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Journal articles on the topic 'Internal combustion engine industry'
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1
Yin, Ruoyu. "Current situation and looking-forward advancement of internal combustion engine." Applied and Computational Engineering 26, no. 1 (2023): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/26/20230835.
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With a history of over 100 years, the internal combustion engine has undergone continuous technological advancements, making it widely utilized in various sectors such as industry, agriculture, and transportation. This is due to its high thermal efficiency and broad power range. However, the rapid growth of the global economy has led to a significant increase in the number of internal combustion engines, resulting in heightened energy consumption and environmental pollution concerns. Consequently, new technical requirements have been imposed on internal combustion engines. One key focus for researchers in this field has been improving the fuel economy of internal combustion engines. Through relentless efforts, remarkable progress has been made in producing economy cars with fuel consumption as low as 3 liters per 100 Km. Additionally, the growing demand for environmental protection has sparked increased attention toward reducing harmful emissions from internal combustion engines, which has become a topic of shared concern. In this article, the researcher will delve into the developmental journey of traditional internal combustion engines and explore the advantages and disadvantages of each engine type.
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Minh, Thang Nguyen, Hieu Pham Minh, and Vinh Nguyen Duy. "A review of internal combustion engines powered by renewable energy based on ethanol fuel and HCCI technology." AIMS Energy 10, no. 5 (2022): 1005–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.20220046.
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<abstract> <p>In general, as compared to conventional combustion engines, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine offers better fuel efficiency, NOx, and particulate matter emissions. The HCCI engine, on the other hand, is not connected to the spark plugs or the fuel injection system. This implies that the auto-ignition time and following combustion phase of the HCCI engine are not controlled directly. The HCCI engine will be confined to a short working range due to the cold start, high-pressure rate, combustion noise, and even knocking combustion. Biofuel innovation, such as ethanol-powered HCCI engines, has a lot of promise in today's car industry. As a result, efforts must be made to improve the distinctive characteristics of the engine by turning the engine settings to different ethanol mixtures. This study examines the aspects of ethanol-fueled HCCI engines utilizing homogenous charge preparation procedures. In addition, comparing HCCI engines to other advanced combustion engines revealed their increased importance and prospective consequences. Furthermore, the challenges of transitioning from conventional to HCCI engines are examined, along with potential answers for future upgrade approaches and control tactics.</p> </abstract>
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Minh, Thang Nguyen, Hieu Pham Minh, and Vinh Nguyen Duy. "A review of internal combustion engines powered by renewable energy based on ethanol fuel and HCCI technology." AIMS Energy 10, no. 5 (2022): 1005–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022046.
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<abstract> <p>In general, as compared to conventional combustion engines, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine offers better fuel efficiency, NOx, and particulate matter emissions. The HCCI engine, on the other hand, is not connected to the spark plugs or the fuel injection system. This implies that the auto-ignition time and following combustion phase of the HCCI engine are not controlled directly. The HCCI engine will be confined to a short working range due to the cold start, high-pressure rate, combustion noise, and even knocking combustion. Biofuel innovation, such as ethanol-powered HCCI engines, has a lot of promise in today's car industry. As a result, efforts must be made to improve the distinctive characteristics of the engine by turning the engine settings to different ethanol mixtures. This study examines the aspects of ethanol-fueled HCCI engines utilizing homogenous charge preparation procedures. In addition, comparing HCCI engines to other advanced combustion engines revealed their increased importance and prospective consequences. Furthermore, the challenges of transitioning from conventional to HCCI engines are examined, along with potential answers for future upgrade approaches and control tactics.</p> </abstract>
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Yip, Ho Lung, Aleš Srna, Anthony Chun Yin Yuen, et al. "A Review of Hydrogen Direct Injection for Internal Combustion Engines: Towards Carbon-Free Combustion." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (2019): 4842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224842.
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A paradigm shift towards the utilization of carbon-neutral and low emission fuels is necessary in the internal combustion engine industry to fulfil the carbon emission goals and future legislation requirements in many countries. Hydrogen as an energy carrier and main fuel is a promising option due to its carbon-free content, wide flammability limits and fast flame speeds. For spark-ignited internal combustion engines, utilizing hydrogen direct injection has been proven to achieve high engine power output and efficiency with low emissions. This review provides an overview of the current development and understanding of hydrogen use in internal combustion engines that are usually spark ignited, under various engine operation modes and strategies. This paper then proceeds to outline the gaps in current knowledge, along with better potential strategies and technologies that could be adopted for hydrogen direct injection in the context of compression-ignition engine applications—topics that have not yet been extensively explored to date with hydrogen but have shown advantages with compressed natural gas.
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Liss, Michał, Valeriy Martynyuk, and Ronald Martinod. "Dynamic analysis of an internal combustion engine made in downsizing technology." MATEC Web of Conferences 391 (2024): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439101009.
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Decisions made today in the automotive industry clearly indicate the inevitable end of the last resort for combustion engines, which were small-capacity engines made in line with the idea of downsizing. Certainly, one of the characteristic features of these engines will be maintaining the same power and torque with fewer cylinders, the best proof of which is the Twin Air technology engine proposed by Fiat. The consequence of this action was incomparably greater vibrations compared to classic, four-cylinder combustion engines. This article presents an analysis of various dynamic states of a small-capacity engine made using downsizing technology.
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Adil, H., S. Gerguri, and J. Durodola. "Evolution of Materials for Internal Combustion Engines Pistons." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 8 (2023): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230827.
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Piston is one of the most important components in an internal combustion engine which transfers combustion energy to the crankshaft via a connecting rod. Increase in an engine’s efficiency has somehow necessitated improvement in the piston. This improvement can be achieved by better piston design or using material with superior mechanical properties. Engineers have experimented with different materials for pistons since the introduction of internal combustion engines. This paper reviews the evolution of materials for pistons since the beginning of automotive industry to present day and analyses the properties that attracted engineers to use these materials. The paper also focuses on newly developed materials that have the potentials to replace current piston materials and the work that is taking place. The current trend of changing from diesel to petrol in small internal combustion engines and the affect this will have on piston materials has been analysed. Keywords: Aluminium, Combustion Engine, Nanostructured, Piston Material, Piston.
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Mao, Xinrong. "Advanced hydrogen engine for modern transportation industry." Applied and Computational Engineering 11, no. 1 (2023): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/11/20230225.
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Numerous environmental issues, such as climate change brought on by the greenhouse effect, result from the expanding air transportation sector. The internal combustion engine industry faces enormous difficulties due to the dual pressures of energy conservation and environmental protection, making finding new clean energy sources essential. To combat global warming, there is growing interest in achieving carbon-neutral flight. As the globe looks for new solutions to combat climate change and global warming, renewable energy and hydrogen have emerged as the environmental sectors' saviors. One of the key energy vectors for the twenty-first century is hydrogen. Particularly in the transportation industry, hydrogen as an energy carrier has the potential for sustainable development. Compared to other internal combustion engines, a hydrogen-fueled engine has the potential to produce significantly cleaner emissions. Based on the prediction of its future development direction, this paper focuses on the latest advances and challenges of the hydrogen engine, analyzes and summarizes the current research status of the hydrogen engine, and looks forward to its future development.
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Xuan Thanh, Dinh, Le Dinh Truong, and Vinh Nguyen Duy. "A REVIEW OF EGR APPLICATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY." Journal of Innovations in Business and Industry 2, no. 2 (2024): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.61552/jibi.2024.02.007.
