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Journal articles on the topic 'Internal Combustion Engines'
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1
Adil, H., S. Gerguri, and J. Durodola. "Evolution of Materials for Internal Combustion Engines Pistons." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230827.
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Piston is one of the most important components in an internal combustion engine which transfers combustion energy to the crankshaft via a connecting rod. Increase in an engine’s efficiency has somehow necessitated improvement in the piston. This improvement can be achieved by better piston design or using material with superior mechanical properties. Engineers have experimented with different materials for pistons since the introduction of internal combustion engines. This paper reviews the evolution of materials for pistons since the beginning of automotive industry to present day and analyses the properties that attracted engineers to use these materials. The paper also focuses on newly developed materials that have the potentials to replace current piston materials and the work that is taking place. The current trend of changing from diesel to petrol in small internal combustion engines and the affect this will have on piston materials has been analysed. Keywords: Aluminium, Combustion Engine, Nanostructured, Piston Material, Piston.
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Shang, Huichao, Li Zhang, Zhigang Tang, Jinlin Han, Yingzhang Wang, and Tao Zhang. "Combustion Test for the Smallest Reciprocating Piston Internal Combustion Engine with HCCI on the Millimeter Scale." Applied Sciences 14, no. 16 (August 21, 2024): 7359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14167359.
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Micro reciprocating piston internal combustion engines are potentially desirable for high-energy density micro power sources. However, complex subsystem functions hinder the downsizing of reciprocating piston internal combustion engines. The homogeneous charge compression-ignition (HCCI) combustion mode requires no external ignition system; it contributes to structural simplification of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engines under a micro space constraint but has not been adequately verified at the millimeter scale. The study used a millimeter-scale HCCI reciprocating piston internal combustion engine fueled by a mixture of kerosene, ether, castor oil, and isopropyl nitrate for combustion investigation. The test engine with a displacement of 0.547 cc is the smallest reciprocating piston internal combustion engine known to have undergone in-cylinder combustion diagnosis. It is observed that the HCCI combustion mode at the millimeter scale can realize stable combustion with excellent cooperation for the thermodynamic cycle under appropriate structural and operating conditions, which is essentially not inferior to those in conventional-sized reciprocating piston internal combustion engines. This finding helps the next step of scaling down reciprocating piston internal combustion engines.
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Ju, Canze. "Analysis of the Research Status of Internal Combustion Engines." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 53 (June 30, 2023): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v53i.9728.
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Since the internal combustion engine came out in the 1960s, it has become a relatively perfect machine through continuous improvement and development. Internal combustion engine has many advantages, such as thermal efficiency, high power, wide speed range, convenient matching and good mobility, so it has been widely used. All kinds of automobiles and tractors, agricultural machinery, engineering machinery and small mobile power stations in the world are powered by internal combustion engines. Ships, conventional submarines and some small aircraft are also propelled by internal combustion engines. The number of internal combustion engines in the world ranks first in the power machinery and plays a very important role in human activities. In the aspect of human technology, any successful invention can not be achieved overnight. The development of the internal combustion engine is the same. The internal combustion engine has gone through many stages of development and has been improved one after another. This paper mainly introduces the historical development of heat engines, and the improvement and use of different types of heat engines in the development.
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Marchenko, A. P., I. V. Parsadanov, and O. P. Strokov. "INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AND ENVIRONMENT." Internal Combustion Engines, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.2.01.
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Solution of energy and environmental problems is one of the main tasks of modern times. This paper points out the role of internal combustion engines, especially diesel engines, in the global energy sector and specifically in road transport, consumption of natural resources, negative impact on the environment and global warming. The directions for further improving the efficiency of diesel engines and power plants in road transport are given. These directions are related to the implementation of existing reserves to improve engine efficiency, design, manufacturability, environmental performance and the use of alternative fuels. The leading role of the internal combustion engine as a power plant for vehicles will be complemented in the future by the increased use of hybrid plants consisting of a diesel engine, electric generator, drive motors, energy storage, microprocessor control and optimum control systems. Hybrid plants will be used in passenger transport for urban and intercity haulage, to be installed on private vehicles. When adapted to hybrid plants transmissions, the concept of diesel engine improvement will change in the direction of providing higher operating efficiencies, economic and environmental performance in high boost modes while simplifying its design.
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Mahnaz Zameni, Mahdi Ahmadi, and Arash Talebi. "Estimation of the mean effective pressure of a spark ignition internal combustion engine using a neural network, considering the wall-wetting dynamics." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 19, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2024.19.2.0073.
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The management and development of internal combustion engines stand as critical pursuits within the automotive and related industries. Utilizing cylinder pressure as feedback, engine controllers rely on intricate systems to regulate performance. However, due to the inherent complexity and nonlinearity of engines, direct measurement of cylinder pressure through pressure sensors is costly and computationally demanding. Consequently, the need for accurate and detailed engine models becomes paramount. Neural networks offer a promising avenue for simulating internal combustion engines, combining speed and precision. By treating the engine as an enigmatic entity, neural networks can construct detailed models. This study aims to employ two types of neural networks—multilayer perceptron and radial basis functions—to train and build a model of an internal combustion engine. These networks will simulate and estimate the engine's mean suitable pressure, allowing for a comparison of their effectiveness. Prior to implementing the neural network architecture, an engine model was constructed in MATLAB to gather necessary training data. This preliminary step ensured a robust foundation for subsequent network design and implementation. In summary, this research focuses on leveraging neural networks to model internal combustion engines, utilizing both multilayer perceptron and radial basis functions to simulate engine behavior and estimate mean suitable pressure.
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Mahnaz, Zameni, Ahmadi Mahdi, and Talebi Arash. "Estimation of the mean effective pressure of a spark ignition internal combustion engine using a neural network, considering the wall-wetting dynamics." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 19, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 010–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13691597.
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The management and development of internal combustion engines stand as critical pursuits within the automotive and related industries. Utilizing cylinder pressure as feedback, engine controllers rely on intricate systems to regulate performance. However, due to the inherent complexity and nonlinearity of engines, direct measurement of cylinder pressure through pressure sensors is costly and computationally demanding. Consequently, the need for accurate and detailed engine models becomes paramount. Neural networks offer a promising avenue for simulating internal combustion engines, combining speed and precision. By treating the engine as an enigmatic entity, neural networks can construct detailed models. This study aims to employ two types of neural networks—multilayer perceptron and radial basis functions—to train and build a model of an internal combustion engine. These networks will simulate and estimate the engine's mean suitable pressure, allowing for a comparison of their effectiveness. Prior to implementing the neural network architecture, an engine model was constructed in MATLAB to gather necessary training data. This preliminary step ensured a robust foundation for subsequent network design and implementation. In summary, this research focuses on leveraging neural networks to model internal combustion engines, utilizing both multilayer perceptron and radial basis functions to simulate engine behavior and estimate mean suitable pressure.
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Bakhodir, Tursunbaev, Fayzullaev Khasan, and Tursunbaev Temur. "Checking the Mechanisms of Internal Combustion Engines for the Presence of Parasitic Forces Using a New Methodology." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20241201.14.
