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Journal articles on the topic 'Internal conflicts of law'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 January 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ben-Shemesh, Yaacov. "Law and Internal Cultural Conflicts." Law & Ethics of Human Rights 1, no. 1 (2007): 271–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1938-2545.1008.

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Liberal political theory acknowledges the interdependence of the wellbeing of individuals and the flourishing of the cultural groups to which they belong. Consequently, many liberal political philosophers have proposed policies and laws aimed at multicultural accommodation. That is, policies and laws aimed at assisting communities to preserve their cultural values and practices, and at allowing them greater autonomy and self-government. However, certain religious and cultural groups hold beliefs, values, and practices that are oppressive and discriminatory against some of their own members. Ac

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Asongu, Simplice A., Joseph I. Uduji, and Elda N. Okolo-Obasi. "Drivers and Persistence of Death in Conflicts: Global Evidence." World Affairs 183, no. 4 (2020): 389–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0043820020964274.

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We investigate persistence and determinants of deaths from conflicts in a sample of 163 countries for the period 2010–2015. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. First, the findings are contingent on income levels, religious domination, landlockedness, regional proximity, and legal origins. We find that the persistence of deaths in internal conflict is more apparent in coastal, French civil law, and Islam-oriented countries, compared to landlocked, English common law, Christian-oriented countries, respectively. Second, the following factors are generally respons

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Mullerson, R. "INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW IN INTERNAL CONFLICTS." Journal of Conflict and Security Law 2, no. 2 (1997): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/2.2.109.

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Rahim, Bakhtiar Siddiq. "Internal Conflict of Laws in Iraq "Analytical Study"." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 13, Special Issue 2025 (2025): 462–76. https://doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10304.

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Iraq is a federal state, and the Kurdistan Region is independent with its own laws, which leads to the emergence of a conflict between federal laws and regional laws, which requires legal contexts to resolve this conflict and determine the applicable law to the disputes that arise, by benefiting from the established rules in the conflict and its historical roots, and the judge must follow certain standards for the chosen solution, which are multiple standards, and in order for the judge to be able to reach these solutions, there must be specific standards in the law, to be taken into account,

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Михайлова, Татьяна, Tat'yana Mihaylova, Олег Трубников, and Oleg Trubnikov. "Management activity of the head of the territorial body of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia in the prevention and resolution of professional conflicts." Applied psychology and pedagogy 3, no. 3 (2018): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5b1ef5392f6574.07715728.

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The way searching to increase the efficiency activity of system of law enforcement agencies in Russia has led to the fact that the force using in professional employees interaction is absolutely unproductive. The problem of leveling of consequences of the conflicts destructive influence on group activity results will increase not only efficiency of the head of law-enforcement body activity, but also professional activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation as a whole. While studying the conflicts influence on the efficiency of office activity of divisions of law

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Ochmann, Paweł, and Jakub Wojas. "Wojna hybrydowa jako przykład umiędzynarodowionego konfliktu wewnętrznego." Studia Prawa Publicznego, no. 2(22) (June 15, 2019): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/spp.2018.2.22.5.

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    The paper deals with internal conflicts, their internationalisation and a hybrid war. In the 1990s many military conflicts could have been regarded as domestic conflicts or internationalised internal conflicts. According to the authors internationalised internal conflicts and a hybrid war have much in common. The purpose of the paper is to compare and confront distinctive characteristics of internationalised internal conflicts with the model of hybrid war. The authors scrutinize definitions of an internal, domestic conflict and a hybrid war, and the possibilities an

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Olbourne, Ben. "REFUGEES AND INTERNAL ARMED CONFLICTS." Cambridge Law Journal 60, no. 3 (2001): 441–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197301221199.

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Most people forced to flee across national borders do so to escape the consequences of internal armed conflicts. But the extension of protection to such people by the countries from which they seek asylum has proved to be uncertain. Most of these countries have undertaken protection obligations towards persons claiming refugee status in accordance with the 1951 Convention for the Protection of Refugees (“the Convention”). For the purposes of the Convention, a “refugee” is defined as any person who “owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, mem

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Solis, Gary. "Applying international law to internal armed conflicts." Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict 4, no. 1 (2011): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2011.560274.

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CHUMACHENKO, Ivan. "Internal and Cross-Border Conflict of Laws Regulation in the United States of America." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, no. 3 (2020): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.3(49).11.