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Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has been widely adopted as an effective strategy to reduce harmful emissions and improve fuel efficiency in internal combustion engines. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the utilization of EGR in various types of internal combustion engines. The review covers the principles of EGR operation, its effects on engine performance, emission reduction capabilities, challenges, and prospects. By evaluating the existing literature and research findings, this paper seeks to offer insights into the potential of EGR as a crucial technology for sustainable and environmentally friendly auto-motive propulsion systems.
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FRIEDL, Hubert, Günter Fraidl, and Paul Kapus. "Highest efficiency and ultra low emission – internal combustion engine 4.0." Combustion Engines 180, no. 1 (2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-102.
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In the future, the simultaneous reduction of pollutant and CO2 emissions will require significantly enhanced powertrain functionalities that cannot only be adequately represented by the ICE (internal combustion engine) alone. Both automated transmissions and especially powertrain electrification can help to meet efficiently those extended requirements. The extended functionalities are no longer applied exclusively with the ICE itself ("Fully Flexible Internal Combustion Engine"), but distributed across the entire powertrain ("Fully Flexible Powertrain"). In addition, the powertrain will be fully networked with the vehicle environment and thus will utilize all data that are useful for emission and consumption-optimized operation of the ICE. Combustion engine and electrification often complement each other in a synergetic way. This makes it extremely sensible for the combustion engine to evolve in future from a "single fighter" to a "team player". If one compares the requirements of such an ICE with the definition of Industry 4.0, then there are extensive correspondences. Thus, it seems quite opportune to call such a fully networked combustion engine designed to meet future needs as “Internal Combustion Engine 4.0 (ICE 4.0)”. This even more so, as such a name can also be derived from the history: e.g. ICE 1.0 describes the combustion engines of the first mass-produced vehicles, ICE 2.0 the combustion engines emission-optimized since the 1960s and ICE 3.0 the highly optimized "Fully Flexible Combustion Engine", which currently offers a high torque and performance potential combined with low fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In addition to further improvements in fuel consumption, the "Combustion Engine 4.0" offers such a low level of pollutant emissions that can best be described as "Zero Impact Emission". This means that such future ICE´s will no longer have a negative impact on the imission situation in urban areas. With the e-fuels topic, the ICE also has the potential to become both CO2- and pollutant-neutral in the medium and long term. This means that the ICE – also in passenger cars – will continue to be an essential and necessary cornerstone for future powertrain portfolios for the next decades.
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Accardo, Antonella, Trentalessandro Costantino, Gianfranco Malagrinò, Michele Pensato, and Ezio Spessa. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions of a Hydrogen Engine for Automotive Application through Life-Cycle Assessment." Energies 17, no. 11 (2024): 2571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17112571.
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Hydrogen combustion engine vehicles have the potential to rapidly enter the market and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) compared to conventional engines. The ability to provide a rapid market deployment is linked to the fact that the industry would take advantage of the existing internal combustion engine production chain. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it aims to develop a methodology for applying life-cycle assessment (LCA) to internal combustion engines to estimate their life-cycle GHG emissions. Also, it aims to investigate the decarbonization potential of hydrogen engines produced by exploiting existing diesel engine technology and assuming diverse hydrogen production routes. The boundary of the LCA is cradle-to-grave, and the assessment is entirely based on primary data. The products under study are two monofuel engines: a hydrogen engine and a diesel engine. The hydrogen engine has been redesigned using the diesel engine as a base. The engines being studied are versatile and can be used for a wide range of uses such as automotive, cogeneration, maritime, off-road, and railway; however, this study focuses on their application in pickup trucks. As part of the redesign process, certain subsystems (e.g., combustion, injection, ignition, exhaust gas recirculation, and exhaust gas aftertreatment) have been modified to make the engine run on hydrogen. Results revealed that employing a hydrogen engine using green hydrogen (i.e., generated from water electrolysis using wind-based electricity) might reduce GHG emission by over 90% compared to the diesel engine This study showed that the benefits of the new hydrogen engine solution outweigh the increase of emissions related to the redesign process, making it a potentially beneficial solution also for reconditioning current and used internal combustion engines.
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Hu, Bile, Leyang Pan, Ruishen Yang, and Chenrui Zhou. "Comparative Study on the Performance of Traditional Engines and Various Substitutes." Theoretical and Natural Science 5, no. 1 (2023): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/5/20230448.
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As the global climate starts to change due the exploitation of natural resources by human, internal combustion engines are no longer the favorite son of mankind. Instead, alternatives such as hybrid power systems and electric motors have drawn the attention of various car manufacturers and numerous scholars from worldwide. At the same time, the automobile industry has not given up internal combustion engines yet, and kept producing innovative engine designs aiming to minimize the negative impact of fossil-fuels on the environment. By researching, analyzing, and comparing data and information from various sources, this article will discuss the fundamentals and working basics of internal combustion engines, hybrid power systems and electric motors, the iconic innovations on internal combustion engines by several car manufacturers, and will compare traditional engines and its alternatives through various aspects. This essay will mainly focus on internal combustion engines and some of the more environmentally friendly alternatives available today, as well as a comparison between them and their advantages and disadvantages.
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Zhao, Fuquan, Kangda Chen, Han Hao, and Zongwei Liu. "Challenges, Potential and Opportunities for Internal Combustion Engines in China." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 4955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124955.
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With the increasing pressure on the automotive industry due to energy consumption, environmental pollution and climate change, internal combustion engines, which occupy a dominant position in traditional automotive powertrains, are facing considerable challenges from battery electric powertrains. This paper presents an in-depth analysis and objective interpretation of the challenges, potential and opportunities for internal combustion engines in this point. Specifically, the global automotive industry is approaching the “Power 2.0 era”, and multiple powertrains will coexist for a long time. The relationships between the various powertrains are complementary rather than simply competitive in China. Only by optimizing the product and technology combination can the best solution be obtained to meet the increasingly stringent regulations and the escalating needs for mobility. At the same time, internal combustion engines will continue to play an important role in the development of the automotive industry, and they have the potential for further improvement in plenty of areas, such as thermal efficiency, emissions and electrification. Internal combustion engines will undergo an important evolution toward high efficiency through fixed-point operation, system simplification and cost reduction. In addition, the electrification of powertrains, the upgrading and diversification of fuel designs, and the development of intelligent and connected technologies will bring unprecedented opportunities for making the internal combustion engine more efficient, green and clean to better serve society in the near future.
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Wu, Taoyang, Jixu Liu, Chunling Wu, et al. "Experimental study on the factors influencing performance and emissions of hydrogen internal combustion engines." E3S Web of Conferences 522 (2024): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452201009.
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Hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICEs) have advantages such as clean combustion and zero carbon emissions, and have become one of the important technical routes for decarbonization in the internal combustion engine industry. In this paper, several key factors affecting the performance and emissions of hydrogen internal combustion engines, such as ignition timing, excess air coefficient, and hydrogen injection timing, were systematically studied on a spark ignition multi-point injection (MPI) hydrogen internal combustion engine bench. The experimental results indicate that the ignition timing controls the combustion phase of hydrogen. Moderate early ignition can improve the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) while having little impact on the NOX emissions. Excess air coefficient(λ) can significantly affect the performance and emissions of H2-ICE. Along with the increase of the λ, the NOX emissions first increases and then continues to decline. When the λ reaching 2.1 or above, near zero emissions of NOX can be achieved. The advance of hydrogen injection timing will slightly increase the peak of cylinder pressure and instantaneous heat release rate. However, overall, the impact of hydrogen injection timing on BTE and NOX emissions is not significant on MPI H2-ICE.
