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Journal articles on the topic 'Internal and external stressors'
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Gupta, S. "Lability of mood and stressors in the internal and external environment." International Clinical Psychopharmacology 28 (December 2012): e37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.yic.0000423302.31025.f4.
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Grosik, Cindy. "Identification of Internal and External Stressors in Parents of Newborns in Intensive Care." Permanente Journal 17, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7812/tpp/12-105.
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Aghaei, Mahmoud, Sanaz Dastghaib, Sajjad Aftabi, Mohamad-Reza Aghanoori, Javad Alizadeh, Pooneh Mokarram, Parvaneh Mehrbod, et al. "The ER Stress/UPR Axis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis." Life 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11010001.
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Cellular protein homeostasis in the lungs is constantly disrupted by recurrent exposure to various external and internal stressors, which may cause considerable protein secretion pressure on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in the survival and differentiation of these cell types to meet the increased functional demands. Cells are able to induce a highly conserved adaptive mechanism, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), to manage such stresses. UPR dysregulation and ER stress are involved in numerous human illnesses, such as metabolic syndrome, fibrotic diseases, and neurodegeneration, and cancer. Therefore, effective and specific compounds targeting the UPR pathway are being considered as potential therapies. This review focuses on the impact of both external and internal stressors on the ER in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and discusses the role of the UPR signaling pathway activation in the control of cellular damage and specifically highlights the potential involvement of non-coding RNAs in COPD. Summaries of pathogenic mechanisms associated with the ER stress/UPR axis contributing to IPF and COPD, and promising pharmacological intervention strategies, are also presented.
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Wu, Qi, and Yanfeng Xu. "Parenting stress and risk of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A family stress theory-informed perspective." Developmental Child Welfare 2, no. 3 (September 2020): 180–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516103220967937.
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The risk of child maltreatment is heightened during the pandemic due to multiple COVID-19 related stressors, such as physical and mental health concerns, economic stress, challenges in homeschooling, marital conflicts and intimate personal violence, and intensified child–parent relationships. Both parental internal (e.g., parenting styles) and external resources (e.g., social support), and parental perceptions toward stressors will affect how parents cope with these stressors, which may exacerbate or mitigate the risk of child maltreatment. Guided by family stress theory, this article identifies COVID-19 related stressors at the family level, and further elaborates on how these stressors are associated with child maltreatment via parents’ resources, perceptions, and coping strategies. Implications for future practice and research are discussed.
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Kamiński, Piotr, Jędrzej Baszyński, Izabela Jerzak, Brendan P. Kavanagh, Ewa Nowacka-Chiari, Mateusz Polanin, Marek Szymański, Alina Woźniak, and Wojciech Kozera. "External and Genetic Conditions Determining Male Infertility." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 5274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155274.
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We explain environmental and genetic factors determining male genetic conditions and infertility and evaluate the significance of environmental stressors in shaping defensive responses, which is used in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. This is done through the impact of external and internal stressors and their instability on sperm parameters and their contribution to immunogenetic disorders and hazardous DNA mutations. As chemical compounds and physical factors play an important role in the induction of immunogenetic disorders and affect the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic responses, causing oxidative stress, and leading to apoptosis, they downgrade semen quality. These factors are closely connected with male reproductive potential since genetic polymorphisms and mutations in chromosomes 7, X, and Y critically impact on spermatogenesis. Microdeletions in the Azoospermic Factor AZF region directly cause defective sperm production. Among mutations in chromosome 7, impairments in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR gene are destructive for fertility in cystic fibrosis, when spermatic ducts undergo complete obstruction. This problem was not previously analyzed in such a form. Alongside karyotype abnormalities AZF microdeletions are the reason of spermatogenic failure. Amongst AZF genes, the deleted in azoospermia DAZ gene family is reported as most frequently deleted AZF. Screening of AZF microdeletions is useful in explaining idiopathic cases of male infertility as well as in genetic consulting prior to assisted reproduction. Based on the current state of research we answer the following questions: (1) How do environmental stressors lessen the quality of sperm and reduce male fertility; (2) which chemical elements induce oxidative stress and immunogenetic changes in the male reproductive system; (3) how do polymorphisms correlate with changes in reproductive potential and pro-antioxidative mechanisms as markers of pathophysiological disturbances of the male reproductive condition; (4) how do environmental stressors of immunogenetic disorders accompany male infertility and responses; and (5) what is the distribution and prevalence of environmental and genetic risk factors.
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Riordan, Richard J., and Sandra K. Saltzer. "Burnout Prevention among Health Care Providers Working with the Terminally Ill: A Literature Review." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 25, no. 1 (August 1992): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/eq6r-gx93-pw34-jtke.
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A review of the literature on burnout and its prevention among caregivers to the dying is presented in this article. The literature shows that health care providers who work with the dying do experience many stressors unique to the specialty, but also many which are common to other health care workers. External and internal stressors common to this specialty field are summarized, and suggestions for reduction or elimination of these stressors are generated from the literature. A self-care wellness program is extracted from the various literature sources and provides what is thought to be an essential foundation to burnout prevention.
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Bocheva, Georgeta, Radomir M. Slominski, and Andrzej T. Slominski. "Neuroendocrine Aspects of Skin Aging." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 11 (June 7, 2019): 2798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112798.
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Skin aging is accompanied by a gradual loss of function, physiological integrity and the ability to cope with internal and external stressors. This is secondary to a combination of complex biological processes influenced by constitutive and environmental factors or by local and systemic pathologies. Skin aging and its phenotypic presentation are dependent on constitutive (genetic) and systemic factors. It can be accelerated by environmental stressors, such as ultraviolet radiation, pollutants and microbial insults. The skin’s functions and its abilities to cope with external stressors are regulated by the cutaneous neuroendocrine systems encompassing the regulated and coordinated production of neuropeptides, neurohormones, neurotransmitters and hormones, including steroids and secosteroids. These will induce/stimulate downstream signaling through activation of corresponding receptors. These pathways and corresponding coordinated responses to the stressors decay with age or undergo pathological malfunctions. This affects the overall skin phenotype and epidermal, dermal, hypodermal and adnexal functions. We propose that skin aging can be attenuated or its phenotypic presentation reversed by the topical use of selected factors with local neurohormonal activities targeting specific receptors or enzymes. Some of our favorite factors include melatonin and its metabolites, noncalcemic secosteroids and lumisterol derivatives, because of their low toxicity and their desirable local phenotypic effects.
