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1
Adil, H., S. Gerguri, and J. Durodola. "Evolution of Materials for Internal Combustion Engines Pistons." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230827.
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Piston is one of the most important components in an internal combustion engine which transfers combustion energy to the crankshaft via a connecting rod. Increase in an engine’s efficiency has somehow necessitated improvement in the piston. This improvement can be achieved by better piston design or using material with superior mechanical properties. Engineers have experimented with different materials for pistons since the introduction of internal combustion engines. This paper reviews the evolution of materials for pistons since the beginning of automotive industry to present day and analyses the properties that attracted engineers to use these materials. The paper also focuses on newly developed materials that have the potentials to replace current piston materials and the work that is taking place. The current trend of changing from diesel to petrol in small internal combustion engines and the affect this will have on piston materials has been analysed. Keywords: Aluminium, Combustion Engine, Nanostructured, Piston Material, Piston.
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Aliemeke, B. N. G., and M. H. Oladeinde. "Design of 0.67hp gasoline generator pistons." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i3.25.
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Piston is an important internal combustion engine component that works with other engine components to withstand severe stresses and high temperature that are generated in the combustion chambers. Pistons are subjected to a very high mechanical and thermal load which results from extreme pressure cycles and huge forces of inertia caused by extremely high acceleration during the reciprocating motion. The 0.67hp generator piston designed had the values of parameters to be: 51.00mm Piston stroke; 48.85mm piston bore diameter; 3.66kw brake power; 4.87kw indicated power; 11.63Nm engine torque; 3.22mm piston thickness and 9.44cm3 clearance volume. The piston parameter values calculated were found to be in accordance with the recommended range of values in the design and operating data for internal combustion engines.
Keywords: Piston design, machine parameters and internal combustion engines.
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Katijan, A., and A. H. Kamardin. "The Effect of Compression Ratio by Different Piston Head Shape on the Performance of Motorcycle Engine." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 6906–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.3.2019.06.0518.
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The compression ratio has a significant impact on engine power, fuel economy, emission, and other performances of internal combustion engines. Basic engine theory states that a higher compression ratio produces higher torque and horsepower. One way of having different compression ratio is by changing piston head shape. A piston is a cylindrical engine component that slides back and forth in the cylinder bore via forces produced during the combustion process. The piston acts as a movable end of the combustion chamber transmitting power generated from the burning of fuel and air mixture in the combustion chamber. The objective of this study is to compare the engine performance in horsepower and torque produced by the different shapes of the piston head in an internal combustion engine. Three pistons with different head shapes - standard, mug (low compression) and dome (high compression) with a compression ratio of 8.8:1, 7.61:1 and 10.06:1 were selected for the study. An experiment was also performed to a standard piston installed with 1.5 mm gasket, which has a compression ratio of 7.31. The experiments were carried out using a standard internal combustion engine of a Honda EX5 motorcycle. The engine runs on a chassis dynamometer to measure its torque and horsepower. Piston performance was evaluated based on the maximum available torque and horsepower. The result shows that all three pistons produce different torque and horsepower. The domed piston head produces higher torque and horsepower followed by the standard and mug. By just changing the piston head shape, torque and horsepower increased up to 7.14% and 20.05% respectively.
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Mar'in, Dmitriy, Il'mas Salahutdinov, Denis Molochnikov, Rail' Mustyakimov, and Ilnar Gayaziev. "RESULTS OF MOTOR TESTS OF EXPERIMENTAL GASOLINE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 4 (April 12, 2020): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-64-68.
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Current trends in the engine industry are aimed at improving the power and fuel-economic indicators of an internal combustion engine (ICE). This, in turn, is accompanied by an increase in the mechanical and thermal load on the details of the cylinder-piston group (CPG). One of the most loaded parts of the CPG is the piston. Overheating of the piston leads to premature wear of rubbing surfaces, occurrence of piston rings and their breakdowns, jamming of pistons, burnouts of the piston bottom, etc. Modern technology can protect engine parts subject to thermal stresses, especially pistons, by using structural coatings or special insulating materials. The main idea of such a coating is to reflect thermal energy back into the combustion chamber, which should prevent the piston from overheating. Thermal protective coatings are applied by plasma and detonation methods, however, such coatings are destroyed during operation and therefore they are not widely used to reduce the temperature level of the piston. To improve the thermal insulation properties of the piston, it is proposed to form a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the piston head by microarc oxidation (MAO). A distinctive feature of MAO is the participation in the process of covering formation of surface microdischarges that have a very significant and specific effect on the forming covering, as a result of which the composition and structure of the resulting oxidized layers are significantly different, and the properties are significantly increased compared to conventional anode films. Comparative motor tests, the results of which showed that an engine equipped with pistons with a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the head, increase power by 5.3% and reduce fuel consumption by 5.7%, compared with an engine equipped with standard pistons.
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Marchenko, Andriy, Volodymyr Shpakovskyy, and Volodymyr Volikov. "Cordunum pistons increase diesel engine economy and reliability." Acta Innovations, no. 33 (October 1, 2019): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.33.3.
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Taking into account the oil resources depletion the requirements to fuel consumption of internal combustion engines are now increasing as well as to their reliability and durability. With the continual increase in the number of internal combustion engines in operation, along with the problem of parts of the cylinder piston group wearing out has caused exhaust from such engines to be one of the main source of harmful pollutant emissions in cities. Therefore, environmental requirements have in turn increased dramatically. The engine resource and its efficiency largely depend on the process of fuel combustion in the combustion chamber. Experimental studies aimed to improve the working process on diesel engines by piston insulation have shown an effective decrease in fuel consumption by reducing heat loss and more complete fuel combustion. When oxide ceramic coatings were used on the piston and cylinder head, the maximum power increased and the specific fuel consumption decreased. However ceramic coatings are not widely used due to their peeling. We have developed a technology for the galvanic plasma treatment of pistons, which made it possible to obtain on the pistons surface made of aluminum alloys a ceramic corundum layer with high adhesion to the base metal that does not peel and has electret properties. In 1993, pistons with a corundum surface layer were installed in a shunting diesel locomotive and life-time running tests were conducted. Such pistons increased wear resistance, reduced the wear of cylinder liners, increased the strength of the annular jumpers, and were not prone to burnouts and scuffing. They provided an increase in the resource of the cylinder-piston group of the diesel engine by more than 125 thousand engine hours. The paper provides an analysis of the effect of corundum pistons thermal insulation on significant increasing the, engine power and fuel consumption reduction. Basing on experimental bench studies of a gasoline engine, a tractor diesel engine and long-term operational life tests of diesel engines, an attempt had been made to explain the reasons for the improvement in the engines’ efficiency.