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The relevance of the research is due to the development of cross-border economy relations with involvement of the United States residents and the residents of other countries. Such an interest considers the questions about the correct choice of the applicable law in the framework of legal relations with the participation of U.S. residents carried out in the territory or residents of the different countries covered by the jurisdiction of the United States. The authors objectives under this article is to consider the basic concepts, as well as some features of resolving conflicts arising b

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Magallon Elósegui, Nerea. "La vecindad civil y los conflictos inter temporales en la ley de Derecho civil vasco = The Basque civil neighbourhood and the intertemporal conflicts in the Basque civil law." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 11, no. 2 (2019): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2019.4957.

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Resumen: A través de la Ley de Derecho civil vasco 5/2015 se crea la vecindad civil vasca lo que supone un cambio automático de ley aplicable de todos aquellos que tuvieran vecindad civil en alguno de los territorios de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco. Su creación reaviva de nuevo el debate sobre la competencia entre las CCAA y el Estado en materia de resolución de conflictos de leyes internos; y al mismo tiempo comporta la potencial multiplicación de los problemas adheridos al conflicto móvil en materia sucesoria. En este trabajo se analizará en primer lugar la adecuación de la nueva vec

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Boelaert-Suominen, Sonja. "Commentary: The Yugoslavia Tribunal and the Common Core of Humanitarian Law Applicable to all Armed Conflicts." Leiden Journal of International Law 13, no. 3 (2000): 619–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500000406.

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This article discusses the contribution made by the jurisprudence of the Yugoslavia Tribunal to the articulation of the body of international humanitarian law that applies to all armed conflicts, regardless of whether they are international or internal. The Tadić Jurisdiction Decision rendered by the Appeals Chamber in 1995 set the stage for a substantial “rapprochement” of the regulatory content of war crimes committed in international and internal armed conflict, using Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions as the main vehicle. The first judgements have contributed greatly to the expansi

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Mahmutovic, Adnan. "How Humanitarian and Human Rights Law Shape Conflicts Within States." Bratislava Law Review 9, no. 1 (2025): 27–50. https://doi.org/10.46282/blr.2025.9.1.945.

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This paper explores the legal status of non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) under international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law (IHRL). It examines treaty and customary law provisions governing NIACs, focussing on the threshold of violence that distinguishes these conflicts from internal disturbances and the involvement of non-state actors. Identifying the applicable legal framework is crucial for ensuring compliance with international law, but determining when a situation escalates to an armed conflict is challenging due to the lack of a precise legal definitio

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Menon, Parvathi. "Self-Referring to the International Criminal Court: A Continuation of War by Other Means." AJIL Unbound 109 (2015): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300001562.

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Weak sub-Saharan African states use international law and its institutions to legitimate their actions and delegitimate their internal enemies. In this essay, I argue that during internal armed conflicts, African states use international criminal law to redefine the conflict as international and thereby rebrand domestic political opponents as international criminals/enemies who are a threat to the entire community. This in turn sets the stage for invoking belligerent privileges under international humanitarian law (IHL).

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Korostelev, S. V. "Features of the Political and Legal Justification of the Use of Force in Internal Armed Conflicts in Countering Terrorism and Other Violent Manifestations of Extremism." Administrative Consulting, no. 4 (June 7, 2018): 16–26. https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2018-4-16-26.

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In any specific case of the use of armed violence, the question of its legitimation arises, that is, the need to justify the validity of an act of use of force in the language of the law.In general, the model of the legal regime for the use of force to counter terrorism and other manifestations of violent extremism converges to a search for a balance between norms applied, depending on the forces, means and methods of warfare used: the norms of International Humanitarian Law are to be applied to a greater extent when antigovernment groups maintain control of a part of terri

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Kalshoven, Frits. "A Colombian View on Protocol II." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 1 (December 1998): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135900000143.

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Colombia, which never deigned to sign the Additional Protocols of 1977, in 1993 acceded to Protocol I on the protection of victims of international armed conflicts, and in 1996 to Protocol II applicable in situations of non-international (or internal) armed conflict. The latter step was the more remarkable in that Colombia for more than four decades was (and is to the present day) the scene of virulent internal armed conflict.

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Weissbrodt, David, and Peggy L. Hicks. "Implementation of human rights and humanitarian law in situations of armed conflict." International Review of the Red Cross 33, no. 293 (1993): 120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400071540.

