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Journal articles on the topic 'Internal and external reasons'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

WONG, DAVID B. "Moral Reasons: Internal and External." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 72, no. 3 (2006): 436–558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2006.tb00581.x.

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Shevchenko, A. A. "Practical Normativity: Internal and External Reasons." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 16, no. 2 (2018): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2018-16-2-42-52.

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3

Brunero, John. "RECENT WORK ON INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL REASONS." American Philosophical Quarterly 54, no. 2 (2017): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/44982129.

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Abstract This paper examines some recent arguments for intemalism that (i) appeal to an analogy between practical and theoretical reasons, (ii) look toward our practices of reasoning with others, or (iii) tie reasons to good deliberation. The conclusion of this paper is a skeptical one: none of these new arguments gives us sufficient reason to think that internalism is true.

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4

Williams, Bernard, and Tomasz Żuradzki. "Racje wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne (przeł. Tomasz Żuradzki)." Roczniki Filozoficzne 67, no. 1 (2019): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rf.2019.67.1-11.

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5

Godshalk, Veronica M., and C. Melissa Fender. "External and Internal Reasons for Career Plateauing." Group & Organization Management 40, no. 4 (2014): 529–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601114558062.

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Horning, Amber, Lyndsay Thompson, and Christopher Thomas. "Harlem Pimps’ Reflections on Quitting: External and Internal Reasons." Victims & Offenders 14, no. 5 (2019): 561–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2019.1628147.

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Giriūnas, Lukas, Jonas Mackevičius, and Romualdas Valkauskas. "Clusterization of reasons for bankruptcy of enterprises." Buhalterinės apskaitos teorija ir praktika, no. 14 (December 18, 2013): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/batp.2013.13465.

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Bankruptcies of enterprises are among the most common events in the market economy. They cause a lot of negative effects not only for the company and its employees, but also for other companies and institutions, the state and society.  Although the researchers have examined the reasons for bankruptcy, there is no list of the signs clearly indicating the likelihood of bankruptcy. Or such list is impossible due to the fact that causes of bankruptcy are related to the complex and constantly changing external environment of the company. That is why various features are only the symptoms poin

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Brewer, Talbot. "The Real Problem With Internalism About Reasons." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 32, no. 4 (2002): 443–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2002.10716526.

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Over the past two decades, moral philosophers have been engaged in a seemingly interminable debate about the role of internal and external reasons in practical reasoning. The rough distinction between these two sorts of reasons is this: internal reasons apply to particular agents in virtue of their relation to that agent's desires, preferences, or other motivational states, while external reasons are normative for particular agents quite independently of their relation to the subjective motivational states of these agents.

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Gizbert-Studnicki, Tomasz. "On legal things to do: external and internal legal reasons." Revus, no. 37 (May 24, 2019): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/revus.4791.

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S.V., Orekhova, and Nikitinа O.M. "DOMESTIC LABOR MARKETS: PHENOMENON AND REASONS FOR SEPARATION." Russian Electronic Scientific Journal 49, no. 3 (2023): 170–80. https://doi.org/10.31563/2308-9644-2023-49-3-170-180.

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Social and labor transformation determines the choice between a closed or open personnel policy. The reasons for choosing a closed personnel policy are explained by the concept of internal labor markets. The article is devoted to the theoretical area of internal labor market phenomenon as well as the rationale for its sustainable functioning in organizations. The key characteristics of internal labor market are the need for a specific human capital of workers, intra-company labor pricing, long-term labor contracts, the presence of formalized and transparent institutions for the development and

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11

Laverty, Megan, and Maughn Gregory. "Evaluating classroom dialogue Reconciling internal and external accountability." Theory and Research in Education 5, no. 3 (2007): 281–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14778785070050030501.