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Smith, Matthew J., Phil D. J. Birch, and Dave Bright. "Identifying Stressors and Coping Strategies of Elite Esports Competitors." International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations 11, no. 2 (April 2019): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgcms.2019040102.
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Researchers have examined some of the psychological aspects of competing at a high level in esports. The present study aims to build on this literature by examining the various stressors faced and the associated coping strategies employed by seven esports competitors. The interviews were inductively analysed, and the findings illustrated a range of internal (e.g., communication issues, lack of shared team goals) and external (e.g., event audience, media interviews) stressors that the participants faced. Following this, the coping strategies used to deal with these stressors were deductively analysed. A number of emotion- (e.g., breathing, relaxation), problem- (e.g., intra-team communication after matches), and approach- (e.g., team camps, delegating roles) coping strategies were described by participants. Avoidance coping strategies were predominantly highlighted as being used during games. Results are considered in line with how applied practitioners might support players to develop strategies to deal with stressors, which might in turn lead to performance enhancements.
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Lomeli, Naomi, Daniela A. Bota, and Kelvin J. A. Davies. "Diminished stress resistance and defective adaptive homeostasis in age-related diseases." Clinical Science 131, no. 21 (October 25, 2017): 2573–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20160982.
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Adaptive homeostasis is defined as the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range following exposure to subtoxic, non-damaging, signaling molecules or events, or the removal or cessation of such molecules or events (Mol. Aspects Med. (2016) 49, 1–7). Adaptive homeostasis allows us to transiently adapt (and then de-adapt) to fluctuating levels of internal and external stressors. The ability to cope with transient changes in internal and external environmental stress, however, diminishes with age. Declining adaptive homeostasis may make older people more susceptible to many diseases. Chronic oxidative stress and defective protein homeostasis (proteostasis) are two major factors associated with the etiology of age-related disorders. In the present paper, we review the contribution of impaired responses to oxidative stress and defective adaptive homeostasis in the development of age-associated diseases.
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Bebok, Zsuzsa, and Lianwu Fu. "Stressors and Stress Responses in Cystic Fibrosis." Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diseases 5, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ersc-2018-0002.
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Abstract Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening, genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). The primary cause of CF is reduced CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport, due to mutations in CFTR. However, inflammation and persistent infections influence clinical outcome. Cellular stress response pathways, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the integrated stress response (ISR), referred to here as cellular stress response pathways (SRPs), contribute to the pathology of human disorders. Multiple studies have indicated activation of SRPs in CF tissues. We review our present understanding of how SRPs are activated in CF and their contribution to pathology. We conclude that reduced CFTR function in CF organs establishes a tissue environment in which internal or external insults activate SRPs. SRPs contribute to CF pathogenesis by reducing CFTR expression, enhancing inflammation with consequent tissue remodeling. Understanding the contribution of SRPs to CF pathogenesis is crucial even in the era of CFTR “modulators” that are designed to potentiate, correct or amplify CFTR function, since there is an urgent need for supportive treatments. Importantly, CF patients with established pathology could benefit from the targeted use of drugs that modulate SRPs to reduce the symptoms.
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Yunyk, I. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STABILITY OF COMMUNICATORS IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARATION FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 1 (2019): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2019.41.68-72.
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The article considers the psychological stability of communicators as their personal property, which is included in the syndrome of the state of psychological readiness for communicative activity. Psychological stability is interpreted as non-inherited, but acquired property, which provides conditions not only for the rapid and qualitative creation of the generalized image of the imaginary model of reporting information to recipients, but also for its successful implementation during professional activities. This phenomenon is highlighted in two hypostases: the system of internal structure (process); external environment (result). From the point of view of the system-structural approach, this property of communicators is inherent in invariance, while from the standpoint of the effectiveness of the activity - the rate of renewal of the lost condition. The position concerning the role of psychological stability in determination of the negative influence of factors on the coordination of the reproduction of the necessary information by communicators under extreme conditions is substantiated. There are described psychological mechanisms of the influence of the phenomenon not only on maintenance of the unchanging corresponding state of communicators and on maintaining the coherence of verbal and non-verbal reproduction of information, but also on the implementation of resistance to internal or external obstacles. It is proved that psychological stability of communicators is subject to purposeful formation in the process of preparation for professional activity. Specific forms of its formation are: the preparation of communicators to leveling excessive action of any short-term or long-term stressors in the process of communicative activity; preparation of communicators to leveling out excessive influence of internal and external factors. It is revealed that the formed psychological stability of communicators gives them the opportunity to quickly find creative approaches to solving complicated tasks during the transfer of necessary information to recipients.Key words: communicators; recipients; psychological stability; stressors; formation; professional activity.
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Daniel, Denzil, Aavudai Anandhi, and Sumit Sen. "Conceptual Model for the Vulnerability Assessment of Springs in the Indian Himalayas." Climate 9, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9080121.
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The Indian Himalayan Region is home to nearly 50 million people, more than 50% of whom are dependent on springs for their sustenance. Sustainable management of the nearly 3 million springs in the region requires a framework to identify the springs most vulnerable to change agents which can be biophysical or socio-economic, internal or external. In this study, we conceptualize vulnerability in the Indian Himalayan springs. By way of a systematic review of the published literature and synthesis of research findings, a scheme of identifying and quantifying these change agents (stressors) is presented. The stressors are then causally linked to the characteristics of the springs using indicators, and the resulting impact and responses are discussed. These components, viz., stressors, state, impact, and response, and the linkages are used in the conceptual framework to assess the vulnerability of springs. A case study adopting the proposed conceptual model is discussed for Mathamali spring in the Western Himalayas. The conceptual model encourages quantification of stressors and promotes a convergence to an evidence-based decision support system for the management of springs and the dependent ecosystems from the threat due to human development and climate change.