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Markina, A. A., and L. A. Pochuev. "Elaboration of the concept of a car with a hybrid power plant." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 3 (2022): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2022-3-33-42.
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Residents of large cities suffer greatly from air pollutants, a significant proportion of which is accounted for the road transport. In order to solve this issue, car manufacturers are upgrading internal combustion engines, designing alternative engine units. This article analyzes various modern engine units, highlights their strengths and weaknesses. Statistical data demonstrating the growth of production and sales of electric and hybrid vehicles in Russia and abroad are presented. Cars equipped with traditional internal combustion engines (ICE) have unique advantages and today make more than 99 % of the global fleet. Based on the analysis, a scheme of a hybrid power plant (HPP) was formed, combining the components of engine units of electric vehicles and internal combustion engines. The main elements of installation and their layout in the car are described. A schematic diagram of transmission is presented, its components are listed and their operation is described. The HPP scheme was developed within the framework of the concept of a motor vehicle corresponding to the trends of modern automotive industry. At the same time, such cars provide the opportunity of sport driving experience, have good dynamic performance.
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Zhou, Zijun. "Frontier development and prospect trend of HCCI engine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2649, no. 1 (2023): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2649/1/012043.
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Abstract Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology, the level of science and technology is constantly improving. All fields are developing rapidly. In recent years, the development of the automotive engine industry has been particularly rapid. To cope with increasingly strict environmental requirements and the impact of electric motors on the market, a new engine model is gradually being valued. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) internal combustion engine is a new type of engine. It has the technical advantages of traditional diesel and gasoline engines. This combustion mode greatly improves the emission of pollutants and the engine’s overall efficiency. However, there are still certain challenges to this technology at present. But with the continuous improvement and optimization of related technologies. HCCI engines are bound to have broad development prospects. This article elaborates on the current status and development trends of HCCI engines from four perspectives: basic principles, combustion characteristics, emission characteristics, and the latest developments.
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Bilohub, O. V. "PROFILING OF THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE PISTON." Internal Combustion Engines, no. 2 (September 15, 2023): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2023.2.03.
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The piston is one of the main resource-intensive and knowledge-intensive parts of the internal combustion engine. Its design significantly affects almost all indicators of the perfection of the power plant with internal combustion engines as a whole. A correctly designed profile is the main parameter that allows the engine to blow safely during the first starts. The development, production and use of pistons in the primary and secondary markets is impossible without appropriate scientific research that will increase the design and technological capabilities of all interested parties. Pistons for gasoline internal combustion engines of passenger cars will continue to dominate the markets, which is connected with the greening of transport as a whole. This emphasizes the importance of research on the improvement of positive-ignition internal combustion engine pistons. Rational profiling of the outer surface is an important task for improving the design of the piston. The diagram of the design creation technology, which was adopted by JSC "AVTRAMAT" (Kharkiv Plant "Porshen") as the standard of the enterprise, according to which pistons were created, which were then supplied to factories of the engine-building industry and for spare parts, is given. The profiles of the side surfaces of the pistons of automobile internal combustion engines, which were designed and implemented in production, were analyzed. The analysis was carried out for pistons with a diameter of 72 to 100 mm and a height of 45 to 73 mm. It is shown that the given profiles of the side surfaces in these pistons are geometrically similar both along and perpendicular to its axis. It is shown that the geometric shape of the profile can be described by polynomials of the 3rd and 4th degree, which allows for easy further use. This can be used when designing the profiles of future structures. Formulas and an algorithm are given, according to which it is possible to calculate the external profile of pistons of automobile reciprocating internal combustion engines according to 2 parameters - diameter and height.
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Sevryugina, N. S., and A. S. Apatenko. "Research of influence of thermal loadings on reliability of gas-diesel engines of transport and technological machines." Power and Autonomous equipment 2, no. 3 (2019): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32464/2618-8716-2019-2-3-121-128.
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Introduction: the factors determining the development trends of the machine-building industry on the example of modernization of the internal combustion engine are considered. The evaluation of the effectiveness of cooperation between manufacturers and the scientific potential of leading scientists in the development of designs of gas-diesel engines. The requirement of time of increase of ecology of internal combustion engines is proved, the reasons braking mass introduction of gas-diesel engines for transport and technological cars are revealed. The parameter of influence on the thermal load of the piston group in gaseous fuel is allocated. The estimation of constructive perfection of development of system of cooling of the piston of the engine is given. The effects of increased temperature on individual parts of the piston in the form of scrapes, chips, causing failure of the internal combustion engine as a whole are shown. The influence of engine oil quality on the engine operation is revealed. It is proposed to Supplement the design of the internal combustion engine with an oil level control device, developed an algorite and a software product for calculating the residual life of the engine oil on key parameters, with the establishment of the term of their replacement.Methods: the study is based on the analysis of the works of leading domestic and foreign scientists in the field of improving the design of power equipment. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the system approach, methods of mathematical analysis, reliability theory, analytical and statistical processing of results.Results and discussion: the theoretical justification for the increased thermal load of piston in a gas-diesel engine, justifies the addition of the construction device control engine oil level and consideration of the resource and replacement intervals for the parameters of the actual physical and chemical condition, using the database presented in the software product.Conclusion: operation of gas-diesel engines requires from the operator more strict control over the temperature regime of the engine, the condition of the engine oil and the efficiency of the engine oil, the proposed solutions will allow to assess the quality of the engine oil in real time and to carry out its replacement according to the actual condition, which will ensure.
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Dima, Alexandru Mihai, Dragos Tutunea, and Marin Bica. "Different Approaches for Determination of Internal Combustion Engines Performances." Applied Mechanics and Materials 822 (January 2016): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.822.169.
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The automotive industry represents one of the most important segments of the world economy that has to be in a continue development. The latest procedures for determination of an internal combustion engine performance have a big acquisition cost and demand special conditions even if the tested engine has smaller dimensions. The present paper presents other accessible solutions for this matter.
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Bykova, Т. А. "Production of high-load diesel engines." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2011-07.
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Analysis of the development of modern engine building has shown that internal combustion engines have a leading position. It is fair to say that there are attempts to change this trend - for example, the serial electric car Tesla. But the oil industry is now a key sector of the global economy, and the dominance of internal combustion engines may remain the main one for many decades. The article analyses steel and aluminum pistons manufactured with application of technologies adapted to customer requirements. These technologies allow creation of heavy duty engines with maximum reliability and optimal combination of characteristics, reduction of emissions of harmful substances and reduction of fuel consumption.
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Mahnaz Zameni, Mahdi Ahmadi, and Arash Talebi. "Creating a neural network-based model to predict the exhaust gas temperature of the internal combustion engine." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (2024): 079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.19.1.0147.
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The regulation and improvement of the performance of internal combustion engines is a continual primary focus of research and development activities conducted within the automobile industry and other relevant sectors. To succeed in reaching this objective, it is necessary to have an accurate and complete model of these engines. However, due to internal combustion engines' complex and nonlinear nature, accurately replicating their behavior may be challenging and time-consuming. Neural networks are a potentially useful strategy for simulating these engines successfully since they offer a solution that strikes a healthy balance between speed and precision. This research investigates the process of building a model of an internal combustion engine by using not one but two separate kinds of neural networks: multilayer perceptrons and radial basis functions. These neural networks aim to simulate and make predictions about the temperature of the engine's exhaust gas. They are especially useful for modeling nonlinear systems because of their incredible convergence speed and excellent accuracy levels.