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This article presents the results of a study of internal combustion engines equipped with a crank mechanism according to the efficiency criterion using a new method for determining the operating efficiency of machines and engines. The study revealed the presence of parasitic forces in internal combustion engines equipped with a crank mechanism. The occurrence of parasitic forces present in internal combustion engines and the law of their dependence on the movement of the piston have been studied. As well as the negative impact of parasitic forces on engine efficiency. This article presents the main results of the study. As a result of the research, it was revealed that when converting the thermal energy generated in the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines equipped with a crank mechanism into mechanical work, more than 30% of the energy of the pressure force is spent on parasitic forces. The influence of the mechanical friction force (friction of the plain bearings) with the crankshaft on the effective torque was also studied. Thus, the inefficiency of internal combustion engines equipped with a crank mechanism has been theoretically and practically proven. Finally, recommendations are given for eliminating parasitic forces when designing new internal combustion engines. It is proposed to equip new internal combustion engines with mechanisms without parasitic forces. Equipping internal combustion engines with a mechanism that does not contain parasitic forces (that is, equipping them with more efficient mechanisms) significantly increases the possibility of efficient use of the thermal energy of the fuel introduced into the combustion chamber in internal combustion engines. Consequently, this increases the engine efficiency by 130%. or more. For internal combustion engines, a new mechanism is recommended that eliminates the loss of force and allows the use of rolling bearings. This feature of the new mechanism makes it possible to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines by another 4-6%. From previous studies it is known that the efficiency of a rolling bearing relative to a plain bearing is more than 2-3 times.
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Serhii, Kovalov. "DESIGNING THE SHAPE OF THE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS FOR GAS ENGINES CONVERTED ON THE BASIS OF THE DIESEL ENGINES." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 1 (104) (April 30, 2020): 23–31. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.198700.
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This paper describes the advantages of using gas motor fuels by vehicles, in particular liquefied petroleum gas, co MPared to conventional diesel fuel. The expediency of converting the diesel-based vehicles to gas internal combustion engines with spark ignition has been substantiated. The ways to reduce the degree of compression of the diesel engines when they are converted into gas internal combustion engines with spark ignition have been analyzed. It has been shown it is expedient, in order to convert the diesel engines into gas internal combustion engines with spark ignition, to use the Otto thermodynamic cycle with a decrease in the geometric degree of compression. Techniques to increase the combustion chamber volume have been analyzed, as well as the expediency of applying each of them to reduce the compression degree of the diesel engines with different types of non-separated combustion chambers. An open combustion chamber has been substantiated and designed in the form of an inverted axisymmetric «truncated cone», which made it possible to reduce the geometric compression degree only by increasing the volume of the combustion chamber in the piston. The designed shape of the combustion chamber allows the use and refinement of standard diesel pistons instead of producing special new gas pistons. The gas internal combustion engine of model D-240-LPG has been designed and fabricated, in which the liquefied petroleum gas is fed to the inlet pipeline. The engine is equipped with a contactless electronic ignition system with a movable voltage distributor, as well as pistons with the newly designed shape of the combustion chamber. The engine has been converted based on the D-240 diesel engine. The bench testing of the model D-240-LPG diesel engine has confirmed the expediency of converting the diesel engines to gas internal combustion engines using the Otto cycle. The tests have shown that the energy and economic parameters of the gas engine with the proposed shape of a combustion chamber correspond to the parameters of modern internal combustion engines with spark ignition. The results obtained make it possible to optimize the technology of re-equipping the diesel engines with gas ICEs and thus reduce its cost
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Gu, Chik Sum Jayden, Mingjian Xu, Xiao Tan, and Yanrong Zhao. "Comprehensive Comparison of Traditional Engines and Emerging Alternatives." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 72, no. 1 (May 24, 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/72/20240652.
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As the natural environment deteriorates, electric vehicles will gradually replace internal combustion engines that use traditional fossil fuels. This paper compares traditional engines to alternatives regarding efficiency, emissions, price, and market share. In brief, alternative engines have advantages over traditional internal combustion engines in terms of efficiency, emissions, and long-term overhead, as evidenced by rising market share. In 2022, the share of electric vehicles in global sales has reached 14%. Compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, electric vehicles have a higher well-to-wheel efficiency, up to more than twice of internal combustion engine vehicles. From a price perspective, electric vehicles have a higher original cost. However, lower maintenance costs allow electric vehicles to achieve the same cost as equivalent combustion engines in 5-8 years. Electric vehicles typically have low well-to-wheel and fuel emissions and are more sustainable. In the future, more research and development are needed for electric vehicles to make them suitable for most cities worldwide. At the same time, research into the traditional internal combustion engine should be addressed, as cleaner, more efficient engines such as the HCCI engines are already available for civilian use.
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Li, Haoran. "Analysis and Comparison of the Performances and Applications for the State-of-art Thermal Engines." Applied and Computational Engineering 98, no. 1 (November 8, 2024): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/98/2024fmceau0106.
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Abstract. As a matter of fact, the development of contemporary internal combustion engines focuses on enhancing fuel efficiency and reducing emissions due to stringent environmental regulations. With the rise of electric cars, the development of hybrid technologies has driven innovation in internal combustion engines, and many modern vehicles combine internal combustion engines with electric motors. In this study, it introduces three different types of thermal engines with latest application in different transportation. By analyzing the limitations of internal combustion engines like thermodynamic limits and emission causing air pollution, it points the direction of future efforts on thermal engines. According to the results, internal combustion engines can be improved by increasing compression ratio through optimizing design and using better fuel like hydrogen. This article hopes to provide a clear understanding of the advantages and limitations of internal combustion engines. For companies and researchers, especially in the automotive sector, it aims to support strategic decisions in engine design and deployment.
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Zheng, Daopeng. "Evolution of engines: From steam to turbojet." Theoretical and Natural Science 31, no. 1 (March 7, 2024): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/31/20241149.
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Engines, the mechanical workhorses powering modern societies, have a rich historical evolution, the Industrial Revolution marks a turning point, James Watts improvements, the rise of internal combustion engines, first with Nikolaus Ottos four-stroke cycle, later Rudolf Diesels compression-ignition engine. These engines fueled the automotive and aviation revolutions. In contrast, the Stirling engine, patented by Robert Stirling in 1816, offered a unique closed-cycle operation. Engines, from steam to internal combustion, continue to underpin technological advancements, shaping economies, industries, and daily life. This paper comprehensively analyzes the development and significance of four major engine types: the steam engine, the internal combustion engine, the Stirling engine, and the turbojet engine. The analysis encompasses various aspects, including their principles of operation, historical contexts, and practical applications. The paper concludes that these engines have played pivotal roles in shaping human history and technological progress. From the steam engines impact on industrialization to the internal combustion engines revolution of transportation, the Stirling engines potential for sustainable power generation, and the turbojet engines transformation of aviation and military capabilities, each engine type has made a unique and vital contribution to our worlds advancement. This narrative of engine evolution reflects human ingenuity and our ceaseless pursuit of technological innovation.
