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Journal articles on the topic 'Internal and external crime'
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Sujud, Sujud. "ANALISIS KRIMINOLOGI KEJAHATAN PEMBUNUHAN BERENCANA OKNUM POLISI DI JAYAPURA." Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 5, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ls.v5i2.3791.
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Murder is an inhuman crime, where the perpetrator of the crime kills with the intention of being planned in advance because it will kill other people's lives for a specific purpose, this crime is a crime of enmity between individuals and groups so that the victim is helpless, so the police investigator reveals his identity. Carefulness is needed. The problems discussed are what are the factors causing the crime of murder and how are the efforts to overcome the crime of murder. The research method used is normative juridical research. Data collection is based on literature study, based on the results of the research that the author has done, the factors that cause murder are internal and external factors. Internal factors, namely internal factors, and external factors, namely economic, environmental, and family factors. Efforts to tackle the crime of murder, namely penal and non-penal measures, are efforts to reduce the space for movement and opportunities for the committing of crimes. The suggestion in this research is that there is a need for cooperation between legal institutions and the government through police and military officers to prevent and cope with future premeditated murder, prosecutors and judges are requested to be able to prosecute and impose the maximum possible punishment on the perpetrators of the murder guided by the Criminal Code.
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Moriarty, Laura J., and William V. Pelfrey. "Exploring Explanations for Campus Crime: Examining Internal and External Factors." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 12, no. 1 (February 1996): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104398629601200108.
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Veklenko, Sergey, and Igor' Semchenkov. "Critical analysis of the object of the crime as an element of the corpus delicti." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2021, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2021-1-104-109.
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The article provides evidence of the groundlessness of recognizing the object of a crime as an element of the corpus delicti.
The substantiation of this conclusion in relation to such types of criminal offenses as preparation for a crime, attempted crime, incitement to a crime, aiding in a crime and the act of the organizer of a criminal offense is carried out by demonstrating that they do not even come into contact with the object of the crime and don’t have a direct impact on it.
The proof that the object of the crime is not an integral part of the criminal act, expressed in causing harm, is carried out in two directions - in relation to crimes that harm the internal benefits of a person, for example, his life or health, and in relation to crimes that harm external benefits of people recognized as objects of criminal law protection, in particular, such as public order, public safety, etc.
It is shown that the object of a crime in the form of a person’s internal goods cannot be a constituent part of a crime because these benefits are inside of their owner, and he himself is an element of some social group formation (social system), but not an element of a crime committed against him.
The argument that external objects of a crime are not an integral part of a crime is based on the results of a detailed analysis of the process of causing harm. The results of such an analysis, carried out using the categories of the part and the whole, demonstrate the fundamental impossibility of isolating any constituent elements (parts) in the process of causing harm. In this process, it is possible to single out only certain of its phases and stages, but not its component parts.
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Bun, Maurice J. G. "Identifying the impact of deterrence on crime: internal versus external instruments." Applied Economics Letters 22, no. 3 (July 24, 2014): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2014.934422.
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Bowers, Kate. "Risky Facilities: Crime Radiators or Crime Absorbers? A Comparison of Internal and External Levels of Theft." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 30, no. 3 (September 28, 2013): 389–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10940-013-9208-z.
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Karki, Sumitra. "Internal and External Security Challenges of Nepal." Unity Journal 2 (August 11, 2021): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v2i0.38850.
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Nepal has been a home to diversified settlement in terms of ethnicity, religion, dialect and culture since its outset in civilization. It also lies between two great military and economic giants of Asia – India and China – that are hostile to each other. While these bring abundant opportunities for Nepal, it possesses several internal and external security threats. Nepal suffers from cyber-attack, environmental degradation, pandemic, ethnic, racial or religious conflicts, inequality and poverty, extremism, human trafficking, corruption, migration and trans-boundary crime. In addition, Nepal also faces several security threats, traditional and non–traditional, including terrorism and insurgency. These threats possess serious implications on peace and security of Nepal and the South Asian region. There is a need of serious study about the major internal and external security challenges that Nepal faces in recent decades. This study aims at examining some of the major security challenges, explore the factors behind it, and attempt to suggest few policy recommendations to the government of Nepal to deal with them. The study is conducted by reviewing the primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data includes documents of the government agencies, press release, joint statement and organizational reports. It also includes the interviews with security experts, bureaucrats, policy makers and academicians. Similarly, secondary data includes books, news reports, academic journals, seminars report and reports of research institutes and think tanks. The study highlights that Nepal should prepare itself to meet with the emerging internal and external security challenges what have emerged in recent times. With the rise of India and China, two adversarial powers in the region, Nepal possess extreme challenges in days to come. Similarly, hardly any countries of the world had prepared itself to deal with recent pandemic like COVID-19 that has shattered even the most powerful countries of the world. Taking lessons from these, it is time for Nepal to learn and prepare to mitigate the challenges.
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Setiyono, Joko. "INTEGRATED POLICY MANAGEMENT OF NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING AS TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME IN INDONESIA." Diponegoro Law Review 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 260–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.5.2.2020.260-276.
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Indonesia is the closest state to the Southeast Asian Golden Triangle which is Asia's largest source of opium. Since 1990 until now, Indonesia has become marketing drugs for existence. The indicator of narcotics could be categorized as transnational crimes because of their internal factors and external factors, including drug abuse to the misuses authority by state officials to oversee on narcotics. As a sovereign state, Indonesia has policies in dealing with drug trafficking including transnational organized crime. One of them is by strengthening the performance of the National Narcotics Board of Correctional Institutions in combating narcotics in Indonesia.
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Kusnedi, Kusnedi. "PENERAPAN UNSUR TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG YANG BERASAL DARI HASIL TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA PADA TINGKAT PENYIDIKAN (Studi Pada BNNP dan Ditresnarkoba Polda Sumbar)." UNES Law Review 2, no. 4 (August 14, 2020): 208–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v2i4.133.
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The crime of money laundering does not stand alone because the assets placed by integration are obtained from a crime. The investigator has the authority to submit an application to the District Court so that the court decides assets that are known or reasonably suspected to be the result of narcotics crime being assets of the State or returned to those entitled under Article 137 letter (a) of Law Number 35 Year 2009 regarding Narcotics, Article 3, 4, and 5 paragraph (1) of Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning the prevention and eradication of criminal acts of laundering. This has an impact on pinyidik at BNNP and the Directorate the West Sumatra Regional Police in proving the element of money laundering which is allegedly the result of narcotics crime. Application of elements of laundering money derived from proceeds of crime, narcotics based on Article 137 (a) Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 Year 2009 on Narcotics, Articles 3, 4, and 5, paragraph (1) of the Act Republic of Indonesia Number 8 Year 2010. Constraints are faced by investigators BNNP namely: a) Constraints internal factors, and b) constraint factors external. Efforts were made to overcome the obstacles by the investigation BNNP, namely: a) attempts to overcome internal factor constraints faced by investigators BNNP in combating money laundering based narcotic crime, and b) the efforts made to overcome external factor constraints by BNNP investigators in eradicating money laundering which is based on narcotics crime.
