Relevant bibliographies by topics / Internal combustion engines Lubrication

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Internal combustion engines Lubrication'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Internal combustion engines Lubrication"

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Delprete, Cristiana, and Abbas Razavykia. "Piston dynamics, lubrication and tribological performance evaluation: A review." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 5 (2018): 725–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418787610.

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Mechanical power loss of lubricated and bearing surfaces serves as an attractive domain for study and research in the field of internal combustion engines. Friction reduction at lubricated and bearing surface is one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce gas emission and improve internal combustion engines’ efficiency. This thus motivates automotive industries and researchers to investigate tribological performance of internal combustion engines. Piston secondary motion has prime importance in internal combustion engines and occurs due to unbalanced forces and moments in a plane normal to the wrist pin axis. Consequently, piston executes small translations and rotations within the defined clearance during the piston reciprocating motion. Mechanical friction power loss and lubrication at piston skirt/liner and radiated engine noise are dramatically affected by piston secondary dynamics. The lubrication mechanism, piston secondary motion and tribological performance are affected by piston design parameters (piston/liner clearance, wrist pin offset, skirt profile, etc.), lubricant rheology, oil transport mechanism and operating conditions. Therefore, this review is devoted to summarize the synthesis of main technical aspects, research efforts, conclusions and challenges that must be highlighted regarding piston skirt/liner lubrication and piston dynamics and slap.
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L. da Silva, R., M. M. Vieira, and S. X. De Brito Jr. "TWO-STROKE ENGINE BEHAVIOR (SMALL CHAINSAW) OPERATING WITH NON-COMMERCIAL FUEL BLENDS AND DIVERSE LUBRICATION." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 14, no. 2 (2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v14i2.62128.

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The paper presents results for experimental tests in a two-stroke internal combustions engine operating on commercial fuel (gasoline and ethanol blends), with different proportions in mineral oil for lubrication purposes. Appropriate instrumentation was used to carry out the measurement of the quantities of interest, namely fuel consumption (g/s), angular velocity (rpm) and emissions (CO2 and NOx). The methodology was based on regulations from INMETRO (motor vehicles energy conversion efficiency) and ABNT (testing of internal combustion engines). Results obtained are analyzed and discussed for the fuel consumption versus angular velocity (g/s x rpm) for each combination fuel blend and lubricating oil (quantities). Main findings are that fuel consumption increases non linearly as angular velocity increases and as lubrication lowers, while emissions decreases as angular velocity increases. Lowest fuel consumption and emissions occurred, respectively, for A25/L1:25 and A25/L1:50 (commercial fuel and standard lubrication).
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Rundo, Massimo, and Nicola Nervegna. "Lubrication pumps for internal combustion engines: a review." International Journal of Fluid Power 16, no. 2 (2015): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14399776.2015.1050935.

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Holovach, Ihor, Lidiia Kasha, and Ivan Hudzii. "Individual drive of internal combustion engine lubrication system based on switched reluctance motor." Energy engineering and control systems 6, no. 2 (2020): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jeecs2020.02.146.

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The article analyses the modern lubrication systems for internal combustion engines. Systems with mechanical drive components that contain mechanical and electronic components have been found to have a number of disadvantages. In particular, when the internal combustion engine is started cold, when the viscosity of the oil is high, the hydrodynamic resistance characteristic rises sharply, which leads to high pressure at low speeds and the drive requires low pump speeds. Again, the increase in oil temperature causes a decrease in viscosity, the hydrodynamic resistance characteristic becomes flatter. This, in turn, reduces the pressure in the lubrication system and requires an increase in pump speed in order to keep the pressure constant. Based on the analysis, the requirements for lubrication systems are formulated and a separate lubrication system with forced oil supply is proposed in this paper. For the drive of pump lubrication system of the internal combustion engine, a switched reluctance motor is proposed and calculated. Such motor by its qualities is one of the most useful in this type of systems.
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Delprete, Cristiana, and Abbas Razavykia. "Piston ring–liner lubrication and tribological performance evaluation: A review." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 232, no. 2 (2017): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117706269.

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Internal combustion engines are at present used as the major power sources for transportation and power generator. Improvement of the internal combustion engine efficiency is expected due to strict environmental standards and energy costs. Any reduction in oil consumption, friction power losses and emissions results in improving engines’ performance and durability. Automotive industries have intense passion to increase engines’ efficiency to meet the fuel economy and emission standards. Many studies have been conducted to develop reliable approaches and models to understand the lubrication mechanisms and calculate power losses. This review paper summarizes the synthesis of the main technical aspects considered during modeling of piston ring–liner lubrication and friction losses investigations. The literature review highlights the effects of piston ring dynamics, components geometry, lubricant rheology, surface topography and adopted approaches, on frictional losses contributed by the piston ring-pack.
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Bouchehit, Bachir, Benyebka Bou-Saïd, and John Tichy. "Towards Ecological Alternatives in Bearing Lubrication." Lubricants 9, no. 6 (2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9060062.