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Liu, Mengfei. "Application and Characteristics of Hydrogen in Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines." Trends in Renewable Energy 10, no. 2 (2024): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17737/tre.2024.10.2.00173.
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Petroleum has been used as the power source for internal combustion engines for hundreds of years. Nowadays, the problems of fossil energy shortage and environmental pollution are becoming increasingly serious. In response to China's carbon neutrality strategy, it is urgent to seek alternative fuels that can replace petroleum as the power source of internal combustion engines. The challenges of alternative fuels include reducing post-combustion pollutant emissions and being able to recycle them while maintaining the original engine performance. Using hydrogen as fuel can reduce automobile exhaust emissions, promote the development of hydrogen internal combustion engines, and achieve sustainable social and economic development. This article reviews the ideality of hydrogen as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines and the combustion characteristics of hydrogen internal combustion engines. The bottleneck problems (such as abnormal combustion, NOx emission control and power recovery) that need to be solved urgently in the development of hydrogen internal combustion engines are pointed out. It’s found that these problems can be solved by the combination of software simulation and experimental verification in practice.
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Yin, Ruoyu. "Current situation and looking-forward advancement of internal combustion engine." Applied and Computational Engineering 26, no. 1 (November 7, 2023): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/26/20230835.
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With a history of over 100 years, the internal combustion engine has undergone continuous technological advancements, making it widely utilized in various sectors such as industry, agriculture, and transportation. This is due to its high thermal efficiency and broad power range. However, the rapid growth of the global economy has led to a significant increase in the number of internal combustion engines, resulting in heightened energy consumption and environmental pollution concerns. Consequently, new technical requirements have been imposed on internal combustion engines. One key focus for researchers in this field has been improving the fuel economy of internal combustion engines. Through relentless efforts, remarkable progress has been made in producing economy cars with fuel consumption as low as 3 liters per 100 Km. Additionally, the growing demand for environmental protection has sparked increased attention toward reducing harmful emissions from internal combustion engines, which has become a topic of shared concern. In this article, the researcher will delve into the developmental journey of traditional internal combustion engines and explore the advantages and disadvantages of each engine type.
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DAHOU, Gédéon Marlein, David G. F. ADAMON, and Tognon Clotilde GUIDI. "Prospective Study of the Main Internal Combustion Engines Running on Hydrogen: State of the Art." International Journal of Research and Review 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2024): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240426.
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Several studies have revealed the high GHG emissions of the road sector compared with other sectors. One alternative is to replace fossil fuels with others that are less harmful to the environment. Hydrogen is positioned as an adaptable solution for existing engines, especially internal combustion engines. This article presents an analysis of internal combustion engines and the different fuels used to date. In addition, the properties of hydrogen, and the current state of research into the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines, are discussed. After a presentation of the properties of hydrogen, it goes on to describe the hydrogen combustion process, the possible anomalies caused by its properties, and a few possible modifications for adapting an internal-combustion engine to hydrogen, initially using either gasoline or diesel. Keywords: Hydrogen - Engine design - Combustion - Sustainable development - Vehicle
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Tran, Viet Dung, Prabhakar Sharma, and Lan Huong Nguyen. "Digital twins for internal combustion engines: A brief review." Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 2, 2023): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.61435/jese.2023.5.
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The adoption of digital twin technology in the realm of internal combustion (IC) engines has been attracting a lot of interest. This review article offers a comprehensive summary of digital twin applications and effects in the IC engine arena. Digital twins, which are virtual counterparts of real-world engines, allow for real-time monitoring, diagnostics, and predictive modeling, resulting in improved design, development, and operating efficiency. This abstract digs into the creation of a full virtual depiction of IC engines using data-driven models, physics-based simulations, and IoT sensor data. The study looks at how digital twins can potentially be used throughout the engine's lifespan, including design validation, performance optimization, and condition-based maintenance. This paper emphasizes the critical role of digital twins in revolutionizing IC engine operations, resulting in enhanced reliability, decreased downtime, and enhanced emissions control through a methodical analysis of significant case studies and innovations.
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Gao, Wenzhi, Zhen Fu, Yong Li, Yuhuai Li, and Jiahua Zou. "Progress of Performance, Emission, and Technical Measures of Hydrogen Fuel Internal-Combustion Engines." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 7401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197401.
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To achieve the goals of low carbon emission and carbon neutrality, some urgent challenges include the development and utilization of low-carbon or zero-carbon internal combustion engine fuels. Hydrogen, as a clean, efficient, and sustainable fuel, has the potential to meet the abovementioned challenges. Thereby, hydrogen internal combustion engines have been attracting attention because of their zero carbon emissions, high thermal efficiency, high reliability, and low cost. In this paper, the opportunities and challenges faced by hydrogen internal-combustion engines were analyzed. The progress of hydrogen internal-combustion engines on the mixture formation, combustion mode, emission reduction, knock formation mechanism, and knock suppression measures were summarized. Moreover, possible technical measures for hydrogen internal-combustion engines to achieve higher efficiency and lower emissions were suggested.
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Зезюлин, Denis Zezyulin, Макаров, Дорохин, Sergey Dorokhin, Клубничкин, Evgeniy Klubnichkin, Клубничкин, and Vladislav Klubnichkin. "CREATING ENERGY-EFFICIENT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 3, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18834.
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The paper presents various versions of the energy efficient designs of internal combustion engines operating on liquid hydrocarbon fuels. In the present designs of engines uses a nano material to pass into the combustion chamber for the combustible mixture only pure oxygen, with nitrogen being passed that will significantly improve thermal process in the engine.
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Refik, Cevirme, and Isin Ovun. "Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Piston Cooling Gallery Design on Heat Transfer in an Internal Combustion Engine." International Journal of Engineering Research and Advanced Technology 5, no. 3 (March 23, 2019): 88–94. https://doi.org/10.31695/IJERAT.2019.3404.
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<em>Internal combustion engines are important machines that make human life easier. Internal combustion engines are developing day by day and higher power density engines are produced. Besides, strict standards of emission and fuel economy are forcing automotive manufacturers to produce environment-friendly engines. While manufacturers produce engines in accordance with these standards, they also do various studies in order not to reduce performance. One of the most important of these studies is the development of thermal management. Good cooling of internal combustion engine pistons, which are exposed to high pressures and temperatures during the combustion process, is an important consideration for the development of the thermal management.</em> <em>In this study; it is aimed to investigate the effect of design differences on piston cooling by using different designs for the cooling gallery located in the head region of an internal combustion engine piston. For this purpose, thermal analysis of an internal combustion engine piston was performed for different cooling gallery designs and the results of the analysis of each design were compared. In addition, the results of the analysis were compared with the heat transfer rates in the literature. </em>
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Okokpujie, I. P., A. O. Ojo, B. A. Adaramola, M. Oladimeji, R. I. Ogundele, and C. J. Abiodun. "Study of Corrosion, Wear, and Thermal Analysis of Materials for Internal Combustion Engines and their Compatibility: A Review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1322, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1322/1/012007.