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Maryin, Dmitry, Andrei Glushchenko, Anton Khokhlov, Evgeny Proshkin, and Rail Mustyakimov. "Results of engine tests of an experimental gasoline internal combustion engine." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700078.
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To improve the power and fuel and economic performance of a gasoline internal combustion engine, it has been proposed to improve the insulating properties of the piston by forming a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the piston head with a thickness of 25...30 μm using the microarc oxidation method. Comparative results of engine tests are carried out, which showed that an engine equipped with pistons with a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the head increases power by 5.3 % and reduces hourly fuel consumption by 5.7 % compared to an engine equipped with standard pistons.
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Sitdikov, V. M., N. Yu Dudareva, A. A. Ishemguzhin, and I. A. Dautov. "Emission control and reduction in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine." Trudy NAMI, no. 4 (January 3, 2023): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-4-83-95.
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Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The task of emission control and reduction for internal combustion engines (ICE) is a relevant issue of the modern engine building. However, the catalytic converters potential is limited and almost exhausted. The paper authors study the possibility to partially reduce toxic emissions directly in the engine combustion chamber by means of the ceramic coating formed on the piston crown.The purpose of the paper is to study the influence of the coating formed by the method of microarc oxidation on the combustion chamber parts on the ICE exhaust toxicity.Methodology and research methods. The experimental method of research was applied. The research was carried out on the RMZ-551i engine. Engine tests were performed in various load modes: the rotation rate changed from 2000 to 6000 rpm, and the throttle opening amounted to 25, 50, 75 and 100% in each speed mode.Results. The paper presents experimental data proving the real possibility to decrease the ICE exhaust gas toxicity through formation of a ceramic coating on the piston crown. A relative decrease of carbon monoxide concentration in exhaust gases by 3.1% was noticed when using coatings on pistons compared to using standard pistons. Along with the decrease of CO amount, a relative increase of carbon dioxide (СО2) concentration by 2.1% is noticed.Practical significance. The provided experimental data obtained in the engine tests showed the possibility to partially reduce the amount of toxic components in exhaust gases directly in the combustion chamber by means of the coating on the piston crown formed by microarc oxidation method.
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Asoyan, Arthur R., Alexander S. Gorshkov, and Ani H. Israelyan. "Less wear on the piston skirts of internal combustion engines." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 21, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-3-175-180.
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A significant proportion of mechanical losses in internal combustion engines accounted for mechanical losses in the cylinder-piston group. Depending on the operating modes of the internal combustion engine, contact interaction in the piston-cylinder pair is possible, which leads to wear of the working surfaces of the resource-determining elements and a decrease in the operational life of the power unit as a whole, in connection with which the reduction of friction losses in the internal combustion engine elements and the piston - cylinder liner coupling in particular is relevant. Both domestic and foreign researchers are engaged in the solution of the above described problems, various profiles of pistons, methods of calculating the parameters of the oil layer are proposed, but the practical state of the issue determines the relevance of research in this direction. The paper considers the possibility of reducing the wear of piston skirts by reducing the contact surface in conjugation and providing an oil film in the friction zone, regardless of engine operating conditions. This opportunity is realized by forming a certain macro profile on the working surface of the piston skirt. The formation of the macrorelief was carried out by means of surface plastic deformation, with the reciprocating movement of a spherical tool on the machined surface.
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Kazimierski, Zbyszko, and Jerzy Wojewoda. "Double internal combustion piston engine." Applied Energy 88, no. 5 (May 2011): 1983–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.10.042.
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Gots, A. N., and S. A. Glinkin. "Loading conditions of pistons of internal combustion engines and causes of crack formation on combustion chamber edge." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 10 (October 15, 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66208.
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In order to develop the methods for assessment of durability of pistons of tractor diesel engines, it is necessary to conduct the research of causes of failures in their operation, in particular crack formation on the edge of combustion chamber. Tractor engines operate in transient regimes due to periodic changes of control organ position and resisting moment when tractor performs agricultural, logging and other works. In transient regimes, the stress-strain state of piston varies in time, which leads to the formation of fatigue cracks on the edge of combustion chamber. The paper reviews the studies on regularities of change in the rate of propagation of fatigue cracks on the edge of combustion chamber of tractor diesel engine. The peak values of heat flows passing through the heat-absorbing surface of piston head in transient regimes exceed by 2.5 times the same values in steady-state regimes. According to the researches, for the 4ChN 11/12.5 tractor diesel engine stress intensity on the edge of combustion chamber caused by temperature gradients equals to 92-98 MPa, and exceeds more than by 2 times the stresses caused by gas pressure forces in cylinder (38-42 MPa). With the increase of engine forcing, the edge of combustion chamber becomes a local concentrator of thermal stresses, that leads to elastic-plastic deformations of cyclical pattern and microdefects. Stresses appearing on the edge of combustion chamber under rapid change of loading modes typically exceed the values of yield stress of piston material. This leads to the appearance of plastic deformations on the edge of combustion chamber. The analysis of causes of crack formation on the edge of combustion chamber of piston of a tractor diesel engine shows that when assessing the durability of piston, the whole range of indicators and parameters of the engine should be taken into account.
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Al-Baghdadi, Maher A. R. Sadiq, Sahib Shihab Ahmed, and Nabeel Abdulhadi Ghyadh. "Three-dimensional CFD-solid mechanics analysis of the hydrogen internal combustion engine piston subjected to thermomechanical loads." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 12, no. 3 (April 7, 2023): 560–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.52496.
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Fueling internal combustion engines with hydrogen is one of the most recommended alternative fuels today in order to combat the energy crisis, pollution problems, and climate change. Despite all the advantages of hydrogen fuel, it produces a higher combustion temperature than gasoline. In an internal combustion engine, the piston is among the numerous complex and highly loaded components. Piston surfaces are directly affected by combustion flames, making them critical components of engines. To examine the stress distribution and specify the critical fracture zones in the piston for hydrogen fuel engines, a three-dimensional CFD-solid-mechanics model of the internal combustion engine piston subjected to real thermomechanical loads was analyzed numerically to investigate the distribution of the temperature on the piston body, the interrelated thermomechanical deformations map, and the pattern of the stresses when fueling the engine with hydrogen fuel. With the aid of multiphysics COMSOL software, the CFD-solid-mechanics equations were solved with high accuracy. Despite the increase in pressure on the piston and its temperature when the engine is running on hydrogen fuel, the results show that the hydrogen fuel engine piston can withstand, safely, the thermomechanical loads. In comparison to gasoline fuel, hydrogen fuel caused a deformation of 0.34 mm, an increase of 17%. This deformation is within safe limits, with an average clearance of 0.867 mm between the cylinder liner and piston.
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Petrov, L., O. Lysy, V. Nikishin, and I. Kishyanus. "MODERNIZATION ELEMENTS RESEARCH OF CYLINDER PISTON GROUP OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINEANNOTATION." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.1.133-140.