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Hydrogen is the cleanest fuel available because its combustion product is water. The internal combustion engine can, in principle and without significant modifications, run on hydrogen to produce mechanical energy. Regarding the technological solution leading to compact engines, a question to ask is the following: Can combustion engine systems be lubricated with hydrogen? In general, since many applications such as in turbomachines, is it possible to use the surrounding gas as a lubricant? In this paper, journal bearings global parameters are calculated and compared for steady state and dynamic conditions for different gas constituents such as air, pentafluoropropane, helium and hydrogen. Such a bearing may be promising as an ecological alternative to liquid lubrication.
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Kim, Byung-Jik, and Kyung-Woong Kim. "Thermo-Elastohydrodynamic Analysis of Connecting Rod Bearing in Internal Combustion Engine." Journal of Tribology 123, no. 3 (2001): 444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1353181.

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A comprehensive method of thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis for connecting rod bearings is proposed, which includes thermal distortion as well as elastic deformation of the bearing surface. Lubrication film temperature is treated as a time-dependent, two-dimensional variable which is averaged over the film thickness, while the bearing temperature is assumed to be time-independent and three-dimensional. It is assumed that a portion of the heat generated by viscous dissipation in the lubrication film is absorbed by the film itself, and the remainder flows into the bearing structure. Mass-conserving cavitation algorithm is applied, and the effect of variable viscosity is included in the Reynolds equation. Simulation results of the connecting rod bearing of an internal combustion engine are presented. It is shown that the predicted level of the thermal distortion is as large as that of the elastic deformation and the bearing clearance, and that the thermal distortion has remarkable effects on the bearing performance. Therefore, the thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis is strongly recommended to predict the performance of connecting rod bearings in internal combustion engines.
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Ahmed Ali, Mohamed Kamal, Hou Xianjun, Richard Fiifi Turkson, and Muhammad Ezzat. "An analytical study of tribological parameters between piston ring and cylinder liner in internal combustion engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 230, no. 4 (2016): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419315605922.

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This paper presents a model to study the effect of piston ring dynamics on basic tribological parameters that affect the performance of internal combustion engines by using dynamics analysis software (AVL Excite Designer). The paramount tribological parameters include friction force, frictional power losses, and oil film thickness of piston ring assembly. The piston and rings assembly is one of the highest mechanically loaded components in engines. Relevant literature reports that the piston ring assembly accounts for 40% to 50% of the frictional losses, making it imperative for the piston ring dynamics to be understood thoroughly. This analytical study of the piston ring dynamics describes the significant correlation between the tribological parameters of piston and rings assembly and the performance of engines. The model was able to predict the effects of engine speed and oil viscosity on asperity and hydrodynamic friction forces, power losses, oil film thickness and lube oil consumption. This model of mixed film lubrication of piston rings is based on the hydrodynamic action described by Reynolds equation and dry contact action as described by the Greenwood–Tripp rough surface asperity contact model. The results in the current analysis demonstrated that engine speed and oil viscosity had a remarkable effect on oil film thickness and hydrodynamic friction between the rings and cylinder liner. Hence, the mixed lubrication model, which unifies the lubricant flow under different ring–liner gaps, is needed via the balance between the hydrodynamic and boundary lubrication modes to obtain minimum friction between rings and liner and to ultimately help in improving the performance of engines.
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Righes, Giuseppe, Attilio Garro, and Pasquale Mario Calderale. "Some considerations concerning lubrication in high-performance internal combustion engines." Tribotest 9, no. 3 (2003): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tt.3020090307.

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Wei, Nasha, James Gu, Fengshou Gu, et al. "An Investigation into the Acoustic Emissions of Internal Combustion Engines with Modelling and Wavelet Package Analysis for Monitoring Lubrication Conditions." Energies 12, no. 4 (2019): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040640.

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Online monitoring of the lubrication and friction conditions in internal combustion engines can provide valuable information and thereby enables optimal maintenance actions to be undertaken to ensure safe and efficient operations. Acoustic emission (AE) has attracted significant attention in condition monitoring due to its high sensitivity to light defects on sliding surfaces. However, limited understanding of the AE mechanisms in fluid-lubricated conjunctions, such as piston rings and cylinder liners, confines the development of AE-based lubrication monitoring techniques. Therefore, this study focuses on developing new AE models and effective AE signal process methods in order to achieve accurate online lubrication monitoring. Based on the existing AE model for asperity–asperity collision (AAC), a new model for fluid–asperity shearing (FAS)-induced AE is proposed that will explain AE responses from the tribological conjunction of the piston ring and cylinder. These two AE models can then jointly demonstrate AE responses from the lubrication conjunction of engine ring–liner. In particular, FAS allows the observable AE responses in the middle of engine strokes to be characterised in association with engine speeds and lubricant viscosity. However, these AE components are relatively weak and noisy compared to others, with movements such as valve taring, fuel injection and combustions. To accurately extract these weaker AE’s for lubricant monitoring, an optimised wavelet packet transform (WPT) analysis is applied to the raw AE data from a running engine. This results in four distinctive narrow band indicators to describe the AE amplitude in the middle of an engine power stroke. Experimental evaluation shows the linear increasing trend of AE indicator with engine speeds allows a full separation of two baseline engine lubricants (CD-10W30 and CD-15W40), previously unused over a wide range of speeds. Moreover, the used oil can also be diagnosed by using the nonlinear and unstable behaviours of the indicator at various speeds. This model has demonstrated the high performance of using AE signals processed with the optimised WPT spectrum in monitoring the lubrication conditions between the ring and liner in IC engines.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Internal combustion engines Lubrication"