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Li, Xiao Ming, Xiang Hui Xu, San Qiao Yao, Jia Li, Ru Zhu Wang, Yuan Liu, Yu Ping Bai, and Yu Lan Jin. "Stepwise Regression Analysis of Work Locus of Control and Stress in Mine Emergency Rescuers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.245.
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Objective to study the mine emergency rescuers occupational stress and work locus of control relationship Methods Work locus of control has been measured by using the WLCS scale. The occupational stress instrument has been employed to investigate the stressors, personalities, social support, and coping strategies as well as the subjects age, length of service, sex, educational level and marriage status. The stepwise regression analysis was used for testing the difference of stressors among the groups with different scores of work locus of control. Results the occupational stress reactions influencing factors who were entered predictive model and R2 were different between internal control group and external control group. Conclusion When the level of work locus of control are different, there are different level of occupational stress in mine emergency rescue workers.
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Tierney, Kathleen J. "Controversy and Consensus in Disaster Mental Health Research." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 15, no. 4 (December 2000): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025292.
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AbstractControversies regarding the mental health consequences of disasters are rooted both in disciplinary orientations and in the widely varied research strategies that have been employed in disaster mental health studies. However, despite a history of dissensus, there are also key issues on which researchers agree. Disasters constitute stressful and traumatic experiences. However, vulnerability to such experiences, as well as to more chronic Stressors, is socially structured, reflecting the influence of socio-economic status and other axes of stratification, including gender, race, and ethnicity. Disaster events differ in the extent to which they generate stress for victims. A holistic perspective on disaster mental health would take into account not only disaster event characteristics, but also social-systemic sources of both acute and chronic stress, secondary and cumulative Stressors, and victims internal and external coping capacities.
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Cooper, Ashley N., Chun Tao, Casey J. Totenhagen, Ashley K. Randall, and Sarah R. Holley. "Daily stress spillover and crossover: Moderating effects of difficulties in emotion regulation in same-sex couples." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 1245–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519891777.
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Using daily diary data from 81 same-sex couples, we examined the link between stress experienced outside the relationship (external) and within the relationship (internal) for individuals (stress spillover) and their partners (stress crossover). Extending prior literature, we examined spillover and crossover of both common external (e.g., work stress) and sexual minority stress (e.g., discrimination based on sexual orientation) and the extent to which individuals’ own and their partner’s difficulties in emotion regulation moderated these associations. We found compelling evidence for spillover of common external stress and crossover of both types of stress. Further, we found both concurrent (same day) and lagged (next-day) stress spillover and crossover processes for both types of external stressors, moderated by both partners’ reported difficulties in emotion regulation. Findings related to stress spillover and crossover as well as implications for researchers and clinicians working with same-sex couples are discussed.
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O'Neill, PA. "Aging homeostasis." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 7, no. 3 (August 1997): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095925989700734x.
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Homeostasis is the ability of a living organism to control its internal environment despite fluctuations in the external environment. Claude Bernard proposed the concept of 'milieu interieur'. The hypothesis rests on the belief that cells need a precisely defined local environment in which to function optimally. The maintenance of the micro-environment is dependent on integration of the systems of the organism (body), including behaviour, to protect the cell(s) from external stressors. When the environment changes, the body needs to sense the alteration, then set in motion mechanisms which mitigate the change and restore the previous balance. If it fails to do this, the organism will ultimately die as systems fail.
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Zapata, Juliana, and Edmundo Rogerio Esquivel. "Evaluation of internal and external stresses on the SPT sampler." DYNA 83, no. 195 (February 23, 2016): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v83n195.51138.
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The N<sub>SPT</sub> index is usually used in empirical correlations to estimate parameters of the soil, carrying capacity, foundation settlement, etc. Because these correlations have no scientific basis, researchers have been developing rational methods of analysis, based on energy concepts. The amounts of energy involved in the SPT test are evaluated by the EFV method. With force and acceleration records, amounts of energy, equipment efficiency, experimental dynamic reaction force of the soil and stresses acting on the sampler were assessed. In this study, a sample extractor system was designed, which consists of a base, a hydraulic cylinder and a load cell. The objective of this equipment is to experimentally quantify the internal friction force, allowing the stresses acting on the sampler to be evaluated. Also, the Aoki's a parameter, which is the ratio of internal friction and external friction between the ground and the sampler, could be calculated.
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Jinescu, George, and Valeriu V. Jinescu. "State of the Body Evaluation on the Basis of Principle of Critical Energy." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 10 (November 15, 2018): 2928–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.10.6655.
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An analysis is made of the body internal and external factors that might affect its general condition. This is the starting point that can make it possible to further decide on the risk of surgery. The stresses that a body is likely to undergo may be divided into two categories: - stresses that are externally applied to the body (traumatic injuries, surgery ...); - stresses resulting in an internal effect upon body resistance (damage caused by external and / or internal factors, medical treatments ...), plus the effect of the body adaptive self-adjustment. One resorts to the concepts introduced by the principle of critical energy, namely, the specific energy participation of external stresses and the critical participation, non-dimensional variables, dependent on the behavior of the organism under different stresses. By comparing the values of these concepts, calculated for a patient, one can decide on the risk of one or more successive surgeries over a short period of time. The theoretical results obtained applied to several cases demonstrate the actual implementation of the proposed calculation method and its great practical advantage.
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Gil, Vincent E. "In Thy Father's House: Self-Report Findings of Sexually Abused Daughters from Conservative Christian Homes." Journal of Psychology and Theology 16, no. 2 (June 1988): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164718801600203.
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This study explores the childhood sexual abuses of 35 adult women who were raised in conservative Christian homes. These women, self-defined as victims of father-daughter incest, completed a structured questionnaire and were selectively interviewed about their abuse histories. Analyses of these date revealed that the sample shared many of the features of incestuous abuse found in the general population, but differed in the higher prevalence of sexual abuse by biological fathers (66%) rather than by stepfathers (34%). Natural fathers exhibited a broader range of sexual contacts with their daughters than did stepfathers, the nature and severity of these varying along with their denominational affiliation. Overall, stepfathers were less likely to seriously abuse their stepdaughters. This trend did not vary along with their religious affiliation. Collectively, fathers and stepfathers were viewed as emotionally problemed, legalistic, or coping with stresses external to the home. Such external factors correlated significantly to the styles of communication in the home, particularly between fathers and daughters as these perceived it; to the religious climate of the home; and to the general stress felt in the home itself. Implications drawn suggest that external stressors and internal communications combine with legalistic orientations to significantly influence the abuse dynamic. Suggestions for mediation and therapy are offered.