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Zheng, Fangyuan, Haeng Muk Cho, and Changchun Xu. "Effect of Biodiesel Blended Fuel on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engines – A Review." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 27, no. 1 (2022): 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2022-0014.
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Abstract The internal combustion engine plays a vital role in transportation, industry, and shipping. However, diesel as one of the main fuels for internal combustion engines, caused many environmental and human health problems. In order to solve the problems, more researchers have been committed to the research of alternative fuels. Biodiesel is a renewable, sustainable alternative fuel, and its characteristics are similar to traditional diesel. It can be mixed with pure diesel. It has been found that a mix with pure diesel in a certain ratio can effectively reduce the negative effects caused by its characteristics, improve the combustion performance, and reduce the NOx and PM emissions. This article mainly reviews the effects of the mixture of biodiesel and diesel on engine combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions, including three parts: part (1) summarizes and analyzes the biodiesel’s production and characteristics, part (2) analyzes the engine’s performance under different working conditions, and part (3) studies and analyzes the exhaust emission under different working conditions.
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Rovai, F. F., and C. E. Mady. "EXERGETIC ANALYSIS OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE RUNNING ON E22 AND E100." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 21, no. 2 (2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v21i2.87921.
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The internal combustion engine performance enhancement is a widely explored subject. Additionally, to pollutant emissions attention, reducing fuel consumption and consequently the greenhouse gas emissions is one of the leading research and development drivers for the future of the engines industry. As the technologies to increase global engine efficiency are becoming less promising (already reaching improvement limits), the next round would be developing technologies capable of recovering the energy rejected to the environment, especially by cooling and exhaust systems. The internal combustion engine efficiency is mainly assessed by its global efficiency, which consists of an energy balance. The exergy analysis enhances the classic energy analysis from the concept of maximum possible work, including the rejected energy, consisting of a handy tool for the feasibility study of energy recovery systems. This article presents and contrasts the energy and the exergy analyses of a flex-fuel internal combustion engine running on its top global efficiency condition. The boundary fuels are hydrous ethanol (E100) and gasoline blend (E22), available fuels in Brazil. The hydrous ethanol fuel properties (octane number, air-fuel ratio, and vaporization enthalpy) theoretically result in higher energetic engine efficiency than E22 in the same engine hardware, with a fixed compression ratio. Preliminary results of this study point 4,5% higher global engine efficiency running on E100 compared to E22. The higher engine energy efficiency running on E100 than E22 does not happen in the Second Law analysis. The classic exergetic efficiency, based on engine brake power, is similar for E22 and E100. The maximum exergetic efficiency, based on destroyed exergy, is 4,1% higher for E22 compared to E100. The estimation and comparison of the exergy rejected to the cooling and the exhaust systems according to the boundary fuel (about 21 kW on average in this case), is fundamental to assess the potential and the availability of any recovery system eventually implemented in the internal combustion engine.
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CHŁOPEK, Zdzisław, Jacek BIEDRZYCKI, Jakub LASOCKI, and Piotr WÓJCIK. "Comparative examination of pollutant emission from an automotive internal combustion engine with the use of vehicle driving tests." Combustion Engines 164, no. 1 (2016): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116490.
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The pollutant emission from automotive internal combustion (IC) engines is highly susceptible to engine operation states determined by vehicle velocity processes. The article presents results of comparative examinations of specific distance pollutant emission characteristics determined from various vehicle driving tests. The specific distance pollutant emission was determined using vehicle type-approval and special tests as well as tests developed at the Automotive Industry Institute (PIMOT), treated as realizations of the stochastic process of vehicle velocity. The research results confirmed high susceptibility of the IC engine pollutant emission to the engine operation states, which endorses the usefulness of treating the conditions of operation of automotive engines as stochastic processes.
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GRUSZKA, Józef, and Andrzej SUCHECKI. "New methods of internal combustion engine cylinder surface forming." Combustion Engines 130, no. 3 (2007): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117322.
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This article comprises a description of methods of internal combustion engine cylinder machining including a description of traditional machining method and a description of some new machining methods – being in use in the motor industry. Special attention has been given to a laser beam treatment method. Results of cylinder surface structure examination after laser-beam treatment with an electron microscopy method and with the use of a scanning microscope have been always presented.
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Turabimana, Pacifique, Jung Woo Sohn, and Seung-Bok Choi. "A Novel Active Cooling System for Internal Combustion Engine Using Shape Memory Alloy Based Thermostat." Sensors 23, no. 8 (2023): 3972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23083972.
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Pollutants in exhaust gases and the high fuel consumption of internal combustion engines remain key issues in the automotive industry despite the emergence of electric vehicles. Engine overheating is a major cause of these problems. Traditionally, engine overheating was solved using electric pumps and cooling fans with electrically operated thermostats. This method can be applied using active cooling systems that are currently available on the market. However, the performance of this method is undermined by its delayed response time to activate the main valve of the thermostat and the dependence of the coolant flow direction control on the engine. This study proposes a novel active engine cooling system incorporating a shape memory alloy-based thermostat. After discussing the operating principles, the governing equations of motion were formulated and analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB. The results show that the proposed method improved the response time required to change the coolant flow direction and led to a coolant temperature difference of 4.90 °C at 90 °C cooling conditions. This result indicates that the proposed system can be applied to existing internal combustion engines to enhance their performance in terms of reduced pollution and fuel consumption.
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Risaliti, Edoardo, Giovanni Ferrara, Luca Romani, Francesco Del Pero, and Gabriele Arcidiacono. "Experimental investigation on the potential of passive prechambers for use in 2S engines." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1306, no. 1 (2024): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1306/1/012029.
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Abstract Design improvement of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) is required by the continuous update of European exhaust emission standards and vehicle registration protocols. This has pushed research and industry efforts towards the development of Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) systems. Among various LTC technologies, the so called “jet ignition” is claimed to be well-suited for light engines, since it provides a more uniform and rapid combustion while ensuring the mixture ignition process. In this context, the adoption of prechambers was found well-suited for two-stroke engines, for which low-pressure direct injection technologies have been developed in the last decade to reduce the fuel short circuit phenomenon. The present paper experimentally investigates the use of different passive combustion prechambers in a Low-Pressure Direct Injection (LPDI) 2-stroke engine, with the main purpose to understand the relationship between prechamber geometrical parameters and engine performance. A 50-cc single cylinder LPDI motorcycle engine is chosen as the test case and it is re-arranged to run in jet ignition mode. The experimental analysis focuses on the evaluation of benefits provided by jet ignition combustion compared to the baseline LPDI propulsion unit at different engine operating points. Design criteria for prechambers development and the tuning process of engine combustion parameters (such as start of injection, ignition time and throttle valve opening) are described in detail. The results of experimental activity are finally shown and critically discussed, highlighting advantages and disadvantages of this application in terms of engine performance, efficiency and cycle-to-cycle variation.
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Arteaga Linzan, Angel Rafael, Ángel Luis Brito Sauvanell, Manuel Ángel Cantos Macías, and Enrique Gilbert. "Selección del esquema de cogeneración para una industria de pescado enlatado. Caso Ecuador." Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721 1, no. 2 (2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v1i2.926.