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Bai, Dongfang Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Modeling piston skirt lubrication in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74901.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-147).<br>Ever-increasing demand for reduction of the undesirable emissions from the internal combustion engines propels broader effort in auto industry to design more fuel efficient engines. One of the major focuses is the reduction of engine mechanical losses, to which the friction of the piston skirt is one important contributor. Yet there lacks a sufficient understanding of the skirt lubrication behavior to effectively optimize the piston skirt system in practice. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop a comprehensive model to advance the predictability of the skirt friction while integrating all the dynamic behavior of the piston secondary motion and the structural deformation of the piston skirt and cylinder liner. Major contributions of this work are analysis of and development of a model for the oil transport and exchange of the piston skirt region and its surroundings. The new oil transport model is composed with two elements. First, the oil scraped into the chamfer region by the oil control ring during a down-stroke is tracked and its accumulation and release to the skirt region are modeled. Second, oil separation and re-attachment are allowed in the skirt region, breaking conventional full-attachment assumption in lubrication studies. The new oil transport model together with hydrodynamic and boundary lubrication model were coupled with piston secondary motion and structural deformation of the piston skirt and cylinder liner. For numerical efficiency and physics clarity, we used different discretization for the lubrication from the structural deformation. The final model is robust and efficient. The discussion of the model results is focused mainly on the oil transport. There exist a general pattern in available oil for skirt lubrication, namely, skirt tends to be starved when it travels at the upper portion of a stroke. Comparison with visualization experiment for oil accumulation patterns show consistency between model prediction and observation. This work represents a major step forward to realistically predicting skirt friction and the influence of all the relevant design and operational parameters. However, oil supply to the region below the piston skirt can largely influence the outcome of the friction prediction and its mechanism is system dependent. Additionally, simple treatment of the oil transport in the current model is merely a first step to modeling the complex fluid problems involved. Improvements of this model based on application and further analysis will make it a more powerful engineering tool to optimize the skirt system to minimize its undesirable outputs.<br>by Dongfang Bai.<br>Ph.D.
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Meng, Zhen Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Modeling of piston pin lubrication in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129019.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2020<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 120-121).<br>The piston pin joins the piston and the connecting rod to transfer the linear force on the piston to rotate the crankshaft that is the eventual power outlet of the engine. The interfaces between the piston pin and the pin bore as well as the connecting rod small end are one of the most heavily loaded tribo pairs in engines. Piston pin seizure still occurs often in the engine development and the solution often comes from applying expensive coatings. Furthermore, it has been found that the friction loss associated with the pin can be a significant contributor to the total engine mechanical loss. Yet, there lacks a basic understanding of the lubrication behavior of the pin interfaces. This work is aimed to develop a piston pin lubrication model with consideration of all the important mechanical processes. The model predicts the dynamics of the pin and the lubrication of the interfaces between the pin and pin bore as well as small end.<br>The model couples the dynamics of the pin with the structural deformation of the mating parts, the hydrodynamic and boundary lubrication of all the interfaces, and oil transport. The model is successfully implemented with an efficient and robust numerical solver with the second order accuracy to compute this highly stiff system. The preliminary results applying the model to a gasoline engine show that the boundary lubrication is the predominant contributor to the total friction. As a result, the interface with more asperity contact tends to hold the pin with it. Thus, the pin friction loss is coming from the interface with less contact. Solely from friction reduction point of view, ensuring efficient hydrodynamics lubrication in one interface is sufficient.<br>Furthermore, as the heavy load is supported in several small areas, mechanical and thermal deformation of all the parts are critical to load distribution, oil transport, and the generation of hydrodynamic and asperity contact pressure, providing the necessity of the elements integrated in the model. This work represents the first step to establishing a more comprehensive engineering model that helps the industry understand the pin lubrication and find cost-effective solutions to overcome the existing challenges.<br>by Zhen Meng.<br>Ph. D.<br>Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Taylor, Oliver. "Improving the performance of internal combustion engines through lubricant engineering." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4db8f32e-8260-4cff-ad57-08bfa0b9568e.

