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Journal articles on the topic 'Internal Combustion Eng'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kot, Adam, and Waldemar Łatas. "Experimental and theoretical investigation of CVT rubber belt vibrations." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (2021): 1196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0121.

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Abstract This article contains the results of experimental tests of vibrations of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) belt transmission driven by a two-stroke internal combustion engine. The measurements were made with the use of a high-speed camera, which allowed to obtain results impossible to obtain with other measurement methods. The nonlinear integro-partial differential equation of vibrations of the moving belt is given. Based on a simplified linear equation, the observed effects on the amplitude–frequency characteristics obtained from the measurements are explained. An approximat

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Gregório, Jorge P., and Francisco M. Brójo. "Development of a 4 stroke spark ignition opposed piston engine." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (2018): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0039.

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Abstract The purpose of this project was to develop a low-cost OP engine, 4-stroke, gasoline by joining two single-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engines with side valves on the block, removing the heads. The chosed engine was Model EY15 of Robin America. Joining these two engine blocks together made possible to build an opposed-piston engine (OPE) with two crankshafts. In this new engine, the combustion chamber is confined to the space inside the cylinder between the piston heads and the chamber between the valves. The pistons move in the cylinder axis in opposite directions, a fe

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Shashkova, Nina, Yelena Lukyanova, Victor Selivanov, Anatoliy Kazak, and Igor Bukreev. "Solving the transport problem as a basis for preserving the ecology of the popular resorts of the Black Sea coast." E3S Web of Conferences 458 (2023): 03023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345803023.

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The ecological situation in the resorts of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the Crimea cannot but cause concerns. Once these resorts were positioned as climatic ones with a strongly marked therapeutic and health-improving climate. Today, we are no longer talking about the healing properties of the climate of these regions. But it is possible to preserve these regions for future generations as centers of medical and health tourism. One of the factors negatively affecting the ecology of the Black Sea resort areas is the expansion of vehicles with internal combustion engines. Waste exhaust

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Asatryan, Rubik, Jason Hudzik, Venus Amiri, and Mark T. Swihart. "Internally Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer (I-CHAT)—A New Class of Reactions in Combustion Chemistry." Molecules 30, no. 3 (2025): 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030524.

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The current paradigm of low-T combustion and autoignition of hydrocarbons is based on the sequential two-step oxygenation of fuel radicals. The key chain-branching occurs when the second oxygenation adduct (OOQOOH) is isomerized releasing an OH radical and a key ketohydroperoxide (KHP) intermediate. The subsequent homolytic dissociation of relatively weak O–O bonds in KHP generates two more radicals in the oxidation chain leading to ignition. Based on the recently introduced intramolecular “catalytic hydrogen atom transfer” mechanism (J. Phys. Chem. 2024, 128, 2169), abbreviated here as I-CHAT

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Nor Azwadi Che Sidik and Ehsan Kianpour. "Influence of Compound Spherical Trenched Holes on Film Cooling Performance at the end of Combustor Simulator." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 28, no. 1 (2022): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.28.1.1324.

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The major effects of cylindrical and spherical trenched cooling holes with distance between the hole surface and the combustion chamber panel and the filler diameter on the spherical hole contact surface and the panel surface H=0.3,R=D/2=0.1, H=0.3, R=D/2=0.2 and H=0.3, R=D/2=0.3 cm at BR=3.18 on the film cooling effectiveness near the combustor end wall surface is an important subject to study in details. In this research, a three-dimensional representation of a Pratt and Whitney gas turbine engine was simulated and analysed with a commercial finite volume package FLUENT 6.2.26. The analyses

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FRIEDL, Hubert, Günter Fraidl, and Paul Kapus. "Highest efficiency and ultra low emission – internal combustion engine 4.0." Combustion Engines 180, no. 1 (2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-102.

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In the future, the simultaneous reduction of pollutant and CO2 emissions will require significantly enhanced powertrain functionalities that cannot only be adequately represented by the ICE (internal combustion engine) alone. Both automated transmissions and especially powertrain electrification can help to meet efficiently those extended requirements. The extended functionalities are no longer applied exclusively with the ICE itself ("Fully Flexible Internal Combustion Engine"), but distributed across the entire powertrain ("Fully Flexible Powertrain"). In addition, the powertrain will be ful

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7

Postrzednik, Stefan. "Combined use of coal mine gases for efficient energy generation." Archives of Thermodynamics 37, no. 4 (2016): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoter-2016-0026.