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The determination of the parameter β=1.868 (the ratio of heat output (Q=4,771x109 kJ\mes) and electricity consumed (W=2,549x109 kJ\mes) by the industry) was per-formed selection of more suitable cogeneration scheme for its application in the conditions of a fish canning industry. Considering that the proposed cogeneration scheme would represent a savings in US dollars for the company as well as the fuel subsidy and various economic and environmental points of view, were calculated, the time of amortization for several cogeneration schemes with steam Turbines (TV= 20,89 years), with gas turbines (TG= 3,16 years) and with internal diesel combustion engines (MCID= 2,72 years) concluding that as the first alternatives to be considered are internal combustion engines and gas turbines. Whereas thermal energy of the internal diesel combustion engine is very disjointed, and fish canning industry need steam parameters from 0.8 to 1.3 bar absolute so the tons of CO2 not-emitted to the atmosphere by the use of this technology (TV= 2137, TG= 4490 y IDCE= 4987), it was concluded that the cogeneration scheme with gas turbine is the most viable technology ecological and economically for this type of industry. 
 Index Terms Cogeneration, rate heat and power, repayment period, β parameter, fuel savings.
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Matveev, Yury, Marina Cherkasova, Viktor Rassokhin, et al. "Microturbine power plant for utilization of the heat of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines." E3S Web of Conferences 221 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022101002.
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The article is devoted to the investigation and development of microsteam turbine unit of the LPI design for utilization of heat of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. This installation will reduce the world carbon dioxide emissions, as well as add useful power for the needs of the consumer. Efficiency and environmental friendliness of the engine will increase. The article discusses development of the main directions of improvement of high-loaded steps of LPI, expansion of modern outlooks on the directions of MRI development and the use of LPI steps in the systems of heat recovery of exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine. The possibility to utilize the heat of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines by means of a turbine unit and the subsequent receipt of additional useful capacities are investigated in many developed countries of the world. Germany, Sweden, Japan, PRC and other leading countries in the automotive industry are intensively conducting works in this direction. The results of such studies have already found application in some freight cars. In the Russian market, this type of turbine is spread very weakly. Turbine unit behind the internal combustion engine works in conditions of low volumetric consumption of the working fluid, which leads to a decrease in the heights of the flow parts of the guides and working grids, because of which the relative gaps in the seals increase. This leads to the growth of leakage of the working fluid. On the other hand, a high degree of pressure reduction when choosing single-stage turbines leads to supersonic
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Jamrozik, Arkadiusz, Wojciech Tutak, and Karol Grab-Rogaliński. "Effects of Propanol on the Performance and Emissions of a Dual-Fuel Industrial Diesel Engine." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115674.
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The search for alternative fuels that can limit the use of traditional fossil fuels to power internal combustion engines is one of the main tasks faced by both the modern automotive industry and the modern energy industry. This paper presents experimental tests of a compression ignition engine, in which the conventional fuel, i.e., diesel, was partially replaced with propyl alcohol, i.e., a renewable biofuel. Studies on the co-combustion of diesel fuel with propanol were carried out, in which the energy share of alcohol varied from 0 to 65%. The research showed that an increase in the proportion of propanol, up to 30%, resulted in a significant increase in the rate of heat release and the rate of pressure increase in the cylinder of a compression-ignition engine. Increasing the alcohol content to 65% resulted in an increase in the ignition delay time and significantly shortened the duration of combustion. During the combustion of diesel fuel with a 50% propanol share, the engine was characterized by maximum efficiency, higher than diesel fuel combustion by 5.5%. The addition of propanol caused a slight deterioration of the combustion stability determined by the coefficient of variation for IMEP. The study of engine exhaust emissions has shown that the combustion of diesel fuel with a small proportion of propanol, up to 30%, causes an increase in nitrogen oxide emissions, while up to 50% contributes to a decrease in HC emissions. The increased share of alcohol contributed to a significant decrease in the emissions of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and caused a significant reduction in the concentration of soot in the exhaust of the compression-ignition engine.
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Sun, Yijia. "Comparative study on the performance of traditional engines and hybrid engines." Theoretical and Natural Science 5, no. 1 (2023): 649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/5/20230424.
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Engines are very important for human-beings and it is necessary for people to find a perfect kind of engines since they are used in many vehicles. In this paper, it will mainly focus the traditional engines and the hybrid engines, and compare there main performances including economical performance and environmental performance. For economical performance, researches have found that hybrid engine has higher thermal efficiency and lower thermal efficiency loss compared with traditional engine because hybrid engine does not have the inherent defect of crankshaft linkage mechanism as traditional engine. Also, since hybrid engine is consist of both electric motor and internal combustion engine, consequently it will have lower fuel cost. For environmental performance, hybrid engine not only reduce the consumption of non-renewable fuel but also more environmental since using electric to give vehicles power is relative environmental than using fuels only like traditional engine. This paper also find that both traditional engine and hybrid engine have development prospects in the transportation industry.
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Hu, Lichen, Feiyu Long, Borui Xie, and Xuanzhou Zhuang. "Four variants of turbofan, turbojet, turboprop and ramjet engines and their future prospects." Applied and Computational Engineering 11, no. 1 (2023): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/11/20230222.
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A jet engine is a sophisticated machine that has revolutionized the aviation industry. It is a type of internal combustion engine that uses air as its oxidizer and fuel to produce thrust. The third law of motion, which states that there is an equivalent and opposite response to every action, governs how the engine functions. Compressed air is combined with fuel, ignited in the combustion chamber, and then expelled out of the jet engine at a high rate of speed to create propulsion. The development of jet engines has been a long and arduous process, with many different designs and configurations over the years. Early jet engines were inefficient, noisy, and prone to failure. However, technological advances have created more efficient and reliable engines in various applications, from commercial aviation to military aircraft and even spacecraft. The efficiency and reliability of jet engines have transformed air travel, enabling faster and more efficient travel over long distances. This has increased global connectivity, economic growth, and cultural exchange. However, jet engines also have environmental impacts, such as noise pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, which have led to the development of more environmentally friendly engines.
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Boussouara, Karima, and Mahfoud Kadja. "Empirical soot formation and oxidation model." Thermal Science 13, no. 3 (2009): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0903035b.
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Modelling internal combustion engines can be made following different approaches, depending on the type of problem to be simulated. A diesel combustion model has been developed and implemented in a full cycle simulation of a combustion, model accounts for transient fuel spray evolution, fuel-air mixing, ignition, combustion, and soot pollutant formation. The models of turbulent combustion of diffusion flame, apply to diffusion flames, which one meets in industry, typically in the diesel engines particulate emission represents one of the most deleterious pollutants generated during diesel combustion. Stringent standards on particulate emission along with specific emphasis on size of emitted particulates have resulted in increased interest in fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of soot particulate formation and oxidation in internal combustion engines. A phenomenological numerical model which can predict the particle size distribution of the soot emitted will be very useful in explaining the above observed results and will also be of use to develop better particulate control techniques. A diesel engine chosen for simulation is a version of the Caterpillar 3406. We are interested in employing a standard finite-volume computational fluid dynamics code, KIVA3V-RELEASE2.
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Levko, S. F., B. V. Dolishnii, and В. М. Melnyk. "Prospective types of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 2(32) (December 27, 2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2019-2(32)-97-106.