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Low friction lubricant development provides a worthwhile contribution to vehicle CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction. Conventional low friction lubricant development focuses on empirical processes using out dated engine technology and old test methods. This strategy is inefficient and restricts the lubricant's potential. A new method proposed in the present research combines tribological simulations with rig, engine and vehicle tests. This approach provides insights undocumented until now. The contribution to CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction from individual engine components on vehicle drive cycles that include warm-up is predicted using lubricants down to the new SAE 8 viscosity grade. A bearing model is used to design the lubricant's non Newtonian characteristics to achieve friction reduction. An isoviscous lubricant with a viscosity of 4.6 cSt is shown to achieve the minimum friction in the bearing. The research shows that by starting with lubricants having kinematic viscosities higher than this value, it is possible to improve lubricant performance by lowering viscosity index (VI), introducing shear thinning, or reducing the density and pressure viscosity coefficient. Conversely, for lubricants with lower starting viscosities it is shown that higher VI values, more shear-stable lubricants and higher densities and pressure viscosity coefficients are required. The model predicts that high oil film pressures occur in the bearing and cause significant local lubricant viscosity increase (300&percnt;), indicating that the lubricant's pressure viscosity behaviour is important here, despite the contact being conformal. Simulation and motored engine testing establishes lubricant behaviour in the piston-to-bore conjunction. This analysis identifies a poor correlation between measured and predicted values at low engine speeds. A rig-on-liner tribometer shows that this error is attributable to a deficiency in the simulation's characterisation of boundary regime friction. An oil pump test determines how a modern variable displacement oil pump (and its control system) responds to lowering viscosity. The hypothesis that low viscosity lubricants cause the parasitic load from this component to increase is disproven using this component-level rig test. Chassis dynamometer testing compares the CO<sub>2</sub> reduction performance of lubricant thermal management systems to the values achieved by reducing the viscosity grade. CO<sub>2</sub> reductions of between 0.4&percnt; and 1.0&percnt; are identified using a cold-start new European drive cycle (NEDC) with a 5W-30 preheated to 60&deg;C and 90&deg;C respectively. Reductions in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions between 0.4&percnt; and 1.2&percnt; are found on the NEDC by lowering the oil fill volume from 5.1 L to 2.1 L. For the unmodified case, a 3.7&percnt; reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions is reported by reducing the viscosity grade from a 5W 30 to an SAE 8 in the NEDC. The performance of a novel external oil reservoir is simulated to understand its ability to retain oil temperature during the vehicle cool-down procedure. An oil temperature of 65&deg;C at the end of the soak period (following a prior test where the oil was assumed to reach 90&deg;C) is predicted by installing insulation to the reservoir and indicates that a viable method to achieve the CO<sub>2</sub> benefits identified through lubricant preheating tests exists. A full vehicle model combines the outputs from each of these sub-models to predict lubricant performance on the NEDC the new World-wide harmonized light duty test cycle (WLTC). This new approach provides a tool that enables next generation low friction lubricants to be developed. The model predicts that an SAE 8 lubricant can reduce CO2 emissions by 2.8&percnt; on the NEDC and 1.9&percnt; on the WLTC compared to a 5W-30. A theoretical experiment, where all lubricant related friction was deleted from the simulation, predicts that lubricant-related CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are 8.7&percnt; on the NEDC and reduce to 6.3&percnt; on the WLTC. These results indicate that the planned adoption of the WLTC in September 2017 reduces the potential contribution to CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction from lubricants by 28&percnt;.
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McClure, Fiona. "Numerical modeling of piston secondary motion and skirt lubrication in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42289.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-241).<br>Internal combustion engines dominate transportation of people and goods, contributing significantly to air pollution, and requiring large amounts of fossil fuels. With increasing public concern about the environment and the reliability of oil supplies, automotive companies are pushed to improve engine design in order to reduce engine emissions and fuel consumption. This project aims to develop a numerical model of piston dynamics and lubrication in internal combustion engines, enabling prediction of friction generation at the piston -cylinder bore interface, and oil transport in the power cylinder system. It is currently estimated that the piston - cylinder bore friction accounts for up to 25% of the power loss in a typical engine, while oil transported to the combustion chamber by the piston and ring-pack contributes significantly to engine emissions. A dry piston model was first developed to allow fast calculation of approximate piston dynamics. An elastohydrodynamic lubrication model was then developed to allow direct numerical simulation of the effect of piston tooling marks, and comparison with results obtained using an Average Reynolds equation with flow factors. The lubrication model was incorporated into the piston dynamics model, enabling more accurate evaluation of friction and oil transport. Comparison between the dry and lubricated model results demonstrate the effect of oil film thickness on piston lateral motion, tilt, friction generation and oil transport.<br>by Fiona McClure.<br>Ph.D.
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Rangarajan, Bharadwaj. "Robust concurrent design of automobile engine lubricated components." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18897.

