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Journal articles on the topic 'Internal and external problems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Jatmika, Ovan Bagus. "Musician Problem: Internal and External Aspects." Journal of Music Science, Technology, and Industry 3, no. 2 (October 21, 2020): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31091/jomsti.v3i2.1151.

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Purpose: This paper explores various problems faced by music players in general and the solutions about the problems. Research methods: These problems are categorized into two, namely internal and external. Internal problems are related to technical and psychological problems, while external problems are related to communication capacity. Results and discussion: Internal problems can be experienced by all music players without considering the kind of their performances (solo or ensemble), external problems specifically only appear in the ensemble. The solution to the technical problems is trying to understand the score from the broadest possible perspective (accommodating at least three things: assumptions about the style of music, the intention of the composer, and the role of the player in interpreting the work) so that the player can construct sound imaginations without being overshadowed by technical constraints. Implication: Psychological problems can be mitigated by many things, but the most recommended method is cognitive behavior therapy, where musicians are taught to always bring positive thoughts in any situations

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2

Sarlagtay, Mashbat O. "Current Mongolian Cultural Problems: Internal and External." Mongolian Journal of International Affairs, no. 8-9 (April 11, 2014): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i8-9.133.

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3

Caine, Eric D. "Philosophical Problems of the Internal and External Worlds." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 183, no. 2 (February 1995): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199502000-00017.

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4

Hashim, Ahmed. "Chapter Five: The Insurgency's Internal and External Problems." Adelphi Papers 48, no. 402 (November 2008): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05679320902787135.

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5

Minakir, Pavel. "Devaluation of the Ruble: External Shocks and Internal Problems." Spatial Economics 3 (2018): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2018.3.007-018.

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6

Moll, Johan. "Prison renaming : solving intractable internal problems by external renaming?" Nomina Africana: Journal of African Onomastics 33, no. 1 (September 10, 2019): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/na.2019.33.1.6.1336.

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7

Eriksson, Johan, and Mark Rhinard. "The Internal—External Security Nexus." Cooperation and Conflict 44, no. 3 (August 20, 2009): 243–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836709106215.

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The central contention of this article holds that scholars do not adequately assess and explain the influence of transboundary security issues on government behaviour. Their assessment is not adequate because they do not fully conceptualize the relationship between internal and external security concerns. Their explanations are not adequate because existing theories cannot fully explain how and why states respond to transboundary security issues. To rectify these concerns, stimulate and structure further research, and encourage scholarly dialogue, we build an analytical framework for (a) understanding what we describe as the ‘nexus’ of internal and external security matters, and (b) explaining why that nexus may change state behaviour on transboundary security issues. The resulting framework encourages a strong focus on the nature of transboundary problems before studying their implications for changes in perceptions, policies, politics and polity.

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8

Laverty, Megan, and Maughn Gregory. "Evaluating classroom dialogue Reconciling internal and external accountability." Theory and Research in Education 5, no. 3 (November 2007): 281–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14778785070050030501.

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In this article we present an instrument to be used by students and professors to evaluate classroom dialogue. We begin with an explanation of the classroom community of inquiry and why we value it as a pedagogical approach. We then describe our different reasons for evaluating classroom dialogue — including institutional, professional and pedagogical accountability — and describe the inherent conflicts among these reasons. We explain how our evaluation instrument was designed to ameliorate these conflicts. We recount a number of theoretical and practical problems we encountered in designing and implementing the instrument and explain how we attempted to overcome these problems. We conclude the article by describing the advantages and disadvantages of our instrument in light of our analysis of data gathered from its first implementation.

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Laverty, Megan, and Maughn Gregory. "Evaluating classroom dialogue Reconciling internal and external accountability." Theory and Research in Education 5, no. 3 (November 2007): 281–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477878507081792.

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In this article we present an instrument to be used by students and professors to evaluate classroom dialogue. We begin with an explanation of the classroom community of inquiry and why we value it as a pedagogical approach. We then describe our different reasons for evaluating classroom dialogue — including institutional, professional and pedagogical accountability — and describe the inherent conflicts among these reasons. We explain how our evaluation instrument was designed to ameliorate these conflicts. We recount a number of theoretical and practical problems we encountered in designing and implementing the instrument and explain how we attempted to overcome these problems. We conclude the article by describing the advantages and disadvantages of our instrument in light of our analysis of data gathered from its first implementation.