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Abstract There are two basic types of coal mine gases: gas from demethanation of coal deposits, and ventilation gas; containing combustible ingredients (mainly methane, CH4). Effective use of these gases is an important technical and ecological issue (greenhouse gas emissions), mainly due to the presence of methane in these gases. Serious difficulties in this area (e.g. using them as the fuel for internal combustion (IC) engine) occur mainly in relation to the ventilation gas, whereas the gas from demethanation of coal deposits can be used directly as the fuel for internal combustion engines.

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Manaf, Muhammad Zaidan Abdul, Nik Abdullah Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Shukri Zakaria, Mohd Noor Asril Saadun, and Mohd Hafidzal Mohd Hanafi. "Modeling of Flywheel Hybrid Powertrain to Optimize Energy Consumption in Mechanical Hybrid Motorcycle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.287.

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The creation of internal combustion engine is a significant milestone in power engineering world which simplified high mechanical energy demand jobs like moving vehicle and machinery. Even though the internal combustion engine gives lot of advantages, however, this type of engine is incapable to convert the heat energy from fuel combustion to the mechanical energy efficiently. Small capacity engine e.g. motorcycle engine having the power conversion efficiency between 25-30%. Therefore, alternative power source is required to support the internal combustion engine in order to increase the overa

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Nakaryakov, E. V., M. A. Semin, E. L. Grishin та E. V. Kolesov. "Analysis of the Regularities of Accumulation and Removal of the Exhaust Gases from the Сombustion-engined Vehicles in the Dead-end Chamber-like Mine Workings". Occupational Safety in Industry, № 5 (травень 2021): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-5-41-47.

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The paper presents the results of the mathematical modeling of the conditions for ventilating extended blind dead end stope chamber-like mine workings of large cross-section, which are formed by expanding the preparatory rifled mine working when loading and hauling machines with an internal combustion engine are operating in them. The experience of using CFD-modeling in solving problems of ventilation of such mine workings is analyzed. Numerical dependences of the change in the average concentration of exhaust gases at the workplace of the load-haul-dump machine operator on the operating time

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10

Chen, Jian, Robert Randall, Ningsheng Feng, Bart Peeters, and Herman Van der Auweraer. "Modelling and diagnosis of big-end bearing knock fault in internal combustion engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 16 (2014): 2973–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214524743.

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Big-end bearing knock is considered to be one of the common mechanical faults in internal combustion engines (IC engines). In this paper, a model has been built to simulate the effects of oversized clearance in the big-end bearing of an engine. In order to find a relationship between the acceleration response signal and the oversized clearance, the kinematic/kinetic and lubrication characteristics of the big ending bearing were studied. By adjusting the clearance, the impact forces with different levels of bearing knock fault can be simulated. The acceleration on the surface of the engine bloc

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11

Kalghatgi, Gautam. "Is it really the end of internal combustion engines and petroleum in transport?" Applied Energy 225 (September 2018): 965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.05.076.

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12

Dostiyarov, Abay, Bauyrzhan Nauryz, Madina Kumargarina, et al. "Experimental study results of the front-end device with two-tier air burner as part of the gas turbine engine combustion chamber." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2023): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci221014066d.

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In recent years, the gas turbine power plant has been increasingly used in various industries in Kazakhstan. The reasons for this are: thermal efficiency; simplicity of the thermal scheme and design; small mass per power unit; high maneuverability; low toxicity; relatively simple automation of operation. This paper presents the experimental study results of a two-tier air burner as the part of the gas turbine engine combustion chamber at burning liquid fuel. ? new design of a microflame device was developed. Two-tier burner makes possible the combustion process in a number of discrete zones, i

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Tse, Timothy J., Daniel J. Wiens, and Martin J. T. Reaney. "Production of Bioethanol—A Review of Factors Affecting Ethanol Yield." Fermentation 7, no. 4 (2021): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7040268.