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Currently, the disposal and recycling of the alcohol industry products creates a number of difficulties due to the lack of well-established recycling lines in Ukraine. Since 1998, eight enterprises of the state-owned concern Ukrspirt have been converted to produce high-octane oxygen-containing additives (CFCs) for ethanol-based fuels to organize the processing of waste from the alcohol industry. During this time, they produced 28.2 thousand tonnes of CALs, but CALA enterprises face great difficulties in selling their products, as they are new and expensive. The influence of fusel oil additives on commodity fuels on the main physical and technical indicators of the obtained alternative fuels is considered in the paper. According to the results of studies of octane number, we have established the optimal compositions of fuel mixtures of fusel oils with gasoline A-80 can contain up to 10% of the latter. For mixtures of fusel oils with diesel fuel by cetane number, their optimum content in diesel fuel is from 4 to 10% by volume. But, according to the trends of the development of diesel engines, the compression ratio increases, which allows the use of diesel fuel with higher cetane number, and therefore it is possible to raise the content of fusel oils in diesel fuel to 12%. According to the results of studies of the environmental performance of the ZIL-130 engine when fusel oils are added to commercial gasoline in an amount of 2 to 10% vol. the CO content in ICE exhaust gases decreases by 9.3%, fuel consumption increases by 6.5%, hydrocarbons by 10.2% and nitrogen oxide by 16.9%. As a result of increasing the content of fusel oils in diesel from 0 to 6%, there is an increase in mass flow rate of fuel to 6.1%, an increase in the concentration of hydrocarbons to 10% and nitrogen oxides by 1.9% in the exhaust gases of the engine D21A1. Thus, as we see today, along with traditional fuels for internal combustion engines, it is possible to use their alternative substitutes quite efficiently both in their pure form and in mixtures with them. There are all prerequisites for this in Ukraine and the region, the only question is the financing of these projects.
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Shadidi, Behdad, Gholamhassan Najafi, and Talal Yusaf. "A Review of Hydrogen as a Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines." Energies 14, no. 19 (2021): 6209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196209.
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The demand for fossil fuels is increasing because of globalization and rising energy demands. As a result, many nations are exploring alternative energy sources, and hydrogen is an efficient and practical alternative fuel. In the transportation industry, the development of hydrogen-powered cars aims to maximize fuel efficiency and significantly reduce exhaust gas emission and concentration. The impact of using hydrogen as a supplementary fuel for spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines on engine performance and gas emissions was investigated in this study. By adding hydrogen as a fuel in internal combustion engines, the torque, power, and brake thermal efficiency of the engines decrease, while their brake-specific fuel consumption increase. This study suggests that using hydrogen will reduce the emissions of CO, UHC, CO2, and soot; however, NOx emission is expected to increase. Due to the reduction of environmental pollutants for most engines and the related environmental benefits, hydrogen fuel is a clean and sustainable energy source, and its use should be expanded.
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Zheng, Jingyan. "Comparative Analysis of Operational Advantages and Disadvantages Between Conventional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles and Electric Vehicles based on Tesla." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 78 (December 26, 2023): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/m2qdzw41.
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The automotive industry is undergoing a transformative phase driven by concerns over environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, and technological advancements. In this context, the shift from conventional internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) has emerged as a focal point. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of operational pros and cons between conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and electric vehicles, using Tesla as a case study. This paper undertakes a comprehensive comparative analysis of financial and operational aspects among leading automotive companies: Tesla, Volkswagen, and Toyota. This comparative exploration highlights the transformative potential of the new energy vehicle sector.
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Minh Tuan, Pham, and Cao Dao Nam. "RESEARCH ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PCCI ENGINE: A REVIEW." JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 3, no. 2 (2023): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jtin.02.2023.47.53.
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The global environment is being affected by the use of fossil fuels to provide energy for internal combustion engines (ICE) due to a large amount of CO2 emission. Specific toxic substances are NOx, and CO, soot, particulate matter that exists in the environment at high densities while having a global impact. The automotive industry of countries worldwide is constantly changing and evolving to discover new solutions that reduce fuel use while developing cleaner and more advanced combustion methods, which as a low-temperature combustion engine (LTC). This study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to understand partial pre-mixed compression combustion (PPCI), with HCCI and RCCI being advanced low-temperature combustion concepts. Lowering the average combustion temperature is an advantage of PCCI; it optimizes CO and NOx emission rates while maintaining high thermal efficiency. Investigate the intake pattern, including flame length, mixing pulse, and intake air volume, to determine the importance of that factor for oxidation using the LES. Studies have been performed using RANS and LES models to stimulate mixing and combustion.
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ASİ ÖZTAŞ, Esra, Berkay GENC, and Serdar GÜLEN. "Comparison of turbo compounding technoligies on gasoline and diesel engines." International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 12, no. 1 (2023): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1175788.
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This paper presents a parametric study and comparison of turbocompound gasoline engine with diesel engine based on analysis done in previous papers. Turbocompounding is an important technique to recover waste heat from engine exhaust and reduce CO_2 emission, improving fuel economy. By the time detected one of the biggest problems for IC engines is pollution. Downsizing studies are popular at the industry for the moments to get emission and fuel consumption decreased. Even if the racing industry gets involved in this trend having more efficient and more green racing vehicles is quite important for saving environment. Powertrain works with supercharged internal combustion engine by co-operation of two electric motors MGU-H (Motor-Generator Unit-Heat) and MGU-K (Motor-Generator Unit-Kinetic). It is also seen in passenger, light and heavy commercial vehicles with diesel engines using turbocompounding technology to decrease the pollution. The present paper compares the outcomes which were shown in previous papers and demonstrate the better performance in terms of greenhouse effect and pollution as well as engine power generation performance.
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Allmägi, Roland, Risto Ilves, and Jüri Olt. "COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF INNOVATION IN PISTON ENGINE AND LOW TEMPERATURE COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES." Transport 39, no. 1 (2024): 86–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2024.21333.
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Global transport today is mainly powered by the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and throughout its century and a half of development it has become considerably more efficient and cleaner. Future prospects of the ICE rely on the scientific work conducted today to keep this trend of higher efficiency and cleaner emissions in new engines going. The aim of this article is to give a comprehensive review of development directions in novel piston engine designs, which seek to overcome the drawbacks of the ubiquitous 4-stroke piston engine. One of the directions of development is devoted to improving the mechanisms and the general layout of the piston engine to reduce losses within the engine. Research teams working with alternative engine work cycles like the 5- and 6-stroke engine and technologies for extracting waste heat seek to reduce thermal losses while novel layouts of valve trains and crank assemblies claim to significantly improve the mechanical and Volumetric Efficiency (VE) of piston engines. These novel ideas include camless or Variable Valve Action (VVA) and engines with Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) or opposed pistons. One alternative approach could also be to totally redesign the reciprocating mechanism by replacing the piston with some other device or mechanism. Additional scientific work is investigating Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) technologies such as Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI) and Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) and its derivatives like Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) and Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) that have shown improvements in thermal and fuel conversion efficiency while also significantly reducing harmful emissions. These combustion strategies also open the path to alternative fuels. The contemporary work in the combustion engine fields of research entail technical solutions from the past that have received a modern approach or are a completely novel idea. Nonetheless, all research teams work with the common goal to make the piston engine a highly efficient and environmentally friendly device that will continue to power our transport and industry for years to come. For this, solutions must be found to overcome the mechanical limitations of the traditional layout of the piston engine. Similarly various improvements in combustion technology are needed that implement state of the art technology to improve combustion characteristics and reduce harmful emissions.
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Shuaibu Alani Balogun, Ihwan Ghazali, Abdullahi Tanko Mohammed, Dhany Hermansyah, Ayu Amanah, and Mega Tri Kurnia. "Renewable Aviation Fuel: Review of Bio-jet Fuel for Aviation Industry." Engineering Science Letter 1, no. 01 (2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56741/esl.v1i01.59.