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10

George, Elizabeth. "External Solutions and Internal Problems: The Effects of Employment Externalization on Internal Workers' Attitudes." Organization Science 14, no. 4 (August 2003): 386–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.14.4.386.17488.

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11

Tai Young Park and Jung-Hwa Moon. "Using Family Therapy to Treat a Child’s Internal and External Problems." Family and Family Therapy 18, no. 1 (June 2010): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21479/kaft.2010.18.1.107.

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12

Hedrich, Reiner. "The Internal and External Problems of String Theory: A Philosophical View." Journal for General Philosophy of Science 38, no. 2 (November 2007): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10838-007-9048-3.

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13

Wang, Li Hui. "The Analysis of Enterprise Network Security Problems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 3351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.3351.

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This paper analyses the security risks of the internal and external enterprise computer network, points out that the internal internet security of enterprise should focus on prevention which includes a variety of network security technology and the establishment of logging and review system. This paper also discusses the main technology of external internet security prevention such as firewall technology and encryption technology and so on and provides some suggestions about risk management and network security for some small and medium enterprises.

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14

LALITHA, C. S. "External and internal stability in set optimization using gamma convergence." Carpathian Journal of Mathematics 35, no. 3 (2019): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/cjm.2019.03.14.

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The main objective of this paper is to investigate the stability of solution sets of perturbed set optimization problems in the decision space as well as in the image space, by perturbing the objective maps. For a sequence of set-valued maps, a notion of gamma convergence is introduced to establish the external and internal stability in terms of Painlev´e–Kuratowski convergence of sequence of solution sets of perturbed problems under certain compactness assumptions and domination properties.

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15

Lightfoot, David. "Problems with variable properties in syntax." Cadernos de Linguística 2, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 01–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25189/2675-4916.2021.v2.n1.id306.

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Like those birds born to chirp, humans are born to parse; children are predisposed to assign linguistic structures to the amorphous externalization of the thoughts that we encounter. This yields a view of variable properties quite different from one based on parameters defined at Universal Grammar (UG). Our approach to language acquisition makes two contributions to Minimalist thinking. First, in accordance with general Minimalist goals, we minimize the pre-wired components of internal languages, dispensing with three separate, central entities: parameters, an evaluation metric for rating the generative capacity of grammars, and any independent parsing mechanism. Instead, children use their internal grammar to parse the ambient external language they experience. UG is “open,” consistent with what children learn through parsing. Second, our understanding of language acquisition yields a new view of variable properties, properties that occur only in certain languages. Under this open UG vision, specific elements of I-languages arise in response to new parses. Both external and internal languages play crucial, interacting roles: unstructured, amorphous external language is parsed and a structured internal language system results. My Born to parse (Lightfoot 2020) explores case studies that show innovative parses of external language shaping the history of languages. I discuss 1) how children learn through parsing, 2) the role of parsing at the two interfaces between syntactic structure and the externalization system (sound or sign) and logical form, 3) language change, and 4) variable linguistic properties seen through the lens of an open UG. This, in turn, yields a view of variable properties akin to that of evolutionary biologists working on Darwin’s finches; see section 7.

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16

Fox, Robin. "Testosterone is not alone: Internal secretions and external behavior." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, no. 3 (June 1998): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x98381224.

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Using testosterone alone as a measure of dominance presents problems, especially when dominance is loosely defined to include a range of behaviors that may arise from multiple causes. Testosterone should be examined in relation to other hormonal and neurotransmitter factors, such as serotonin. Various hypotheses about the relationship between high and low levels of testosterone with serotonin and with impulse control are suggested for future study.

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17

Prokofiev, Alexander. "Technological support of thread quality with single methods." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2020, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2020-11-3-7.

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The problems in technological support of external and internal thread are considered. There are presented different methods for external and internal thread formation. Particular attention is paid to the methods of internal thread deformation. There are shown investigation results on external thread electro-machining.

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18

Kolegova, O. Y. "Development Internal Problems of Shanghay Cooperation Organization." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(45) (December 28, 2015): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-6-45-117-123.