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Baelden, Camille. "A multi-scale model for piston ring dynamics, lubrication and oil transport in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92151.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 215-218).<br>Fuel consumption reduction of more than 20% can be achieved through engine friction reduction. Piston and piston rings contribute approximately half of the total engine friction and are therefore central to friction reduction efforts. The most common method to reduce mechanical losses from piston rings has been to lower ring tension, the normal force providing sealing between the piston ring and the cylinder liner. However tension reduction can result in additional lubricant consumption. The objective of this thesis is to understand and model the physical mechanisms resulting in flow of oil to the combustion chamber in order to achieve optimal designs of piston rings. The optimal design is a compromise between friction reduction and adequate gas and lubricant sealing performance. To do so a multi-scale curved beam finite element model of piston ring is developed. It is built to couple ring deformation, dynamics and contact with the piston and the cylinder. Oil flow at the interfaces between the ring and the cylinder liner and between the ring and the piston groove can thus be simulated. The piston ring model is used to study the sealing performance of the Oil Control Ring (OCR), whose function is to limit the amount of oil supplied to the ring pack. The contributions of the three main mechanisms previously identified, to oil flow past the OCR are quantified: - Deformation of the cylinder under operating conditions can lead to a loss of contact between the ring and the liner. - Tilting of the piston around its pin can force the OCR to twist and scrape oil from the liner. - Oil accumulating below the OCR can flow to the groove and leak on the top of the OCR The OCR is found to be flexible enough to limit the impact of cylinder deformation on oil consumption. Both ring scraping and flow through the OCR groove can contribute to oil consumption in the range of engine running conditions simulated. Reduction of scraping is possible by increasing the ability of both OCR lands to maintain contact with the liner regardless of piston groove tilt. The flow of oil through the OCR groove can be reduced by designing appropriate draining of oil in the groove and an adequate oil reservoir below the OCR. The piston ring oil transport model developed in this thesis will be a valuable tool to optimize ring pack designs to achieve further ring pack friction reduction without increasing oil consumption.<br>by Camille Baelden.<br>Ph. D.
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Chen, Haijie. "Modeling the lubrication of the piston ring pack in internal combustion engines using the deterministic method." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67578.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-133).<br>Piston ring packs are used in internal combustion engines to seal both the high pressure gas in the combustion chamber and the lubricant oil in the crank case. The interaction between the piston ring pack and the cylinder bore contributes substantially to the total friction power loss for IC engines. The aim of this thesis work is to advance the understanding of the ring liner lubrication through numerical modeling. A twin-land oil control ring lubrication model and a top two-ring lubrication model are developed based on a deterministic approach. The models take into consideration the effect of both the liner finish micro geometry and the ring face macro profile. The liner finish effect is evaluated on a 3D deterministically measured liner finish patch, with fully-flooded oil supply condition to the oil control rings and starved oil supply condition to the top two rings. Correlations based on deterministic calculations and proper scaling are developed to connect the average hydrodynamic pressure and friction to the critical geometrical parameters and operating parameters so that cycle evaluation of the ring lubrication can be performed in an efficient manner. The models can be used for ring pack friction prediction, and ring pack/liner design optimization based on the trade-off of friction power loss and oil consumption. To provide further insights to the effect of liner finish, a wear model is then developed to simulate the liner surface geometry evolution during the break-in/wear process. The model is based on the idea of simulated repetitive grinding on the plateau part of the liner finish using a random grinder. The model successfully captures the statistic topological features of the worn liner roughness. Combining the piston ring pack model and the liner finish wear model, one can potentially predict the long term ring pack friction loss. Finally the thesis covers the experimental validation of the twin-land oil control ring model using floating liner engine friction measurements. The modeled ring friction is compared with the experimental measurement under different ring designs and liner finishes. The result shows that the model in general successfully predicts the friction force of the twin-land oil control ring/liner pair.<br>by Haijie Chen.<br>Ph.D.
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Chen, Haijie. "Modeling of liner finish effects on oil control ring lubrication in internal combustion engines based on deterministic method." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44872.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-119).<br>Twin-land oil control ring is widely used in the automotive diesel engines, and is gaining more and more applications in the modern designs of gasoline engines. Its interaction with the cylinder liner surface accounts for around 10% of the total frictional losses within an internal combustion engine, and is the most important factor that affects the lubricant oil consumption. A twin-land oil control ring model is developed based on the deterministic hydrodynamic method by Li et al. [31] and the Greenwood Tripp asperity contact model [39]. Unlike the traditional methods of piston ring pack modeling determined by the ring face macro profile which hardly exists on the twin-land oil control ring, the model considers the liner finish micro geometry, and uses a correlation method to predict the behavior of the ring liner interaction in both frictions losses and oil control. The model is used to study the effect of some key design parameters of the twin-land oil control ring, including the unit load pressure, the ring tension and the ring axial land width. The results show a large potential of the model in the optimization of the twin-land oil control ring design. Although many non-conventional cylinder liner finishes are now being developed to reduce friction and oil consumption, the effects of surface finish on ring-pack performance is not well understood. To solver this mystery, the twin-land oil control ring model and Li's deterministic hydrodynamic model are used to study the effect of the liner finish micro geometry. Several key parameters of liner finish texture are examined, and the analytical results show important effects of some of these key parameters on the twin-land oil control ring friction losses as well as the lubricant oil control.<br>(cont.) These key parameters include the surface wavelength of the plateau part, the frequency of deep valleys and the honing cross-hatch angle. This thesis work has opened a window on the deterministic study of the functionality of cylinder liner surface texture.<br>by Haijie Chen.<br>S.M.
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Gu, Chongjie. "Modeling of two-body fatigue wear of cylinder liner in internal combustion engines during the break-in period and its impact on engine lubrication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111760.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 104-108).<br>Internal combustion engines are widely utilized in modem automobiles. Around 10% of the total fuel energy is dissipated to heat due to mechanical friction, among which 20% is caused by the contact between the cylinder liner and the piston rings. The wear of cylinder liner not only leads to surface damage, but also results in the change of liner lubrication conditions. Therefore, a large number of tests are performed by researchers to investigate the liner wear process and its impact on engine lubrication. This work is the first step toward developing a wear model to predict the evolution of liner roughness and ring pack lubrication during break-in period. A physics-based liner wear model is built in this work, with focus on two mechanisms: surface plastic flattening and fatigue wear. Both mechanisms are simulated through a set of governing equations and are coupled together to complete the algorithm of the liner wear model. Simulations of break-in wear are performed to different liner surfaces finishes, with different external normal pressures. Simulation results indicate that the liner wear rate depends on the size and shape of liner surface asperities, which may provide guidance for surface manufacturing. The results also show consistence with the Archard's wear law, describing the proportional correlation between normal pressure and steady state wear rate. This wear model is then used to study the influence of liner wear on engine lubrication. Through the friction for entire engine cycles, simulated results are compared with experimental friction measurements. The comparison shows that the calculated friction evolution during break-in has the same trend and comparable magnitude as the measurements, indicating the efficiency of the wear model. Some initial work of modeling of third-body abrasive wear is also discussed in this thesis.<br>by Chongjie Gu.<br>S.M.
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Gu, Chongjie. "Modeling of two-body fatigue wear of cylinder liner in internal combustion engines during the break-in period and its impact on engine lubrication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111760.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 104-108).<br>Internal combustion engines are widely utilized in modem automobiles. Around 10% of the total fuel energy is dissipated to heat due to mechanical friction, among which 20% is caused by the contact between the cylinder liner and the piston rings. The wear of cylinder liner not only leads to surface damage, but also results in the change of liner lubrication conditions. Therefore, a large number of tests are performed by researchers to investigate the liner wear process and its impact on engine lubrication. This work is the first step toward developing a wear model to predict the evolution of liner roughness and ring pack lubrication during break-in period. A physics-based liner wear model is built in this work, with focus on two mechanisms: surface plastic flattening and fatigue wear. Both mechanisms are simulated through a set of governing equations and are coupled together to complete the algorithm of the liner wear model. Simulations of break-in wear are performed to different liner surfaces finishes, with different external normal pressures. Simulation results indicate that the liner wear rate depends on the size and shape of liner surface asperities, which may provide guidance for surface manufacturing. The results also show consistence with the Archard's wear law, describing the proportional correlation between normal pressure and steady state wear rate. This wear model is then used to study the influence of liner wear on engine lubrication. Through the friction for entire engine cycles, simulated results are compared with experimental friction measurements. The comparison shows that the calculated friction evolution during break-in has the same trend and comparable magnitude as the measurements, indicating the efficiency of the wear model. Some initial work of modeling of third-body abrasive wear is also discussed in this thesis.<br>by Chongjie Gu.<br>S.M.
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Books on the topic "Internal combustion engines Lubrication"