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Abstract Several types of research have been carried out on using alternative biofuel in internal combustion engines to salvage the depletion of fossil fuels. While most of these studies focused on the emission characteristics and control of global warming, little attention has been given to the corrosion, wear, thermal behaviour, and compatibility of the internal combustion engine materials to biodiesel. Thus, this study focused on the various corrosion and wear mechanisms associated with the internal combustion engine components like piston and cylinder heads, as well as the thermal behaviour efficiencies of the engine after interaction with the biodiesel fuels. The review cut across the wear study of internal combustion engine materials in varying fuel environments. Thermal analysis of different materials applied for internal combustion engines for sustainable fuel media. Corrosion study of various materials employed in the application of ICE engines. Also, the study discusses some significant challenges related to the compatibility of ICE with biodiesel and gaseous fuels. The study’s outcome indicates that an adequate fuel blend with nano additives can help improve the combustion process, emission reduction, and thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine components. Furthermore, practical design in the internal combustion engine components like pistons will help compatibility with the material in the biodiesel blends, thus reducing wear, corrosion, and other failures associated with the internal combustion engine.
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Isaac, Oamen Festus, and Ofuafo Anthony Edema. "The Importance of Thermal Barrier Coating in Compression and Spark Ignition Engines." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 1738–42. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C6011.049420.
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This paper explains the importance of applying thermal barrier coating (TBC) technique in internal combustion engines by providing an effective way of reducing gas emission which are carbon monoxide (CO), oxide of nitrogen (NOX), hydrocarbon (HC) including particulate matter (PM) thereby increasing engine performance (brake thermal efficiency) achieved by applying coating layers on some internal combustion engine parts using materials with low thermal conductivities and matched coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE close to the substrate material) which are mainly ceramics. Energy demand for various activities of life is increasing on a daily basis. The world depends majorly on non-renewable energy sources from fossil fuels to meet these energy demands. To be comfortable in life, better means of transportation and provision of power are required. Compression and spark ignition engines which are also called Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) provide better transport facilities and power. However, combusting these fuels in automobile and stationary engines produces unfriendly atmosphere, contaminates water and air that are consumed by man. Pollution created as a result of combustion of gases in ICE is one of the worst man made contribution to atmospheric pollution.
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Cardoso, Daniel Silva, Paulo Oliveira Fael, Pedro Dinis Gaspar, and António Espírito-Santo. "An Innovative Mechanical Approach to Mitigating Torque Fluctuations in IC Engines during Idle Operation." Designs 8, no. 3 (May 17, 2024): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs8030047.
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Internal combustion engines have been a major contributor to air pollution. Replacing these engines with electric propulsion systems presents significant challenges due to different countries’ needs and limitations. An active, purely mechanical solution to the problem of irregular torque production in an alternative internal combustion engine is proposed. This solution uses an actuator built on a camshaft and a spring, which stores and returns energy during the engine operating cycle, allowing torque production to be normalized, avoiding heavy flywheels. Designed for control throughout the engine’s duty cycle, this system incorporates a cam profile and a spring mechanism. The spring captures energy during the expansion stroke, which is then released to the engine during the intake and compression strokes. Simple, lightweight, and efficient, this system ensures smoother and more consistent engine operations. It presents a viable alternative to the heavy and problematic dual-mass flywheels that were introduced in the 1980s and are still in use. This innovative approach could significantly enhance the performance and reliability of alternative internal combustion engines without notable energy losses.
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Shang, Huichao, Li Zhang, Bin Chen, and Xi Chen. "Experimental test and thermodynamic analysis on scaling-down limitations of a reciprocating internal combustion engine." Science Progress 103, no. 3 (July 2020): 003685042093573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420935731.
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Due to the enormous energy densities of liquid hydrocarbon fuels for future utilization on micro scale, there is a concern about the feasibility of scaling down reciprocating internal combustion engines from small scale to meso scale. By building a specialized test bench, the performance and combustion characteristics of a miniature internal combustion engine with a displacement of 0.99 cc were tested, and the thermodynamic simulation was carried out to achieve a more complete understanding of in-cylinder mass and energy change of the miniature internal combustion engine. The miniature internal combustion engine had higher brake-specific fuel consumption, lower thermal efficiency, lower brake mean effective pressure, and serious cyclic variation; however, friction mean effective pressure seems to be less sensitive to engine speed. Simulation results showed that the miniature internal combustion engine had a poor volumetric efficiency, which was not more than 50%. The step-by-step processes of scaling down the miniature internal combustion engine were also simulated; it was found that the maximum indicated mean effective pressure loss was due to the imperfection of gas exchange processes, and the next was the imperfection of combustion. It is considered that for the scaled-down miniature internal combustion engines, more attention should be pay on improving the processes of gas exchange and combustion, and achieving meso-scale internal combustion engines with cylinder bore less than 1 mm is thermodynamically possible in future if these imperfections, especially that of the gas exchange process, can be effectively perfected.
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PRISACARIU, Vasile, and Alexandru TUDOSIE. "CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING JET ENGINE COMBUSTOR PARAMETERS." Review of the Air Force Academy XX, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2022.20.1.6.
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The thermo-gas dynamics of fuel combustion in the combustor of aircraft engines involves thermochemical activity and combustion dynamics, but also the geometric volume of the combustion process. Research around the topic provides clues regarding the fluctuations of the combustor’s performance depending on the fuels used and the kinetics of the gas mixture determined by the internal geometry of the combustor, clues that can help initiate numerical approaches regarding the optimization of the mixture and combustion temperatures. The article proposes an approach to the combustion process in jet engines both from the perspective of the fuels used and from the perspective of combustion thermo-gas dynamics through numerical analyzes designed to highlight the relevant parameters and performances of the jet engine combustor.
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Mahnaz Zameni, Mahdi Ahmadi, and Arash Talebi. "Creating a neural network-based model to predict the exhaust gas temperature of the internal combustion engine." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.19.1.0147.
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The regulation and improvement of the performance of internal combustion engines is a continual primary focus of research and development activities conducted within the automobile industry and other relevant sectors. To succeed in reaching this objective, it is necessary to have an accurate and complete model of these engines. However, due to internal combustion engines' complex and nonlinear nature, accurately replicating their behavior may be challenging and time-consuming. Neural networks are a potentially useful strategy for simulating these engines successfully since they offer a solution that strikes a healthy balance between speed and precision. This research investigates the process of building a model of an internal combustion engine by using not one but two separate kinds of neural networks: multilayer perceptrons and radial basis functions. These neural networks aim to simulate and make predictions about the temperature of the engine's exhaust gas. They are especially useful for modeling nonlinear systems because of their incredible convergence speed and excellent accuracy levels.
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Mahnaz, Zameni, Ahmadi Mahdi, and Talebi Arash. "Creating a neural network-based model to predict the exhaust gas temperature of the internal combustion engine." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 079–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13482723.