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In this article we present an instrument to be used by students and professors to evaluate classroom dialogue. We begin with an explanation of the classroom community of inquiry and why we value it as a pedagogical approach. We then describe our different reasons for evaluating classroom dialogue — including institutional, professional and pedagogical accountability — and describe the inherent conflicts among these reasons. We explain how our evaluation instrument was designed to ameliorate these conflicts. We recount a number of theoretical and practical problems we encountered in designing a

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Laverty, Megan, and Maughn Gregory. "Evaluating classroom dialogue Reconciling internal and external accountability." Theory and Research in Education 5, no. 3 (2007): 281–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477878507081792.

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In this article we present an instrument to be used by students and professors to evaluate classroom dialogue. We begin with an explanation of the classroom community of inquiry and why we value it as a pedagogical approach. We then describe our different reasons for evaluating classroom dialogue — including institutional, professional and pedagogical accountability — and describe the inherent conflicts among these reasons. We explain how our evaluation instrument was designed to ameliorate these conflicts. We recount a number of theoretical and practical problems we encountered in designing a

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13

Chistoborodov, Gennady, and Nadezhda Psareva. "Strategy transformation of the organization: reasons, factors, conditions." Vestnik BIST (Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies), no. 3(60) (September 29, 2023): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47598/2078-9025-2023-3-60-70-75.

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The relevance of research in the field of transformation of the organization's strategy in an unstable external and internal environment is of high importance. Despite numerous publications of scientific articles and the presence of a sufficiently developed theoretical base, there is no unambiguous understanding of the term "Transformation" in relation to the development strategy of the organization. The factors and conditions affecting the need for transformation are not fully classified. The study systematizes factors of the external and internal environment that cause the need for transform

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Hall, David. "Internal Reasons and the Problem of Climate Change." Theoria 66, no. 160 (2019): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/th.2019.6616003.

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Climate action is conventionally framed in terms of overcoming epistemic and practical disagreement. An alternative view is to treat people’s understandings of climate change as fundamentally pluralistic and to conceive of climate action accordingly. This paper explores this latter perspective through a framework of philosophical psychology, in particular Bernard Williams’s distinction between internal and external reasons. This illuminates why the IPCC’s framework of ‘Reasons for Concern’ has an inefficacious relationship to people’s concerns and, hence, why additional reason giving is requir

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Sekacheva, A. N. "Internal and External Reasons for China’s One Belt, One Road Initiative." Post-Soviet Issues 9, no. 2 (2022): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2022-9-2-204-212.

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Over the past decades, China has managed to become one of the most developed countries in the world. Having strengthened its economy, China began to actively pursue a foreign policy, one of the instruments for the implementation of which was the One Belt, One Road initiative. Initially, the initiative was considered by the leadership of the PRC as a mechanism for solving internal problems, as well as a plan to promote relations with the countries of Southeast Asia. However, as it developed, the initiative began to acquire the features of a foreign policy strategy, the purpose of which is to pr

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Brągiel, E., V. Górka, B. Ślusarczyk, and M. Dykiel. "The reasons for the collapse of enterprises in Poland." Європейський вектор економічного розвитку 29, no. 2 (2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5362-2020-2-29-1.

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Businesses operating in a market economy cannot guarantee the continuity of their operations. In economic realities, in addition to developing companies that work well, there are also companies that go bankrupt. The article aims to analyze the situation and indicate the reasons for the collapse of enterprises in Poland. To do this, an analysis of the number of newly created and liquidated enterprises was conducted on the basis of data from the Central Statistical Office and a synthesis of the causes of their collapse based on a review of the literature. The division of reasons for bankruptcy o

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17

Sagar, Paul. "Minding the Gap: Bernard Williams and David Hume on Living an Ethical Life." Journal of Moral Philosophy 11, no. 5 (2014): 615–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455243-4681019.

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Bernard Williams is frequently supposed to be an ethical Humean, due especially to his work on ‘internal’ reasons. In fact Williams’s work after his famous article ‘Internal and External Reasons’ constitutes a profound shift away from Hume’s ethical outlook. Whereas Hume offered a reconciling project whereby our ethical practices could be self-validating without reference to external justificatory foundations, Williams’s later work was increasingly skeptical of any such possibility. I conclude by suggesting reasons for thinking Williams was correct, a finding which should be of concern for any

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TITOV, Gennadiy I., Nadezhda A. NOVOPASHINA, and Vyacheslav G. TITOV. "CAUSES OF HEAT NETWORKS DAMAGEABILITY." Urban construction and architecture 6, no. 2 (2016): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2016.02.4.