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Subrahmaniam Saitya, Ida Bagus. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK." VYAVAHARA DUTA 14, no. 1 (September 19, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/vd.v14i1.1097.
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<p>Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, affirms that children are a mandate as well as the gift of God the Almighty, which we must always guard because in them the dignity, dignity and rights as human beings must be upheld. Children who are victims of crime are weak people who often cannot protect and help themselves because of their situation and conditions. Crime of sexual violence against children is a crime that uses violence or threats of violence<br />against children so that the child can be controlled for sexual relations. Internal factors causing criminal acts of sexual violence such as the proximity of the perpetrator to the victim, the role of the perpetrator, and the position of the victim. External factors that cause sexual violence crimes, namely environmental influences, such as being far from the crowd, lonely, or closed places that allow perpetrators to commit sexual violence.</p>
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Bueno, Clodoaldo. "Política externa brasileira em cenários de crises internas e externas/Brazilian foreign policy in sceneries of internal and external crisis." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 5, no. 2 (August 6, 2016): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2016.v5n2.03.p277.
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A influência dos fatores econômicos sobre as relações internacionais é evidente, mas o analista que não se satisfaz com monismos teóricos enfrenta o desafio de conciliar o peso de tais fatores com os de outra natureza ao fazer o exame de tais relações. Seguindo a linha de J. B. Duroselle, o autor reconhece a preponderância do que ocorre nas esferas política e econômica sobre o relacionamento entre as nações, mas não descarta razões de naturezas diversas que subjazem à realidade. A questão central que se coloca para o estudioso é circunscrever o epicentro das grandes transformações que ocorrem em nível mundial e que afetam as economias nacionais, relações bilaterais e o quadro da geopolítica. Palavras-chave: Economia internacional; Brasil; Crise; Blocos; Estado; Gilberto Dupas Abstract: The decisive influence of the economic factors in international relations is unequivocal. There is not a common consent about the intensity and weight of other kind of factors over such relations. J.B.Duroselle, considering the available interpretations, tended to that one which recognized the existence of reciprocal influence between political and economical spheres, “but without one or the other exert continuous and preponderant influence.” The central question presented to the analyst is to circumscribe the epicenter of the considerable transformations responsible to the new configurations the scenery gets, and the understanding of how changes are processed in lower levels, but not less important, as much in the region as in the scope of national frontiers, affecting sectors of economy, bilateral relations and geopolitical scenery.Keywords: International economy; Brazil; Crisis; Commercial blocks; State; Gilberto Dupas
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Sukmareni, Sukmareni, Roni Efendi, and Riki Zulfiko. "THE DISTINCTION LAW OF PROCEDURE OF CORRUPTION CASE AND THE GENERAL COURT IN INDONESIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM." JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum) 6, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.33760/jch.v6i2.337.
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The Corruption Crime Court which based on Article 5 of the corruption Court Law has the authority to examine, adjudicate and decide on the corruption crime cases, money laundering crimes that was initiated by corruption crime and criminal acts that are expressly stipulated in other laws that considered as corruption act. The existence of sovereignty possessed by the State gives rise to jurisdiction (the authority to judge) in regulating the needs of the state both internally and externally. As a sovereign country, Indonesia has jurisdiction in resolving internal and external problems. There are three questions of the research; 1) What is the procedural law of the General Court in the Indonesian criminal justice system? 2) What is the procedural law of the Corruption Crime Court in the Indonesian criminal justice system?, 3) What is the difference between the procedural law of the Corruption Crime Court compared to the law of the General Court in the Indonesian criminal justice system ?.This research is hoped that the procedural laws used in the General Courts and the Corruption Crime Courts will be known, as well as the differences in the procedural laws used in the two Courts. This research is descriptive, using a normative juridical approach, especially the legal approach, used are secondary data as the main legal material in the form of laws relating to the procedural law of general courts and Corruption Crime courts. and qualitative analisis. Based on the research, it was found that differences in the procedural law of Corruption Crime courts compared to general court procedural law in the Indonesian criminal justice system were seen in the independence of the Corruption Crime court institutions and the material that became the authority and the judicial process with the composition and members of the Panel of Judges consisting of career judges and ad hoc judges. division of duties for the presiding judge and its members, the period of time for the examination of the Corruption Crime and the evidence used, as well as their secret registrations which are also special in nature.
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Toggenburg, Gabriel N., and Karen McLaughlin. "The European Union and Minorities in 2013." European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 12, no. 1 (November 24, 2015): 255–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004306134_011.
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This article reflects selected developments that took place from 1 January to 31 December 2013 both in the EU’S internal policies (Section ii) as well as in the EU’S external relations (Section iii). With regard to the internal dimension, developments in the field of Roma integration, the fight against hate crime and the protection of minority languages are traced. For the external dimension, the article covers the EU’S enlargement policy, its policies vis-à-vis countries in its wider neighbourhood in the East and in the South, and finally, the EU’S engagement at the broader international level.
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Briggs, Daniel, Jorge Ramiro Pérez Suárez, and Raquel Rebeca Cordero Verdugo. "From crime science to the crime of science." Safer Communities 17, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-04-2017-0012.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an honest and critical reflection with regard to the damage neoliberalised education systems have had on the “crime science” of criminology in Spain. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a viewpoint based on our experience of teaching criminology and researching crime problems in Spain. Findings We argue that the neoliberalisation of education systems results in a “crime of science” in the sense that this produces rampant competition between university institutions which is amplified by the emergence of internal and external corporate enterprises who compete against each other in commodifying knowledge around crime which is largely focussed on a combination of statistical measurements and zonal mapping. This results in the reproduction of misleading conceptions about how crime occurs because the research is not grounded in offenders’ experiences and pays no attention to the political economy, power and corruption and the oscillating relationship between agent and social structure. This has negative implications for the development of critical knowledge which should equip we to reconceptualise how and why social problems occur. Practical implications These infractions have major implications on how we are able to report on crime problems. Social implications As researchers/students, the authors are only able “diagnose problems” and answer questions and lose the capacity to question the answers as well as question the way the authors question. Originality/value We do not think that many criminologists would be prepared to write these words (unless it was being published in a high-impact factor journal).
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Lysakov, Andrey Ye. "The content of the factors the organisation of the preliminary investigation bodies in the sphere of economics investigation of corruption crimes." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 3 (2019): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-3-176-180.
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The organisation of the investigation of crimes aimed at achieving concrete results in the important sphere of relations is influenced by both individual factors of internal and external focus, and their combination, at the same time scientific literature analysis gives grounds to state that in most cases the question of the interpretation of the term "factor". It is not considered, or considered fragmented. In connection with this, by analysis of law enforcement and the maintenance of regulations in this area of relationships, as well as through the formal – logical, semantic and other methods, the author revealed, systematised the factors that determine the specificity of the organisation of crime investigation of corruption in the economic sphere, and described in detail some of them. On the basis of a systematic approach by the example of the activities of the investigating authorities propose a theoretical model of the factors the organisation of their work, the inherent organisational-managerial structure of any level the content of which, is a complex system of circumstances that have a significant impact on the maintenance of investigation corruption crimes in the economic sphere. This system consists of four subsystems – the legal, informal (communication), internal (organisational) and external (environmental factors).