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Abdullah, Syafirin, Kohar Sulistiyadi, and Aman Mufit. "THE STRESSORS AMONG AMBULANCE NURSES DURING EMERGENCY RESPONSESAT OIL & GAS INDUSTRIAL CITIESIN QATAR." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12329.
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The previous literatures and studies told us workers in Emergency Services such as Paramedics and Ambulance Nurses face high risk of stress. One of the reason is the stressors they encounter during Emergency Responses. The aim of this study is to investigate various stressors face by Ambulance Nurses during Emergency Responses in Industrial Cities of Oil and Gascompanies in Qatar. This study is Descriptive Explorative and Verificative with design of Cross Sectional. There are 125 Ambulance Nurses Employees in this Industrial Cities included in this project. The research were conducted between June-September 2019. An total 100 Ambulance Nurses responded to the study and were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis with Software SPSS Trial Version. The Result of PCA reanalyzed with Confirmatory Factor with Software of Amos 24.The result of PCA revealed there are 23 stressors encountered by Ambulance Nurses during Emergency Responses which contains of 3 dimensions such as Internal, External and Environment. The aforementioned result of PCA reanalyzed with Confirmatory Factor Analysis using Software Amos student version yielded CMIN/DF=1,521, GFI=0,821, RSMEA=0,073. Conclusion: The finding suggest that Ambulance Nurses faced Multiple Job Stressors while responding Emergency Calls.The Instrument of The Sources Ambulance Nurses Stress during Emergency Responses to have adequate Validity and Reliability.
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Ventriglio, Antonio, Susham Gupta, and Dinesh Bhugra. "Why do we need a social psychiatry?" British Journal of Psychiatry 209, no. 1 (July 2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.175349.
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SummaryHuman beings are social animals, and familial or social relationships can cause a variety of difficulties as well as providing support in our social functioning. The traditional way of looking at mental illness has focused on abnormal thoughts, actions and behaviours in response to internal causes (such as biological factors) as well as external ones such as social determinants and social stressors. We contend that psychiatry is social. Mental illness and interventions in psychiatry should be considered in the framework of social context where patients live and factors they face on a daily basis.
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Kane, Michele. "Creating a culture of calm." Gifted Education International 34, no. 2 (August 9, 2017): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261429417716350.
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In this article, the practice of mindfulness is examined as a useful tool to address the internal and external stressors that occur daily for gifted students and their teachers. A culture of calm can be created when these simple, effective, and inexpensive evidence-based strategies are implemented within the classroom. Beyond enhancing empathy and compassion, mindfulness sharpens awareness and strengthens executive functions, fosters keen visualization, and encourages innovation and intuition. Opportunities for deep learning are optimal when a peaceful environment is generated collaboratively which encourages focused attention and a sense of well-being.
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Haley, William, and Joanne Elayoubi. "Individual Differences in Caregiving: Application of a Stress Process Model." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2276.
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Abstract Stress process models propose individual differences in caregiver outcomes depending on background characteristics and primary caregiving stressors, and resilience factors including stress appraisals, and internal and external resources. This paper will examine individual differences in the effects of the transition to caregiving on indicators of well-being and biomarkers of inflammation. Completed analyses show that, contrary to previous findings from cross-sectional studies, changes in well-being after caregiving generally do not differ by caregiver race, gender, age, or relationship category (spouse, adult child, others). Additional analyses examine the relationship of primary caregiving stressors (e.g. ADL and behavioral problems), stress appraisals (e.g., perceived stressfulness of ADL and IADL problems, perceived benefits of caregiving), and personality with changes in well-being and inflammation after the transition to caregiving. The lack of differences on most biomarker measures suggests that caregivers show substantial resilience in the face of significant, chronic caregiving stress.
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Passarelli, Marcello, Laura Casetta, Luca Rizzi, and Raffaella Perrella. "Responses to Stress: Investigating the Role of Gender, Social Relationships, and Touch Avoidance in Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020600.
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Stress is a physiological response to internal and external events we call “stressors”. Response to the same daily stressors varies across individuals and seems to be higher for women. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that women perceive sociality, relationships, and intimacy—important sources of both stress and wellbeing—differently from how men experience them. In this study, we investigate how gender, attachment, and touch avoidance predict stress responses on a sample of 335 Italians (216 females; age = 35.82 ± 14.32). Moreover, we analyze the network of relationships between these variables through multiple linear regression and exploratory network analysis techniques. The results recontextualize the role of gender in determining stress responses in terms of (lack of) confidence and touch avoidance toward family members; attitudes toward relationships seem to be the main determinants of stress responses. These results have implications for reducing stress in both clinical settings and at a social level.
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Takatsuka, Hirotomo, Atsushi Shibata, and Masaaki Umeda. "Genome Maintenance Mechanisms at the Chromatin Level." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 10384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910384.
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Genome integrity is constantly threatened by internal and external stressors, in both animals and plants. As plants are sessile, a variety of environment stressors can damage their DNA. In the nucleus, DNA twines around histone proteins to form the higher-order structure “chromatin”. Unraveling how chromatin transforms on sensing genotoxic stress is, thus, key to understanding plant strategies to cope with fluctuating environments. In recent years, accumulating evidence in plant research has suggested that chromatin plays a crucial role in protecting DNA from genotoxic stress in three ways: (1) changes in chromatin modifications around damaged sites enhance DNA repair by providing a scaffold and/or easy access to DNA repair machinery; (2) DNA damage triggers genome-wide alterations in chromatin modifications, globally modulating gene expression required for DNA damage response, such as stem cell death, cell-cycle arrest, and an early onset of endoreplication; and (3) condensed chromatin functions as a physical barrier against genotoxic stressors to protect DNA. In this review, we highlight the chromatin-level control of genome stability and compare the regulatory systems in plants and animals to find out unique mechanisms maintaining genome integrity under genotoxic stress.