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Fossil fuels are a major contributor to climate change, and as the demand for energy production increases, alternative sources (e.g., renewables) are becoming more attractive. Biofuels such as bioethanol reduce reliance on fossil fuels and can be compatible with the existing fleet of internal combustion engines. Incorporation of biofuels can reduce internal combustion engine (ICE) fleet carbon dioxide emissions. Bioethanol is typically produced via microbial fermentation of fermentable sugars, such as glucose, to ethanol. Traditional feedstocks (e.g., first-generation feedstock) include cereal

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Accardo, Antonella, Trentalessandro Costantino, Gianfranco Malagrinò, Michele Pensato, and Ezio Spessa. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions of a Hydrogen Engine for Automotive Application through Life-Cycle Assessment." Energies 17, no. 11 (2024): 2571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17112571.

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Hydrogen combustion engine vehicles have the potential to rapidly enter the market and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) compared to conventional engines. The ability to provide a rapid market deployment is linked to the fact that the industry would take advantage of the existing internal combustion engine production chain. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it aims to develop a methodology for applying life-cycle assessment (LCA) to internal combustion engines to estimate their life-cycle GHG emissions. Also, it aims to investigate the decarbonization potential of hydrogen engines p

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Yang, Chao, and Zhaolei Zheng. "Construction of a Chemical Kinetic Model of Five-Component Gasoline Surrogates under Lean Conditions." Molecules 27, no. 3 (2022): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031080.

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The requirements for improving the efficiency of internal combustion engines and reducing emissions have promoted the development of new combustion technologies under extreme operating conditions (e.g., lean combustion), and the ignition and combustion characteristics of fuels are increasingly becoming important. A chemical kinetic reduced mechanism consisting of 115 species and 414 elementary reactions is developed for the prediction of ignition and combustion behaviors of gasoline surrogate fuels composed of five components, namely, isooctane, n-heptane, toluene, diisobutylene, and cyclohexa

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Giacomazzi, Eugenio, Guido Troiani, Antonio Di Di Nardo, et al. "Hydrogen Combustion: Features and Barriers to Its Exploitation in the Energy Transition." Energies 16, no. 20 (2023): 7174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16207174.

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The aim of this article is to review hydrogen combustion applications within the energy transition framework. Hydrogen blends are also included, from the well-known hydrogen enriched natural gas (HENG) to the hydrogen and ammonia blends whose chemical kinetics is still not clearly defined. Hydrogen and hydrogen blends combustion characteristics will be firstly summarized in terms of standard properties like the laminar flame speed and the adiabatic flame temperature, but also evidencing the critical role of hydrogen preferential diffusion in burning rate enhancement and the drastic reduction i

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17

Szabados, György, Herman Szűcs, Jozefin Hézer та Brian Sanders. "Investigation of Possibilities of λ = 1 Full Load Operation for Gasoline Engines in the Light of Future Emission Regulation". Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 50, № 2 (2022): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.17433.

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To date, huge amounts of money have been invested in the development of internal combustion engines to reach the current level of technology. High specific power and good thermal efficiency have been achieved, thanks to which, internal combustion engines are now widely used. However, the driving force behind the developments is no longer the high performance, but the compliance with strict emission standards. Future emissions regulation, namely Euro 7, will be challenging for engine and vehicle manufacturers. One possible technical solution may be to use a stoichiometric air-fuel mixture on th

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18

Raffai, Peter, Pavel Novotný, and Jozef Dlugoš. "Computer Simulation of the Behavior of the Piston Ring Pack of Internal Combustion Engines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 821 (January 2016): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.821.166.

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The continuously tightening regulations limiting the amount of exhaust gas components of internal combustion engines force the manufacturers to further increase the effectivity of their power units. Due to the already relatively highly-developed state of engines result in the need of research and development of even smaller engine parts – e.g. piston rings. The main aim of this project was to develop a tool for the computer simulation of the behavior of the piston ring pack, which could aid the optimization process of the piston ring pack towards lowered friction losses.

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MACIEJEWSKA, Marta, Paweł FUĆ, and Monika KARDACH. "Analysis of electric motor vehicles market." Combustion Engines 179, no. 4 (2019): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-428.