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Hirtenlehner, Helmut, and Gorazd Meško. "The compensatory effects of inner and outer controls." European Journal of Criminology 16, no. 6 (July 23, 2018): 689–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370818788010.
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Internal and external controls have been firmly established as factors restraining criminal activity, but surprisingly little is known about their concrete interplay. Inspired by recent theoretical developments, such as Situational Action Theory or the life-course model of interdependence, this work addresses the question whether the crime-reducing impact of outer controls is conditioned by the level of inner controls. Analyses of a student survey from Slovenia reveal that external regulatory mechanisms exercise a greater effect when internal restraints decrease in size. This finding points to a compensatory relationship between controls located in different domains. Inner and outer controls may substitute for one another to a certain extent.
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Nahak, Simon. "The Liability of Criminal Law towards a Notary Official in the Crime of Embezzlement at the Denpasar District Court." NOTARIIL Jurnal Kenotariatan 5, no. 2 (November 24, 2020): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jn.v5i2.2572.
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This study aims to investigate three issues namely the legal consequences of Criminal Acts against Victims of Misappropriated Crimes by a Notary Officer, the factors cause a Notary Officer to commit a Criminal Act in the Legal District of the Denpasar District Court and the qualifications of criminal acts, responsibilities and formulations Criminal system for the perpetrators of embezzlement by a notary at the Denpasar District Court. The method used is Normative Juridical collaboration method with Empirical Juridical. The techniques of data collection is interview. The results show that criminal law consequences of perpetrators and victims of embezzlement crimes by a notary officer is that the perpetrators must be held accountable for their actions legally, whereas victims who suffer losses due to criminal acts are processed to be given criminal sanctions through the criminal justice process at the Denpasar District Court. Then, factors causing crime that are internal and external factors. There are some external factors, namely residence factor, economic factor, political factor and legal system factor. Furthermore, the forms of embezzlement are included in the forms/qualifications of types of non-violent acts, embezzlement criminal responsibility is an individual criminal liability not a legal entity, the system of punishment against perpetrators of embezzlement is the application of criminal law sanctions through the criminal justice process so that against the crime of embezzlement convicted of committing sanctions in the form of imprisonment and fines.
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Modiga, Georgeta. "IMPORTANCE AND NECESSITY OF INTERNATIONAL JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 8, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v8i1.946.
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After careful consideration, we can say that in evolution, human society was and isthreatened by a number of factors that can be generally divided into internal, external andnatural. Currently, it is difficult to assess which are the most dangerous threats to acommunity, requiring a rather complex analysis that ultimately will reveal that each threat asminor should be duly untreated immediate reaction in terms of society, can become a realthreat as less than or greater. The unprecedented development of international relations incontemporary society has been accompanied by an increase also unprecedented,international crime, the proliferation of forms of organized crime in several states.
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Gottschalk, Petter. "Norwegian Approach to Private Internal Investigations: An Empirical Study of Mandates for Fraud Examiners." International Criminal Justice Review 29, no. 1 (November 14, 2017): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567717739337.
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This article applies principal–agent relationship theory through an empirical study of private investigators’ mandates for fraud examiners in Norway. The business of private internal investigations by external fraud examiners has grown remarkably in the recent decades. Law firms and auditing firms are hired by private and public organizations to reconstruct the past when there is suspicion of misconduct and potential financial crime. Most reports of investigation are kept secret to the public and often also to the police, even when there is evidence of financial crime by white-collar criminals. For this study, we were able to identify and retrieve a total of 49 investigation reports in Norway for the 10-year period from 2006 to 2016. Reports are studied in terms of mandates defining the motive, purpose, scope, tasks, and goals. We find that mandates are deficient, thereby opening up for opportunistic behavior by both parties in the principal–agent relationship.
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Назаркин, Евгений, and Evgeniy Nazarkin. "Expert’s Opinion Evaluation and Use of Forensic Examination Results in Criminal Cases Related to Penal Institutions." Journal of Russian Law 3, no. 6 (June 5, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11439.
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The article reveals general criteria for evaluating expert’s opinion, in particular, expert’s participation at the end of the preliminary investigation (inquiry) and during drafting of the indictment (crime bill), interaction between the investigator and the expert in identification and remedy of causes and conditions that facilitated the commission of the crime. The article considers two different methods of assessing expert’s opinion: the internal, which is confined to logical analysis of the opinion, understanding consistency of the scientific and technical means and methods of the research, applied by the expert, the nature of the identified features and their role in justification of the drawn conclusions; and the external, that assesses the opinion in the legal, procedural respect, and observance of the rights of the participants in a criminal case, as well as in relation to all criminal case files. Expert’s participation at the end of the preliminary investigation (inquiry) and during drafting of the indictment (crime bill) comes down to advice about the performed examinations, determination of the place and importance of the expert’s opinion in the totality of the available evidence collected for the criminal case. The interaction between the investigator and the expert in remedy of causes and conditions that facilitated the commission of the crime in penitentiary system of Russia is regarded as a daily routine in penal crimes’ investigation and a remedial measure with the purpose of prevention such crimes in future. As part of the study the author analyzed 60 files of criminal investigation on penalty crimes in various regions of Russia. The author highlights peculiarities and suggests conclusions after considering case studies on the issue. The research methodology involves the use of such techniques as analysis, synthesis, induction, interviewing and others.
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Kuleszewicz, Anna. "External and Internal Policies of Belarus After Crimea Annexation." Polish Political Science Review 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppsr-2015-0034.
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Abstract Within the last few years, significant changes have taken place in the geopolitical and economic spheres of Europe: Euromaidan, annexation of the Crimea in the East, and problems inside the European Union (issue of migrants, Brexit) in the West. These changes had their impact on Belarus, a country situated between Russia and the EU. Conflict between Ukraine and Russia shook the Belarusian economy. Belarusian authorities were afraid about unexpected Russian steps towards Minsk and about social unrest against their own authoritarian president. All of this forced Alexander Lukashenko to search for new solutions in his policies. During recent months, it was possible to observe the change of a political discourse with Poland, attempts of a cautious cooperation with Russia (which is still Belarus’ main ally), and a search for new sources of finances and energy suppliers. The present situation is a new challenge for Belarusian authorities and even for foreign observers. For inhabitants of the country, the situation is not comfortable. This article aims to present, based on selected sources, the synthesis of actions that were taken in the external and internal politics by the Belarusian authorities after the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula.
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Karavayeva, Yu S. "The Place and Role of a Social Status in the Mechanism of Intentional Criminal Behaviour." Lex Russica 1, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.159.2.092-105.