1

Nadolny, Karol. Niezawodnościowe problemy eksploatacyjnych zmian jakości silnikowych olejów smarowych. Wydawn. Politechniki Poznańskiej, 1985.

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Hsu, S. M. Lubrication technology for advanced engines: An assessment of industrial needs. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993.

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Bonneau, Dominique, Aurelian Fatu, and Dominique Souchet. Internal Combustion Engine Bearings Lubrication in Hydrodynamic Bearings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119005025.

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Serdecki, Wojciech. Wpływ pierścieni uszczelniających na kształtowanie filmu olejowego na gładzi cylindrowej silnika spalinowego: Badania podstawowe. Wydawn. Politechniki Poznańskiej, 1990.

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Fox, M. F. Bibliography on engine lubricating oil. Gower, 1987.

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Iskra, Antoni. Rozkład filmu olejowego na gładzi cylindrowej silnika tłokowego: Badania podstawowe. Wydawn. Politechniki Poznańskiej, 1987.

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Martyni͡uk, N. P. Rat͡sionalʹnoe ispolʹzovanie motornykh masel v avtotraktornykh dvigateli͡akh. Shtiint͡sa, 1992.

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Merkisz, Jerzy. Studium problemu zużycia oleju w czterosuwowych silnikach spalinowych. Wydawn. Politechniki Poznańskiej, 1989.

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American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Technical Conference. Proceedings of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference: Presented at 2009 ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, September 27-30, 2009, Lucerne, Switzerland. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010.

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American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Technical Conference. Proceedings of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference -- 2010: Presented at ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, September 12-15, 2010, San Antonio, Texas. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Internal combustion engines Lubrication"

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Harperscheid, Manfred. "Lubricants for Internal Combustion Engines." In Lubricants and Lubrication. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527645565.ch9.

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Bonneau, Dominique, Aurelian Fatu, and Dominique Souchet. "The Engine Block-Crank Shaft Link." In Internal Combustion Engine Bearings Lubrication in Hydrodynamic Bearings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119005025.ch4.

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Bonneau, Dominique, Aurelian Fatu, and Dominique Souchet. "Influence of Input Parameters and Optimization." In Internal Combustion Engine Bearings Lubrication in Hydrodynamic Bearings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119005025.ch5.

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Bonneau, Dominique, Aurelian Fatu, and Dominique Souchet. "Kinematics and Dynamics of Crank Shaft-Connecting Rod-Piston Linkage." In Internal Combustion Engine Bearings Lubrication in Hydrodynamic Bearings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119005025.ch1.

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Bonneau, Dominique, Aurelian Fatu, and Dominique Souchet. "The Crank Shaft-Connecting Rod Link." In Internal Combustion Engine Bearings Lubrication in Hydrodynamic Bearings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119005025.ch2.

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Bonneau, Dominique, Aurelian Fatu, and Dominique Souchet. "The Connecting Rod-Piston Link." In Internal Combustion Engine Bearings Lubrication in Hydrodynamic Bearings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119005025.ch3.

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Liberman, Michael A. "Internal Combustion Engines." In Introduction to Physics and Chemistry of Combustion. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78759-4_11.

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Klett, David E., Elsayed M. Afify, Kalyan K. Srinivasan, and Timothy J. Jacobs. "Internal Combustion Engines." In Energy Conversion. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374192-11.

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Matthews, Ronald Douglas. "Internal Combustion Engines." In Mechanical Engineers' Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471777471.ch27.

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Roth, Lawrence O., and Harry L. Field. "Internal Combustion Engines." In An Introduction to Agricultural Engineering: A Problem-Solving Approach. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1425-7_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Internal combustion engines Lubrication"

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Schmitz, Stefan, and Ru¨diger Lennartz. "Filtration of Lubrication Oil in Railway Applications." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1442.