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The increasingly restrictive standards related to exhaust emissions from cars make difficult the development of internal combustion engines. The activities undertaken in the design of internal combustion engines are mainly based on downsizing, e.g decreasing the engines displacement. The main direction in the development of vehicle propulsion is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. It is expected to reduce CO2 emissions in 2020 to reach 95 g/km. Electric vehicles achieve low noise levels and do not emitted a burn, and thus, their use leads to a reduction in the amount of toxic exhaust gases in

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20

Monsalve-Serrano, Javier, Giacomo Belgiorno, Gabriele Di Blasio, and María Guzmán-Mendoza. "1D Simulation and Experimental Analysis on the Effects of the Injection Parameters in Methane–Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion." Energies 13, no. 14 (2020): 3734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143734.

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Notwithstanding the policies that move towards electrified powertrains, the transportation sector mainly employs internal combustion engines as the primary propulsion system. In this regard, for medium- to heavy-duty applications, as well as for on- and off-road applications, diesel engines are preferred because of the better efficiency, lower CO2, and greater robustness compared to spark-ignition engines. Due to its use at a large scale, the internal combustion engines as a source of energy depletion and pollutant emissions must further improved. In this sense, the adoption of alternative com

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21

Mao, Zhiwei, Zhinong Jiang, Haipeng Zhao, and Jinjie Zhang. "Vibration-based fault diagnosis method for conrod small-end bearing knock in internal combustion engines." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 60, no. 8 (2018): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2018.60.8.418.

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22

Ghaffar, Zulkifli Abdul, Ahmad Hussein Abdul Hamid, and Mohd Syazwan Firdaus Mat Rashid. "Spray Characteristics of Swirl Effervescent Injector in Rocket Application: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.423.

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Injector is one of the vital devices in liquid rocket engine (LRE) as small changes in its configurations and design can result in significantly different LRE performance. Characteristics of spray such as spray cone angle, breakup length and Sauter mean diameter (SMD) are examples of crucial parameters that play the important role in the performance of liquid propellant rocket engine. Wider spray cone angle is beneficial for widespread of fuel in the combustion chamber for fast quiet ignition and a shorter breakup length provides shorter combustion chamber to be utilized and small SMD will res

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23

Romani, Luca, Alessandro Bianchini, Giovanni Vichi, Alessandro Bellissima, and Giovanni Ferrara. "Experimental Assessment of a Methodology for the Indirect in-Cylinder Pressure Evaluation in Four-Stroke Internal Combustion Engines." Energies 11, no. 8 (2018): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11081982.

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Recent innovations in engine control and diagnostics are providing room for development of innovative combustion approaches (e.g., low-temperature combustion) able to minimize the creation of pollutants. To ensure the constant fulfillment of the prescribed thermodynamic conditions, however, a fast real-time monitoring of the in-cylinder pressure is needed. To this end, dynamic pressure sensors, flush-mounted on the cylinder head, are commonly used. With this approach, the measurement accuracy is high, but the durability is limited by the harsh working conditions. The installation on the cylind

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Huber, Peter, and Mark P. Mills. "The End of the M.E.?" Mechanical Engineering 127, no. 05 (2005): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2005-may-1.

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This article highlights that mechanical engineers control most of the rest of our energy economy. The engineering focus will shift inexorably toward finding the most efficient means of generating electricity on-board. Trains and monster trucks both use big diesel generators. Hybrid cars on the road today burn gasoline, but it is the fuel cell that attracts the most attention from visionaries and critics of the internal combustion engine. Remarkably elegant in its basic operation, the fuel cell transforms fuel into electricity in a single step, completely bypassing the furnace, turbine, and gen

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Wei, Haiqiao, Ceyuan Chen, Gequn Shu, Xingyu Liang, and Lei Zhou. "Pressure wave evolution during two hotspots autoignition within end-gas region under internal combustion engine-relevant conditions." Combustion and Flame 189 (March 2018): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.10.036.

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Utomo, Tony Suryo. "SIMULASI EFEK TURBO CYCLONE TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK ALIRAN UDARA PADA SALURAN UDARA SUATU MOTOR BAKAR MENGGUNAKAN COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS." ROTASI 8, no. 2 (2012): 30–36. https://doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.8.2.30-36.