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Elements of some crimes suggest that the subject has special features specified in the disposition of the relevant article of the Special Part of the Criminal Law. The analysis of these features allows to attribute them to the status and role characteristics of the personality, which causes the possibility of using the sociological theory of social statuses and roles in order to carry out a criminological study of the mechanism of intentional criminal behavior and the place characteristics under consideration take. Taking into account the existing idea concerning the elements of the mechanism of criminal behavior, the author substantiates the influence of social status and role of the individual on its moral formation, emergence and development of criminal motivation, significance for the particular life situation and the process of committing the crime. At the same time, the author refrains from concluding that there is a causal link between the status and role of a person and the commission of a crime, and, relying on the results of sociological research, comes to the conclusion that the social status and role determine, on the one hand, the content and nature of interactions between the individual and the society, and, on the other hand, make an impact on personal characteristics of the individual, his needs and the system of values adjusting them to each other. In other words, with regard to the mechanism of intentional criminal conduct, the social status and role are of dual importance, as they amount to both internal conditions and external factors. Thus, as internal conditions, they cause the emergence of the personality of such features, which are implemented as the features of social perception, motivation and goal-setting. Acting as external factors, the social status and role characterize the specific life situation in which the crime is committed and which, as the offender is aware of them, also affect the motivation and goal-setting processes.
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Gottschalk, Petter. "Evaluation of Fraud Examinations: A Contingent Approach to Private Internal Investigations." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 13, no. 4 (September 6, 2017): 386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pax052.
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Abstract The business of private internal investigations by external fraud examiners has grown remarkably in recent decades. Law firms and auditing firms are hired by private and public organizations to reconstruct the past when there is suspicion of misconduct and potential financial crime. This article has presented an empirical study of 49 private internal investigations in Norway that were publicly available. A contingent approach to investigations was applied, where private investigations at later stages are facing different mandates than investigations at earlier stages in the criminal justice system. This research has been exploratory by indicating that fraud examiners make a higher level contribution at later stages in the criminal justice system.
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Setjo, Oscar Stefanus, and Umar Ma'ruf. "Investigation Of Children Which Conflicting With Law In Narcotics Criminal Acts In Law Area Of The Semarang City Police Jurisdiction." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v3i2.9851.
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The purpose of this study to know and analyze the mechanisms used in the investigation of children in conflict with the law against narcotic crime, the provision of diversion for children who are in conflict with the law in narcotic crime, obstacles and solutions in the process of diversion for children who are in conflict with the law in narcotics. This research uses the approach method of normative juridical and sociology juridical methods, the specifications in the study are analytical descriptive, population and sampling methods are all objects or all symptoms or all events or all units to be studied, data collection techniques using literature studies and interviews, analysis the data used are qualitative, using the theory of law enforcement, the theory of expediency and the theory of justice. Research result: Act No. 11 of 2012 on the Child Criminal Justice System. Giving diversion for criminal acts without victims also must be diversified. Crimes without victims such as narcotics abuse, children who become narcotics abusers are categorized as victims. Internal barriers, agreement between the victim and the child in conflict with the law; Human Resources (HR). External barriers, limited facilities and infrastructure; Different understandings; Lack of coordination; Community understanding of diversion; Regulation regarding supervision of the implementation of the agreed version of the agreement. Efforts to overcome internal barriers: Develop a work plan, include training investigators and educate. Efforts to overcome external barriers: Optimize facilities and infrastructure; Using social welfare personnel in the diversion process; Establish intensive communication with other law enforcement officers; Improve coordination with community mentors; Hold socialization.Keywords: Investigation; Children; Legal Conflict; Criminal Acts; Narcotics.
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Domaradzki, Spasimir. "BULGARIA’S SECURITY AFTER 30 YEARS." Politika nacionalne bezbednosti 18, no. 1/2020 (May 25, 2020): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/pnb.1812020.4.
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This paper provides an overview of the Bulgarian security concerns over the last thirty years. Without claiming to be complete and all-embracing, the paper grasps the notion of security from both internal and external perspectives. While deliberating on the main security challenges in the context of the formal membership in the political and economic institutions of the Western world, the paper argues that the most tangible security threats for Bulgaria are internal and are related to the problems of organized crime and state capture.
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Usatyi, Grygorii. "The state-legal mechanism of combating modern crime: ways to improve." Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, no. 1(30) (July 30, 2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2020-1(30)-7.
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The article is devoted to the issues of organizational and legal support of the mechanism of counteraction to modern crime in the conditions of a significant deterioration of the criminal situation in the state; t examines the conceptual foundations and problems of the mechanism of combating crime and domestic criminal policy; the place and role of counteraction to crime in the state mechanism, its external and internal contours are reconsidered, insufficient elaboration of the corresponding doctrinal (theoretical) provisions is recognized; emphasis is placed on gaps in relevant legislation and inadequate regulatory support of law enforcement agencies (in particular, the lack of legal instruments on issues of anti-crime strategy, forensic examination, etc.Based on the study of the positive experience of the scientific community and the practice of law enforcement, proposals have been formulated in the relevant areas for improving the crime prevention system, increasing the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies in the fight against the shadow economy, organized crime (and its individual manifestations), and an attempt has been made to optimize the modeling of the law enforcement system in the perspective preventive activities in the context of the implementation of the criminological policy of the state, determination of the strategy and tactics of combating crime. Key words:crime, criminal law policy, crime prevention, crime prevention mechanism.
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Tryncevski, Yuriy Vladimirovich, and Armen Karlenovich Yesayan. "Competitive intelligence as a factor of warnings crime." Yugra State University Bulletin 15, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu20190123-30.
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In the article the subject of the research are the methods of competitive intelligence; the conditions of companies; the conditions of the competitive environment of companies. Actual is the theoretical analysis of the concept and objectives of competitive intelligence. This activity becomes a powerful tool for market research. Competitive intelligence is currently a rapidly developing discipline (profession), which arose at the intersection of economics, law and special disciplines. Competitiveness and efficiency of company is a key factor. This factor determines the level of living of citizens, the public good. Competition is a necessary condition and the most important way of effective business.
The aim of the research is to develop terminology, formulation of features and essence of competitive intelligence, which is recognized as a special kind of activity in a competitive environment.
Research methods critical analysis, content analysis, comparative law.
Conclusions in the article: the concept and signs of competitive intelligence, purposes, principles, sphere and form of competitive intelligence. It is noted that competitive intelligence is the process of collecting, accumulating, handling and analyzing information on the internal and external environment of companies. Characteristics of competitive intelligence: focusing on the external business environment rather: accumulating information and transforming it into intelligence that can be used by the organization. Unlike illegal industrial espionage, competitive intelligence is a legal and ethical business practice.
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Maeng, Seong-Jun, Dong-Jun Lee, and Jun-Hyeok Kang. "First Drinking Experiences during Adolescence in South Korea: A Qualitative Study Focusing on the Internal and External Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 8200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158200.
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This study explored the internal and external factors affecting the first drinking experience during Korean adolescence. To achieve this, we collected 34 cases revealing specific drinking experiences during adolescence in Alcoholic Anonymous (A.A.), Korea. The collected data were analyzed using a qualitative case study method, and the analysis focused on the internal and external factors influencing drinking in adolescence. As per the results, internal factors that influenced drinking in adolescence were “curiosity” and “elevated mood and stress relief”, and external factors were “family”, “friends”, “older friends at school”, “neighbors”, “Korean tradition of alcohol making”, “workplaces that encourage alcohol consumption”, and “a generous drinking culture.” Based on these findings, we suggested several practical alternatives, such as a stringent alcohol punishment system, government-led campaigns to overcome the generous alcohol culture, monitoring the drinking status of working and intern youths, and using local crime prevention guards to curb youth drinking. In future research, it is necessary to quantitatively verify the results of this study to develop theories related to adolescent drinking behavior.