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Traditional designs, using cartridge filters for full-flow filtration, protect medium speed and high speed diesel engines from wear and keep the concentration of abrasive particles in the oil system down by collecting them out of the circulating oil flow. After several hundred running hours the filtration surface is saturated, the cartridges get exchanged and disposed. State of the art automatic filters protect the engines against wear with the same efficiency as the cartridge filters but the backflushing mechanism keeps the filtration surface clean and the lubrication circuit remains maintenance free. The lifetime of filter elements lasts during time before overhaul (TBO) of the engine itself and is at least 24,000 hrs. The job to discharge the particles out of the system is done by highly efficient centrifugal oil cleaners in by-pass operation which separate not only the particles retained by the automatic filter but also very fine solids like soot. Figure 1 shows an automatic filter in cooperation with two centrifugal oil cleaners build into the silhouette of the engine.
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Medjibovsky, Alexander S., Ivan P. Ksenevitch, Valentin A. Petrov, and Evgeny N. Sudarenko. "The Self-Regulated System of Lubrication of Internal Combustion Engines." In 1996 SAE International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exhibition. SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/961918.

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Fischer, Götz, and Stefan Schmitz. "Protect and Care (PaC) System for Lubrication Oil in Railway Applications." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1027.

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In 2006, an automatic lube oil filtration system with an automatic backflushing filter and a centrifuge for railway engines was already presented at the ASME spring technical conference in Aachen. The technical benefit of a centrifuge compared to a cartridge filter is the ability to collect smaller particles. The power to drive the centrifuge comes from the engine oil pressure. This engine oil pressure is dependent from the engine speed. Many operating profiles of locomotives are showing low engine speed and load e.g. while waiting in switchyard and under arctic weather conditions the engines keep idling even during “downtime”. Under those conditions a centrifuge is ineffective or even out of operation.
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Meng, Zhen, Tian Tian, and Ton Lubrecht. "A Numerical Model for Piston Pin Lubrication in Internal Combustion Engines." In SAE Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2228.

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Ning, Lipu, Xianghui Meng, and Youbai Xie. "Numerical Study of Piston Skirt-Liner Lubrication Considering the Effects of Deformation in Internal Combustion Engines." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92025.

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This paper presents a comprehensive lubrication model for piston skirt-liner system of internal combustion engines. In the model it is included that the effects of the surface roughness, the piston skirt surface geometry, the piston pin offset, the crankshaft offset, and the lubricant viscosity on the piston secondary motion and lubrication performance. Especially, the effects of the thermal and the elastic deformation of the piston skirt and the cylinder liner, and the piston skirt deformations due to the combustion pressure and the piston axial inertia, are considered as the key task in this study. The results show that the combustion force, the working temperature and the piston axial inertia all play important roles in the piston-skirt lubrication. Also, considering the elastic deformation of the piston skirt and the cylinder liner is beneficial to the prediction of piston-skirt lubrication more accurately. The developed program in this study can provide a useful tool for the analysis of the piston-liner system lubrication problem.
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Kikuhara, Koji, Akihiro Shibata, Akemi Ito, Dallwoo Kim, Yasuhiro Ishikawa, and Miyuki Usui. "A Study of the Effects of Biofuel Use on Piston Lubrication During Fuel Post Injection in a DI Diesel Engine." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60210.

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The reduction of both exhaust gases and carbon dioxide emissions is necessary to meet future emissions regulations for diesel engines. Exhaust after-treatment devices are gradually being applied to diesel engines to reduce exhaust gases. Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF), an after-treatment device for diesel engines, in some cases require post injection of fuel for its regeneration. Post injection is usually carried out at the mid point of the expansion stroke, and therefore causes fuel adhesion to the cylinder wall. However, using biofuels in a diesel engine is an effective way of reducing carbon dioxide emissions. It is well known that biofuels are chemically unstable, but the effects of biofuels on piston lubrication condition have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, piston lubrication condition during post injection in a single cylinder DI diesel engine using biofuel was investigated. Piston and ring friction forces were measured under engine operating conditions by means of a floating liner device to investigate the lubrication condition of the piston and rings. Both light fuel oil and biofuel were used in the measurements, with Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME) being used as the biofuel. Lubricating oil on the cylinder wall was also sampled under engine operating conditions and the effect of post injection on fuel adhesion to the cylinder wall was analyzed. It was found that the effect of post injection on fuel adhesion to the cylinder wall was remarkable around the Top Dead Center (TDC), and the fuel dilution rate reached approximately 90%. The results of the measurement of the piston friction forces showed that post injection caused an increase in the friction forces at the Compression TDC (CTDC) in the cases of both RME and light fuel oil, and the friction forces at CTDC increased according to the delay of the post injection timing. The increase in the piston friction forces was moderate in the case of RME. It seems that the higher viscosity and the oiliness of RME suppressed the increase in piston friction forces at TDC. The following effects were found in this study. Fuel post injection caused fuel adhesion to the cylinder wall. Such phenomena affected the lubrication condition of the piston. In the case of RME, the increase in the piston friction forces caused by post injection was smaller than that of light fuel oil, but the effects on piston lubrication condition in the case of using other biofuels needs to be investigated.
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Neto, Irineu Gandara, Katia Lucchesi Cavalca, and Antonio Carlos Bannwart. "Hydrodynamic Lubrication Applied to Bearings with Oscillating Motion in Internal Combustion Engines." In SAE Brasil 2005 Congress and Exhibit. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-4004.

