mask internal fears : Edwardian invasion literature 1899-1914." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2003341/.
Full textAbstract:
Invasion literature is a branch of fiction that enjoyed significant popularity in Britain prior to the First World War. Focusing on invasion narratives of the Edwardian period, this thesis foregrounds the literature’s representation of domestic political issues. These include debates over national identity, the campaign for compulsory military service, and the sociopolitical upheavals of the late-Edwardian period. Through emphasising the importance of these internal themes, the thesis argues that such narratives were vehicles for multifaceted critiques of British society rather than one-dimensional predictions of invasion. Exploring the ideological origins of these narratives, the thesis questions the dominant understanding that invasion literature was a Tory product. The genre is instead interpreted as a product of the British ‘Radical Right’. Presenting invasion literature as a repository of varied contemporary anxieties, the thesis reconsiders the analytical value of the ‘Edwardian Crisis’, arguing that narratives of invasion illustrate a pronounced sense of approaching crisis. This thesis therefore offers an original contribution to modern British political and cultural history, and invasion literature studies.
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Hasnah, Haji Haron Andrew D. "Internal and external auditors : their judgements and perceptions on internal control, based on a payroll system." Thesis, University of Hull, 1996. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3898.
Full textAbstract:
Internal control evaluation is an area in which IAs and EAs interface. IAs review internal controls which are evaluated, and often relied upon, by EAs. It is now mandatory for UK listed companies to report in their annual reports whether they are complying with the Cadbury Code and, if not, why not.IAs are likely to be involved in the preparation of the internal control report since they are responsible for reviewing internal control. EAs have the responsibility of reviewing the internal control report. So, cooperation between the two groups of auditors is important. Both should be interested in any systematic differences which may exist between their judgement patterns.This study investigated this similarity assumption. Specifically, it examined whether IAs made similar judgements to EAs by means of a mailed questionnaire using a pre-answered internal control questionnaire (ICQ) for a payroll internal control system.This is, to the researcher's knowledge, the first empirical study to investigate such possible differences in the UK, and it must be treated as preliminary and exploratory.The answers to 8 internal control procedures (ICPs) were varied to produce 8 different cases. Each auditor received 8 cases which comprised: (a) 6 cases which were similar for all the EAs and IAs and (b) 2 cases which were similar for a pair of auditors (one EA and one IA). The 2 cases further contained: (i) 1 case which followed a 1/4 replicate of 2 8 design and (ii) 1 case which was the repeat of the case in (1).The 6 similar cases were able to test for "judgement consensus" amongst all auditors; that is to find out whether the auditors gave a similar rating to the 6 cases. One of the 6 cases had all the 8 ICPs present and this represented the "ICQ approach" as the case was presented using an ICQ. In addition to that, the same case was presented in two other ways to test for similarity of judgements of auditors using different techniques/approaches of evaluation.The first was the "control objectives" (CO) approach which is a control matrix with the 8 ICPs presented on the rows and 5 "control objectives" presented as columns. The auditors were required to match the ability of each ICP to achieve the 5 control objectives and they were then required to rate the ability of the overall internal control system to achieve the control objectives.The second presentation was the "control risk" (CR) approach which also had all the 8 ICPs presented on the rows and one column for the control risk rating. The auditors were required to rate the extent of "control risk" for each ICP. "Control risk" is the ability of each ICP to prevent or detect material errors from occurring. The auditors were also required to rate the "control risk" for the overall internal control system, that is the ability of the overall internal control system to prevent or detect "material errors" from occurring.There were two purposes for the 2 similar cases: (a) the case which followed the experimental design was to determine the judgement model of EAs and IAs as a group and (b) the repeat case was to test for "judgement consistency" amongst individual auditors, that is to find out whether the individual auditor gave a similar rating to the 2 cases. A judgement model, based on Kempthorne's 1/4 replicate of 28 design was determined for each group of auditors using 64 EAs' and 64 IAs' ratings. In this design, all main effects and all 28, two-cue interactions were estimable. Three-cue interactions were not intended to be measured as previous studies had indicated that they account for no or negligible interaction. The purpose of this design was so that the effects of a number of different variables could be investigated simultaneously. The judgement model was analysed by means of analysis of covariance with the personal profiles of auditors (experience, educational and position level) as covariates and the ICPs as the other independent variables.Overall, the findings indicate that there was no significant difference in judgement consensus between and within each group of EAs and IAs. The two groups were also consistent in their ratings when given similar cases to evaluate. Visually, it can be seen that EAs tend to give higher ratings to all the cases. In other words there may be a tendency for EAs to place a higher degree of reliance upon particular controls than would IAs, but it was found to be not statistically significant.There was also no significant difference found between both groups of auditors using different techniques or approaches of evaluation. They were closest in their ratings when they used the "ICQ" approach, followed by the "CO" approach and then the "CR" approach.The final judgement models of both groups of auditors were also quite similar. Both groups of auditors considered the same five ICPs (which consist of two "accounting" and three "administrative" control procedures). Consistent with previous studies, the two separation of duties procedures were found to be important in influencing the auditor's judgement.Comparing the research findings with the US results (Bailey, 1981; Landry, 1987 and Moore, 1993), it appears that there is greater judgement consensus between UK's IAs and EAs than between US's IAs and EAs. This is likely to be accounted for by a greater degree of similarity of professional qualifications and background of UK's IAs and EAs than may have been the case in the US. However, this belief deserves further study.Another implication of the findings is that there is an even stronger justification for IAs and EAs to rely on each other's work in the UK than would appear to be the case in the US. Thus, a directors' internal control report (the preparation of which IAs have had a significant input) can be relied upon more confidently by EAs.
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Yildirim, Tankut. "Internal And External Dimensions Of Russian Energy Policy Between 2000-2012." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614560/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to examine internal and external parameters influencing Russian energy policy between 2000 and 2012. In this respect first energy policy of the Soviet Union and Russian Federation in 1990&rsquos are evaluated. In this framework it is assumed that old experiences and structures have influence on 2000&rsquo
s Russian Energy Policy. Russian energy profile is accepted not only a strength of Russia but also a source of limitation in Russian energy policy, it influences domestic and foreign energy policies of the country. Following the energy profile of Russia domestic energy policy of Russia is analyzed. In this respect, elite level perception on energy and use of hydrocarbon rents are important points taken into account. In addition to that, major Russian energy companies are analyzed, because they do not cross border drawn by Russian Administration. About Russian foreign energy policy, important actions and patterns about use of energy rent are evaluated
key countries for Russian energy resources are analyzed. In this respect, it is regarded that contrary to views of some scholars who consider Russian energy policy as the by product of Russian foreign policy, this thesis argues that Russian energy policy has been determined by the characteristics of Russian energy structure and domestic politics in addition to Russian foreign policy priorities. As a result issues like Russian economy, domestic developments in Russia, Russian foreign policy and international developments like emergence of new suppliers and markets, have influence on Russian energy policy and because of harmonization of energy and foreign policy, Russian energy policy carries realist features.