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Factors reduced the reliability of the heat supply networks is proposed to generalize to more substantive reasons. These are: external corrosion, internal corrosion and other reasons. The change of amount of heat damage to the outside network and internal corrosion, depending on the pipe diameter is introduced. The curve characterizing changes in the amount of heat damage to the network from external corrosion reliably obeys a normal distribution law. Recommendations to increase the service life of the heat pipe network are given.

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19

Golembo, V. "About one approach to increasing the security of computer systems against intrusion." Computer systems and network 4, no. 1 (2022): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/csn2022.01.021.

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The article considers an approach to increasing the security of computer systems from intrusion. The importance of the problem of information security and cybersecurity is substantiated. Strategies of attack and destructive actions used by intruders (hackers) are considered. 16 different attack and intrusion strategies are identified. The reasons for the vulnerability of computer systems are analyzed. Two groups of reasons are considered: objective reasons depending on the hardware and software components of the computer system and subjective reasons depending on the human factor. It is noted

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Péteri, György. "External Politics—Internal Rivalries." East Central Europe 44, no. 2-3 (2017): 309–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04402002.

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In this article, the author discusses two episodes in the history of Hungarian communist era social scientific research where changes occurring within the academic field had major tremors of momentous political change as their background. The first case is the breakthrough of an empiricist research program in economics in 1954–56, no doubt enabled and conditioned by the New Course following Stalin’s death. The second case is the purge in social theory and sociology (the so-called “Philosophers’ Process”) in the first half of the 1970s propelled by the conservative backlash in high politics in

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21

Zheng, Haiyang. "Reasons for the Decline of the Dutch East India Company." Modern Management Forum 4, no. 3 (2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/mmf.v4i3.2505.

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<p>Through the analysis of the Dutch East India Company employees, operating costs, the disadvantages of monopoly business model itself, as well as strategies to cope with Asia-Europe trade transformation during the 18th century, this article explores the internal and external factors that lead to the company’s decline.</p>

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22

Bakhriddinova, Muyassarkhon R. "The Role of Internal and External Factors in the Formation of Uzbek Legal Terms." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 14, no. 1 (2022): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v14i1.221069.

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This article discusses the study of Uzbek legal terms, main features of legal terminology and the internal and external opportunities in the formation of Uzbek legal terms. Indeed, prior to the discussion of these very terms, views of both Uzbek and international scholars including lawyers and linguists were provided. Comparing their opinions, the author then expressed own perceptions in a bid to reach an ample conclusion. For this research primary and secondary data were applied entailing encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesis, legal documents, codes and others. Mostly qualitative method was uti

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23

Bakhriddinova, Muyassarkhon R. "THE ROLE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF UZBEK LEGAL TERMS." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 12 (2021): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-12-27.

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This very article discusses the study of Uzbek legal terms, main features of legal terminology and the internal and external opportunities in the formation of Uzbek legal terms. Indeed, prior to the discussion of these very terms, views of both Uzbek and international scholars including lawyers and linguists were provided. Comparing their opinions, the author then expressed own perceptions in a bid to reach an ample conclusion. For this research primary and secondary data were applied entailing encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesis, legal documents, codes and others. Mostly qualitative method wa

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24

Zheng, Jia Hong, and Min Li. "Analysis on Vibration Response of Gear Transmission System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 65 (June 2011): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.65.177.

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The inherent characteristics of the wind generators growth gearbox were solved, then the reasons which caused the gear transmission system generating dynamic incentive was analyzed, and also internal incentive and external incentive were given to 2MW wind generators gear transmission system quantitatively. On the basis of these, 2MW wind generators growth gearbox system’s vibration response caused under internal incentive and external incentive was solved and analyzed.