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Actuality. Meaning of efficiency coefficient of internal combustion engine fully depends on type and construction. Common world practice of automobile construction is directed on increasing of quality of indicators of usage of internal combustion engine, which is linked to directions of increasing efficiency. Leading overseas firms that “dictate” the engineering direction of the design improvement of internal combustion engines in connection with the improvement of the technology of processing fuel into mechanical work in the engine use various technological opportunities in conjunction with the design developments in the cylindrical piston group. That’s why modernization elements research of cylinder piston group is relevant. Goal. Research possible ways to increase efficiency internal combustion engine by modernization of cylinder piston group due to the scientific work plan. Task. Design measures for internal combustion engine modernization for increasing of quality of its usage. Research methodology. Due to methodology [2] we performed theoretical calculations of efficiency of real engine and efficiency of engine which cylinder piston group was upgraded. While we defied indicating efficiency of patrol engine ZMZ-406 we used auxiliary equation of B. Stechkin. We performed theoretical calculations of functional dependence of efficiency because of working body parameters changes simultaneously.
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Pei, Tianyou, Shuheng Qiu, Feixue Chen, Weiwei Gao, Zheng Li, and Chi Zhang. "Design of opposed piston 2-stroke internal combustion engine test platform." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2235, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2235/1/012076.
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Abstract Opposed piston two-stroke engine, due to its characteristics of fast expansion, high power density and indicate efficiency, and dynamic balancing, attracts many researchers’ attention. In order to explore its combustion performance, a novel test platform consisting of a drive system and combustion control system is proposed in this paper. The drive system mainly contains a 75-kW induction motor, a synchronous gearbox, and two crankshaft mechanisms. The displacement of the piston and chamber pressure is acquired and used to control combustion parameters. Using this mechanical device, the rotary motion can be converted to the opposite movement of the two pistons precisely. All the designed functions of the platform are verified by the combustion experiments of an opposed-piston two-stroke prototype. Furthermore, the experimental data is used to verify a one-dimension simulation model to evaluate the combustion characteristics of the prototype.
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Honců, J. "The spring of internal combustion engine valve mechanism." Research in Agricultural Engineering 50, No. 4 (February 8, 2012): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4943-rae.
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This article deals with computational research of piston engine valve train including helical spring with variable number of active coils. This engine is destined for passenger car and therefore is featured by wide range of operational speed.
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Pyatov, I. S., O. V. Shiboev, V. G. Buzinov, A. R. Makarov, A. V. Kostyukov, V. N. Posedko, L. A. Finkelberg, and A. N. Kostyuchenkov. "Carbon materials for parts of gas-turbine engines and internal combustion engines, problems and prospects." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 8, no. 4-1 (February 20, 2014): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67679.
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The paper presents the results of application of carbon-containing material "KARBUL" for manufacturing for internal combustion engine pistons, the technology of piston manufacturing of material "KARBUL". The authors describe the prospects for use of "KARBUL" material for small-size gas turbine engines.
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Gregório, Jorge P., and Francisco M. Brójo. "Development of a 4 stroke spark ignition opposed piston engine." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (November 3, 2018): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0039.
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Abstract The purpose of this project was to develop a low-cost OP engine, 4-stroke, gasoline by joining two single-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engines with side valves on the block, removing the heads. The chosed engine was Model EY15 of Robin America. Joining these two engine blocks together made possible to build an opposed-piston engine (OPE) with two crankshafts. In this new engine, the combustion chamber is confined to the space inside the cylinder between the piston heads and the chamber between the valves. The pistons move in the cylinder axis in opposite directions, a feature typical of opposed-piston engines. After building the engine, parameters characteristic of the OPE, such as: rotational speed, torque, fuel consumption and emissions, were measured on an Eddy currents dynamometer. With the collected data, power, specific consumption and overall efficiency were calculated, allowing to conclude that the motor with the opposed-piston configuration is less expensive and is more powerful. The development of the opposed-piston engine in this project has shown that it is feasible to build one engine from a different one already in use, reducing the manufacturing and development costs. In addition, higher power can be obtained with better specific fuel consumption and less vibration.
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Saminathan, Selvarasu, and Jayakumar Lakshmipathy. "Investigation on engine performance test on compression ignition engine with hybrid metal matrix composite piston." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci210609265s.
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The increase in demand and introduction of stringent emission regulations resulted in the need to develop and implement innovative technologies towards improving the emission and performance characteristics of compression ignition engines. A hybrid metal matrix composite piston (HMMC) of Al7075 reinforced with 6% of 100 ?m Silicon Carbide (SiC) and 4% of 100 ?m Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) was fabricated. The HMMC piston was mounted on a compression ignition (CI) four stroke single-cylinder constant speed engine and the test was carried out with eddy current dynamometer attached with computerized data acquisition system. This paper is focused on the study of performance of Al7075-SiC-Alumina composite piston for compression ignition engine application. Experimental investigations were performed at injection pressure of 200 and 220 bar on both standard piston and HMMC piston and analysed the performance, combustion and emission behaviour of CI engine. From the results it was found that the HMMC piston exhibits an improved efficiency and thereby improving the lifetime of the engine. Though a little compromise in performance and emissions has been accepted, the implementation of HMMC pistons will reduce the carbon foot print of running an internal combustion engine.
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V, Bapi Raju. "Optimization of Internal Combustion Engine Piston." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 1699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.6250.
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Doric, Jovan, and Ivan Klinar. "Efficiency characteristics of a new quasi-constant volume combustion spark ignition engine." Thermal Science 17, no. 1 (2013): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120530158d.
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A zero dimensional model has been used to investigate the combustion performance of a four cylinder petrol engine with unconventional piston motion. The main feature of this new spark ignition (SI) engine concept is the realization of quasi-constant volume (QCV) during combustion process. Presented mechanism is designed to obtain a specific motion law which provides better fuel consumption of internal combustion (IC) engines. These advantages over standard engine are achieved through synthesis of unconventional piston mechanism. The numerical calculation was performed for several cases of different piston mechanism parameters, compression ratio and engine speed. Calculated efficiency and power diagrams are plotted and compared with performance of ordinary SI engine. The results show that combustion during quasi-constant volume has significant impact on improvement of efficiency. The main aim of this paper is to find a proper kinematics parameter of unconventional piston mechanism for most efficient heat addition in SI engines.
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Delprete, Cristiana, and Abbas Razavykia. "Piston dynamics, lubrication and tribological performance evaluation: A review." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 5 (July 11, 2018): 725–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418787610.