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The article analyzes the main internal problems of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Particular attention is paid to the conflict of interests of the participating countries, as well as identifying obstacles to strengthen the organization and increase its influence in the international arena. The international organizations are created by the states to meet mutual problems in the course of interstate relations requiring regular cooperation mechanism. Given the background of the Organization, it is important to emphasize that the main reason for the establishment of the Shanghai organization was the need for the united front against the strengthening of the region at the turn of centuries against dangerous trends of terrorism, extremism, separatism, the growth of organized crime. Despite the conflict of interests and the internal and external development challenges thirteen-year history of evolution of the SCO, to some extent proves its effectiveness, moreover, there are the preconditions for its consistent transition to a more comprehensive organization.

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19

Чуваков, О. А. "CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS OF DEFINITION OF ESSENCE OF CONCEPTS «EXTERNAL-INTERNAL» STATE SECURITY." Odesa National University Herald. Jurisprudence 23, no. 1(32) (June 16, 2018): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2304-1587.2018.1(32).133870.

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20

Fořt, J., J. Sobeš, J. Halama, and M. Kladrubský. "Upwind and Central Type Schemes Applied to Internal and External Flow Problems." PAMM 1, no. 1 (March 2002): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1617-7061(200203)1:1<262::aid-pamm262>3.0.co;2-f.

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21

Saehu, Andang, Hani Hartiani Putri, Dewi Putri Nabila, and Irman Nurhapitudin. "INTERNATIONAL FIELD PRACTICE (PPL): PROBLEMS, IMPLEMENTATION, AND COMMUNITY RESPONSES." Al-Khidmat 2, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jak.v2i2.5912.

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Abstrak This paper is an evaluative study to explore and analyze the process of implementing the International PPL, the problems encountered in the implementation of International PPL, and the community responses to the implementation of International PPL. In working with the implementation, International PPL was conducted in three steps: pre-field research activities, whilst field research activities, and post-field research activities. Some internal and external problems faced in the implementation of this International PPL. The responses to the International PPL implementation were gained from both internal and external communities.

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22

Novcic Korac, Branka, and Branislav Miletic. "Differential advantages of Serbia – internal and external perspective." Management:Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies 23, no. 2 (September 5, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7595/management.fon.2018.0007.

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The purpose of the paper is to discuss concept of place and nation brand, and to analyse attributes which make place unique and differentiate it from rivals. This article presents insights into hidden perception of differential advantages of Serbia, seen through the eyes of internal (Serbian nationals) and the most important external stakeholders – business class in Italy, Austria and Slovenia. The aim is thus to gain from internal and external perception the list of unique attributes that distinguish Serbia from other countries in the region. Qualitative research combined with semantic and sentiment analysis revealed existence of certain similarities and differences in both perceptions. People and unique Serbian mentality were recognized as the greatest differential advantage of Serbia, but also some negative attributes appeared like war legacy in external perception and internal problems in internal perception. Empirical evidence proved the presence of matching differential advantages in both perceptions and pointed to necessity of applying strategic approach in managing perception of Serbia.

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23

Талатин, Е., and E. Talatin. "Enterprise Competitiveness Management: Problems and Solutions." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 8, no. 2 (August 7, 2019): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d0ca7932c1376.96946606.

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The article considers various approaches and methods of enterprise management. The influence of external and internal factors on the competitive potential of the enterprise is analyzed. The systematization of features of enterprise management in a competitive environment is given.

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24

Matthews, Gareth B. "Container Metaphysics According to Aristotle’s Greek Commentators." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 17 (1991): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1991.10717261.

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Aristotle’s little treatise the Categories, which stands, of course, at the very beginning of his corpus, presents a range of interpretive problems that are both interesting in themselves and also philosophically instructive. They can be divided into internal problems and external problems. The external problems are difficulties in harmonizing Aristotle’s ideas in the Categories with his later views. The internal ones are those presented by the treatise itself, taken, in so far as that is feasible, in isolation.

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25

Fletcher, M. "Internal service quality enhancement for external appeal: A South African perspective." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 2, no. 1 (March 31, 1999): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v2i1.2568.