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25

LIU, Xiao. "Reasons for Chinese EFL Teacher’s Role Anxiety in Teacher Identity Formation: A Comparative Analysis of Teacher Metaphors." Arab World English Journal 13, no. 4 (2022): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol13no4.3.

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Along with the development of information technology and its increasing application in foreign language teaching, English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers encounter new challenges from students and society. In the dynamic process of teacher identity formation, EFL teachers are likely to experience anxiety in role shifts. This article studies the interactions between the internal and external perceptions of Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ role through a comparative analysis of teacher metaphors. Metaphors written by EFL teachers represent pro-internal perceptions, and

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26

Bombaci, Hasan, Ozgur Erdogan, and Ozan Tanyu. "The Groin Pain in the Gymnasts and its Possible Reasons." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (2014): 2325967114S0019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00195.

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Objectives: The overuse injury in gymnasts due to overstretching of the joints is quite frequent. One of the most frequent complaints due to overuse injuries is pain on the insertion region of rectus femoris at the iliac apophysis. In the present study the possible reasons of the groin pain in the gymnasts were evaluated. Methods: Twenty-two amateur athletes from the gymnastic club aged between 8-12 years, were included in this study. Twenty were female and two male, Athletes have been training for 2-4 hours in 5-6 days a week, for 3 to 10 years, performing floor exercises (17 rhytmic gymnasts

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27

Bogdanovski, Masan. "Locke's "internal" questions." Theoria, Beograd 47, no. 1-2 (2004): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo0402025b.

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As Moore does in his proof of the external world, Locke asks the question about the existence of things external to our minds as, in Carnap's sense, an "internal" question. The real reason to be dissatisfied with Locke's causal arguments against skepticism is not that they fail to remove the skeptical alternatives imperiling our knowledge, but in the fact that they sidestep the philosophical skepticism, the characteristically "external" way of posing the philosophical questions about the knowledge of external objects.

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Abdelhay, Osama, Mohammad Altamimi, Qusai Abdelhay, et al. "Perceived barriers to physical activity and their predictors among adults in the Central Region in Saudi Arabia: Gender differences and cultural aspects." PLOS ONE 20, no. 2 (2025): e0318798. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318798.

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Objective To assess the perceived barriers hindering physical activity among adult residents of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to identify associated sociodemographic and health-related factors, focusing on gender differences and cultural aspects. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from the 9th of January 2022 to the 2nd of February 2023, involving 7,903 physically inactive participants aged 18 to 80. Participants were recruited using a two-stage cluster sampling method from the Central Region of Saudi Arabia. In the first stage, subregions based on the administrative distribution by th

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Tyukaeva, Tatyana. "Migration from Maghreb: External and Internal Challenges for Europe." Contemporary Europe 103, no. 3 (2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope320216170.

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The article explores the issue of Maghrebi migration to Europe in the context of potential external and internal challenges it poses to European states and societies. Special attention is given to the „push‟ factors that underpin emigration of Maghrebis. The results of research highlight that migration from Maghreb to Europe is persistent. The current military, political and socioeconomic dynamics in the region imply that the Maghrebi migration flow will increase in the future. The article concentrates on reasons for radicalization of some members of Maghrebi immigrant communities in Europe. T

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Kurniawan, Aries, and Yuni Nur Farida. "Alasan Warga Daerah Agraris Menjalankan Bisnis." Jurnal Riset Entrepreneurship 2, no. 1 (2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jre.v2i1.791.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to find out the reasons or basis of why they choose to run a business or become entrepreneurs in the majority of the community as fish farmers and employees. This study uses qualitative methods with the determination of samples using incidental methods.The results of the study show that the reasons for the villagers to carry out entrepreneurial activities are influenced by two factors, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors are factors that arise from within yourself. While external factors are factors that arise from outside that cannot be contr

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Ismanto, Hadi. "Optimalisasi Potensi Kelompok Sebagai Solusi Hambatan Memulai Usaha." Jurnal Riset Entrepreneurship 2, no. 1 (2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jre.v2i1.792.