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Agarwal, Avinash Kumar. "Lubricating Oil Tribology of a Biodiesel-Fuelled Compression Ignition Engine." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0609.

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Biodiesel is an alternative fuel derived from vegetable oils by modifying their molecular structure through transesterification process. Linseed oil methyl ester (LOME) was prepared using methanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide as catalyst. Use of linseed oil methyl ester in compression ignition engines was found to develop a very compatible engine-fuel system with lower emission characteristics. Two identical engines were subjected to long-term endurance tests, fuelled by optimum biodiesel blend (20% LOME) and diesel oil respectively. Various tribological studies on lubricating oil samples drawn at regular intervals for both engines were conducted in order to correlate the comparative performance of the two fuels and the effect of fuel chemistry on lubricating oil performance and life. A number of tests were conducted in order to evaluate comparative performance of the two fuels such as density measurement, viscosity measurements, flash point determination, moisture content determination, pentane and benzene insolubles, thin layer chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry etc. All these tests were used for indirect interpretation of comparative performance of these fuels. Biodiesel fuels performance is found to be superior to that of diesel oil and the lubricating oil life is found to have increased, while operating the engine on this fuel. NOTE: This paper was presented at the ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference but was printed in the ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine and Rail Transportation Divisions Fall Technical Conference proceedings, pages 427–441. It should appear under the Lubrication and Friction heading.
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Saxton, David, Troy Kantola, Achim Adam, Maik Wilhelm, and Karl-Heinz Lindner. "Development of Engine Bearing Solutions for New High Output Automotive Engines." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35114.

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With the development of advanced engine technologies, which includes direct injected, turbo-charged, variable valve timed, flex-fuel, hybrid start-stop cycles and a general downsizing of engine architectures, bearing surface areas have decreased and connecting rod loading has increased. As a result, modern bearings experience decreased oil film thickness, more frequent non-hydrodynamic lubrication periods and higher surface sliding speeds. Subsequently, bearing applications demand an increase in fatigue and scuffing resistance. In response to this, two new complementary material developments are documented: one a new aluminum based lining material, the other a polymeric surface layer. The new lining material, called A-650, was developed to have improved fatigue strength relative to existing Al engine bearing lining options. Results for rig testing of fatigue and seizure resistance properties are provided, along with engine test evaluations using multiple fuels. The polymeric surface layer, a polyamideimide based resin called IROX™, is intended as a durable surface coating providing exceptional wear and seizure resistance under high sliding speed and start-stop conditions. Furthermore, an increase of the specific load capacity is achieved with aluminum based substrates. A description of the material, with test results, is included.
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Xu, H., M. D. Bryant, R. D. Matthews, et al. "Friction Predictions for Piston Ring-Cylinder Liner Lubrication." In ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2004-0885.

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This paper presents two piston ring and cylinder liner lubrication models and compares the friction predictions against the experimental results from a corresponding bench test. The first model aims to solve the average Reynolds equation with corrective flow factors, which describe the influence of surface irregularities on the lubricant flow under mixed lubrication condition. The second model takes account of the lubricant film rupture and cavitation. Meanwhile, a stochastic rough contact sub-model quantifies the relation between contact pressure and mean surface separation in both cases. Numerical results on the top compression ring simulation show that both models capture hydrodynamic, mixed, and boundary lubrication regimes, which depend on the real surface topographies of the piston ring and the cylinder liner. Whenever hydrodynamic action is insufficient to maintain the equilibrium position of the ring, the restoring force will be augmented by multi-asperity contacts lubricated by a thin boundary film. Total friction will originate mainly from shearing of viscous lubricant and shearing of asperity conjunctions. The purpose of this modeling effort is to compare both lubrication models to data from an experimental test-rig. This test rig eliminates many of the factors that can make analysis of predictions for real engine operating conditions difficult.
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Reports on the topic "Internal combustion engines Lubrication"

1

Litz, Marc, Neal Tesny, Lillian Dilks, and Leland M. Cheskis. Transient Electromagnetic Signals from Internal Combustion Engines. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400817.

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Robert W. Pitz, Michael C. Drake, Todd D. Fansler, and Volker Sick. Partially-Premixed Flames in Internal Combustion Engines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/817088.

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Gundersen, Martin A., and Paul Ronney. Transient Plasma Ignition for Small Internal Combustion Engines. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada578230.

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Geyko, Vasily, and Nathaniel Fisch. Enhanced Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines By Employing Spinning Gas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1129012.

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Som, Sibendu. Simulation of Internal Combustion Engines with High-Performance Computing Tools. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1337938.

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Takagi, Izumi. Applicability of LP/Natural Gas Mixture for Internal Combustion Engines. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-32-0015.

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Matthews, R. D., S. P. Nichols, and W. F. Weldon. The railplug: Development of a new ignitor for internal combustion engines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7164406.

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Cheng, Wai, Victor Wong, Michael Plumley, et al. Lubricant Formulations to Enhance Engine Efficiency in Modern Internal Combustion Engines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1351980.

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Eckerle, Wayne, Chris Rutland, Eric Rohlfing, Gurpreet Singh, and Andrew McIlroy. Research Needs and Impacts in Predictive Simulation for Internal Combustion Engines (PreSICE). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1291137.

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Mathis, William M. The Effects of Thermal Shock on Pressure Transducers in Internal Combustion Engines. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389240.

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