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The regulation and improvement of the performance of internal combustion engines is a continual primary focus of research and development activities conducted within the automobile industry and other relevant sectors. To succeed in reaching this objective, it is necessary to have an accurate and complete model of these engines. However, due to internal combustion engines' complex and nonlinear nature, accurately replicating their behavior may be challenging and time-consuming. Neural networks are a potentially useful strategy for simulating these engines successfully since they offer a solution that strikes a healthy balance between speed and precision. This research investigates the process of building a model of an internal combustion engine by using not one but two separate kinds of neural networks: multilayer perceptrons and radial basis functions. These neural networks aim to simulate and make predictions about the temperature of the engine's exhaust gas. They are especially useful for modeling nonlinear systems because of their incredible convergence speed and excellent accuracy levels.
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Berestovoi, Ivan, Galina Berestovaya, and V. Maslov. "Development of an internal combustion engine selection method on the basis of heat exchange conditions evaluation at modernization and repairs of energy-transforming objects." Reporter of the Priazovskyi State Technical University 30, no. 1 (June 7, 2015): 171–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14620621.
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The problem of raising efficiency of power plants with internal combustion engines has been analyzed in the article. Comparative analysis of internal combustion engines has been carried out. Energy conversion in internal combustion engines is one of the most energy consuming systems. Efficiency increase of this system is considered with due regard to both the design parameters of a diesel engine and its operating conditions, making it possible to work out more reliable and objective methods of minimizing consumption of natural and energy resources in power plants. Comparative analysis of the existing methods of evaluation as well as of internal combustion engines models were performed with due regard to all the limitations. on its basis the principal drawbacks and imitations of those methods as well as types of engines were determined. It has been decided that in spite of plenty of investigations on the internal combustion engines the problem of selecting a proper engine type it has not been solved yet and solved and further investigations are required. A method of specifying an internal combustion engine type on the basis of descriptive forecasting model was suggested. Such models are compiled by processing of statistic investigations results. The main tendency of development becomes evident, it being the most important result of this investigation and making it possible to increase the efficiency of these processes. The developed method makes it possible to specify internal combustion engines with optimal parameters, taking into account the heat transfer conditions at modernization or repairs of energy transforming objects. Implementation of this method simplifies evaluation and selection of diesel engines at modernization and repairs that results in energy and resources saving and ensures optimal conditions for technological processes.
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Hu, Bile, Leyang Pan, Ruishen Yang, and Chenrui Zhou. "Comparative Study on the Performance of Traditional Engines and Various Substitutes." Theoretical and Natural Science 5, no. 1 (May 25, 2023): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/5/20230448.
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As the global climate starts to change due the exploitation of natural resources by human, internal combustion engines are no longer the favorite son of mankind. Instead, alternatives such as hybrid power systems and electric motors have drawn the attention of various car manufacturers and numerous scholars from worldwide. At the same time, the automobile industry has not given up internal combustion engines yet, and kept producing innovative engine designs aiming to minimize the negative impact of fossil-fuels on the environment. By researching, analyzing, and comparing data and information from various sources, this article will discuss the fundamentals and working basics of internal combustion engines, hybrid power systems and electric motors, the iconic innovations on internal combustion engines by several car manufacturers, and will compare traditional engines and its alternatives through various aspects. This essay will mainly focus on internal combustion engines and some of the more environmentally friendly alternatives available today, as well as a comparison between them and their advantages and disadvantages.
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Grishin, Evgeniy L., Artem V. Zaitsev, and Evgeniy G. Kuzminykh. "Ensuring Occupational Safety and Health through Ventilation in Underground Mines with Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles on Duty." Вестник Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета. Геология. Нефтегазовое и горное дело 20, no. 3 (August 2020): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2712-8008/2020.3.8.
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Increasing production capacities and developing ventilation systems in underground mines challenge mining enterprises to enhance the output level of applied mining and ventilation facilities. Most of the rock loading and transporting mining machinery at ore deposits is powered by diesel internal combustion engines. Insufficient ventilation or wrong approaches to determining the amount of air required to dilute the main components of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, including carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, can result in poisoning or even death of mining workers. However, most production facilities make their ventilation systems operate at the capacity limits without any opportunities to increase their technical reserves. This fact has a direct impact on safety of mining operations. We present methods and equations aimed at determining the required air quantity for the operating areas of the vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines and the underground mines at their designing and operation stages. The analysis of regulatory documentation shows that there is no requirement to airflow rate per power unit of internal combustion engines. Therefore, we propose an approach that meets up-to-date industrial safety requirements based on the actual emissions of harmful components, performance parameters of internal combustion engines and emission standards guaranteed by manufacturers though confirming an engine’s emission class compliance. The proposed methods will allow us to enhance workplace safety at underground mines where internal combustion engine equipment is on duty, and to increase the efficiency of designing new blocks, horizons and mines by eliminating unreasonable reserves when selecting mining and ventilation equipment.
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Толмачев, D. Tolmachev, Голубенко, and Natalya Golubenko. "ABOUT THE QUESTION OF CHEMMOTOLOGY OF MOTOR OILS AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR GAS ENGINE." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19362.
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The article describes some of chemmotology processes in systems: engine oil – elements of internal combustion engines. Motor oil is regarded as an important element in the construction of an internal combustion engine, and it is necessary to make quantitative description of its condition which changing over time for its operability forecasting. In connection with the increasing number of vehicles with gas engines, the topics of necessity of special engine oils use for the gas internal combustion engine and of monitoring of their quality indicators are mentioned
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Deva, Dinesh. "Combustion and Emission Study of Ethanol Blended Fuels in IC Engines." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1050–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41441.
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Abstract: As the most attractive heat engines, internal combustion engines are widely applied for various applications worldwide. These engines convert the chemical energy of the fuel to mechanical energy by the combustion phenomenon, which causes fuel to burn through fuel-air interaction and produce exhaust emissions. Spark ignition and compression ignition are two main categories of these engines differing in combustion mechanism. The conventional fuels of the noted engines are gasoline and diesel. With the population increase and the industrialization of societies, the use of internal combustion engines has become dramatically greater, causing several problems. Air pollution resulting from fuel combustion could be stated as one of the challenges that leads to the temperature rise of the earth and climate changes. The other problem is limited fossil fuels consumed by these engines. Additionally, health issues can be threatened by polluted air. Hence, renewable fuels were introduced as a vital key to overcome the obstacles. Biogas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen, and alcohol are of well-known eco-friendly fuels. Among them, alcohol has drawn extensive attention due to its specific physical and chemical properties. Ethanol as alcohol with a high octane number, oxygen content, and low carbon to hydrogen ratio is a proper candidate to be used as an alternative fuel in internal combustion engines. Herein, the effect of ethanol on combustion and emission procedures is briefly reviewed. Moreover, the ethanol blends' effectiveness as a renewable fuel internal combustion engine is discussed. Furthermore, the measure of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen emissions is compared with the values created by pure gasoline/diesel combustion to analyze the emissions produced as pollution using ethanol blends. Keywords: Internal Combustion Engine, Combustion, Emission, Renewable Fuel, Ethanol Blend
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Liang, Yufan. "A Review of the Effect of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) on Combustion and Emission Performance of Internal Combustion Engines." Trends in Renewable Energy 8, no. 2 (2022): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00144.