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This study aims to find out the reasons or basis of why they choose to run a business or become entrepreneurs in the majority of the community as fish farmers and employees. This study uses qualitative methods with the determination of samples using incidental methods.The results of the study show that the reasons for the villagers to carry out entrepreneurial activities are influenced by two factors, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors are factors that arise from within yourself. While external factors are factors that arise from outside that cannot be controlled.Th

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32

Holm, Sophie, and Vladislav Rjéoutski. "“I ask Your Excellency most humbly to pardon me for writing in a foreign language”: French in Russian and Swedish internal diplomatic correspondence, c. 1720s-1740s." Langues et professions en Russie au XVIIIe siècle 2, no. 65 (2024): 327–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/123lc.

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To fully comprehend the rise of French as a “professional” language within European diplomacy in the century following the Peace of Westphalia, a comprehensive examination of diplomatic communications, both external and internal, is necessary. The essay explores the role of French in internal diplomatic correspondence, a topic far less studied than the language’s role in external exchanges. By comparing sources from Russian and Swedish archives, dating roughly from the time frame between the 1720s and the 1740s, we highlight the various reasons why French was used alongside the domestic langua

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Qiu, Xuelai. "An Analysis of the Reasons for the Prosperity and Development of Italian Economy in 1950s and Early 1960s." BCP Business & Management 24 (August 10, 2022): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v24i.1529.

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Europe was in ruins after the end of World War II in 1945. Italy, on the other hand, pulled itself out of the hole and achieved the pinnacle of its economic development in just two decades, which is known as an economic miracle. The purpose of this article is to explore the reasons why Italy was able to turn the situation around and make its economy flourish when almost all European countries were in development difficulties after the second World War. Based on the analysis of the economic development in the 1950s and early 1960s, combined with the economic development measures adopted at that

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Azizah, Alfi, Suparno, and Slamet Supriyadi. "Reasons behind Students' Silence to Teacher's Directive Utterances: A Case Study on A Lower Secondary School in Yogyakarta." NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching 13, no. 2 (2022): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/nobel.2022.13.2.254-270.

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Classroom interaction is identified to engage students in responding and interacting with teachers and other students. However, one problem that usually interferes with teacher-student interaction is unpredictable students’ reactions in interpreting the teacher’s utterances. The present research investigated several reasons for students’ responses to teachers’ directive utterances. To reach the objective, a case study was applied. Three eighth-grade students in a Yogyakarta lower secondary school were selected to participate in this study. The data were collected through observation and interv

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Berry, Tiffany, and Katherine B. LaVelle. "Comparing Socioemotional Outcomes for Early Adolescents Who Join After School for Internal or External Reasons." Journal of Early Adolescence 33, no. 1 (2012): 77–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431612466173.

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Yarashevich, Viachaslau, and Yuliya Karneyeva. "Economic reasons for the break-up of Yugoslavia." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 46, no. 2 (2013): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2013.03.002.

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The history of Yugoslavia continues to attract academic attention more than twenty years after the violent break-up of this federative state. Analyzing why it happened can be instructive in dealing with many unsolved problems in the region. The article will argue that deteriorating economics triggered all other factors leading to eventual disintegration of Yugoslavia. Specifically, during the 1980s external and internal economic imbalances, coupled with substantial regional disparities, resulted in a situationwhichwas no longer acceptable to some constituent republics, especially the wealthier

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Bolos, O. C., A. Bolos, R. Buzatu, A. S. Valceanu, and D. C. Bratu. "Minimally invasive treatment of dental dyschromia." Medicine in Evolution 27, no. 3 (2021): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.70921/medev.v27i3.1132.

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Dental dyschromia is one of the main reasons why patients request treatment in the dental office. Dental dyschromia represent the alteration of the physiological color of teeth. This paper shows 2 minimally invasive treatment alternatives for dental discoloration – external and internal bleaching. The main purpose of bleaching techniques is to restore the esthetic aspect of teeth. Good knowledge of external and internal bleaching techniques protocol and materials are necessary, in order to obtain a good result.