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The main problems in service quality programmes seem to stem from methods and strategies used rather than actual service quality improvement itself. The present study is based on a questionnaire survey of organisations that had in fact implemented a service quality strategy. Several organisations studied here, indicated that the implementation of these programmes without measuring results, ended up wasting resources on non-value adding uses. This can be partly attributed to the complexity of available software. Another problem arises because organisations fail to understand the dynamics of change. Service quality was thus seen as a quick fix, treating symptoms instead of underlying problems. This study concludes that organisations should implement such strategies not only with commitment but correct and with relevant information and knowledge.

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26

ULEN, THOMAS S. "Responding to change: internal and external factors in organizational success." Journal of Institutional Economics 6, no. 1 (January 25, 2010): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137409990233.

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Abstract:In order for organizations to adopt procedures and structures that efficiently serve their goals, they need to overcome predictable errors in individual and group judgment and decisionmaking and to distinguish ephemeral from significant environmental changes. I seek to identify factors internal and external to the organization that contribute to overcoming these two problems. I suggest the modern US research university as a case study of a successful organization.

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27

Giaimo, Gregory T. "Modifications to Traditional External Trip Models." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1817, no. 1 (January 2002): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1817-21.

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Traditionally, internal-external trips were modeled by using regression-based trip generation equations and gravity model trip distribution. Applying these models at the cordon in the traditional way produces a number of problems. A typical solution is the use of external traffic analysis zones and highway networks that are used to model the external traffic similarly to internal traffic. Presented are modifications to each component of the traditional cordon line external model that will remedy these problems for those areas that do not wish to expand their data collection burden to areas outside their planning boundaries. In this model, trip distribution is a traditional cordon applied gravity model modified by using a composite impedance based on the product of travel time and an exponential function of the angular impedance. Angular impedance is defined as the angle between the vector representing the general direction of travel at the cordon and the vector defined by the cordon crossing point and a given internal zone centroid. The trip generation model is modified by the use of accessibility modified independent variables in the regression formulation. This model uses either traditional socioeconomic variables or internally generated production and attractions as the root variable. These root variables are then multiplied by an accessibility term similar to the denominator of the gravity model formula where internal-external trip productions at the cordon are used as the size variables. Application of these modifications to a small metropolitan planning organization in Ohio resulted in dramatic improvements to the model.

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28

Willems, P. A., G. A. Cavagna, and N. C. Heglund. "External, internal and total work in human locomotion." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.2.379.

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The muscle-tendon work performed during locomotion can, in principle, be measured from the mechanical energy of the centre of mass of the whole body and the kinetic energy due to the movements of the body segments relative to the centre of mass of the body. Problems arise when calculating the muscle-tendon work from increases in mechanical energy, largely in correctly attributing these increases either to energy transfer or to muscle-tendon work. In this study, the kinetic and gravitational potential energy of the centre of mass of the whole human body was measured (using a force platform) simultaneously with calculation of the kinetic and potential energy of the body segments due to their movements relative to the body centre of mass (using cinematography) at different speeds of walking and running. Upper and lower boundaries to the total work were determined by including or excluding possible energy transfers between the segments of each limb, between the limbs and between the centre of mass of the body and the limbs. It appears that the muscle-tendon work of locomotion is most accurately measured when energy transfers are only included between segments of the same limb, but not among the limbs or between the limbs and the centre of mass of the whole body.

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29

Kazgan, Gülten. "Internal and External Constraints of Export Oriented Growth Strategy." New Perspectives on Turkey 3 (1989): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/s0896634600000728.

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The rapid industrial growth accompanied by even more rapid export growth of such Far East economies as South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan has drawn due attention from students of economic development. Economists with a Neo-classical ideological stance, favoring a perfectly free market economy, tend to attribute the industrial growth of these LDCs to the phenomenal increase in their exports. They argue that export expansion will be conducive to growth and the problems that might arise on the way will be taken care of by market forces. They identify the export sector of the economy as the “leading sector” and label the growth strategy patterned after this model as “export-oriented growth.” Over the last decade this growth strategy has been effectively “recommended” to a large number of LDCs facing debt servicing difficulties.