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Usaty, Grigoriy. "The ways to improve of the mechanism of combating modern crime." Legal Ukraine, no. 5 (June 25, 2020): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2020-5(209)-1.
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The article is devoted to the issues of organizational and legal support of the mechanism of counteraction to modern crime in the conditions of a significant deterioration of the criminal situation in the state; t examines the conceptual foundations and problems of the mechanism of combating crime and domestic criminal policy; the place and role of counteraction to crime in the state mechanism, its external and internal contours are reconsidered, insufficient elaboration of the corresponding doctrinal (theoretical) provisions is recognized; emphasis is placed on gaps in relevant legislation and inadequate regulatory support of law enforcement agencies (in particular, the lack of legal instruments on issues of anti-crime strategy, forensic examination, etc.Based on the study of the positive experience of the scientific community and the practice of law enforcement, proposals have been formulated in the relevant areas for improving the crime prevention system, increasing the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies in the fight against the shadow economy, organized crime (and its individual manifestations), and an attempt has been made to optimize the modeling of the law enforcement system in the perspective preventive activities in the context of the implementation of the criminological policy of the state, determination of the strategy and tactics of combating crime. Key words: crime, criminal law policy, crime prevention, crime prevention mechanism.
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Kolegova, O. Y. "Development Internal Problems of Shanghay Cooperation Organization." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(45) (December 28, 2015): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-6-45-117-123.
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The article analyzes the main internal problems of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Particular attention is paid to the conflict of interests of the participating countries, as well as identifying obstacles to strengthen the organization and increase its influence in the international arena. The international organizations are created by the states to meet mutual problems in the course of interstate relations requiring regular cooperation mechanism. Given the background of the Organization, it is important to emphasize that the main reason for the establishment of the Shanghai organization was the need for the united front against the strengthening of the region at the turn of centuries against dangerous trends of terrorism, extremism, separatism, the growth of organized crime. Despite the conflict of interests and the internal and external development challenges thirteen-year history of evolution of the SCO, to some extent proves its effectiveness, moreover, there are the preconditions for its consistent transition to a more comprehensive organization.
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Dahari, Rafidah, Nor Azizan Idris, and Zarina Othman. "Influencing External Factors for Small Arms Light Weapon Smuggling at Malaysia-Thailand Border." Asian Social Science 15, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n3p14.
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End of the Cold War had contributed to the plentitude of firearms within the Southeast Asia region which led to the increase of small arms and light weapon (SALW) smuggling activity. For decades till today, most countries in this region continue to face internal armed conflicts. Malaysia strategic location, situated at the world’s busiest sea lane trades had resulted in rampant cross border crime of SALW smuggling activities. Malaysia’s strict firearms law disallows the possession of SALW without a license. In spite of such strict SALW legislations, these smugglings continues. What are the factors that contribute to the increase of SALW smuggling into Malaysia? The main objective of this article is to scrutinise the external factors that promote the increase of SALW smuggling into Malaysia. This study employs a qualitative method with primary data obtained through preliminary and formal interviews with Malaysian and Thailand security agencies, crime desk journalist, non-governmental organizations, smugglers, former separatist member, former Thai residents, informers and prisoners of SALW related. Whilst secondary data was acquired via credible research. The study found that the national factors and non-national factors have influenced the increase of SALW smuggling into Malaysia.
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Houts, Sandra S., and Cathy D. Kassab. "Three-Item Locus of Control Scale for Crime Victimization." Psychological Reports 75, no. 2 (October 1994): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.2.1011.
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The purpose of this research is to contribute evidence regarding the construct validity of a three-item locus-of-control measure specific to crime victimization. The scale was used to determine whether specific populations were more likely than others to agree with one of the orientations to control suggested by Levenson, these being internal, powerful others, and chance. The latter two dimensions represent distinct types of external orientations. The analysis was based on results from a telephone survey of a randomly selected sample of 666 residents, aged 18 years or older, of a midwestern city. Logistic regression using continuation logits yielded results consistent in general with expectations derived from the literature, but several interaction effects involving demographic and crime-specific variables were apparent.
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Rosifany, Ony. "KETENTUAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA PENCABULAN TERHADAP ANAK DIBAWAH UMUR MENURUT UNDANGUNDANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK." LEGALITAS 5, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31293/lg.v5i2.5112.
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One of the triggers for the crime of sexual immorality in this case is the rapid development of information and technology flows. Fornication is an act carried out by someone who is motivated by sexual desire to do things that can arouse lust, thereby causing self-satisfaction. What is troubling society is the criminal act of child sexual abuse, whether it is a boy or a girl. Fornication is an act committed by someone who is motivated by sexual desire.In general, the factors that cause the crime of child sexual immorality can be caused by internal factors as well as external factors.The legal provisions for the crime of child molestation against children are contained in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, stated in Article 76 E and Article 82.
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Statham, Simon. "‘A guy in my position is a government target … You got to be extra, extra careful’: Participation and strategies in crime talk in The Sopranos." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 24, no. 4 (November 2015): 322–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947015605442.
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This article reflects the trend within the stylistics of drama towards the analysis of film and television discourse by examining dialogue from HBO’s popular organised crime drama The Sopranos. A major theme of the series focuses on the consistent attempts of the authorities to bring Soprano gang members to justice for their crimes. To gather evidence, investigators rely on electronic surveillance and surreptitious listening devices worn by collaborating witnesses who agree to testify for the government against their former associates. FBI agents are additional participants in recorded conversations and they perform a range of discourse roles in these encounters. Cooperating witnesses employ a range of conversational strategies to accommodate FBI ‘eavesdroppers’, whilst the major criminal characters adopt tactics of conversational vigilance in their ‘crime talk’. Gangsters exercise a level of caution in their interactions which has important implications for conversational cooperation. This article will use Goffman’s (1981) participation framework to analyse how recorded crime talk is affected by the presence of investigating authorities and cooperating witnesses. The divergent conversational intentions of targets and cooperators also affect adherence to Grice’s (1975) conversational maxims. These seminal models will be applied to selective dialogue extracts from The Sopranos in order to demonstrate that criminal topics of conversation can have a significant effect on the structure and strategies of interactions in a television drama. Characters employ conversational caution when addressing incriminating acts which they consider it unwise to discuss explicitly. In many cases the external television audience is accommodated by being shown these crimes whilst internal overhearers are frustrated by the tactical vigilance adopted in characters’ talk.
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K.C., Dipesh Kumar. "Cross-Border Crime and Its Security Concerns in Nepal." Journal of APF Command and Staff College 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/japfcsc.v2i1.26729.
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The paper analyses the geopolitics of Nepal which significantly provide the opportunities for the cross-border crime enhancing the internal and external security threat to the country. It accounts various interest groups, overtly and covertly involved in the country, who have their vested interests play their role provide opportunities for the organised criminal groups. The paper interprets the secondary data, both qualitative and quantitative in nature, to interpret the topic. In conclusion, the paper highlights the supply and demand factor of Nepal, its neighbours and their geopolitics also affect the cross-border criminal activities in Nepal as well as via Nepal. The research finds the changing political and economic circumstances in the region and the geographical opportunities develop the abundant grounds for the organised criminal groups in Nepal.