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Burns, Mason D., and Margo J. Monteith. "Confronting stereotypic biases: Does internal versus external motivational framing matter?" Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, no. 7 (2018): 930–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430218798041.

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We investigated whether confrontations of intergroup bias that had an external (e.g., emphasizing social norms) versus internal (e.g., emphasizing values) motivational framing differentially reduced subsequent stereotyping. Internally and externally framed confrontations reduced stereotyping equally compared to a control condition, both immediately (Experiments 1 and 2) and across a 2- to 3-day delay (Experiment 1). Only weak evidence was found for a “matching hypothesis” when participants own chronic internal and external motivations to respond without prejudice were assessed. Confrontation f

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Alas, Ruth, and Junhong Gao. "Human Resource Crises in Chinese Enterprises." Business: Theory and Practice 11, no. (4) (2010): 335–44. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2010.36.

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This research paper provides a HR crisis management reference for Chinese organisations. The aims of this paper are to discover and describe HR crises and management situations in Chinese organisations. The research questions are as follows: 1) – How did the crisis happen? 2) – How did the company handle the crisis? 3) – What result came from the crisis? In this paper, exploratory and descriptive approaches were used to complete the survey. The qualitative method (interview) was used in this study since it enables one to gain a deeper knowledge and understanding of the detailed information. Th

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Huang, Tianze. "Analysis of External, Peer, and Internal Measures of the Enterprise." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 61, no. 1 (2023): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/61/20231256.

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In the current society, if a company needs to become strong, it needs to achieve the following three key points: analyzing the external environment of the company, comparing policies between companies, and solving internal problems within the company. This paper investigated the business environment and internal management issues of British enterprises in recent years by using the environment analysis model (PESTEL model). Many companies are collected as research samples, among which Sainsbury Supermarket was used as an example to explore the role of PESTEL factors. Nestle and Coca-Cola were u

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Nielsen, Richard P. "Reformed National Security Internal Whistleblowing Systems and External Whistleblowing as Countervailing Ethics Methods." Administration & Society 52, no. 5 (2018): 660–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399718760583.

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This article (a) reviews parts of the general literature on internal and external whistleblowing, (b) reviews parts of the national security whistleblowing literature and context, (c) discusses theoretical and legal reasons for considering whistleblowing as a countervailing ethics method, (d) discusses problems with the current national security internal whistleblowing system, (e) proposes developmental changes and reforms, (f) considers why potential reforms might reduce the need for ethically and legally problematic external whistleblowing, and (g) concludes that if reforms are not made, whi

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Cao, Yichen. "Research on Motivation and Performance of SPC Reverse Mixed Reform Case." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 17, no. 1 (2024): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/xm3d1782.

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Taking Beijing SPC Environment Protection Tech Co., Ltd. ("SPC") as an example, this paper discusses the reasons for its reverse mixed ownership reform ("mixed ownership reform") and its influence on enterprise performance. SPC is an influential private environmental protection enterprise, and its mixed reform practice has important research value. External reasons include structural reform and the support of national policies, while internal reasons are the need to solve financial difficulties and increase financing capacity. After the introduction of state-owned capital, SPC aims to enhance

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Ng, Karen. "Life and the Space of Reasons: On Hegel’s Subjective Logic." Hegel Bulletin 40, no. 1 (2018): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hgl.2018.15.

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AbstractThis paper defends Hegel’s positive contribution in the Subjective Logic and argues that it can be understood as presenting a compelling account of the space of reasons as a form of second nature. Taking Hegel’s praise of Kant’s conception of internal purposiveness and its connection to what he calls the Idea as a point of departure, I argue that Hegel’s theory of the Idea that concludes theLogicmust be understood in direct reference to Kant’s argument in the thirdCritiquethat purposiveness defines the space of judgement’s power. I take up two arguments that help to understand Hegel’s

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Kolosov, V. "Internal and external sovereignty of post-Soviet unrecognized states." Pathways to Peace and Security, no. 1 (2022): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2022-1-67-91.