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30

Bennett, Robert J., Berhanu Abegaz, Patricia Dillon, David H. Feldman, and Paul F. Whiteley. "The Challenge of European Integration: Internal and External Problems of Trade and Money." Economic Geography 72, no. 4 (October 1996): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/144527.

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31

Rezanova, Zoya I. "Cognitive-functional analysis of language and text (problems of internal and external determination)." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/3/13.

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32

MINTO, Andrea. "Enlisting Internal and External Financial Gatekeepers: Problems of Multiple Centres of Knowledge Construction." European Journal of Risk Regulation 9, no. 2 (May 22, 2018): 283–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/err.2018.13.

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AbstractOver the last decade complexity has impaired financial regulators’ and supervisors’ ability to cope with informational asymmetries, moral hazards and other market failures. Recent regulatory responses have been to include external auditors in the range of “gatekeepers” and “watchdogs” that serve regulatory objectives. On the other hand, the compliance function gained greater prominence as a form of internalised law enforcement, being increasingly seen as facilitating the achievement of public regulatory needs in maintaining the safety and soundness of financial institutions. Yet, uncertainty has pervaded the issue of what modes of interaction supervisors, compliance and external auditors should be subject to. International experience and anecdotal evidence show, in fact, that the current informal, discretion-based, relationship between such gatekeepers brings about risks of knowledge fragmentation and ambiguity, calling for better gathering and use of “gatekeepers’ knowledge”. The objective of this article is to address and rectify problems of multiple centres of knowledge construction, by approaching questions pertaining to the interaction between the “internal” and “external” gatekeepers. A primary contribution of this article is to examine this problem by reconciling the strand of research concerning multiple gatekeepers´ liability and the developing legal scholarship on compliance as a delegated form of external enforcement. The explanatory nature of multiple gatekeepers’ liability is twofold: first, it contributes in emphasising the complexity stemming from the interactions between multiple gatekeepers; second, it offers a solid working hypothesis to detect the market failures that can arise from such complexity, namely relating to fragmentation – and construction – of knowledge.

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33

Arora, Sanjay, and David L. Schriger. "Frequent Fliers, Internal and External Validity, and Problems With Making Continuous Variables Binary." Annals of Emergency Medicine 54, no. 4 (October 2009): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.04.013.

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34

Jones, Gareth R., and John E. Butler. "Managing Internal Corporate Entrepreneurship: An Agency Theory Perspective." Journal of Management 18, no. 4 (December 1992): 733–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639201800408.

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Entrepreneurship is the process by which firms notice opportunities and act (by creatively organizing transactions between factors of production) to create surplus value. Using concepts from information and agency theory, this article examines how agency problems affect the dynamics of internal corporate entrepreneurship and the level of entrepreneurial behavior The relationship between internal corporate and external entrepreneurship is explored, and the organizationalfactors that cause agency problems are examined. Finally, solutions to agency problems are suggested that also promote internal corporate entrepreneurship.

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35

Das, Tapan Kumar, P. R. Sengupta, and Lokenath Debnath. "Inclusions in elasto-plastic solids under the influence of internal and external pressures." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 18, no. 3 (1995): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171295000743.

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An attempt is made to study the problems of spherical and circular inclusions in elasto-plastic solids under the action of internal increasing pressure and external constant pressure, taking into consideration of the work-hardening effect. Particular attention is given to the linear work hardening effect on both problems. It is shown that results of this analysis are in good agreement with those of ideal plastic solids.

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Arya, Anil, and Brian Mittendorf. "Interacting Supply Chain Distortions: The Pricing of Internal Transfers and External Procurement." Accounting Review 82, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 551–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2007.82.3.551.

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This paper examines the impact of distortions wrought by transfer pricing when a firm is engaged in both internal production and external procurement of inputs. In particular, we demonstrate that a firm can actually glean benefits from often-discussed transfer-pricing problems in dealing with an external supplier. Though transfer prices above marginal cost introduce inter-division coordination problems, they also introduce a lower willingness to pay to outside suppliers. Knowing that costly internal transfers will eat into demand, the supplier is more willing to set lower prices. Such supplier discounts can make decentralization worthwhile for the firm. This benefit of decentralization is shown to be robust to variations in both downstream and upstream competition.