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In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by conventional internal combustion engines, the application of natural gas in internal combustion engines and the combustion and emission performance of natural gas internal combustion engines have been widely studied by scholars. Because the physical and chemical properties of natural gas are different from those of conventional gasoline or diesel, the operating performance of natural gas internal combustion engines in practical applications is also different from that of conventional internal combustion engines. This paper presents the physicochemical properties of compressed natural gas, the two combustion modes (premixed combustion and non-homogeneous diffusion combustion) in internal combustion engines and the effect of compressed natural gas on the performance of internal combustion engines. Compared with gasoline engines, natural gas internal combustion engines have relatively lower power and higher effective power loss; lower effective fuel consumption rate in terms of economy; and lower CO and NOx emissions than gasoline engines in terms of emissions.
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Paladiychuk, Yuriy, and Inna Telyatnuk. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL MEANS OF QUALITY CONTROL RESTORATION OF SMALL-SIZED ENGINES." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(112) (March 21, 2021): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2021-1-15.
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Mechanization of labor on small farms and individual farms is a very important issue of modern agriculture. The use of small agricultural machinery with a capacity of up to 16 kW is quite relevant today. Small-sized machinery is divided into: small 4-wheeled tractors, 2-wheeled motoblocks, cultivators, machines and equipment. With the help of this technique perform various agricultural and other types of work in crop production, horticulture, gardening on small plots, livestock and more. Despite its rather small size, small equipment also has various mechanisms that fail over time. Most often, the parts of the internal combustion engine fail. In general, the cost of repairing the internal combustion engine during operation may exceed the total cost of the engine by 5-6 times. Thus, there is a question of improving the system of technical service of engines of small tractors. This article considers the issue of increasing the efficiency of operation of internal combustion engines for small tractors, due to the effective conduct of after-sales or post-repair running-in and improving the maintenance system. Types of small-sized equipment are presented. The analysis of possible loading and speed modes of cold and hot running-in of internal combustion engines and means for their realization is carried out. Technical means for running-in and testing of internal combustion engines are analyzed. The following formulas are given for determination: smoke of exhaust gases at running-in of engines; light transmission of exhaust gases; speed control range; load torque; the content of harmful substances (Q) in the exhaust gases on the j-th components. The necessity of bench running-in of engines of small-sized agricultural machinery is substantiated. The functional scheme of the stand for running-in and testing of internal combustion engines is considered. The stages of cold and hot running-in of small-sized engines are described. With the help of the received information, the results are made and the analysis of methods of running-in of internal combustion engines of small-sized agricultural machinery is carried out.
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Liu, Mengfei. "Development Status and Outlook of Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine." Trends in Renewable Energy 10, no. 3 (2024): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17737/tre.2024.10.3.00176.
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Hydrogen energy is one of the best energy carriers for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality, with the characteristics of high energy and no pollution. The hydrogen internal combustion engine is one of the important forms of hydrogen energy utilization, with the significant advantages of high efficiency, high reliability, low cost and low emissions. In this paper, the characteristics of hydrogen internal combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cells were compared, and the industrialization prospects of hydrogen energy utilization in the future were analyzed. Focusing on the hydrogen internal combustion engine technology system, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the technical issues and technical progress in hydrogen storage, combustion, NOx emissions, etc. of hydrogen internal combustion engines.
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Sathyamurthy, Ravishankar, and S. A. Hari Krishnan. "Investigation on LPG-Biogas Blends in Spark Ignition Engine." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 14 (March 2015): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.14.58.
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Internal combustion engines normally operate with the nonrenewable sources such as petrol and diesel, which are diminishing at a faster rate. To avoid these problem alternative sources of energy must be opted for the operation of internal combustion engines. In this work biogas is selected as an alternative source of energy for the working of internal combustion engines but possess some limitations due to its high auto ignition temperature and high CO2 content in it. To overcome the limitations biogas is blended with LPG at different proportions of 5%, 10%, 15% are done. The modification of the internal combustion engine is performed to convert it into a gas engine and the tests are conducted on the modified engine with different proportions of blending at various loads. Based on the results of the test conducted the performance characteristics are analyzed.
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Minh, Thang Nguyen, Hieu Pham Minh, and Vinh Nguyen Duy. "A review of internal combustion engines powered by renewable energy based on ethanol fuel and HCCI technology." AIMS Energy 10, no. 5 (2022): 1005–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.20220046.
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<abstract> <p>In general, as compared to conventional combustion engines, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine offers better fuel efficiency, NOx, and particulate matter emissions. The HCCI engine, on the other hand, is not connected to the spark plugs or the fuel injection system. This implies that the auto-ignition time and following combustion phase of the HCCI engine are not controlled directly. The HCCI engine will be confined to a short working range due to the cold start, high-pressure rate, combustion noise, and even knocking combustion. Biofuel innovation, such as ethanol-powered HCCI engines, has a lot of promise in today's car industry. As a result, efforts must be made to improve the distinctive characteristics of the engine by turning the engine settings to different ethanol mixtures. This study examines the aspects of ethanol-fueled HCCI engines utilizing homogenous charge preparation procedures. In addition, comparing HCCI engines to other advanced combustion engines revealed their increased importance and prospective consequences. Furthermore, the challenges of transitioning from conventional to HCCI engines are examined, along with potential answers for future upgrade approaches and control tactics.</p> </abstract>
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Minh, Thang Nguyen, Hieu Pham Minh, and Vinh Nguyen Duy. "A review of internal combustion engines powered by renewable energy based on ethanol fuel and HCCI technology." AIMS Energy 10, no. 5 (2022): 1005–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022046.
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<abstract> <p>In general, as compared to conventional combustion engines, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine offers better fuel efficiency, NOx, and particulate matter emissions. The HCCI engine, on the other hand, is not connected to the spark plugs or the fuel injection system. This implies that the auto-ignition time and following combustion phase of the HCCI engine are not controlled directly. The HCCI engine will be confined to a short working range due to the cold start, high-pressure rate, combustion noise, and even knocking combustion. Biofuel innovation, such as ethanol-powered HCCI engines, has a lot of promise in today's car industry. As a result, efforts must be made to improve the distinctive characteristics of the engine by turning the engine settings to different ethanol mixtures. This study examines the aspects of ethanol-fueled HCCI engines utilizing homogenous charge preparation procedures. In addition, comparing HCCI engines to other advanced combustion engines revealed their increased importance and prospective consequences. Furthermore, the challenges of transitioning from conventional to HCCI engines are examined, along with potential answers for future upgrade approaches and control tactics.</p> </abstract>
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Trung Dinh Pham, Nghia Mai Duc, and Tuan Duc Ho. "Restrict Toxic Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines to Protect the Environment by Using Diesel Fuel Mixed with Vegetable Oil." Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 7, no. 2 (January 22, 2025): 62–75. https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v7i2.7693.