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Boschetti, Fabio, Karine Prunera, Mathew A. Vanderklift, Damian P. Thomson, Russell C. Babcock, Christopher Doropoulos, Anna Cresswell, and Hector Lozano-Montes. "Information-theoretic measures of ecosystem change, sustainability, and resilience." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 4 (June 19, 2019): 1532–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz105.
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Abstract We introduce five measures describing the system-wide behaviour of complex ecological systems. Within an information-theoretic framework, these measures account for changes in both species diversity and total biomass to describe (i) overall system change, (ii) sustainability to external pressure, (iii) shift from a baseline state and two types of resilience: (iv) ability to recover from local pressures and (v) overall potential to return to a baseline state. We apply these measures to study the behaviour of three computer models: a large 59-functional groups complex ecological model (Ecopath with Ecosim) of north Western Australia undergoing internal dynamics, a smaller 6-group coral reef model subjected to various combinations of single and multiple stressors and a prey–predator model displaying limit cycles. We demonstrate the state-dependency of properties like resilience and sustainability by showing how these measures change in time as a function of internal dynamics and external forcing. Furthermore, we show how our proposed measures can simplify system analysis and monitoring by providing indicators of changes in system behaviour, sustainability, and resilience.
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Gaidica, Matt, and Ben Dantzer. "Quantifying the Autonomic Response to Stressors—One Way to Expand the Definition of “Stress” in Animals." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa009.
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Abstract Quantifying how whole organisms respond to challenges in the external and internal environment (“stressors”) is difficult. To date, physiological ecologists have mostly used measures of glucocorticoids (GCs) to assess the impact of stressors on animals. This is of course too simplistic as Hans Seyle himself characterized the response of organisms to “noxious stimuli” using multiple physiological responses. Possible solutions include increasing the number of biomarkers to more accurately characterize the “stress state” of animal or just measuring different biomarkers to more accurately characterize the degree of acute or chronic stressors an animal is experiencing. We focus on the latter and discuss how heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) may be better predictors of the degree of activation of the sympathetic–adrenal–medullary system and complement or even replace measures of GCs as indicators of animal health, welfare, fitness, or their level of exposure to stressors. The miniaturization of biological sensor technology (“bio-sensors” or “bio-loggers”) presents an opportunity to reassess measures of stress state and develop new approaches. We describe some modern approaches to gathering these HR and HRV data in free-living animals with the aim that heart dynamics will be more integrated with measures of GCs as bio-markers of stress state and predictors of fitness in free-living animals.
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MABERLY, S. C., and J. A. ELLIOTT. "Insights from long-term studies in the Windermere catchment: external stressors, internal interactions and the structure and function of lake ecosystems." Freshwater Biology 57, no. 2 (December 14, 2011): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02718.x.
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Mourtzi, Niki, Amalia Sertedaki, and Evangelia Charmandari. "Glucocorticoid Signaling and Epigenetic Alterations in Stress-Related Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 5964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115964.
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Stress is defined as a state of threatened or perceived as threatened homeostasis. The well-tuned coordination of the stress response system is necessary for an organism to respond to external or internal stressors and re-establish homeostasis. Glucocorticoid hormones are the main effectors of stress response and aberrant glucocorticoid signaling has been associated with an increased risk for psychiatric and mood disorders, including schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Emerging evidence suggests that life-stress experiences can alter the epigenetic landscape and impact the function of genes involved in the regulation of stress response. More importantly, epigenetic changes induced by stressors persist over time, leading to increased susceptibility for a number of stress-related disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of stress response, the mechanism through which stressful experiences can become biologically embedded through epigenetic alterations, and we underline potential associations between epigenetic changes and the development of stress-related disorders.
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Yano, Kosuke, Takayoshi Kase, and Kazuo Oishi. "The effects of sensory-processing sensitivity and sense of coherence on depressive symptoms in university students." Health Psychology Open 6, no. 2 (July 2019): 205510291987163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055102919871638.
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Sensory-processing sensitivity differentiates individuals according to responsivity to internal and external stimuli. It has been positively correlated with depressive symptoms. Meanwhile, sense of coherence, an individual’s perception that stressors are comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful for their life, could improve depression. This cross-sectional study investigated the moderation effect of sense of coherence on the relationship between sensory-processing sensitivity and depressive symptoms in university students. Japanese students ( N = 430) participated in a questionnaire survey that assessed levels of sensory-processing sensitivity, sense of coherence, and depressive symptoms. The results showed that a strong sense of coherence moderated the relationship between sensory-processing sensitivity and depressive symptoms in university students.
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Leonova, Elena V. "Parents and children in time of isolation: external and internal factors of mutual understanding." National Psychological Journal 39, no. 3 (2020): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/npj.2020.0307.
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Relevance. The introduction of quarantine measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020 has dramatically changed the format of social life leaving an imprint on social interactions within large and small groups. Moving school and college students to the distance education format and the employees of many enterprises to the remote format of work has brought changes both at the level of relationships within school teams and at the level of family relationships. The objective of the study is to determine the external and internal factors of mutual understanding between parents and children during the period of isolation. Design The sample consisted of 214 parents of schoolchildren living in the cities of the Central Federal District, mainly in the Kaluga Region. The survey was conducted online in April-May 2020 and used Google Forms. External stress factors (housing conditions, financial problems, the sufficiency of computer technology and the quality of Internet connection for remote work / study for all family members) as well as the degree of mutual understanding were studied using a questionnaire. To assess internal factors TIPI-RU, “SHPANA” (PANAS), Brief Cope questionnaires and a questionnaire of behavior style in conflict were used. Based on the results of the study a model for the indirect influence of external stressors (financial problems, the sufficiency of computer technology and the quality of Internet connection) on the mutual understanding of children and parents was developed. This influence is mediated by affective states, coping strategies and the style of behavior of parents in conflict. Such personal qualities of the parents as conscientiousness and emotional stability are also important. Mutual understanding between parents and children is facilitated by a positive emotional attitude of parents, their use of coping strategies such as positive reappraisal, planning, humor, acceptance, as well as styles of behavior in a conflict aimed at reconciliation and compromise. Conclusions. The results of the study showed the need for a differentiated and individual approach to the study of the psychological reactions of the population to the situation of a pandemic and quarantine. Many families perceived the current situation as an opportunity to devote more time to communication and self-development, to the development of children and relationships. The results obtained may reflect the regional specifics – the study was carried out in cities with a less stringent (compared to Moscow) isolation regime during the quarantine period.