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Hidayat, Ghofur, Triono Eddy, and Alpi Sahari. "Peran Detasemen Gegana Satuan Brimob Polda Sumatera Utara Dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Terorisme." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 3, no. 1 (August 8, 2020): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i1.191.
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The eradication of criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia is very intensively carried out due to the threat of terror, causing many casualties and public unrest at the strata of society. Therefore the government issued various regulations to overcome the criminal acts of terrorism. The eradication of the crime of terrorism certainly requires facilities and infrastructure, one of which is the bomb disposal unit. A detachment of the Gegana Brimob Bomb disposal unit is tasked with defusing bombs which are usually used by terrorists in carrying out their actions. This paper aims to analyze or examine the role of the North Sumatra Regional Police Mobile Brigade Detachment in the handling of terrorism crimes and the obstacles experienced by the North Sumatra Police Mobile Brigade Detachment in dealing with terrorism crime. The results of this study indicate that the role of the Police Mobile Brigade Corps Gegagana is carried out by bomb disposal which is carried out through the stages of preparation, implementation, and consolidation. The barriers experienced by the North Sumatra Regional Police Mobile Brigade Detachment Unit consisted of several internal and external factors.
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Septiawan, Yudha Nugraha. "Analysis of the Causes of Narcotics Recidivities in Class IIa Prisons in Bogor." Walisongo Law Review (Walrev) 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/walrev.2020.2.1.5321.
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<p>The risk can cause harm to someone, including people who have used narcotics. Drug abuse is a concern for many people today. Misuse of narcotics is a deviation of behavior or deeds that violate the law, and it is unfortunate if prisoners who are free to repeat the narcotics crime again. The problem that became the reference in this research is whether the factors that cause the repetition of narcotics crime, how the risk of repetition of narcotics crime, and how to overcome the narcotics crime repetition. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors, risks, and efforts in overcoming repetition of narcotics crime. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach by collecting data using interview, observation, and documentation methods. Data analysis is described in the form of sentence descriptions and analyzed qualitatively, then a conclusion is drawn. Based on the results of research and discussion, it is concluded: (1) Factors that influence the repetition of narcotics crime are internal factors and external factors. (2) The risk of repetition of narcotics crime is carried out in the level of risk classification. (3) Efforts to overcome the repetition of narcotics crime shall be carried out in a preventive and repressive manner. The advice given is maximizing rehabilitation activities carried out in Corrections Institutions and maximizing coaching programs in Corrections Institutions</p>
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Khairunnisa, Bella, Joni Firdaus Ginting, Rini Damayanti Sijabat, and Rahmayanti Rahmayanti. "PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN TINDAK PIDANA PENGEDAR GANJA YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANAK (BERDASARKAN PUTUSAN No. 10/PID.SUS.ANAK/2015/PN.STB." Jurnal Darma Agung 28, no. 3 (December 7, 2020): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.46930/ojsuda.v28i3.805.
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Government policy in providing protection to children, especially in the crime of cannabis dealers becomes very important. Because children are the next generation to continue the nation's development. There are 2 factors that cause this crime, namely external factors (free will, curiosity) and internal factors (economic conditions and the surrounding environment). Regulations regarding this criminal act are regulated in article 6 Number 35 of 2009 concerning narcotics, governing criminal offenses, regarding specific criminal sanctions as well as the types of sanctions and the length of the crime. In this case, the judge's policy should not be based too much on Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the juvenile justice system, which continues to interpret the existing law. And the government should provide the assistance of a supervisory body, namely the Special Child Development Institute. and create educational and coaching programs that are supervised by the Penitentiary.
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Fauzi, Fitriya, Kenneth Szulczyk, and Abdul Basyith. "Moving in the right direction to fight financial crime: prevention and detection." Journal of Financial Crime 25, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-06-2017-0060.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify current measures taken for financial crime’s prevention and detection in the context of Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on data from articles in Indonesian newspapers relating to the current financial crimes, current measures of preventing financial crimes in Indonesia and based on the literature review. Findings There are some attempts to combat financial crimes in Indonesia, both internally and externally. The attempts that have been made for the internal scope are the enactment of anti-money laundering law, the new monitoring system of financial institutions and the formation of a superintendent institution. The attempts that have been made for the external scope are the agreement between Indonesia’ financial intelligence unit Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK), and other countries’s financial intelligence unit, the affiliation member of the Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG) to combat financial crimes through strengthening its anti-money laundering and terror financing capabilities. Originality/value This paper presents an overview of current prevention and detection measures in the context of Indonesia, and it is hoped that this paper will contribute to the current discussion of eliminating financial crimes.
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Ferra, Ferra, Stephanie Tanoto, and Maliny Lifia. "Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi dan Perhitungan Kerugian Keuangan Negara Berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Tindak Pidana Korupsi." JURNAL MERCATORIA 12, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/mercatoria.v12i2.2755.
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Corruption is an extraordinary crime (extraordinary crime) that provides benefits for yourself by abusing the position of another party, where the act is not done alone and usually involves more than one person. Unlike the case with the crime of money laundering and bribery. This research is descriptive. Sources obtained are secondary legal material, the data is obtained from literature in the form of legal books, legal journals, and legal articles. Factors that encourage the occurrence of criminal acts of corruption usually originate from internal factors, namely the perpetrators themselves or external factors, namely from outside the perpetrators. To find out whether or not there is a criminal act of corruption, several financial calculation methods are made, namely the total loss method (the state financial loss method), the net loss method (the net loss method), the fair price method, and the cost price method. Law enforcement and the amount of recovery of state financial losses can be seen in the Corruption Act.
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Mubarok, Zakki, and Achmad Sulchan. "THE ROLES OF INVESTIGATOR IN IMPLEMENTING DIVERSION ON CHILDREN CRIMINAL ACTION." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v2i1.2992.
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Some efforts were made to overcome internal obstacles: improving coordination among investigators, intensive approaches to witnesses, improving socialization of the Criminal Justice System Law and Child Protection Act. While the efforts to overcome the external obstacles: education, rigorous interrogation, improving facilities and infrastructure and bringing together an understanding of the meaning of recidivist. This research is based on the increasingly widespread criminal cases committed by children that occurred in the jurisdiction of Polrestabes Semarang in particular and in various major cities in Indonesia in general. The results of the research indicate that: (1) The role of the investigator in the diversion implementation of child crime cases, namely the internal roles among which are coordinating with the community and with various institutions or related parties, upholding the legal system and criminal justice system in accordance with the mandate of the Act, as well as involving police (Investigator) members in training or special education. (2) The constraints faced by the investigators in the diversion implementation of child crime cases are internal constraints: lack of coordination among investigators, lack of legal understanding of witnesses, lack of socialization of the Criminal Justice System Law and Child Protection Law.
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Rogatenyuk, E. V. "MONITORING THE EXPENDITURE OF BUDGET FUNDS BY ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FIELD OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION." Construction economic and environmental management, no. 2 (2020): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2519-4453-2020-2-80-85.