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The search for environmentally sound, socially responsible, and economically viable renewable fuel generation methods is a major global concern. A type of aviation fuel called jet fuel or often spelled avtur is intended for use in aeroplanes with turbine (gas) engines. Jet fuel appears colourless. The fuels Jet A and Jet A-1 are the most frequently used ones in commercial aviation sector. Other than Jet B, which is utilised for its enhanced cold-weather operation, there are no other jet fuels that are frequently used in gas-turbine-engine in the aviation industry. Renewable aviation fuel or known as bio-jet fuels represent a sizable sector for the consumption of fossil fuels. The production of bioethanol and biodiesel for piston engine vehicles in internal combustion engines has already shown that biofuel can play a significant role in the development of sustainable renewable aviation jet fuel. Here, we also provide a book review on the potential bio-jet fuel as a renewable aviation jet fuel.
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Lewicki, Wojciech, Wawrzyniec Gołębiewski, Tomasz Osipowicz, Karol Abramek, and Klyus Oleh. "Comparative assessment of energy efficiency indicators of a multi-fuel internal combustion vehicle and an electric vehicle." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 137 (December 1, 2023): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.2989.
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In the current discussions on the future of the automotive industry, two extreme opinions clash: electromobility or vehicles with conventional drive but powered by alternative fuels. The article discusses the issue related to modeling the energy efficiency factors of a combustion engine operating on three types of fuels (Diesel 100%, Biofuel 100%, and Hemp Oil 100%) as well as an electric drive powered by energy from a coal power plant. Analytical research was conducted based on the external characteristics of the engine's performance. The external characteristic of the Fiat Panda 1.3 JTD combustion engine was obtained on the Automex dynamometer. The engine operated on three fuels: Diesel 100%, Biofuel 100% (rapeseed), and Biofuel 100% (hemp oil). The Nissan Leaf vehicle manufacturer provided the external characteristics of the electric engine. The calculation results showed that the combustion engine consumes less energy at lower speeds than the electric one. At higher speeds, the consumption rates are at a similar level. The recipients of the research are both the demand side – that is, vehicle users, as well as future manufacturers and government institutions responsible for shaping and developing future mobility in the field of individual transport.
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Podrigalo, Mikhail, Yurii Tarasov, Mykhailo Kholodov, Vitalii Shein, Alexande Tkachenko, and Oleksii Kasianenko. "Assessment of increased energy efficiency of vehicles with a rational reduction of engine capacity." Automobile transport, no. 51 (December 29, 2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/at.2219-8342.2022.51.0.03.
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Problem. The tendency to reduce the working volume of internal combustion engines, which has emerged in recent years in the global automotive industry, is due to the need to improve the environmental situation and energy efficiency of road transport. Goal. The aim of the study is to increase the energy efficiency of vehicles by rationally reducing the maximum effective engine capacity. Methodology. The work uses the method of partial accelerations, implemented in a mobile registration and measurement complex, which allowed the authors to obtain an improved formula for calculating the force of aerodynamic resistance. Experimental studies of car aerodynamics were also carried out. Results. The article presents the results of the authors' research, which made it possible to prove the possibility of reducing the power of the internal combustion engine while maintaining the specified maximum speed and the specified level of indicators of the dynamic properties of cars. Originality. The relationship between the degree of use of the maximum engine power and the relative change in the effective specific fuel consumption of a carburetor gasoline engine with direct injection of gasoline and diesel is determined. Practical value. Calculations performed on the example of the ZAZ-1103 "Slavuta" car showed that a rational reduction in effective power allows for a 9.5% reduction in fuel consumption, and for an engine with direct injection of gasoline and diesel engines, this leads to an increase in fuel consumption by 6.7 % and 20.3%, respectively.
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Iswantoro, Adhi, I. Made Ariana, and Muhammad Syuhri. "Analysis of Exhaust Gas Emissions on Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Single Cylinder Four-stroke with LPG-Diesel Oil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 972, no. 1 (2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/972/1/012034.
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Abstract Diesel engine is one of type of internal combustion engine that is applied in industry, including the maritime industry. The increasing use of diesel engines, has a effect on increasing emissions. Diesel engines emissions consist of SOx, NOx, HC, and others. To reduce the emissions, there are many method, one of them is using dual-fuel system. The alternative fuel can be used is Gas, which is easily available, namely LPG or liquefied petroleum gas. To supply LPG to combustion chamber, a converter-kit are needed to be install on diesel engine. There are several previous research that prove that LPG can be used as an alternative in a dual-fuel system and can reduce the emissions. One of them by Ma’amuri (2016) who designed a mechanical LPG-diesel oil as dual-fuel, using a membrane converter. Result of this research provide that good diesel engine performance. In this research, LPG-diesel oil as dual-fuel using converter kit based on ECU or electronic control unit, and then, analyze the diesel engine emissions with experimental method. The purpose of this research is to determine the emissions produced by LPG-diesel oil as dual-fuel with converter kit based ECU. After taking and analytical data, known that the NOx emission from dual fuel diesel engine using ECU-based converter kit is lower than NOx emission from conventional diesel engine with B30 diesel fuel with percentage is 25,61 % for 3ms opening duration of gas injector, 39,99 % for 4 ms opening duration of gas injector and 26,5 % for 5 ms opening duration of gas injector. The NOx emission of conventional diesel engine is 2,46 g/kWh.
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Dash, Santanu Kumar, Suprava Chakraborty, Michele Roccotelli, and Umesh Kumar Sahu. "Hydrogen Fuel for Future Mobility: Challenges and Future Aspects." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (2022): 8285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148285.
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Nowadays, the combustion of fossil fuels for transportation has a major negative impact on the environment. All nations are concerned with environmental safety and the regulation of pollution, motivating researchers across the world to find an alternate transportation fuel. The transition of the transportation sector towards sustainability for environmental safety can be achieved by the manifestation and commercialization of clean hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen fuel for sustainable mobility has its own effectiveness in terms of its generation and refueling processes. As the fuel requirement of vehicles cannot be anticipated because it depends on its utilization, choosing hydrogen refueling and onboard generation can be a point of major concern. This review article describes the present status of hydrogen fuel utilization with a particular focus on the transportation industry. The advantages of onboard hydrogen generation and refueling hydrogen for internal combustion are discussed. In terms of performance, affordability, and lifetime, onboard hydrogen-generating subsystems must compete with what automobile manufacturers and consumers have seen in modern vehicles to date. In internal combustion engines, hydrogen has various benefits in terms of combustive properties, but it needs a careful engine design to avoid anomalous combustion, which is a major difficulty with hydrogen engines. Automobile makers and buyers will not invest in fuel cell technology until the technologies that make up the various components of a fuel cell automobile have advanced to acceptable levels of cost, performance, reliability, durability, and safety. Above all, a substantial advancement in the fuel cell stack is required.
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Idzior, Marek, and Martin Kornaszewski. "A contribution to the discussion about the future of drives in automotive vehicles." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 125 (June 1, 2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6492.
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The publication contains comments about the future of vehicle drives. The essence of the development of electric drives and the specificity of the construction of electric vehicles are presented. The interest in vehicles powered by electric motors, despite the unquestionable long-term hegemony of vehicles with an internal combustion engine, is growing. This is due to the growing public awareness about the issues of shrinking fossil fuel resources and environmental pollution caused by internal combustion engines. The development of electrotechnics related to computerization gives car designers a wide field to develop the concept of an electric motor. With simultaneous market demand for vehicles with the lowest possible emissions, electric vehicles have found interest in the commercial market, and the value of this industry and the percentage share in the automotive market is gradually increasing.