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37

Tkachenko, E. I., and V. B. Grinevich. "Metabolic aspects of therapeutic problems." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 7 (September 27, 2020): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-179-7-52-61.

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The autor sconcider the metabolic sindrom from the perspecrtive of the General theory of medicine developed by them — the theory of noospheric–anthropogenic harmoni. The paper analyzes new scientiﬁ c data on the role of exposome, various external and internal factors that lead to the development of Metabolic syndrome. The role of various infection, disbiosis, nutrision factors (microbiota correctors, dietary ﬁber, etc.) are discussed.

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38

Tinghong, Huang. "Analysis on the Investment Strategy Problems and Countermeasures of Gree Electric during the Transformation Period." Journal of Economics and Public Finance 7, no. 1 (December 4, 2020): p11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v7n1p11.

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This paper analyzes Gree’s internal and external capital investment, starting from the perspective of strategic transformation and based on the analysis of financial data, compares the changes of Gree’s internal and external investment activities before and after the transformation, and explores whether Gree’s investment strategy is conducive to Gree’s diversified strategic transformation, as well as the problems existing in the investment strategy and effective improvement measures.

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Kuleszewicz, Anna. "External and Internal Policies of Belarus After Crimea Annexation." Polish Political Science Review 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppsr-2015-0034.

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Abstract Within the last few years, significant changes have taken place in the geopolitical and economic spheres of Europe: Euromaidan, annexation of the Crimea in the East, and problems inside the European Union (issue of migrants, Brexit) in the West. These changes had their impact on Belarus, a country situated between Russia and the EU. Conflict between Ukraine and Russia shook the Belarusian economy. Belarusian authorities were afraid about unexpected Russian steps towards Minsk and about social unrest against their own authoritarian president. All of this forced Alexander Lukashenko to search for new solutions in his policies. During recent months, it was possible to observe the change of a political discourse with Poland, attempts of a cautious cooperation with Russia (which is still Belarus’ main ally), and a search for new sources of finances and energy suppliers. The present situation is a new challenge for Belarusian authorities and even for foreign observers. For inhabitants of the country, the situation is not comfortable. This article aims to present, based on selected sources, the synthesis of actions that were taken in the external and internal politics by the Belarusian authorities after the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula.

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Horntvedt, May-Elin T., Maria Romøren, and Betty-Ann Solvoll. "Ethical problems related to intravenous fluids in nursing homes." Nursing Ethics 21, no. 8 (March 18, 2014): 890–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733014521093.

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Background: Intravenous fluids and/or antibiotics are applied to only a limited extent in Norwegian nursing homes, and the patients are often sent to hospital in these situations. A transfer and a stay in hospital may be unnecessary strains for frail older patients. Given this background, a collaborative research project was initiated in a Norwegian county in 2009. A teaching programme was developed, which aimed to strengthen the awareness of ethics, assessments and practical procedures related to intravenous fluid and/or antibiotics among healthcare professionals. Objectives: This qualitative study aimed to increase our knowledge of the ethical problems experienced by nursing home nurses in situations related to the administration of intravenous fluids and/or antibiotics. Research design: An exploratory design was used, and five focus group interviews were conducted with 26 registered nurses. A hermeneutic analytic approach was applied. Ethical considerations: This study was reported to the Norwegian Social Science Data Services in May 2010. The Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics approved the collaborative research project. Findings: The analysis showed that the nurses experienced difficult decision-making situations, which were interpreted as external pressure and internal pressure. External pressure emerged in interactions with patients and relatives. Organizational factors were also interpreted as external pressure. Internal pressure was interpreted as the nurses’ experience of feeling inadequate in situations where it was difficult to protect the dignity of patients. Discussion: These findings correspond with international studies, which show that ethical problems often arise during decision-making situations. Conclusion: In agreement with the definition of an ethical problem, we found that the nurses experienced uncertainty and disagreements about how situations should be managed. External and internal pressures related to intravenous fluids and/or antibiotics in nursing homes have not been reported in previous studies. Thus, these findings merit further exploration.

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Bernedo, Isabel Mª, María Jesús Fuentes, and Milagros Fernández. "Behavioral Problems in Adolescents Raised by Their Grandparents." Spanish Journal of Psychology 11, no. 2 (November 2008): 453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600004467.