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Mechanical power loss of lubricated and bearing surfaces serves as an attractive domain for study and research in the field of internal combustion engines. Friction reduction at lubricated and bearing surface is one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce gas emission and improve internal combustion engines’ efficiency. This thus motivates automotive industries and researchers to investigate tribological performance of internal combustion engines. Piston secondary motion has prime importance in internal combustion engines and occurs due to unbalanced forces and moments in a plane normal to the wrist pin axis. Consequently, piston executes small translations and rotations within the defined clearance during the piston reciprocating motion. Mechanical friction power loss and lubrication at piston skirt/liner and radiated engine noise are dramatically affected by piston secondary dynamics. The lubrication mechanism, piston secondary motion and tribological performance are affected by piston design parameters (piston/liner clearance, wrist pin offset, skirt profile, etc.), lubricant rheology, oil transport mechanism and operating conditions. Therefore, this review is devoted to summarize the synthesis of main technical aspects, research efforts, conclusions and challenges that must be highlighted regarding piston skirt/liner lubrication and piston dynamics and slap.
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*M. K. Kuanyshev, A. K. Kaukarov, and G. Zh. Takhanova. ""IMPROVING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PISTON RING BASED ON SOLID LUBRICANT"." Science and Technology of Kazakhstan, no. 4.2022 (December 27, 2022): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/iqjg8805.
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"In the article, in relation to the similar conditions of use of internal combustion engines with a crank mechanism and the main indicators of a piston seal having the same design parameters (in particular, cylinder diameter, piston stroke), a comparative assessment of the indicators characterizing their duty cycle and indicator parameters of each of the engines is made (in particular, by the magnitude of the indicator tangential and circumferential force, torque and indicator power). The authors carried out work on the use of sealing in the form of rings with a contact surface based on a solid antifriction material – graphite. It is concluded that, in relation to similar conditions of use, the indicator torques formed during the working cycle of these machines are not equal in magnitude. The indicator torque of the crank mechanism of the engine exceeds the corresponding torque of the internal combustion engine. This conclusion also applies to the ratio of the indicator capacities of the considered thermal machines. Keywords: Internal combustion engine, crank mechanism, working fluid, piston, piston ring, grease."
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Zhang, Qinglin, Zhaoping Xu, Shuangshuang Liu, and Liang Liu. "Effects of Injector Spray Angle on Performance of an Opposed-Piston Free-Piston Engine." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 3735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143735.
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A free-piston engine is a novel internal combustion engine which has the advantages of a variable compression ratio and multi-fuel adaptability. This paper focuses on numerical simulation for combustion process and spray angle optimization of an opposed-piston free-piston engine. The working principle and spray-guided central combustor structure of the engine are discussed. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic model with moving mesh is presented based on the tested piston motion of the prototype. Calculation conditions, spray models, and combustion models were set-up according to the same prototype. The effects of spray angle on fuel evaporation rate, mixture distribution, heat release rate, in-cylinder pressure, in-cylinder temperature, and emissions were simulated and analyzed in detail. The research results indicate that the performance of the engine was very sensitive to the spray angle. The combustion efficiency and the indicated thermal efficiencies of 97.5% and 39.7% were obtained as the spray angle reached 40°.
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Ma, Fukang, Shuanlu Zhang, Zhenfeng Zhao, and Yifang Wang. "Research on the Operating Characteristics of Hydraulic Free-Piston Engines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 3530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123530.
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The hydraulic free-piston engine (HFPE) is a kind of hybrid-powered machine which combines the reciprocating piston-type internal combustion engine and the plunger pump as a whole. In recent years, the HFPE has been investigated by a number of research groups worldwide due to its potential advantages of high efficiency, energy savings, reduced emissions and multi-fuel operation. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the operating characteristics, core questions and research progress of HFPEs via a systematic review and meta-analysis. We included operational control, starting characteristics, misfire characteristics, in-cylinder working processes and operating stability. We conducted the literature search using electronic databases. The research on HFPEs has mainly concentrated on four kinds of free-piston engine, according to piston arrangement form: single piston, dual pistons, opposed pistons and four-cylinder complex configuration. HFPE research in China is mainly conducted in Zhejiang University, Tianjin University, Jilin University and the Beijing Institute of Technology. In addition, in China, research has mainly focused on the in-cylinder combustion process while a piston is free by considering in-cylinder combustion machinery and piston dynamics. Regarding future research, it is very important that we solve the instabilities brought about by chance fluctuations in the combustion process, which will involve the hydraulic system’s efficiency, the cyclical variation, the method of predicting instability and the recovery after instability.
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Urbański, Patryk, Maciej Bajerlein, Jerzy Merkisz, Andrzej Ziółkowski, and Dawid Gallas. "Analysis of thermodynamic parameters in spark ignition VCR engine." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929405001.
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3D models of Szymkowiak and conventional engines were created in the Solidworks program. During the motion analysis, the characteristics of the piston path were analyzed for the two considered engine units. The imported file with the generated piston routes was used in the AVL Fire program, which simulated combustion processes in the two engines with identical initial conditions. The configurations for two different compression ratios were taken into account. The basic thermodynamic parameters occurring during the combustion process in internal combustion engines were analyzed.
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Icoz, T., and Z. Dursunkaya. "Experimental Investigation of Oil Accumulation in Second Land of Internal Combustion Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1805011.
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Blowback of engine oil suspended in combustion gases, when the gas flows from the piston second land back into the combustion chamber, is believed to contribute to oil consumption and hydrocarbon emissions in internal combustion engines. Oil accumulation in the region between top and second compression rings is a factor that influences this phenomenon. The effects of individual parameters, such as oil film thickness and viscosity, however, have still not been understood. The present study was aimed at constructing an experimental setup to study the effect of oil film thickness on oil accumulation in the second land of internal combustion engines. Due to the inherent difficulties of experimentation on production engines, a modeled piston-cylinder assembly was constructed. Total oil accumulation in the modeled second land after a single piston stroke was measured and compared to oil consumption in operating engines.
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BIAŁY, Michał, and Marcin SZLACHETKA. "CRANK-PISTON MODEL OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE USING CAD/CAM/CAE IN THE MSC ADAMS." Applied Computer Science 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/acs-2017-05.
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The article presents the modeling and simulation of the crank-piston model of internal combustion engine. The object of the research was the engine of the vehicle from the B segment. The individual elements of the gasoline engine were digitizing using the process of reverse engineering. After converting the geometry, assembling was imported to MSC Adams software. The crank-piston system was specified by boundary conditions of piston forces applied on the pistons crowns. This force was obtain from the cylinder pressure recorded during the tests, that were carried out on a chassis dynamometer. The simulation studies allowed t determine the load distribution in a dynamic state for the selected kinematic pairs.
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CHAVDAROV ANATOLIY V., ANATOLIY V., and VYACHESLAV A. DENISOV VYACHESLAV A. "PROSPECTS OF USING MICROARC OXIDATION TECHNOLOGY FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES." Agricultural engineering, no. 5 (2020): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2020-5-38-42.