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Mar'in, Dmitriy, Il'mas Salahutdinov, Denis Molochnikov, Rail' Mustyakimov, and Ilnar Gayaziev. "RESULTS OF MOTOR TESTS OF EXPERIMENTAL GASOLINE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 4 (2020): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-64-68.
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Current trends in the engine industry are aimed at improving the power and fuel-economic indicators of an internal combustion engine (ICE). This, in turn, is accompanied by an increase in the mechanical and thermal load on the details of the cylinder-piston group (CPG). One of the most loaded parts of the CPG is the piston. Overheating of the piston leads to premature wear of rubbing surfaces, occurrence of piston rings and their breakdowns, jamming of pistons, burnouts of the piston bottom, etc. Modern technology can protect engine parts subject to thermal stresses, especially pistons, by using structural coatings or special insulating materials. The main idea of such a coating is to reflect thermal energy back into the combustion chamber, which should prevent the piston from overheating. Thermal protective coatings are applied by plasma and detonation methods, however, such coatings are destroyed during operation and therefore they are not widely used to reduce the temperature level of the piston. To improve the thermal insulation properties of the piston, it is proposed to form a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the piston head by microarc oxidation (MAO). A distinctive feature of MAO is the participation in the process of covering formation of surface microdischarges that have a very significant and specific effect on the forming covering, as a result of which the composition and structure of the resulting oxidized layers are significantly different, and the properties are significantly increased compared to conventional anode films. Comparative motor tests, the results of which showed that an engine equipped with pistons with a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the head, increase power by 5.3% and reduce fuel consumption by 5.7%, compared with an engine equipped with standard pistons.
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Shaikin, A. P., and I. R. Galiev. "Effect of Chemical Hythane Composition on Pressure in Combustion Chamber of Engine." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 10-12 (May 26, 2019): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2019.10-12.036-042.
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The article analyzes the influence of chemical composition of hythane (a mixture of natural gas with hydrogen) on pressure in an engine combustion chamber. A review of the literature has showed the relevance of using hythane in transport energy industry, and also revealed a number of scientific papers devoted to studying the effect of hythane on environmental and traction-dynamic characteristics of the engine. We have studied a single-cylinder spark-ignited internal combustion engine. In the experiments, the varying factors are: engine speed (600 and 900 min-1), excess air ratio and hydrogen concentration in natural gas which are 29, 47 and 58% (volume).The article shows that at idling engine speed maximum pressure in combustion chamber depends on excess air ratio and proportion hydrogen in the air-fuel mixture – the poorer air-fuel mixture and greater addition of hydrogen is, the more intense pressure increases. The positive effect of hydrogen on pressure is explained by the fact that addition of hydrogen contributes to increase in heat of combustion fuel and rate propagation of the flame. As a result, during combustion, more heat is released, and the fuel itself burns in a smaller volume. Thus, the addition of hydrogen can ensure stable combustion of a lean air-fuel mixture without loss of engine power. Moreover, the article shows that, despite the change in engine speed, addition of hydrogen, excess air ratio, type of fuel (natural gas and gasoline), there is a power-law dependence of the maximum pressure in engine cylinder on combustion chamber volume. Processing and analysis of the results of the foreign and domestic researchers have showed that patterns we discovered are applicable to engines of different designs, operating at different speeds and using different hydrocarbon fuels. The results research presented allow us to reduce the time and material costs when creating new power plants using hythane and meeting modern requirements for power, economy and toxicity.
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Šmerda, Tomáš, and Jiří Čupera. "Influence of biofuels usage in internal combustion engines of agricultural tractors on output parametrs." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 2 (2010): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058020219.
Full textAbstract:
Application of alternative fuels brings the social benefits in terms of reducing dependence on oil industry and its products as well as decreasing of damage of the environment together with using of natural resources, especially in field of renewable energy resources. The use of biofuels is the most important part of energy strategy in European Union, whose member states have agreed the content of biofuels will achieve 5.75% of the total energy sum of fuel for transport purposes in 2010. Operation of internal combustion engine fueled by RME brings environmental benefits as described several authors in analysis of the life cycle. The contribution deals with technical difficulties of the RME usage in internal combustion engine used in agricultural tractors. Different fuel causes different process of combustion which means changes in output power and pollution. The aim of this experiment was to determine these effects. Experimental work was divided into two parts according to various fuel systems. The first tractor was equipped with mechanical injection system, the second one was provided with common-rail fuel system. The test procedures consisted of measurement of power- torque curves where the engine load was created by Eddy current dynamometer. Exhaust gas analyzer sampled the pollution of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons as the most important indicators of combustion process.
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Pham, Van Viet. "A Study on Technical and PM Emission Characteristics on Diesel Engines using Biodiesel Based Palm Oil." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 2 (2020): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.2.1662.
Full textAbstract:
The transport industry is facing problems such as the exhaustion of fossil fuels and the threat of pollution from emissions from internal combustion engines. The use of alternative fuels is considered as one of the effective solutions to address the pressure on fuel prices and environmental pollution. Using biofuels is considered an emerging solution to ensure energy security in transportation and environment friendliness. Palm oil-based biodiesel is a relatively abundant fuel source and is compatible with traditional diesel engines with little change to the engine structure. The paper focuses on the possibility of using biodiesel derived from palm oil with the volume ratio of 5%, 10% and 15% on Vikyno EV2600 engine. Thereby, it will analyze and evaluate the technical features and emission level of the engine compared to traditional diesel fuel. In addition, this study is also worth the impact of the blend ratio of palm oil-based biofuel with diesel to the PM emission level of the test engine.
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Pham, Van Viet. "Study on Technical and PM Emission Characteristics on Diesel Engines using Biodiesel Based Palm Oil." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 2 (2020): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.2.1662.
Full textAbstract:
The transport industry is facing problems such as the exhaustion of fossil fuels and the threat of pollution from emissions from internal combustion engines. The use of alternative fuels is considered as one of the effective solutions to address the pressure on fuel prices and environmental pollution. Using biofuels is considered an emerging solution to ensure energy security in transportation and environment friendliness. Palm oil-based biodiesel is a relatively abundant fuel source and is compatible with traditional diesel engines with little change to the engine structure. The paper focuses on the possibility of using biodiesel derived from palm oil with the volume ratio of 5%, 10% and 15% on Vikyno EV2600 engine. Thereby, it will analyze and evaluate the technical features and emission level of the engine compared to traditional diesel fuel. In addition, this study is also worth the impact of the blend ratio of palm oil-based biofuel with diesel to the PM emission level of the test engine.
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Sremec, Mario, Mladen Bozic, Ante Vucetic, and Darko Kozarac. "Influence of high compression ratio and excess air ratio on performance and emissions of natural gas fuelled spark ignition engine." Thermal Science 22, no. 5 (2018): 2013–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci171222219s.
Full textAbstract:
Compressed natural gas is in automotive industry recognized as one of the ?cleanest? fossil fuels which can be used in internal combustion engines with a number of benefits. Since natural gas has much higher octane rating than gasoline it is expected that higher compression ratios can be used. The goal of the research is to determine the change of performance of spark ignited engine with the increase of compression ratio to values similar to compression ignited engine while keeping the exhaust emissions on the acceptable level and avoiding knock combustion. Measurements are performed at compression ratios 12, 16, and 18 at three different values of air excess ratio. Methane with known composition from a pressure cylinder is used instead of natural gas and the results are comprised of indicating results (in-cylinder and intake pressure in a crank angle space), emissions, temperatures, and mass-flows on various intake and exhaust positions. Analysis of results shows high influence of compression ratio and excess air ratio on combustion, performance, and exhaust gas emissions.