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Turbo Cyclone is an additional device for an internal combustion engine, which can be used to create swirledflows of air in the intake channel. Swirling flow has abilities to improve fuel/air mixing efficiency, increasingcombustion intensity and stabilizing the combustion flame and also raising the flame propagation speed thus theeffective combustion can be achieved. Turbo Cyclone installation will affect its airflow characteristics, e.g. turbulenceintensity and pressure drop. The blade design has a great effect to the magnitude of turbulence intensity and pressuredrop. The CFD simulation show

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27

Malý, Milan, Marcel Sapík, Jan Jedelský, et al. "Internal flow characteristics in scaled pressure-swirl atomizer." EPJ Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 02059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818002059.

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Pressure-swirl atomizers are used in a wide range of industrial applications, e.g.: combustion, cooling, painting, food processing etc. Their spray characteristics are closely linked to the internal flow which predetermines the parameters of the liquid sheet formed at the discharge orifice. To achieve a better understanding of the spray formation process, the internal flow was characterised using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) and high-speed imaging in a transparent model made of cast PMMA (Poly(methyl methacrylate)). The design of the transparent atomizer was derived from a pressure-swirl ato

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Neamyou, Pichitpon, Kampanart Theinnoi, Boonlue Sawatmongkhon, et al. "The Influence of Nonthermal Plasma Technology on Oxidation Characteristics of Soot Operated on Direct Injection Internal Combustion Engines." Energies 15, no. 23 (2022): 9009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239009.

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The combination of porous material with nonthermal plasma (NTP) technology to reduce the amount of particulate matter emitted from a direct-injection compression-ignition engine was investigated in this study. The investigation aimed at regulating particulate matter under long-term operation. A porous materials filter thickness of 4 mm was installed in the NTP reactor. The common rail diesel engine was fueled with 7%-vol biodiesel fuel (B7), and the experiment was carried out at steady-state conditions at 2000 rpm and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) of 6 bar. The effects of NTP high-v

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Balerna, Camillo, Marc-Philippe Neumann, Nicolò Robuschi, et al. "Time-Optimal Low-Level Control and Gearshift Strategies for the Formula 1 Hybrid Electric Powertrain." Energies 14, no. 1 (2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010171.

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Today, Formula 1 race cars are equipped with complex hybrid electric powertrains that display significant cross-couplings between the internal combustion engine and the electrical energy recovery system. Given that a large number of these phenomena are strongly engine-speed dependent, not only the energy management but also the gearshift strategy significantly influence the achievable lap time for a given fuel and battery budget. Therefore, in this paper we propose a detailed low-level mathematical model of the Formula 1 powertrain suited for numerical optimization, and solve the time-optimal

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Stangle, Gregory C., and Yoshinari Miyamoto. "FGM Fabrication by Combustion Synthesis." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 1 (1995): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400048971.

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FGMs have been fabricated using the combustion synthesis (or self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)) process by exploiting a rapid and exothermic chemical reaction, in order to synthesize some (or all) of the constituents in an FGM to simultaneously increase its density. The thermal energy required to drive the process is derived from this internal, chemical source, rather than from an external and usually expensive source (e.g., a furnace). The combustion synthesis process is a powder-based process that has been used to synthesize over 300 compounds, and is particularly useful in p

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Akram, Muhammad Nadeem, and Walid Abdul-Kader. "Sustainable Development Goals and End-of-Life Electric Vehicle Battery: Literature Review." Batteries 9, no. 7 (2023): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070353.

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With a global urgency to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, there has been an increasing demand for electric vehicles on the roads to replace vehicles that use internal combustion. Subsequently, the demand and consumption of raw materials have increased, and thus, there has been an increasing number of retired lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that contain valuable elements. This literature review paper looks at the following: lifecycle assessments (LCA) of EV batteries, the recycling of LIBs while analyzing what studies have been conducted to improve recycling processes, what recycling facilities

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Graba, Mariusz, Jarosław Mamala, and Andrzej Bieniek. "Self-Learning Control Algorithms Used to Manage the Operating of an Internal Combustion Engine." Journal of KONES 26, no. 4 (2019): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0092.