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Ferrucci, Luigi, Shabnam Salimi, and Luigi Ferrucci. "EPIGENETICS OF STRESS AND ADAPTATION ACROSS HEALTHSPAN AND LIFESPAN." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2693.
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Abstract Any stimulus that endangers body integrity (stressor) results in an adaptive response to resolve stressful state and determine adaptive or and maladaptive responses. Both chronic extrinsic and intrinsic stressors can produce long-lasting, epigenetic changes in various organs that can eventually result in accelerated changes in bio-physio-pathology. There is initial evidence that stress response involves mechanisms of the epigenetic basis of adaptation and stress response to biological aging and chronic diseases. With aging, homeostasis stability declines causing augmented vulnerability to the external and internal stress. Individuals in whom vulnerability trespass a certain threshold experience accelerated aging and deterioration of health and/ or “secondary aging” phenomena such as premature mortality. Because of substantial heterogeneity of the rate of decline in homeostatic stability, there is inter-individual variability in the age of appearance of chronic diseases and the increased risk of disability and mortality. Thus, tools for the quantification of a stress response would be clinically valuable. Therefore, this symposium suggests approaches to study the epigenetic basis of molecular adaptations across various age, organs’ health-span, and life-span.
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Fox, Stephen. "Future-Proofing Startups: Stress Management Principles Based on Adaptive Calibration Model and Active Inference Theory." Entropy 23, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23091155.
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In this paper, the Adaptive Calibration Model (ACM) and Active Inference Theory (AIT) are related to future-proofing startups. ACM encompasses the allocation of energy by the stress response system to alternative options for action, depending upon individuals’ life histories and changing external contexts. More broadly, within AIT, it is posited that humans survive by taking action to align their internal generative models with sensory inputs from external states. The first contribution of the paper is to address the need for future-proofing methods for startups by providing eight stress management principles based on ACM and AIT. Future-proofing methods are needed because, typically, nine out of ten startups do not survive. A second contribution is to relate ACM and AIT to startup life cycle stages. The third contribution is to provide practical examples that show the broader relevance ACM and AIT to organizational practice. These contributions go beyond previous literature concerned with entrepreneurial stress and organizational stress. In particular, rather than focusing on particular stressors, this paper is focused on the recalibrating/updating of startups’ stress responsivity patterns in relation to changes in the internal state of the startup and/or changes in the external state. Overall, the paper makes a contribution to relating physics of life constructs concerned with energy, action and ecological fitness to human organizations.
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He, Zhi-Qi, and Zhao Liu. "Stresses in External and Internal Unbonded Tendons: Unified Methodology and Design Equations." Journal of Structural Engineering 136, no. 9 (September 2010): 1055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0000202.
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Hirth, J. P., and W. D. Nix. "Analysis of cavity nucleation in solids subjected to external and internal stresses." Acta Metallurgica 33, no. 3 (March 1985): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(85)90078-1.
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Bagdassarov, N. Sh, and D. B. Dingwell. "Deformation of foamed rhyolites under internal and external stresses: an experimental investigation." Bulletin of Volcanology 55, no. 3 (February 1993): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00301512.
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Anandhi, Aavudai, Kyle R. Douglas-Mankin, Puneet Srivastava, Robert M. Aiken, Gabriel Senay, L. Ruby Leung, and Indrajeet Chaubey. "DPSIR-ESA Vulnerability Assessment (DEVA) Framework: Synthesis, Foundational Overview, and Expert Case Studies." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 3 (2020): 741–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13516.
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Highlights A new DPSIR-ESA Vulnerability Assessment (DEVA) framework for land-resource assessment is presented. We broadly define a land-resource target system to include ecological resources and socioeconomic systems. DEVA operationalizes the process of assessing the vulnerability of a target system to external stressors. Six case studies provide examples of the key DEVA concepts and the seven DEVA steps. Abstract. Land resources are central to understanding the relationship between humans and their environment. We broadly define land resources to include all the ecological resources of climate, water, soil, landforms, flora, and fauna and all the socioeconomic systems that interact with agriculture, forestry, and other land uses within some system boundary. Understanding the vulnerability of land resources to changes in land management or climate forcing is critical to developing sustainable land management strategies. Vulnerability assessments are complex, given the multiple uses of the assessments, the multi-disciplinary nature of the problem, limited understanding, the dynamic structure of vulnerability, scale issues, and problems with identifying effective vulnerability indicators. Here, we propose a novel conceptual framework for vulnerability assessments of land resources that combines the driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework adopted by the European Environment Agency to describe interactions between society and the environment, and the exposure-sensitivity-adaptive capacity (ESA) framework used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to assess impacts of climate change. The DPSIR-ESA Vulnerability Assessment (DEVA) framework operationalizes the process of assessing the vulnerability of a target system to external stressors. The DEVA framework includes seven steps: (1) definition of the target system (land resource), (2) description of internal characteristics of the target system (state), (3) description of target system vulnerability indicators (adaptive capacity, sensitivity), (4) description of stressor characteristics (drivers, pressures), (5) description of stressor vulnerability indicators (exposure), (6) description of target system response to stressors (impacts), and (7) description of modifications to target system or stressors (responses). In stating that they have applied the DEVA framework, analysts acknowledge that they (1) have considered the full breadth of each DEVA element, (2) have made conscious decisions to limit the scope and complexity of certain elements, and (3) can communicate both the rationale for these decisions and the impact of these decisions on the vulnerability assessment results and recommendations. The DEVA framework was refined during invited presentations and follow-up discussions at a series of special sessions with leading experts at two successive ASABE Annual International Meetings. Six case studies drawn from the sessions elaborate on the DEVA framework and provide examples of the key concepts. The DEVA framework gives engineers, planners, and analysts a flexible new approach to apply a broad array of useful tools for vulnerability assessment of land resource systems. Keywords: Driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework, Exposure-sensitivity-adaptive capacity (ESA) framework, DPSIR-ESA Vulnerability Assessment (DEVA) framework, Land resource, Systems thinking.