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microarc oxidation (MAO) technology. The authors reveal an engine development tendency to replace cast-iron blocks and liners with aluminum ones with special coatings obtained by electroplating methods. It is noted that this method does not involve the use of repair technologies, which signifi cantly aff ects consumer costs. The paper shows the prospects of using MAO technology both in the manufacturing of engine parts and restoration operations. To assess the eff ectiveness of the proposed technology, practical study was performed on covering the working part of the cylinder used in small-size agricultural machinery. The engines were tested at 5.1 kW at 3,600 rpm for 300 hours. After testing, no defects or wear were found on the cylinder face. Preliminary test results of the assembled engine showed no loss of power over 10,000 hours of car mileage, which indicates that the geometric parameters of the parts are preserved. The authors emphasize that the most optimal combination is the friction pair of two parts with an MAO coating. It has been established that the introduction of nano-additives in a MAO-coating leads to a decrease in the coeffi cient of friction between the cylinder and the piston ring and reduces the wear of piston rings and the cylinder face in more than 10 times. A conclusion is made about the feasibility of introducing the considered technology into the mass production of engines and pistons, as well as developing a set of repair equipment.
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Girtler, Jerzy. "A Model of Fuel Combustion Process in The Marine Reciprocating Engine Work Space Taking Into Account Load and Wear of Crankshaft-Piston Assembly and The Theory of Semi-Markov Processes." Polish Maritime Research 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2016-0031.
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Abstract The article analyses the operation of reciprocal internal combustion engines, with marine engines used as an example. The analysis takes into account types of energy conversion in the work spaces (cylinders) of these engines, loads of their crankshaft-piston assemblies, and types of fuel combustion which can take place in these spaces during engine operation. It is highlighted that the analysed time-dependent loads of marine internal combustion engine crankshaft-piston assemblies are random processes. It is also indicated that the wear of elements of those assemblies resulting from their load should also be considered a random process. A hypothesis is formulated which explains random nature of load and the absence of the theoretically expected detonation combustion in engines supplied with such fuels as Diesel Oil, Marine Diesel Oil, and Heavy Fuel Oil. A model is proposed for fuel combustion in an arbitrary work space of a marine Diesel engine, which has the form of a stochastic four-state process, discrete in states and continuous in time. The model is based on the theory of semi-Markov processes.
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Sevryugina, N. S., and A. S. Apatenko. "Research of influence of thermal loadings on reliability of gas-diesel engines of transport and technological machines." Power and Autonomous equipment 2, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32464/2618-8716-2019-2-3-121-128.
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Introduction: the factors determining the development trends of the machine-building industry on the example of modernization of the internal combustion engine are considered. The evaluation of the effectiveness of cooperation between manufacturers and the scientific potential of leading scientists in the development of designs of gas-diesel engines. The requirement of time of increase of ecology of internal combustion engines is proved, the reasons braking mass introduction of gas-diesel engines for transport and technological cars are revealed. The parameter of influence on the thermal load of the piston group in gaseous fuel is allocated. The estimation of constructive perfection of development of system of cooling of the piston of the engine is given. The effects of increased temperature on individual parts of the piston in the form of scrapes, chips, causing failure of the internal combustion engine as a whole are shown. The influence of engine oil quality on the engine operation is revealed. It is proposed to Supplement the design of the internal combustion engine with an oil level control device, developed an algorite and a software product for calculating the residual life of the engine oil on key parameters, with the establishment of the term of their replacement.Methods: the study is based on the analysis of the works of leading domestic and foreign scientists in the field of improving the design of power equipment. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the system approach, methods of mathematical analysis, reliability theory, analytical and statistical processing of results.Results and discussion: the theoretical justification for the increased thermal load of piston in a gas-diesel engine, justifies the addition of the construction device control engine oil level and consideration of the resource and replacement intervals for the parameters of the actual physical and chemical condition, using the database presented in the software product.Conclusion: operation of gas-diesel engines requires from the operator more strict control over the temperature regime of the engine, the condition of the engine oil and the efficiency of the engine oil, the proposed solutions will allow to assess the quality of the engine oil in real time and to carry out its replacement according to the actual condition, which will ensure.
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Doric, Jovan, and Ivan Klinar. "Efficiency of a new internal combustion engine concept with variable piston motion." Thermal Science 18, no. 1 (2014): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci110923020d.
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This paper presents simulation of working process in a new IC engine concept. The main feature of this new IC engine concept is the realization of variable movement of the piston. With this unconventional piston movement it is easy to provide variable compression ratio, variable displacement and combustion during constant volume. These advantages over standard piston mechanism are achieved through synthesis of the two pairs of non-circular gears. Presented mechanism is designed to obtain a specific motion law which provides better fuel consumption of IC engines. For this paper Ricardo/WAVE software was used, which provides a fully integrated treatment of time-dependent fluid dynamics and thermodynamics by means of onedimensional formulation. The results obtained herein include the efficiency characteristic of this new heat engine concept. The results show that combustion during constant volume, variable compression ratio and variable displacement have significant impact on improvement of fuel consumption.
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NURALIN, Beket, Murat KUANYSHEV, Akhmet MURZAGALIEV, Altynbek KAUKAROV, and Isatai UTEBAYEV. "EVALUATION OF THE RATIOS OF THE MAIN INDICATORS OF THE DRY SEALING OF THE CYLINDER-PISTON GROUP OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES USING A SOLID LUBRICANT." Transport Problems 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.3.09.
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This article presents the results of a study of an alternative method for reducing friction losses in the cylinder-piston group of internal combustion engines based on an experimental installation, taking into account changes in the real state of the working surfaces of the mating parts of the piston ring-cylinder pair depending on the operating time. The factors with a progressive effect on the operation of engine friction units as they wear out are studied, and the degree of their influence on wear is estimated. A model of the friction unit of a cylinder-piston group (piston-piston ring pair) of an internal combustion engine based on a solid antifriction material operating without the use of a lubricating fluid is developed and investigated. Comparative results of determining the wear indicators of sealing rings by various methods of wear control are presented. A method for predicting the resource and the real state of the engine is proposed.
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Zhao, Shu Guo, Ke Li, and Zhi Xian Gao. "Design the Piston of Internal Combustion Engine by Solidworks." Advanced Materials Research 749 (August 2013): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.749.546.
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In recent years, digital simulation technology has been developing rapidly. Virtual piston is established by Solidworks easily. As is well-known that virtual piston can simulate the product all kinds of chatacter in the real environment. The results of simulation will be used to optimize piston design, in order to shorten the cycle, reduce the cost and improve the quality of products.