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AbstractThe article presents the possibility of using self-learning control algorithms to manage subassemblies of an internal combustion engine in order to reduce exhaust emissions to the natural environment. In compression ignition (CI) engines, the issue of emissions mainly concerns two components: particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The work focuses mainly on the possibility of reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides. It is assumed that the particularly problematic points when it comes to excessive emission of harmful substances are the dynamic states in which combustion eng

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Jacek Caban, Grzegorz Litak, Bartłomiej Ambrożkiewicz, Leszek Gardyński, Paweł Stączek, and Piotr Wolszczak. "Possibilities of Energy Harvesting from the Suspension System of the Internal Combustion Engine in a Vehicle." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 23, no. 2 (2021): B106—B116. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2021.2.b106-b116.

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The automotive industry faces huge challenge in environmental protection by reducing fossil fuels and energy consumption by developing various practical solutions in energy harvesting. The current analysis is related to the diesel engine power supply system in a passenger off-road vehicle for application of the piezoelectric energy harvesting system. Experimental tests were carried out for the three constant rotational speed values - 800, 1000 and 1500 rpm. The results pertained to operational and simulation tests of available power supply options from the engine suspension system in the vehic

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Hashchuk, P., and S. Nikipchuk. "HARD-SOFT TECHNOLOGY OF INFORMATION SUSPENSION PROCESS OF MODELING OF HEAT GENERATION/HEAT CONSUMPTION IN THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety, no. 18 (December 31, 2018): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.18.2018.01.

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Deterministic and, in a certain sense, "linear" interpretation of the world often leads to the recognition of the fact that the more accurate model we need, the more complex it must be (as in case of a formalized reproduction of the real system, or the implementation of the desired system properties in the process of formal synthesis of something new). Instead, following the principle of synergy leads to the conviction that there is always a certain model of optimal complexity e.g. in the synthesis of the new system, and in the analysis of real system peculiarities. However, the model of reali

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Che Sidik, Nor Azwadi, and Kianpour Ehsan. "Computational Investigation of Film Cooling from Cylindrical and Row Trenched Cooling Holes near the Combustor End Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.225.

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This study was accomplished in order to investigate the effects of cylindrical and row trenched cooling holes with alignment angle of 0 degree and 90 degree at blowing ratio, BR = 3.18 on the film cooling performance adjacent to the endwall surface of a combustor simulator. In this research a three dimensional representation of Pratt and Whitney gas turbine engine was simulated and analyzed with a commercial finite volume package FLUENT 6.2. The current study has been performed with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence model (RANS) on internal cooling passages. This combustor simulator c

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AIB, Ekejiuba. "Universal “Plug and Play” Real-Time Entire Automotive Exhaust Effluents, Industry Vents and Flue Gas Emissions Liquefiers: The Game Changer Approach-Phase Two Category." Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 7, no. 2 (2023): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000349.

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The first in the series of Azuberths Game Changer publications “Synergy of the Conventional Crude Oil and the FT-GTL Processes for Sustainable Synfuels Production: The Game Changer Approach-Phase One Category” a.k.a. (DOI: 10.23880/ppej16000330) is targeted at reducing 80 per cent CO2 emissions from the internal combustion engines by upgrading from the conventional crude oil refinery products to the synthetic fuels products (ultra-low-carbon fuels). This paper will focus on the complete elimination of the remaining 20 per cent CO2 emissions (i.e. to achieve zero- CO2 emissions) in transportati

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Ronceros, Julio, Carlos Raymundo, Eduardo Ayala, et al. "Study of Internal Flow in Open-End and Closed Pressure-Swirl Atomizers with Variation of Geometrical Parameters." Aerospace 10, no. 11 (2023): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10110930.

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This study delves into the examination of internal flow characteristics within closed (with nozzles) and open-end pressure-swirl atomizers (lacking nozzles). The number of inlet channels “n” and the opening parameter “C” were manipulated in this study, as they play a pivotal role in understanding various atomizer attributes, such as uniformity of the air-core diameter, the discharge coefficient, spray angle, and more, all of which hold significance in the design of bipropellant atomizers for liquid rocket engines (LREs). To validate our findings, six distinct hexahedral meshes were generated u

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Mattarelli, Enrico, Stefano Caprioli, Tommaso Savioli, Antonello Volza, Claudiu Marcu Di Gaetano Iftene, and Carlo Alberto Rinaldini. "Virtual Development of a Single-Cylinder Hydrogen Opposed Piston Engine." Energies 17, no. 21 (2024): 5262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17215262.