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In the context of the growth of the shadow economy, money laundering schemes are being improved. The most vulnerable is the budget sector and the road construction sector, which is financed mainly from the Federal budget. In this regard, the system of state external control (audit) at the macro level and the system of internal control at the micro level become not only integral components of the system of budget expenditure management, but also serve as a mechanism for implementing measures to counter the laundering of proceeds from crime, the financing of terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The formation and functioning of an effective system of state external control and internal control in primary financial monitoring subjects will ensure timely identification of legalization risks, and will help to increase the flexibility and adaptability of the national national AML/CFT system.
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Al Rosyid, Azis, Yogi Karismawan, Hertantyo Rizky Gumilar, Anas Chabibun, and Sadam Agus Setiawan. "Study of Criminology on Minor as a Theft Offender (Study on Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia)." Law Research Review Quarterly 5, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/snh.v5i2.31115.
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Theft in the modern era is very common today. Theft is carried out not only by adults, but small children or underage people also commit theft. Internal factors and external factors are factors that greatly influence the child's mindset and behavior towards this world. Law enforcement for a child who is confronted needs to be done for the sake of upholding the law. An action carried out by a small child or an underage person has a cause which is the background of why the action was carried out. This is where the important role of crimininology is in knowing why someone committed a crime and how to overcome the problem of crime. The role of family, community, peers, and schools is very important to monitor the behavior patterns of children
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Franze, José Joaquim. "Urbanização e a criminalidade em Moçambique: uma análise da violência criminal no município de Chimoio." Revista da Faculdade de Direito, no. 43 (August 31, 2020): 200–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/0104-6594.94276.
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RESUMOConstitui objeto deste artigo compreender a relação entre o crescimento da criminalidade e o processo de urbanização da cidade de Chimoio, em especial nas periferias em expansão, com o fito de aferir o nível organizacional e da eficácia das políticas públicas de segurança e do sistema de justiça criminal. A abordagem é qualitativa, feita através da revisão bibliográfica, análise documental, conversas informais e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Acredita-se que o município de Chimoio, pela sua localização ao longo da principal rodovia que liga sul, norte e centro do país e ao mesmo tempo com a República do Zimbabwe, tem registrado nos últimos anos um crescimento urbano extensivo, resultante, por um lado, da alta taxa de natalidade, e, por outro lado, pela imigração interna e externa, influenciada pela busca de melhores condições de vida, dada a sua natureza “agroindustrial”, que pressiona assim a ocupação dos espaços urbanos periféricos de forma “desordenada”. A ocupação desses espaços tem sido acompanhada pela prática de diversos crimes, dentre eles crimes violentos e não violentos, criando, dessa forma, uma sensação generalizada de medo e insegurança pública da sua população. Para este trabalho, são usados como parâmetros comparativos os estudos da criminalidade realizados na Argélia e África do Sul, devido a idênticas formas de ocupação socioespacial e da maneira como tem sido praticada a criminalidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVEEspaço urbano. Criminalidade. Periferia. Chimoio. Moçambique. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to understand the connection between the growth of criminality and the urbanization process in the city of Chimoio, especially in the expanding peripheries, aiming to assess the organizational level and the effectiveness of the public security policies and of the criminal justice system. The approach is qualitative, performed through bibliographic review, document analysis, informal conversations and semi-structured interviews. It is believed that the municipality of Chimoio, due to its location along the main highway that connects south, north and center of the country and, at the same time, with the Republic of Zimbabwe, has registered in recent years an extensive urban growth, result of, on the one hand, a high birth rate, and, on the other, of internal and external immigration, influenced by the search for better living conditions, given its “agroindustrial” nature, which pressures the “disorderly” occupation of peripheral urban spaces. The occupation of these spaces has been accompanied by the practice of several crimes, among them, violent and non-violent crimes, thus creating a generalized sense of fear and public insecurity among its population. For this work, crime studies carried out in Algeria and South Africa were used as comparative parameters, due to the identical forms of socio-spatial occupation and the way in which crime has been practiced.KEYWORDSUrban space. Crime. Periphery. Chimoio. Mozambique.
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Winkel, Frans Willem, and Adriaan Denkers. "Crime Victims and their Social Network: A Field Study on the Cognitive Effects of Victimisation, Attributional Responses and the Victim-Blaming Model." International Review of Victimology 3, no. 4 (January 1995): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809500300404.
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A field study is reported focusing on the cognitive effects of criminal victimisation, on the types of responses victims encounter in their social network, and on the validity of the ‘victim blaming model’. Data reveal that victimisations have a negative impact on the perceived benevolence of the world. Perceptions of self control and control over outcomes are reduced, and victims consider themselves less as persons having luck in life. These cognitive effects appear to stretch out beyond those directly involved. Results generally do not support the theoretically dominant position in the victimological literature on ‘blaming the victim’. Empathical responses and external attributions from the social network are much more common than internal responses to victimisation. Moreover, internal attributions from the social network appear to work more positively on the wellbeing of victims than external attributions. These outcomes - which are in line with the Janoff-Bulman model - are clearly in contrast to the ‘victim blaming model’. Some implications for future studies are discussed.
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Ibraj, Bajram. "Cooperation Between Albania and Kosovo and Its Impact in Strengthening the Rule of Law Against Transnational Organized Crime, 2008-2015." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v2i4.p85-91.
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Transnational organized criminal activities and local activities have affected both countries, Albania and Kosovo. Meanwhile, transnational crime with transnational and local base Albania-Kosovo, is of interest and influence, therefore, it is suggested that the cooperation between the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Kosovo in this regard be serving in law enforcement institutions in Albania and within law enforcement institutions in Kosovo. Transnational organized crime, terrorism, corruption and money laundering are global security threats and local, regional and international sources of crises. Organized crime knows no nationality, no countries, borders, homeland, race, ethnicity, religion and religious beliefs. That is why it is required cooperation in the fight against transnational organized crime and transnational organized crime to be implemented permanently with the main goal of the strategy implementation, action plans, joint operations between the two countries, Albania and Kosovo. Important role in this association play their respective law enforcement institutions such as the police of the two countries, prosecutions, courts and other institutions. While international cooperation is realized with major international organizations like the UN, the EU, Interpol, Europol, SECI center etc. During the years 2002-2015 between the governments, ministries of internal and Police of the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Kosovo hav signed several agreements, memoranda of understanding and common protocols. Interstate and transnational cooperation through the tabulation and graphs presented and seek to build strategies, institutions, measures, operations and joint actions with preventive, managers and common problem solvers of security and the fight against transnational organized crime. Consolidation of security in Albania and Kosovo, is closely associated with the construction, consolidation and functioning of the rule of law, and the rule of law, reaching freedom and respect for fundamental human rights. Albania-Kosovo cooperation significantly affects the strengthening of the rule of law against transnational organized crime. This cooperation is a necessary precondition for the prevention of conflicts and internal, external and regional crises, in order to achieve security and human rights and freedom.
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Ibraj, Bajram. "Cooperation Between Albania and Kosovo and Its Impact in Strengthening the Rule of Law Against Transnational Organized Crime, 2008-2015." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v6i1.p85-91.