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Mishchuk, Dmitry, Yevgene Gorbatyk, and Yevhenе Mishсhuk. "Research of the efficiency using the model of the spatial hinge in an internal combustion engine." Gіrnichі, budіvelnі, dorozhnі ta melіorativnі mashini, no. 100 (December 30, 2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/gbdmm.2022.100.0502.
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An internal combustion engine is a heat system for many kinds of use in the field of engineering. The difficult economic situation around petroleum products, which is associate with their deficit and modern environmental safety standards require switching to alternative energy sources and looking for ways to modernize internal combustion engines to increase their efficiency. A large number of internal combustion engines belong to the crank group. The analysis of the crank group showed their low technical efficiency. When the piston is in the upper position at the time of ignition of the combustible mixture in the cylinder, the maximum pressure occurs. This leads to maximum driving force with a minimum crank angle. Also increases the friction of the piston on the cylinder wall, the wear of the cylinder wall, additional local heating of the surface of the cylinder and over-load of the crankshaft. Thus, a decrease in the net power resulting from the combustion of fuel in the engine occurs. To increase the efficiency of the crank mechanism, it is propose to apply a new design of the torque transmission mechanism in the engine, which will be built based on a spatial hinge. This paper presents a study of the power and kinematic parameters of the spatial hinge of an internal combustion engine.
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Putintsev, C. B., A. G. Kirillov, and A. S. Ratnikov. "Results of modeling the secondary kinematics of the piston in the cylinder of a high-speed diesel engine." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 12 (December 15, 2017): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66396.
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The relevance of the investigation of the processes of secondary kinematics of the piston in the internal combustion engine’s cylinder is due to their strong influence on such indicators as mechanical losses, wear, noise, vibration, oil consumption, and their insufficient knowledge concerning high-speed piston engines. The purpose of the research was an assessment of the influence on the character of the secondary kinematics of the piston of the high-speed internal combustion engine design factors, operating conditions and lubricant and on this basis finding the ways to improve the lubrication and friction conditions in coupling of the «cylinder-piston skirt». The tasks to be performed to achieve the research goal were in an identification the most significant parameters of the construction on the piston's secondary kinematics, mode of operation and properties of the lubricant; obtaining diagrams of the piston's secondary kinematics depending on the change in the values of the influencing factors, as well as the analysis of the obtained results and the development of recommendations aimed at reducing friction and wear in the piston-cylinder-unit. For the subject of the research the piston of the high-speed diesel engine 1CH 8,5/8,0, having a barrel-shaped profile of the piston skirt in the serial production and a negative dezaksial of piston pin, was chosen. The research method is mathematical modeling using the calculation program PISTON-DHT. Discussion of the obtained results made it possible to reveal the two most influential parameters on the character of the secondary kinematics of the piston: the dezaksial of piston pin and piston skirt profile. The variation of the sign and the values of these indicators were established an expedience to switch from a negative one to the positive dezaxial and an application of rational profile of the piston skirt. For the two most dynamically loaded strokes of the working cycle «Compression» and «Expansion», the dominance of the piston movement in the position of the scraper relative to the adjacent side of the cylinder wall was highlighted. The generalized recommendations aimed at eliminating the dominance of this undesirable situation can be taken into account and used in the design and completion of high-speed internal combustion engines pistons in order to minimize mechanical losses and wear.
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Meng, Fanming, Minggang Du, Xianfu Wang, Yuanpei Chen, and Qing Zhang. "Effect of axial piston pin motion on tribo-dynamics of piston skirt-cylinder liner system." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-09-2016-0229.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the axial piston pin motion on the tribological performances of the piston skirt and cylinder liner vibration for an internal combustion engine (ICE) under different operation conditions. Design/methodology/approach The dynamic equation for the piston incorporating into axial piston pin motion is derived first. Then, the proposed equation and associated lubrication equations are solved using the Broyden algorithm and difference method, respectively. Moreover, the axial motion of the piston pin and its slap on the cylinder liner are studied under different operation conditions. Findings The axial piston pin motion leads to an overall increase in the friction power consumption. Increments in the ICE speed and lubricant viscosity can augment the axial pin motion and cylinder liner vibration, especially in the power stroke. The said increments cause the instability of the piston motion in the cylinder. The axial motion of piston pin can be restrained through the eccentricity of the piston pin close to the thrust side of the cylinder liner. Originality/value This study conducts detailed discussions of the effect of axial piston pin motion on tribological and dynamic performances for piston skirt-cylinder liner system of an internal combustion engine and gives a helpful reference to analyses and designs of internal combustion engines.
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Yusha, V. L., G. I. Chernov, I. D. Obukhov, O. G. Bessonov, V. V. Denisenko, A. A. Goncharenko, and V. B. Shipov. "Multipurpose conversion of marine diesel engines when creating piston motor-compressor units." Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Aviation-Rocket and Power Engineering 5, no. 3 (2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2588-0373-2021-5-3-14-22.
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This paper present an assessment of the energy efficiency of various combinations of piston stages of an internal combustion engine, a compressor, and a Rankine engine as part of piston motor-compressor units based on modernized marine diesel engines. An eight-cylinder single-row diesel engine 8Ch23/30-1 is chosen as the object of research, the base of which is used as a single platform for creating powertechnology units for various purposes and power. The proposed variants for converting the original engine allow, with minimal costs for the development of design and manufacturing technology, to create gas engine compressor units with reduced fuel consumption and improved weight and size characteristics in comparison with the known mobile compressor stations driven by diesel internal combustion engines. In the paper, on the basis of the developed mathematical models of working processes, the possibility of joint operation of diesel cylinders with piston expanders of the Rankine cycle and one or more stages of a piston compressor is assessed. Various possible combinations of diesel cylinders, compressor cylinders and expander cylinders are considered, as well as the dependences of engine power and compressor performance depending on the number of compressor stages and the number of diesel power cylinders used.
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Dzhus, O. A., Yu V. Rodionov, A. E. Lomovskikh, V. V. Novichikhin, D. Yu Vnukov, and A. O. Sukhova. "Environmentally Friendly Power Plants Based on Rotary Type Internal Combustion Engine." Voprosy sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet imeni V.I. Vernadskogo, no. 1(83) (2022): 027–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/voprosy.2022.01.pp.027-039.
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Two well-known designs of rotary piston engines and a directly promising design of a rotary engine with an improved separating blade developed by Professor Yu. V. Vorobyov are considered. It has been found that in the created design of a rotary engine there is no connecting rod and piston group, instead of which a rotor is made that performs a circular motion, and then, using an eccentric mechanism, this motion is converted into a rotational motion of the output shaft. It was found that the proposed technical solution will reduce the leakage of gases from the working chambers of the engine, increase the tightness of isolated chambers or cylinders, which will ultimately lead to an increase in power and an increase in engine efficiency by 10 - 15 % and a decrease in toxic emissions by up to 12 %.