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For internal combustion engines, engines installed for transport ships, cargo ships, and fishing vessels are mainly diesel engines. The number of engines is increasing due to the development of the maritime and seafood exploitation sectors. Therefore, the high demand for petroleum fuels increases environmental pollution due to engine emissions. Reducing environmental pollution from the combustion of petroleum fuels has become a concern worldwide, especially for internal combustion engines. The exhaust gases from the engine contain harmful substances such as soot and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Fuels with higher carbon content generate more soot when burned. In contrast, biofuels have low carbon and sulfur content and supply ample oxygen, which helps to reduce soot formation. For these reasons, biofuels are encouraged as alternative fuels to petroleum. Vegetable oil is one of the primary raw materials for biofuel production. This study presents a mixture of diesel and vegetable oil utilized as fuel for fishing vessels’ diesel engines. The results of experimental research on a fishing vessel’s 4CHE Yanmar diesel engine when using diesel fuel mixed with coconut oil (B15, 15% coconut oil, and 85% diesel) show that increasing B15 fuel injection pressure by about 10–15% compared with diesel fuel injection pressure reduces the engine’s soot emissions and increases power compared to unadjusted. This solution contributes to reducing environmental pollution from engine emissions.
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Maya Kerimova, Sakina Abbasova, Maya Kerimova, Sakina Abbasova. "IMPROVEMENT OF INTELLIGENT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 27, no. 06 (August 25, 2023): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc27062023-65.
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Research investigations of the solutions of internal combustion engine control problems based on artificial intelligence systems are quite relevant. The power of ship devices and mechanisms is increasing, the requirements for accuracy, reliability, speed and other indicators of the quality of control processes are increasing, increased operational requirements related to economy and efficiency of ship systems and equipment. Currently, there are a lot of studies which are successfully performed to create the installations with a higher degree of automation – adaptive (intelligent) internal combustion engines, including a class of marine diesel installations. This term means the Engine controlled by adaptive automatic control systems with elements of artificial intelligence that can apprehend and analyses quite complicated and changeable ambient and take a decision. However, the problematic issues of adapting a piston engine in operating conditions are still under study and theoretical conceptualization. In this article, a study of the scientific and technical problem of improving the operational qualities of intelligent marine diesel installations is carried out. The problem has a great technical importance and requires scientific substantiation of the directions of both improving the operational qualities and reliability of existing models, and identifying ways to modernize existing structures of marine diesel installations. Кeywords: internal combustion engines, marine diesel, intelligent engine, adaptive systems, adaptive motors, microprocessor controls, controlling algorithm, neural networks.
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Li, Chenhe. "Crucial analysis of traditional engines versus hybrid engines." Applied and Computational Engineering 11, no. 1 (September 25, 2023): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/11/20230220.
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The hybrid engine is a kind of emerging engine. It can simultaneously use an internal combustion engine and electric motor and other engine driving methods to improve fuel efficiency, reduce pollution emissions, extend the power system's life, improve performance, and have a series of significant advantages. However, hybrids are expensive to sell and maintain, have limited battery life, and can lose their fuel efficiency advantage at high speeds. On the opposite side, the internal combustion engine has a long history of traditional power engines, so it is easier to use, cheaper, and more mature, but it causes more pollution, poor fuel economy, and serious energy loss. These engines are two of the mainstream engines in the market at present. They each have different advantages and characteristics. In the choice of two different types, to combine the needs of users, comprehensive consideration, practical choice in line with the working environment of the engine. This paper aims to compare the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid and traditional internal combustion engines and analyze the reasons for these advantages and disadvantages and the impact of these advantages and disadvantages in detail.
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Furch, Jan, and Josef Jelínek. "Design of a tribotechnical diagnostics model for determining the technical condition of an internal combustion engine during its life cycle." Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 24, no. 3 (June 6, 2022): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2022.3.5.
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The paper proposes a model of tribotechnical diagnostics, which allows us to determine the technical condition of an internal combustion engine within its life cycle and then take measures, including its decommissioning due to excessive wear of major components. The paper also focuses on tribodiagnostic methods that are suitable for assessing the technical condition of internal combustion engines used in various means of transport (automobiles, railway locomotives powered by internal combustion engines, aircraft powered by reciprocating internal combustion engines, special and garden equipment). An internal combustion engine from agricultural equipment was selected for the experiment and monitored throughout its life cycle. The paper describes in detail the appropriate methods used for the proposed tribotechnical diagnostics model, including the results from the measurements by these methods. The said methods were then evaluated and mutually compared. The following advanced instrumental analytical methods were used to evaluate the collected engine oil samples: atomic emission spectrometry (AES), ferrography, automatic laser counter and LNF particle classifier, FTIR infrared spectrometry. The result of the work (paper) is the design of a tribotechnical diagnostics model for determining the technical condition of an internal combustion engine during its life cycle and the determination of limit values for assessing the technical condition of a Honda GCV 165 internal combustion engine. The results are based on individual measurements.
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Khannanov, M. D., E. R. Alimgulov, L. I. Fardeev, and A. S. Kulikov. "The future of the internal combustion engine: actual development tasks." Trudy NAMI, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-1-82-90.
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Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). The forthcoming vehicle environmental regulations to be introduced in the European Union (EU) in 2025–2026 involve aggressive emission limit scenarios combined with new real-world test conditions. The new environmental concept sets ambitious goals in relation to the power line of traditional vehicles with an internal combustion engine (ICE), such as: the main source of energy for automotive technology; high efficiency (more than 50% efficiency); ultra-low fuel consumption and ultra-low emissions (CO2, NOx, PM).The purpose of the study was to analyze the prospective fuel efficiency and environmental safety requirements for wheeled vehicles to determine the main directions of internal combustion engines development to meet these requirements.Methodology and research methods. The analytical methods of research included: the analysis of the commercial engines market; the investigation of world projects to tighten the requirements for environmental safety of wheeled vehicles; the study of the main internal combustion engines development concepts. Results. The prospective requirements for internal combustion engines have been analyzed, and as result of it, the concept of ICE development, the promising internal combustion engine view and an exhaust gas after-treatment system (EGATS) were worked out.Practical significance. The results of the study can be used for determining the requirements and main directions of research and development work when creating the new generations of internal combustion engines.
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Senthil Kumar, M. "Energy Conservation Study on Internal Combustion Engines." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 1248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr22822104229.
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Virgil Petrescu, Relly Victoria. "Internal Combustion Engines Forces." Journal of Mechatronics and Robotics 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 497–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jmrsp.2019.497.520.
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Am Quoc Do. "Analyzing the Sources of Noise in Internal Combustion Engines." Journal of Technical Education Science 20, no. 01 (February 28, 2025): 43–50. https://doi.org/10.54644/jte.2025.1608.