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Transnational organized criminal activities and local activities have affected both countries, Albania and Kosovo. Meanwhile, transnational crime with transnational and local base Albania-Kosovo, is of interest and influence, therefore, it is suggested that the cooperation between the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Kosovo in this regard be serving in law enforcement institutions in Albania and within law enforcement institutions in Kosovo. Transnational organized crime, terrorism, corruption and money laundering are global security threats and local, regional and international sources of crises. Organized crime knows no nationality, no countries, borders, homeland, race, ethnicity, religion and religious beliefs. That is why it is required cooperation in the fight against transnational organized crime and transnational organized crime to be implemented permanently with the main goal of the strategy implementation, action plans, joint operations between the two countries, Albania and Kosovo. Important role in this association play their respective law enforcement institutions such as the police of the two countries, prosecutions, courts and other institutions. While international cooperation is realized with major international organizations like the UN, the EU, Interpol, Europol, SECI center etc. During the years 2002-2015 between the governments, ministries of internal and Police of the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Kosovo hav signed several agreements, memoranda of understanding and common protocols. Interstate and transnational cooperation through the tabulation and graphs presented and seek to build strategies, institutions, measures, operations and joint actions with preventive, managers and common problem solvers of security and the fight against transnational organized crime. Consolidation of security in Albania and Kosovo, is closely associated with the construction, consolidation and functioning of the rule of law, and the rule of law, reaching freedom and respect for fundamental human rights. Albania-Kosovo cooperation significantly affects the strengthening of the rule of law against transnational organized crime. This cooperation is a necessary precondition for the prevention of conflicts and internal, external and regional crises, in order to achieve security and human rights and freedom.
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Nur, M. Hadhri, Elly Sudarti, and Dheny Wahyudi. "Faktor Penyebab dan Upaya Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Pengalihan Objek Jaminan Fidusia." PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law 1, no. 3 (April 23, 2021): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v1i3.11074.
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This study aims 1) to determine and analyze the factors causing the occurrence of the crime of transferring the object of fiduciary security in Jambi City; 2) to identify and analyze efforts to overcome the occurrence of a criminal act of transferring the object of fiduciary security in Jambi City. The research method used is empirical legal research methods. The results showed that 1) the factors causing the crime of transferring the object of fiduciary security in Jambi City consisted of internal factors and external factors. ; 2). Efforts to overcome the cause of the crime of transferring the object of fiduciary security in Jambi City are through preventive and repressive measures from the police and related parties with fiduciary guarantees. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor penyebab terjadinya terjadinya tindak pidana pengalihan objek jaminan fidusia di Kota Jambi; 2) untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis upaya penanggulangan terjadinya tindak pidana pengalihan objek jaminan fidusia di Kota Jambi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana pengalihan objek jaminan fidusia di Kota Jambi terdiri atas faktor internal , dan faktor eksternal. ; 2). upaya penanggulangan penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana pengalihan objek jaminan fidusia di Kota Jambi adalah dengan upaya preventif maupun represif dari pihak kepolisian dan pihak terkait dengan jaminan fidusia.
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Markova, Olga, Lyudmila Kovalchuk, and Mikhail Koshelev. "Determinants of Criminogenic Victimization of Transbaikal Region’s Population." Всероссийский криминологический журнал 13, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(1).61-72.
Full textAbstract:
A study of the process of victimization of population in a specific region is highly relevant as it allows to determine not only the factors and conditions that turn a person into a crime victim, but also the factors and conditions that form potential victims of criminal infringements which, in its turn, contributes to the detection of latent crimes and the prediction of the crime level in the region as a whole. The paper examines the issues of victimization of Transbaikal Region’s population, analyzes a complex of economic, political, and legal factors of population’s victimization. The study shows that the satisfaction of material needs of people is harmed by the processes that create barriers for industrial development, growth of labor productivity, introduction of new technologies and growth of competitiveness of businesses in Transbaikal Region. In the social sphere, these barriers and obstacles facilitate the processes of marginalization (growing unemployment level), criminalization, socio-cultural degradation. The mechanism influencing economic and social processes is active redistribution of resources between the processes that satisfy needs and the processes that form barriers and obstacles for the satisfaction of these needs. The redistribution of resources and their loss determine not only low effectiveness, but also its unstable dynamics and high volatility. The authors use their own methodology of evaluating the level of socio-economic development of the region based on the effectiveness indices for socio-economic processes to determine the level of satisfying basic needs of population in Transbaikal Region in 2004–2017. The study shows that over a long period of time the level of satisfying basic socio-economic needs of population has steadily remained low which, undoubtedly, is an important factor of its victimization. The authors also analyze the factor of internal and external migration. Internal migration is caused by uneven economic development of Russian regions, interethnic tensions and a growth in crime rates in a number of Russian regions. The results of this research could be used for teaching such courses as «Criminal Law», «Criminology» for the specialty «Jurisprudence» in higher educational establishments; they could also be used as methodological recommendations for developing crime prevention programs.
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Supriyono, Supriyono. "Criminology Study Of Crime Of Fencing The Stolen Goods." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 3, no. 1 (April 22, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v3i1.8407.
Full textAbstract:
Criminal offense is regulated in Article 480 of the Criminal Code, Article 481 and 482 of the Criminal Code. Criminal detention is an act that is prohibited by law, because detention is obtained from crime. Criminology perspective plays an important role in studying fencing acts as a form of criminal action by looking at the elements inherent in criminal acts of detention. The formulation of the problem in this research is how Criminology review in the criminal act of holding stolen goods? In this study the authors used a normative juridical method with research specifications in the form of descriptive analysis. The data used for this research are primary and secondary data taken by field observation, interviews, and literature study. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the criminology point of view shows legal efforts for the crime in the form of composing legislation (criminalization process) in the form of legal products in the laws governing criminal offenses stipulated in Criminal Code Article 480-482, in the scope of criminology as criminal etiology in criminal offenses namely internal and external factors.Keywords: Criminology; Criminal Offense; Stolen Goods.
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Sibarani, Fianty, Sasry A. E. Lumban Gaol, and Afif Fachrurrazi. "Tindak Pidana Pencurian dalam Keadaan Memberatkan yang Dilakukan oleh Anak Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (Studi Putusan No. 74/Pidsus Anak/2015/Pn.Blg)." JURNAL MERCATORIA 12, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/mercatoria.v12i1.2350.
Full textAbstract:
The number of theft cases that occurred in Indonesian legal areas, especially the City of Balige, made us sad, especially the culprit is underage children. The type of research used in this Journal is normative research and is descriptive in nature. Data collection techniques are carried out by library research, namely by collecting data by conducting research on library materials. From the research it was concluded that the factors that caused the crime of theft committed by children were internal and external factors, which were internal factors including a lack of understanding of religion, family, individuals. While the external factors include environmental, economic, educational and mass media influences. Criminal law policies against criminal acts of theft in burdensome conditions committed by children receive Legal Protection Against Children Regulated in Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning Juvenile Justice, according to the author of the judge's decision in case No. 74 / Pidsus child / 2015 / Pn.Blg is not correct because it does not provide a sense of justice for the accused over considering the absence of legal assistance that should get legal assistance.