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This research analyzes, for the first time using a Spanish sample, the behavioral problems of adolescents in the custody of their grandparents. The sample consisted of 68 adolescents (31 boys and 37 girls, with a mean age of 13.7 years) in the custody of 54 grandparents with an average age of 65.9 years for the grandfathers, and 63.6 years for the grandmothers. The instrument employed was the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL;; Achenbach, 2001). The results indicate that the majority of both boys and girls can be classified within the normal range on scales of internal behavior, external behavior and total behavioral problems. When gender and age differences were analyzed, it was found that boys had more behavioral problems than girls on scales of incompliance with rules and external behavior. Meanwhile, it was shown that older adolescents had more somatic problems, as well as more behavioral problems, as measured by both the internal scale and total scale of the CBCL, than the younger participants.

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Botan, Carl H. "Public relations problems in addressing internal and external audiences in campus union organizing drives." Public Relations Review 11, no. 4 (December 1985): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-8111(85)80042-4.

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Janoski, T. "Synthetic Strategies in Comparative Sociological Research: Methods and Problems of Internal and External Analysis." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 32, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1991): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002071529103200104.

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Raskach, Kirill Fedorovich. "Extension of Differential Operator Method to Inhomogeneous Problems with Internal and External Neutron Sources." Nuclear Science and Engineering 165, no. 3 (July 2010): 320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse09-47.

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Díaz-Guilera, A., and J. M. Rubí. "Internal and external fluctuations around nonequilibrium steady states in one-dimensional heat-conduction problems." Physical Review A 34, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.34.462.

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Mikulincer, Mario. "Learned helplessness and egotism: Effects of internal/external attribution on performance following unsolvable problems." British Journal of Social Psychology 28, no. 1 (March 1989): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1989.tb00841.x.

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Mishuev, A. V., V. S. Borovkov, and V. N. Spiridonov. "Consideration of external and internal transciency of flow when solving problems of river ecology." Hydrotechnical Construction 25, no. 7 (July 1991): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01423907.

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Deguchi, J., T. Kuroiwa, S. Nagasawa, G. Satoh, and T. Ohta. "Indications and Problems of Intracranial Stenting Report of Two Cases." Interventional Neuroradiology 6, no. 1_suppl (November 2000): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15910199000060s122.

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There have been few reports of stenting in the intracranial arteries. We used coronary stents in the chronically occluded intracranial vertebral artery and stenosis of internal carotid artery by the external force, and good blood flow were resumed. Stenosis in the intracranial arteries is also a good indication for stent placement when it is due to chronic total occlusion or artery compression by external force. But stent placement in the intracranial arteries has some problems. Stent placement in the intracranial artery is indicated only when the site of stent placement has a diameter of 3 mm or more, is a relatively linear portion of the vertebrobasilar artery or the internal carotid artery proximal to the C3 segment, and does not branch off perforating arteries or is already completely occluded.

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Зайцева, Наталия, and Nataliya Zaitseva. "Problems and Prospects of Hotel Business Development in Russia." Servis Plus 7, no. 4 (December 11, 2013): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1696.

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In the article the author presents her conclusions drawn as a result of a research into the major internal and external environment factors affecting hotel business development in Russia. The author assesses the level of factor and identifies the ultimate challenges and impediments.

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Biazzi, Jorge Luiz. "Aggregate planning for probabilistic demand with internal and external storage." Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv11n1p37-52.

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<p>This paper presents three approaches to support decision-making for production planning, sales and inventory problems. They work in a situation with: non-stationary probabilistic demand; production capacity in regular hours and overtime; shortage leads to lost sales; limited internal storage space; and ordering costs resulting from machine preparation are negligible. In the first approach, we consider the problem as linear and deterministic. In the second, safety inventories are used to fill a probabilistic demand, but the possibility of stockout is not considered. The third approach estimates shortage resulting from demand uncertainty. The last two approaches use iterative processes to re-estimate unit holding cost, which is the basis to calculate safety inventories in each period of the horizon. Using Microsoft Excel Solver, with linear programming and nonlinear search functions, a hypothetical example (but strongly based on real-life companies) and some scenarios permit concluding that developing more realistic and complex models may not provide significant benefits.</p>

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