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The article studies internal and external sovereignty of unrecognized or partially recognized post-Soviet states through the use of empirical analysis of quantitative data and critical analysis of subjective factors. It analyzes statistical and other information that reflects the demographic and socio-economic situation, foreign economic relations of such entities, and their impact on neighboring countries and regions. This is combined with the critical study of public opinions and popular identities based on surveys and 13 focus groups conducted in the fall of 2020 in Transnistria and Abkhazi

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Suherlan, Ade. "MENINGKATKAN KINERJA: INTERNAL & EXTERNAL FACTORS." SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF REFLECTION : Economic, Accounting, Management and Business 3, no. 1 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v3i1.110.

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Providing excellent service is mandatory, the customer feels the warmth of the employee, hospitality, smile, responsiveness, and tenderness. The company must work hard, encourage performance improvement, commitment, stimulate self-enthusiasm by promoting career development. This research is intended to look at internal and external performance factors. The reason for using quantitative methods is simple, and can show clarity of interpretation. To collect data, questionnaires were distributed. Respondents answered according to predetermined criteria (Likert scale), then the data were analyzed u

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Ji, Shun Wen, Min Sheng Zheng, and Yu Jie Su. "Study on High Performance Concrete Cracking and Measures for Crack Prevention." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.245.

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Various reasons suggested to cause high performance concrete cracks were investigated, such as external and internal constraints, thermal deformation and creep. Firstly, the real temperature and stress fields simulated were suggested, and then the reasons for cracking and engineer measures for prevention from cracking in high performance concrete were analyzed. The main concept and characteristic of the measures are that the cracking prevention of concrete is a complicated comprehensive problem to be solved by application of combination with different measures in time under construction. The r

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Manly, Tracy S., Deborah W. Thomas, and Christina M. Ritsema. "Attracting Nonfilers through Amnesty Programs: Internal versus External Motivation." Journal of the American Taxation Association 27, s-1 (2005): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2005.27.s-1.75.

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We investigate a subset of nonfilers by analyzing data provided by the Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration (DFA) from the 1997 Arkansas State Tax Penalty Amnesty. Our data sources include the tax returns filed by amnesty participants, a voluntary, confidential survey completed by approximately 32 percent of amnesty filers, and a list of amnesty participants who received a notice from DFA under the FedState data-sharing program during the amnesty period. We divide our sample into three groups based on motivation for participating in the amnesty program. The first group consists of

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Zhou, Longjun, and Fuzhou Wang. "Is Sex Hormone the Driving Force of School Violence? The Neurobehavioral Evidence." Science Insights Education Frontiers 7, no. 1 (2020): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/sief.20.co002.

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When our students suffer school violence, we often subconsciously focus on the perpetrator’s personal behavior and other external factors related to it, such as family, school, and classmates. Of course, these external reasons are naturally more or less related to the behavior of the perpetrator, but are there any internal driving factors that make violence uncontrollable?

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Zhou, Longjun, and Fuzhou Wang. "Is Sex Hormone the Driving Force of School Violence? The Neurobehavioral Evidence." Science Insights Education Frontiers 7, no. 1 (2020): 727–34. https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.20.co002.

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When our students suffer school violence, we often subconsciously focus on the perpetrator’s personal behavior and other external factors related to it, such as family, school, and classmates. Of course, these external reasons are naturally more or less related to the behavior of the perpetrator, but are there any internal driving factors that make violence uncontrollable?

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Minkina, N. A., and E. A. Leonova. "Ethics and science.The responsibility of the scientist." Bulletin of Science and Research Center “Stroitelstvo” 31, no. 4 (2021): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2021-4(31)-134-141.

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The article discusses the relationship between science and morality, the history of this relationship, and the reasons for a recent surge of interest in this issue. An attempt is made to identify internal and external mechanisms that regulate morality. The authors reason that among the most important of them are conscience, responsibility, and public opinion. The paper specifically addresses the problem of the responsibility of science, the structure of responsible actions, as well as new social relations emerging in the modern world.

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