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A significant challenge in utilizing hydrogen in conventional internal combustion engines is achieving a balance between NOx emissions and brake power output. A lean premixed charge (Lambda ≈ 2.5) allows for efficient and stable combustion with minimal NOx emissions. However, this comes at the cost of reduced power density due to the higher air requirements of the thermodynamic process. While supercharging can mitigate this drawback, it introduces increased complexity, cost, and size. An intriguing alternative is the 2-stroke cycle, particularly in an opposed piston (OP) configuration. This st

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Nikonorov, Sergey, and Elizaveta Ryabova. "Economic and Legal Mechanisms of Economic Decarbonization in Russia: Strategic Guidelines." Strategizing: Theory and Practice 3, no. 1 (2023): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2782-2435-2023-3-1-21-33.

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This paper describes the economic and legal mechanisms of decarbonization in Russia, e.g., stimulating the transition to renewable energy, the state strategy on hydrogen, green transport, etc. In Russia, decarbonization will increase in relevance following the target scenario of climate regulation. Carbon taxes are being introduced to link manufactured products to carbon footprint. Car companies plan the number of internal combustion engines to be produced based on their carbon footprint allowances. When approaching a critical point, they have to produce electric cars or hybrid engines to incr

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AIB, Ekejiuba. "Synergy of the Conventional Crude Oil and the FT-GTL Processes for Sustainable Synfuels Production: The Game Changer Approach-Phase One Category." Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 7, no. 1 (2023): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000330.

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Petroleum was used in its raw state for various purposes in different parts of the world before the discovery of the overwhelming uses of the refined products following the first distillation of lamp oil/ illuminating fuel (kerosene age, 1859-1900) and the development of the internal combustion engines using gasoline or diesel (for vehicles, trucks and ships), the rise in commercial aviation (airplanes and rockets) and other devices, near the beginning of the twentieth century. The burning/combustion of petroleum fuels release greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide (CO2), which creates enviro

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Yao, Qinghe, Hongbo Lu, Junyi Chen, and Trevor Hocksun Kwan. "Numerical Investigation of the Combustion Characteristics of a Hydrogen-Fueled Engine with Water Injection." Fire 7, no. 8 (2024): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7080289.

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The quest for clean, efficient engine technologies is imperative in reducing transportation’s environmental impact. Hydrogen, as a zero-emission fuel, offers significant potential for internal combustion engines but faces challenges such as optimizing engine performance and longevity. Water injection is proposed as a solution, yet its effects on engine performance require thorough investigation. This study bridges the knowledge gap by examining various water injection ratios (WIRs) and their impact on engine performance, focusing on the balance between power output and engine longevity. We ide

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Bäuerle, B., F. Hoffmann, F. Behrendt, and J. Warnatz. "Detection of hot spots in the end gas of an internal combustion engine using two-dimensional lif of formaldehyde." Symposium (International) on Combustion 25, no. 1 (1994): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(06)80637-5.

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Renso, Fabio, Matteo Giacopini, Enrico Bertocchi, and Daniele Dini. "Numerical modelling of the cavitation damage in the conrod big end bearing of a high-performance internal combustion engine." Procedia Structural Integrity 52 (2024): 506–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2023.12.050.

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Ramineni, Punyavathi, and Alagappan Pandian. "Study and Investigation of Energy Management Techniques Used in Electric/Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 4 (2021): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540409.

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Many pollution-related issues are raising due to the usage of conventional internal combustion engines (ICEs) vehicles. Electric Vehicles/ Hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/HEVs) are the finest solutions to overcome those problems associated with ICE-based vehicles. The EVs are introduced with a signal energy source (SES), which is not a successful attempt, especially during transient vehicles, driving, etc. Multiple energy sources (MES) EVs are introduced to attain better performance than the SES vehicles, which is obtained by combining two sources like battery/fuel cells, ultracapacitor. In this

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Rattazzi, Diego, Massimo Rivarolo, and Aristide F. Massardo. "An innovative tool for the evaluation and comparison of different fuels and technologies onboard ships." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123808001.