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Leitner, Silvia, Gerald Winter, Jürgen Klarner, Thomas Antretter, and Werner Ecker. "Model-Based Residual Stress Design in Multiphase Seamless Steel Tubes." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020439.
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Residual stresses in quenched seamless steel tubes highly depend on the cooling conditions to which the tubes have been subjected. The design aspect of how to use controlled cooling strategies in multiphase steel tubes to achieve certain residual stress and phase configurations is discussed. In an experimentally validated finite element (FE) model considering a coupled evolution of martensite and bainite, three cooling strategies are tested for a low-alloyed 0.25 wt.% C steel tube. The strategies are (i) external cooling only, (ii) internal and external cooling for low residual stresses in a mainly martensitic tube, and (iii) internal and external cooling with low cooling rate for a mainly bainitic tube. The strategies represent design cases, where low residual stresses with different phase compositions are provoked, in order to show the potential of numerical analysis for residual stress and property design. It can be concluded that, for the investigated steel class, intense external cooling leads to a characteristic residual stress profile regardless of the dimension. A combination of external and internal cooling allows a more flexible design of residual stress and phase distribution by choosing different cooling parameters (i.e., water amount and cooling times). In general, lower cooling rates lead to lower thermal misfit strains, and thus less plasticity and lower residual stresses.
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Adeyanju, Matthew, Ray Tricker, and Rita Spencer. "Comparison of Health Status of International and American University Students: Implications for Health Education." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 10, no. 2 (July 1989): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/u3yp-rc6x-e1wc-4d19.
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The study examined the differences between a sample of 311 international and 251 American university students relative to their self-perceived health status, health attitudes, behaviors, and locus of control using the International Student Health Inventory (ISHI). More specifically, the study compared demographics, current health history, health care obtained by students within the university milieu, health locus of control, wellness attitudes and behaviors. The study addressed the rationale for student health care professionals to improve health services for the international students. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that sociocultural (external) and self-perceived (internal) stressors may influence both groups' health status and care. American students experienced more common minor stress-related illnesses/ailments than international students. Both groups indicated they functioned more from an internal health locus of control. Healthiest and poorest wellness attitudes were reported by the international male and American male students respectively. No observed differences were noticed on the groups' wellness behaviors.
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Weiss, Jonathan A., Aranda Wingsiong, and Yona Lunsky. "Defining crisis in families of individuals with autism spectrum disorders." Autism 18, no. 8 (November 19, 2013): 985–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313508024.
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Parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder often report higher levels of depression, anxiety, and mental health–related issues. The combination of stressors and family adjustment difficulties can cause distress which may develop into a crisis. Understanding crisis in the family is important to mental health practice since it can serve as a guide in delivering service to at-risk families. This study investigated the subjective experience of crisis in 155 mothers of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Thematic analysis revealed that crisis is characterized by factors influencing four major areas: demands, internal capabilities, external resources, and subjective appraisal. Understanding what crisis means to families of individuals with autism spectrum disorder can help inform effective preventative and crisis services.
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IMAI, Tadao, Kuniomi ASAKURA, and Iwao NAKAJIMA. "Effect of Internal Crack Pressure and External Stresses on Gas Permeability of Coal." Shigen-to-Sozai 111, no. 2 (1995): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.111.78.
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Watanabe, Tohru, Takayuki Masuyama, Kazuhiro Nagaoka, and Tsuyoshi Tahara. "Analog experiments on magma-filled cracks: Competition between external stresses and internal pressure." Earth, Planets and Space 54, no. 12 (December 2002): e1247-e1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03352453.
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Brighenti, Roberto. "External Longitudinal Flaws in Pipes Under Complex Loading." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 123, no. 1 (October 2, 2000): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1331280.
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A round pipe with an external longitudinal surface flaw is assumed to be subjected to different types of elementary hoop stress distributions acting perpendicular to the crack faces. The stress intensity factors (SIFs) along the crack front for such elementary cases are determined through the three-dimensional finite element method. Then these results are used to compute approximate values of SIFs in the case of complex loadings (such as internal pressure, thermal stresses, residual stresses due to plasticization, etc.), by employing both the superposition principle and the power series expansions of the actual hoop stresses. Thick and thin-walled pipes are examined, and some results are compared with those presented by other authors.
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Semko, Oleksandr, Oleksii Fenko, Anton Hasenko, Olha Harkava, and Volodymyr Kyrychenko. "Influence of external and internal cooling at solidification on strength of brittle duralumin in compression." MATEC Web of Conferences 230 (2018): 02029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823002029.
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The causes of the occurrence and influence of inherent stresses, unevenly distributed across the cross section, on the strength of materials are analyzed. Methods of creating artificial distribution of inherent stresses with opposite signs in comparison with the usual distribution obtained with natural solidification of the material are given. The sequence of an experiment on cylindrical specimens made of epoxy resin and brittle silicate aluminum alloy in creating distributions of inherent stresses with opposite signs is described. The results of experimental tests of the influence of inherent stresses unevenly distributed across the cross section, on the strength of the epoxy resin and of the fragile silicate aluminum alloy with compression are given. Quantitative characteristics of the influence of unevenly distributed inherent stresses on the strength of materials under compression are obtained. The reasons of the influence of inherent stresses on the strength of materials under compression are analyzed and grounded.
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Robert, D. J., P. Rajeev, J. Kodikara, and B. Rajani. "Equation to predict maximum pipe stress incorporating internal and external loadings on buried pipes." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 8 (August 2016): 1315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0500.