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Internal combustion engines are extensively used in various modes of transportation, including ships and cars. However, their operation generated significant noise, which can disrupt daily life and poses health risks. Prolonged exposure to noise can lead to insomnia, cardiovascular diseases, and even death, making noise pollution a growing social concern. As the primary power source and major noise contributor in ships and automobiles, internal combustion engines play a crucial role in overall noise levels. The noise produced by internal combustion engines stems from various sources and mechanisms within the engine. These includes the combustion process itself, mechanical interactions between engine components, and the exhaust system, ect. Each of these sources have specific causes and contributing factors. This work discusses and analyzes the sources of noise, their causes, and the factors that influence them. By addressing these key areas, it is possible to reduce the negative effects of engine noise on human health and well-being.
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Zukhurova, Dildora Makhmudovna. "THE EFFECT OF A HOT CLIMATE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES." Journal of Academic Research and Trends in Educational Sciences 1, no. 5 (April 14, 2022): 51–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461171.
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This article analyzes the methods of operation of internal combustion engines in a hot climate. The purpose of this study is to develop an internal combustion engine that will meet the climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the future. Today, one of the main tasks is the full use of engine power, the development of an internal combustion engine that is environmentally friendly, as well as an indicator of reducing fuel consumption. To do this, it is necessary to design internal combustion engines in accordance with different climatic conditions. The information presented in the article can be used during laboratory and practical classes on the subject of "vehicle design" in technical higher educational institutions.
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Slyn’ko, Georgiy, Volodymyr Korohodskyi, Olexandr Kushnir, Roman Sukhonos, and Vira Slynko. "RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE CRANKPINS ON THE MARGIN OF SAFETY OF THE PARTIALLY SUPPORTED CRANKSHAFT OF A FLAT-TWIN ENGINE." New Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering, no. 1 (March 31, 2025): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2025-1-8.
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Purpose. The purpose of the study is to reduce the loads acting on the elements of the partially supported crankshaft of a flat-twin internal combustion engine by choosing the optimal value of the angle between the crankpins. This will make it possible to increase the margin of safety of the crankshaft. Research methods. Theoretical (transition from specific to abstract), empirical (observation, measurement, comparison) and complex (abstraction, modeling, analysis and synthesis) research methods are used. The computer program Engine Calculation and Microsoft Office was used for the study. The object of the study is a four-stroke two-cylinder flat-twin gasoline motorcycle engine MT-10-36. The subject of the study is the influence of the angle between the crankpins γк of the partially supported crankshaft on the margin of safety of a crankshaft of flat-twin engine. Results. The current issue of increasing the reliability of a flat-twin gasoline internal combustion engine with a different angle between the crankshaft crankpins γк has been resolved. The forces acting on the connecting rod and main bearings of the crankshaft of the basic engine MT-10-36 and engines with a changed angle γк (5 variants) have been calculated. The impact moments on all main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft have been calculated for engines with different angles γк. The calculated numerical values of the safety margins of the crankshaft parts allow us to state that engines with angles γк = 210 °, γк = 240 ° or γк = 270 ° have improved reliability (in comparison with the basic engine). Scientific novelty. The known method of calculating the forces acting on the main bearings of internal combustion engines has been modified for flat-twin engines that do not have an intermediate (middle) main bearing. For the first time, load diagrams on the main bearings have been obtained for a partially supported crankshaft of flat-twin internal combustion engine with angles between crankpins γк = 210 °, γк = 240 °, γк = 270 °. For the first time, graphs of the impact moments on the connecting rods and main bearings have been obtained for a partially supported crankshaft of flat-twin engine MT-10-36 with cranks offset by γк = 210 °, γк = 240 °, γк = 270 °. Practical value. The method for determining the influence of the angle between the cranks of a partially supported crankshaft of a flat-twin internal combustion engine on the safety margin of the engine’s crankshaft can be used in the design of new flat-twin and V-twin internal combustion engines for various purposes.
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Zhang, Min. "Comparing different types of engines and efficiency-a literature review." Theoretical and Natural Science 11, no. 1 (November 17, 2023): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/11/20230404.
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The goal of this research was to evaluate and contrast the performance of various engine types. The study was conducted on a sample of two engines, one of which is an Internal Combustion engine and the other is an External combustion engine. The internal combustion engine has two cycles, Otto cycle is used in gasoline engines while the diesel cycle is used in diesel engines. The external engine has two cycles too, the submarine uses Stirling Cycle and the Thermal power plant uses the Rankine cycle. The engines were evaluated based on their thermal efficiency, brake power, and specific fuel consumption. The results showed that the diesel cycle had higher thermal efficiency and brake power compared to the Otto cycle. However, the two-stroke engines had lower specific fuel consumption compared to the four-stroke engines. The results indicate that each engine type has advantages and disadvantages and that the final decision should be based on the needs of the given application.
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Petrescu, Relly Victoria Virgil, and Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu. "About the internal combustion engines forces." Independent Journal of Management & Production 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v11i3.930.
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The paper presents an algorithm to set the parameters of the dynamics of the classic mechanism the main of internal combustion. It shows the distribution of the forces (on the main mechanism of the engine) on engines with internal combustion. Dynamic, the gears can be distributed in the same way as forces. Practically, in the dynamic regimes, the velocities have the same synchronization as forces. The method shall be applied separately for two distinct situations: when the engine is working on a compressor and in the system of the motor. For the two individual cases, two independent formulae are obtained for the dynamic cinematic forces (gearbox). The calculations shall be made for an engine with a single cylinder. The change of speed in the dynamics feels like a variation of the angular speed of the engine. It is more difficult to be taken into account (theoretically) effect on an engine with several cylinders.
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Carter, E., and B. Milton. "Internal-Combustion Engine Performance in the Fireground." International Journal of Wildland Fire 4, no. 2 (1994): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9940083.
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The performance of internal combustion engines used in fire fighting equipment can be affected by the fireground ambient conditions. Both gasoline (SI) and diesel (CI) engines can suffer significant power losses due to high temperatures and reduced oxygen in the intake air caused by mixing with the products of combustion of a fire. This, and other engine problems associated with starting and operation under fireground conditions are examined in this paper.
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Truong, Thanh Hai, and Van Huong Dong. "Overview Study of Camless Combustion Engines." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 9 (September 15, 2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.9.1511.
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The internal combustion engine (ICE) finds its place in the market with latest design modifications in various components to improve efficiency, economy and overall performance. However, one component has remained unchanged in the internal combustion engine development i.e., the camshaft, has been the primary means of controlling the valve actuation and timing, and therefore, influencing the overall performance of the vehicle. Camless technology is capturing the future of internal combustion engines. It has been known to man that if valves could be controlled independently in an Internal Combustion Engine then there would be benefits like increased power, reduced emissions and increased fuel economy. In the camless technology valve motion is operated by valve actuators of electro-mechanical and electro-hydraulic type. In this paper we compare camless valve operation with conventional valve operation and we deal with the valve actuating mechanisms of camless engine by considering the electromechanical and electrohydraulic actuators as the important types of actuating valves in camless engines.