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Helmisyah, A. J., Shahrir Abdullah, and Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali. "Effect of Thermal Barrier Coating on Piston Crown for Compressed Natural Gas with Direct Injection Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 1830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1830.
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The top land of a piston normally known as the piston crown is an engine part that is continuously exposed to extreme temperature and pressure during combustion. For a compression ratio level, the compressed natural gas with a direct injection system (CNGDI) typically uses a range of compression ratio between gasoline and diesel engines, producing extremely high temperature and pressure which lead to high thermal stresses. Consequently, the piston crown is exposed to direct combustion due to the vertical movement of the piston, leading to various possible damages of thermal stresses. In contrast to a petrol fuelled internal combustion engine, natural gas combustion creates a dry condition in the combustion chamber, inducing cooling difficulties in the engine. Without good heat transfer, the piston crown materials will soon fail to withstand high temperature and operate effectively. Alternatively, any sort of insulation inside the combustion chamber such as applying ceramic coatings may protect the piston crown surface and affect the overall combustion process, as well as improving the engine performance and the exhaust emissions. By reducing the heat loss of a cylinder bore, a higher thermal efficiency of an engine can also be improved by applying a surface thermal insulation, namely; thermal barrier coating (TBC). Thus, in this study, a ceramic based TBC, yttria partially stabilised zirconia (YPSZ) coating was used to compare with conventional tin coated (Na2SnO3) and uncoated piston crown in terms of heat concentration. Moreover, a set of average value of combustion temperature of a CNGDI engine was selected. Detailed analyses using a finite element analysis (FEA) technique was utilised in order to determine the location of hotspots via distribution profiles of temperature. It was noted that the maximum heat flux of the uncoated piston crown was much higher than that of tin coated and YPSZ coated piston crown. Heat flux value reached about 62% of decrement due to lower conductivity levels of piston crown.
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Zhang, Liang Feng, Ji Ming Yi, and Jin Yang. "The 3D Parametric Modeling and Simulation of SL1126 I.C.Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 422 (September 2013): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.422.132.
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Based on SL1126 internal combustion engine, using development mode based on secondary development with the underlying language (VC++6.0) and large scale software package, we study the overall structure of simulation system of internal combustion engine assembling, and build the parameterized model of internal combustion engine. And then, with the model, we perform transient analysis on the crank-link mechanism of the internal combustion engine via many-body dynamics, getting the life, velocity and change pattern of acceleration of piston. The analysis data can direct the improvement of internal combustion engine.
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Marchenko, A. P., V. O. Pylyov, O. U. Linkov, and S. V. Lykov. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE CREEP OF PISTON ALUMINUM ALLOYS." Internal Combustion Engines, no. 2 (July 26, 2021): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.06.
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The paper deals with the issues of reliability of piston materials in the process of increasing engine power. It is precisely the increase in the liter power of engines while ensuring environmental and economic requirements that is today one of the main areas of work in engine manufacturing. Studies have shown that material creep has significantly affects on the reliability of internal combustion engine parts. The most thermally loaded engine element is a piston. The main critical areas for it can be identified: the edge of the combustion chamber, the area of the piston rings and the piston skirt. The appearance of seizures on the piston skirt is sometimes observed even during the engine initial tests at the engine power increasing. Thus, we can speak about the relevance of the problem of identifying the reasons for reaching the critical state of the piston material. Based on these data, it becomes possible to develop measures to ensure the reliable operation of the piston. Among the most common materials for the manufacture of pistons are aluminum alloys AL25 and AK4. The chemical composition of these alloys varies considerably. The study obtained coefficients for calculating the creep rate for these materials. The identification of the calculation of the creep deformation of aluminum alloys at different stress levels, for different temperatures is carried out. The upper boundary of the region of model adequacy in terms of temperatures and stresses is determined. The creep rate of aluminum alloys is analyzed at different temperatures. In the conclusions, a comparison of the piston materials is made and the advantages of the AK4 alloy in comparison with the AL25 alloy, which are coming out when the engine power is increased, are indicated. The direction of further research is also indicated, which is associated with the analysis of the deformation of the considered materials at the first stage of creep.
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Lin, Ji Jing, and Yan Hong Chen. "The Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Micro Free Piston Swing Engine’s Strain Interference." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.938.
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MFPSE, Micro Free Piston Swing Engine, is a new type of miniature internal combustion engine based on the working principle of two-stroke swing engine. The successful development and operation of this type of miniature internal combustion engine provide important significance for the miniaturization of the internal combustion engine, and provide a number of important research theory, computation method and experimental data. In this article, according to the work characteristics and co-ordination requirements of MFPSE (Micro Free Piston Swing Engine), whose strain interference is analyzed using finite element analysis software, the problems and interference of the center pendulum and cylinder is found evidently. The data of analysis provides theory basis for the MFPSE’s structural optimization, and is critical to improve the performance of MFPSE.
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Gots, A. N., and S. A. Glinkin. "Analysis of methods for improvement of thermal stability of pistons of tractor diesel engines." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 12 (December 15, 2016): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66282.
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The article considers the applied methods for improving the thermal strength of pistons of internal combustion engines. Tractor diesels with combustion chamber in the piston have the greatest rate of temperature change at load rise and release, as well as the highest values of temperature gradients. The highest thermal loads occur in pistons with a semi-open combustion chamber. Periodic thermal loads with high value of temperature gradient lead to thermal fatigue fractures. Such fractures may begin with the appearance of cracks on the edge of combustion chamber. The presence even of a small crack on the edge of combustion chamber leads to its further growth, which can cause the destruction of piston. The main causes of cracks formation on the edge of combustion chamber are the alternating stresses induced from alternating gas pressure in cylinder during the working cycle; the low-frequency oscillations of the piston temperature arising from the changing of operation modes of engine; the high-frequency cyclical thermal oscillations caused by the temperature change of material in the surface layer of combustion chamber for each working cycle. The most common design and technology solutions improving the thermal strength of pistons are the following ones: the change of the edge radius of combustion chamber throat; the reinforcement of combustion chamber edge with more heat-resistant materials; the use of materials with high thermal stability for manufacture of pistons; the artificial heat insulation of piston or its cooling by oil. The disadvantage of use of cooling oil gallery is the acceleration of oil aging process. The alternative solution is to limit the heat supply to the walls of combustion chamber by means of heat protection coating applied by gas-flame, detonation or electric-arc way. The easiest way to improve the thermal strength of diesel piston with a semi-open combustion chamber is the design change.
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Wang, Lei, Zhenfeng Zhao, Chuncun Yu, Fujun Zhang, and Changlu Zhao. "Energy and exergy analysis of hydraulic free-piston engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 3074–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018816543.