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Pipelines used for water and other services are very important lifelines in modern society. Commonly, these buried pipes are subjected to significant stresses due to external (traffic and earth) and internal (water pressure) loads. As many of these pipelines were laid sometime in the last century or earlier, in most cases their condition has deteriorated primarily by electrochemical and (or) microbiological corrosion. Corrosion activity (internal and external) can manifest in various forms, but in many cases will lead to reduced pipe thickness, which in turn leads to an increase in pipe stresses induced by the external and internal loads. Currently available analytical procedures to estimate pipe stresses are based on oversimplifications such as the two-dimensional (2-D) analysis based on Winkler springs, limiting their application to general pipe burial conditions. This paper describes the application of a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method to analyse a buried pipe subjected to external and internal loads. Firstly, the finite element model is validated against the data from field tests conducted on the basis of a cast iron pipe that was laid in 1930 at Strathfield, Sydney, Australia. The results of these 3-D finite element analyses are then used to develop a closed-form expression to predict maximum stresses in pipes of different sizes buried in different soil types. Having obtained a good agreement between the proposed model outcomes and the 3-D finite element analysis results, the proposed model has been validated against the field test data under different internal and external loadings. The verified outcomes of the model reveal that it can be used to predict maximum stresses without conducting a full-scale finite element analysis, which often requires specific computational resources and computational skills. Furthermore, the proposed model can be used in probabilistic analyses, where a large number of calculations need to be carried out to account for the uncertainty of the input variables. The applications of the model are also discussed in relation to the assessment of pipe performance and remaining safe life.
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LIU, YUEDAN, TAE-SOO CHON, HUNKI BAEK, YOUNGHAE DO, JIN HEE CHOI, and YUN DOO CHUNG. "PERMUTATION ENTROPY APPLIED TO MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER." Modern Physics Letters B 25, no. 12n13 (May 30, 2011): 1133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491102684x.
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Movement of different strains in Drosophila melanogaster was continuously observed by using computer interfacing techniques and was analyzed by permutation entropy (PE) after exposure to toxic chemicals, toluene (0.1 mg/m3) and formaldehyde (0.01 mg/m3). The PE values based on one-dimensional time series position (vertical) data were variable according to internal constraint (i.e. strains) and accordingly increased in response to external constraint (i.e. chemicals) by reflecting diversity in movement patterns from both normal and intoxicated states. Cross-correlation function revealed temporal associations between the PE values and between the component movement patterns in different chemicals and strains through the period of intoxication. The entropy based on the order of position data could be a useful means for complexity measure in behavioral changes and for monitoring the impact of stressors in environment.
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Telkoparan-Akillilar, Pelin, Emiliano Panieri, Dilek Cevik, Sibel Suzen, and Luciano Saso. "Therapeutic Targeting of the NRF2 Signaling Pathway in Cancer." Molecules 26, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051417.
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Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases with an increasing incidence and mortality all over the world. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel therapies targeting major cancer-related pathways. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its major negative modulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) are main players of the cellular defense mechanisms against internal and external cell stressors. However, NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway is dysregulated in various cancers, thus promoting tumor cell survival and metastasis. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms of normal and deregulated NRF2 signaling pathway focusing on its cancer-related functions. We further explore activators and inhibitors of this pathway as cancer targeting drug candidates in order to provide an extensive background on the subject.
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Shelestova, O. "COPING STRATEGIES AND MODELS OF OVERCOMING POST-STRESS CONDITIONS." Herald of Kiev Institute of Business and Technology 43, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37203/kibit.2020.43.09.
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The article is devoted to the research of coping strategies on the adaptation process. Actions associated with the COVID 19 pandemic touched many areas of life. They provided increased requirements for human mental activity, creating additional stresses, which led to an increase in neuropsychiatric disorders. Models of overcoming post-stress states are considered. The role of external and internal factors in the formation and overcoming of post-stress states and disorders of adaptation is analyzed in the article. In the process of studying the underlying patterns and mechanisms of adaptation to normal life, two psychological models of overcoming post-stress states were identified: psychodynamic and cognitive. The psychodynamic model notes that successful adaptation of personality requires awareness of all aspects of traumatic experience and integration through the scheme "traumatic stress - negation - relapse - acceptance". The cognitive model is a cognitive theory of stress, that is, a cognitive assessment of a person's most traumatic event, and himself in it. Three types of assessment were proposed to determine a person's response to a traumatic event: primary, secondary stress assessment, and reassessment. Many researchers consider the impact of stress adaptation to be one of the leading causes of disorders of adaptation. Also, the manifestations of adaptation disorders are greatly exacerbated by the simultaneous complex action of several stressors. The severity of active stressors does not always correlate with the severity of adaptation disorders, as personality traits and cultural and social norms and values contribute to the response to stress. Also, the features of the development of these disorders of adaptation disorders depend on the features of cognitive processes, personal resources of the individual involved in their regulation.
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Karamanos, S. A., and J. L. Tassoulas. "Stability of Ring-Stiffened Tubular Members Under External Pressure." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 117, no. 2 (May 1, 1995): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842102.
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This paper presents results of a rigorous nonlinear finite element technique for the stability analysis of ring-stiffened steel tubes under external pressure. Large deformation, plasticity, as well as residual stresses and imperfections, are taken into account. Both internal and external stiffeners are simulated. A study of various parameters which affect pressure capacity is summarized, along with a comparison with available experimental data.
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Arvinen-Barrow, Monna, Kelsey DeGrave, Stephen Pack, and Brian Hemmings. "Transitioning Out of Professional Sport: The Psychosocial Impact of Career-Ending Non-Musculoskeletal Injuries Among Male Cricketers From England and Wales." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2017-0040.
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The purpose of this study was to document the lived experiences of professional cricketers who had encountered a career-ending non-musculoskeletal injury. Three male cricketers each with over nine years of playing experience in professional cricket representing England and Wales participated in retrospective in-depth semi-structured interviews. The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis revealed that at the time of the injury, the participants were at the “final stretch” of their professional sporting careers and that despite a range of unpleasant reactions to injury, all participants experienced a healthy career transition out of sport. To best prepare athletes for a life outside of sport, ensuring athletes have sufficient plans in motion early on in their careers can reduce external and internal stressors, which if not addressed, can increase sport injury risk and have a negative effect on athletes’ reactions post-injury.