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The paper focuses on the analysis of innovative energy systems onboard ships with the aim to evaluate, in a preliminary stage, which can be the most promising solution depending on the considered application. For this purpose, the dedicated tool HELM developed by the authors’ research group is employed. The tool uses maps reporting the main indicators (weight, volume, costs and emissions) for each component in relation to the installed power and the operational hours required (given by the user as an input), then it compares the results providing the best solution depending on the considered a

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Tran, Dinh Minh, Nhat Linh Hoang, Van Bien Nguyen, and Duy Quy Nguyen-Phuoc. "Understanding the adoption of electric motorcycles among road users in Vietnam." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1289, no. 1 (2023): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1289/1/012053.

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Abstract Motorcycles with internal combustion engines using fossil fuels account for the majority of traffic flow in major Asian cities. The increase in the number of conventional motorcycles using a gas engine is one of the main causes leading to air and noise pollution in comparison with other lower-emitting transport modes (e.g., walking, cycling, and public transport). Thus, many Asian countries have promoted the adoption of electric motorcycles to significantly reduce air pollution and non-renewable energy consumption as a solution for motorcycles using internal combustion engines. Howeve

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Che Sidik, Nor Azwadi, and Shahin Salimi. "The Use of Compound Cooling Holes for Film Cooling at the End Wall of Combustor Simulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.371.

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Gas turbine cooling can be classified into two different schemes; internal and external cooling. In internal cooling method, the coolant provided by compressor is forced into the cooling flow circuits inside turbine components. Meanwhile, for the external cooling method, the injected coolant is directly perfused from coolant manifold to save downstream components against hot gases. Furthermore, in the latter coolant scheme, coolant is used to quell the heat transfer from hot gas stream to a component. There are several ways in external cooling. Film cooling is one of the best cooling systems f

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Sprouse, Charles E. "Review of Organic Rankine Cycles for Internal Combustion Engine Waste Heat Recovery: Latest Decade in Review." Sustainability 16, no. 5 (2024): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16051924.

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The last decade (2013–2023) was the most prolific period of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) research in history in terms of both publications and citations. This article provides a detailed review of the broad and voluminous collection of recent internal combustion engine (ICE) waste heat recovery (WHR) studies, serving as a necessary follow-on to the author’s 2013 review. Research efforts have targeted diverse applications (e.g., vehicular, stationary, and building-based), and it spans the full gamut of engine sizes and fuels. Furthermore, cycle configurations extend far beyond basic ORC and rege

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Gainey, Brian, Ziming Yan, John Gandolfo, and Benjamin Lawler. "High Load Compression Ignition of Wet Ethanol Using a Triple Injection Strategy." Energies 15, no. 10 (2022): 3507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103507.

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Wet ethanol is a biofuel that can be rapidly integrated into the existing transportation sector infrastructure and have an immediate impact on decarbonization. Compared to conventional hydrocarbon fuels, wet ethanol has unique fuel properties (e.g., short carbon chain, oxygenated, high heat of vaporization, no cool-flame reactivity), which can actually improve the efficiency and engine-out emissions of internal combustion engines while decarbonizing. In this work, wet ethanol 80 (80% ethanol, 20% water by mass) was experimentally studied at high loads under boosted conditions in compression ig

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Che Sidik, Nor Azwadi, and Kianpour Ehsan. "Film-Cooling Techniques at the End of Combustor and Inlet of Turbine in a Gas Turbine Engine: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.236.

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This study was carried out to extend database knowledge about the film cooling holes function at the end of combustor and inlet of turbine. Using the well-known Brayton cycle, rising the turbine inlet temperature, is the key to get higher engine efficiency in gas turbine engines. But the high temperature of the combustor exit flow causes non-uniformities. These non-uniformities lead to a reduction in the expected life of critical components. Therefore a cooling technique should be designed to protect these parts. There are two separate ways for Gas turbine cooling: internal cooling and externa

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