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A hydraulic free-piston engine is an unconventional reciprocating piston internal combustion engine in which the piston assembly motion is determined by in-cylinder gas pressure and load force. Fuel combustion energy is directly converted into hydraulic energy. These affect the work process of cylinder and efficiency of energy conversion. In order to study the energy utilization efficiency and to explore the recovery potential of waste heat energy of hydraulic free-piston engine, in this paper, the energy distribution and waste heat energy characteristics of hydraulic free-piston engine have been studied by combining energy and exergy analysis. The thermal efficiency was analyzed by the first law of thermodynamics, and exergy balance was analyzed by the second law. The effect of the characteristic parameters on the thermal and exergy efficiency was studied through the simulation analysis comparing the energy utilization of hydraulic free-piston engine and conventional engines. The results show that control of the injection timing parameter is effective for optimizing efficiency because the cycle characteristic parameters can be controlled by changing the injection timing. The experimental results show that the thermal efficiency is 40.8% and the exergy efficiency is 46.3%. The simulation result show that the thermal efficiency of hydraulic free-piston engine is 38.0% and the conventional diesel engine is 33.0%.
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Kohashi, Ken-ichi, Yuichiro Kimura, Motoichi Murakami, and Yann Drouvin. "Analysis of Piston Friction in Internal Combustion Engine." SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 6, no. 3 (October 14, 2013): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2515.
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Raffai, Peter, Pavel Novotný, and Jozef Dlugoš. "Computer Simulation of the Behavior of the Piston Ring Pack of Internal Combustion Engines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 821 (January 2016): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.821.166.
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The continuously tightening regulations limiting the amount of exhaust gas components of internal combustion engines force the manufacturers to further increase the effectivity of their power units. Due to the already relatively highly-developed state of engines result in the need of research and development of even smaller engine parts – e.g. piston rings. The main aim of this project was to develop a tool for the computer simulation of the behavior of the piston ring pack, which could aid the optimization process of the piston ring pack towards lowered friction losses.
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Berdnikov, A. A. "Processes occurring in an engine with an unconventional duty cycle." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 11, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66874.
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An internal combustion engine is a thermal machine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy. Currently, the existing engines operate in cycles of Otto, Diesel and Sabate-Trinkler. Such cycles are usually called traditional. As is known, traditional internal combustion engines do not have a high coefficient of efficiency due to large losses of heat with exhaust gases, heat removal to the cooling system, etc. The reserves of increasing the efficiency are very high. However, modern engine building has reached a high level and further improvement of the working process in traditional cycles is already ineffective. The article proposes a non-traditional seven-stroke internal combustion engine and examines the processes occurring in the cylinders of such an engine. In the main cylinder of the engine, the working cycle proceeds as in a traditional four-stroke internal combustion engine: at the first stroke, there is an intake, on the second stroke - compression, on the third - combustion and operating stroke, but in the fourth cycle the exhaust gases are not diverted from the cylinder, but are sent to an additional cylinder - there is a continued expansion of gases (operating stroke). At the fifth bar, the exhaust gases are compressed in an additional cylinder, and water is supplied at the end of the compression. Selecting heat from the heated parts of the cylinder-piston group and compressed gases, the water evaporates, and the expanding steam performs useful work (the sixth stroke is the operating stroke). At the seventh stroke, the piston moves to the top dead center, displacing the steam with the exhaust gases. Preliminary calculations showed that the maximum pressure of the seven-cycle operating cycle of the internal combustion engine can reach up to 20 MPa, this increases the power and fuel economy of the engine. The injection of water somewhat reduces the maximum cycle temperature and the toxicity of the exhaust gases. Such advantages give reason for the implementation of the working cycle of the internal combustion engine in a seven-cycle scheme.
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Mikalsen, R., E. Jones, and A. P. Roskilly. "Predictive piston motion control in a free-piston internal combustion engine." Applied Energy 87, no. 5 (May 2010): 1722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.11.005.
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Тимошевський, Борис Георгійович, Олександр Сергійович Митрофанов, Андрій Станіславович Познанський, and Аркадій Юрійович Проскурін. "АНАЛІЗ КОНСТРУКЦІЇ ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИГОТОВЛЕННЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНИХ РОТОРНО-ПОРШНЕВИХ ДВИГУНІВ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 4 (August 28, 2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.4.04.
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The article discusses the main directions of development of creating new modern and improving existing rotary piston engines. The need for a systematic analysis of existing similar engine designs is established to separate and systematize their advantages and disadvantages at the design stage. As an analysis of the design and manufacturing technology of the existing most promising rotary piston engines, turbocompressor-type circuits with a movable cylinder block is considered, the engines in which the combustion takes place outside the working cylinder, the drum-piston type with movable combustion chambers, rotary expanders, etc. It is established that the structure of the housing of rotary piston engines with an internal cylindrical surface, in which the rotor with working cylinders is located, allows the creation of economical and compact engines. This structure of the engines allows you to reduce vibration and make them safer to use. A comparison of the mechanisms of motion of existing rotary piston engines. Based on the analysis of existing schemes and the design of modern rotary piston engines, a sample of a new design 12 RPE-4.4/1.75 rotary piston engine is designed. The design and basic parameters of a new model of the 12 RPE-4.4/1.75 rotary piston engine with adjustable spool air distribution are presented. The engine has twelve evenly spaced cylinders, provides a balanced engine, and the ability to start at any position of the rotor. The design of the engine designed provides for a central control cam shaft, the rotation of which allows you to adjust the valve timing and engine operation due to the degree of filling of the cylinder in a fairly wide range. A feature of the design of the engine is also that the control cam allows you to change the direction of rotation of the central rotor. It was found that the design of the crank mechanism of the 12 RPE-4.4/1.75 engine is simple in structure and production technology, as well as more reliable compared to similar existing rotary piston engines.
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CHMIELEWSKI, Tomasz, and Katarzyna ZIELIŃSKA. "SURVEY OF REMOTELY CONTROLLED LABORATORIES FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION." Applied Computer Science 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/acs-2017-08.
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The article presents the modeling and simulation of the crank-piston model of internal combustion engine. The object of the research was the engine of the vehicle from the B segment. The individual elements of the gasoline engine were digitizing using the process of reverse engineering. After converting the geometry, assembling was imported to MSC Adams software. The crank-piston system was specified by boundary conditions of piston forces applied on the pistons crowns. This force was obtain from the cylinder pressure recorded during the tests, that were carried out on a chassis dynamometer. The simulation studies allowed t determine the load distribution in a dynamic state for the selected kinematic pairs.
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Gleizer, A. I. "Piston Engine with Internal Recuperation of Exhaust Gases." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 3, no. 2 (January 20, 2009): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69557.
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