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Governments are principally responsible for the implementation of international human rights and humanitarian law during periods of armed conflict. During non-international armed conflicts, governments and armed opposition groups each bear responsibility for their obedience to those norms.International organizations can encourage the participants in armed conflicts to respect human rights and humanitarian law. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has long played a leading role in working for the application of humanitarian law during armed conflicts; it has also begun to refer t

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Robinson, Darryl, and Herman von Hebel. "War Crimes in Internal Conflicts: Article 8 of the ICC Statute." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2 (December 1999): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135900000428.

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The development of rules governing non-international, or internal, armed conflicts has long been characterized by a profound tension between concerns of sovereignty and concerns of humanity. Historically, strong sovereignty-oriented interests dictated a slow and cautious pace of progress in this sensitive area. In recent years, however, a growing humanitarian concern for the protection of victims has prompted rapid developments in the regulation of internal armed conflict. This transformation has been greatly assisted by the establishment of the twoad hocTribunals for the former Yugoslavia and

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18

Cohen, Madeline E. "International Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: A Critical Annotated Bibliography for Collection Development." International Journal of Legal Information 40, no. 3 (2012): 393–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500011422.

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This annotated bibliography is compiled as a collection development guide for academic librarians and specialists in international law. The topic of International Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict concerns the treatment of combatants and noncombatants in wartime, while the topic of International Human Rights Law has traditionally been concerned with the treatment of individuals by states in peacetime. During the period from the end of the twentieth century to the present, the boundaries between international humanitarian law and human rights law have become increasingly blurred. Therefore, th

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Balint, Jennifer L. "The Place of Law in Addressing Internal Regime Conflicts." Law and Contemporary Problems 59, no. 4 (1996): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1192194.

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20

Bajoria, Rishabh. "Biggest Internal Security Threat or Non-International Armed Conflict?" Socio-Legal Review 14, no. 2 (2018): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.55496/yscb4726.

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In this paper, I argue that the Maoist insurgency against the Indian State in the “Red Corridor”, spanning a quarter of the Independent Indian State’s territory, including areas in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Maharashtra, constitutes a Non-International Armed Conflict (NIAC) under International Humanitarian Law (IHL). I analyse the development of International law on the question of non-international armed conflicts from Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions, to the 1977 Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions, and the recent ICTY and ICTR jurisprudence. T

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Ghalib Ali MAAROUF, Akram. "INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN DURING INTERNAL ARMED CONFLICTS." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 6 (2022): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.20.11.

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Children have become one of the most vulnerable classes to harm، especially life risks، in light of the anxious security conditions and the processes of internal armed conflict. Perhaps one of the most dangerous circumstances is the lack of respect for the principles of international humanitarian law، which provided protective rules for civilians and civilian objects during armed conflicts، and by virtue of the physical and mental nature of children has become These people need special protection rules for them. In fact، that protection was codified in the four Geneva Conventions of 1949، the

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Kretzmer, David. "Rethinking the Application of IHL in Non-International Armed Conflicts." Israel Law Review 42, no. 01 (2009): 8–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700000431.

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The first step in application by treaty of IHL norms to non-international armed conflicts, adoption of Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions, 1949, was taken before the dramatic development of international human rights law (IHRL). The assumption was that unless international humanitarian law (IHL) norms were applied to such conflicts, the way States acted would be unrestrained by international law. With the development of IHRL this assumption is no longer valid. Application of IHL in such conflicts should therefore be re-examined. The Article argues that moving away from IHL in non-inter

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Broński, Włodzimierz, Marek Dąbrowski, Marcin Rokosz, and Piotr Sławicki. "Mediation in the Enterprise. A New Approach Needed?" Law and Business 4, no. 1 (2024): 18–27. https://doi.org/10.2478/law-2024-0003.

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Abstract Values set the desired course of action in an enterprise. They are a kind of bonding and expression of the corporate culture, which determines how conflicts are understood, resolved, and managed. A problem that negatively affects the enterprise's productivity is the lack of effective conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms. Thus, mediation as a non-confrontational method of diagnosing and resolving conflicts should be a key element of the corporate culture in the enterprise. Does this mean that a new approach to the institution of mediation is needed? To answer this question, th

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Eide, Asbjørn. "Internal Conflicts under International Law Focus on Ethnic Conflict, Minority Rights and Human Rights." Bulletin of Peace Proposals 18, no. 4 (1987): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096701068701800404.

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Moir, L. "Grave Breaches and Internal Armed Conflicts." Journal of International Criminal Justice 7, no. 4 (2009): 763–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqp050.

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Abd Hannan. "Conflict Resolution and The Violation of Religious Freedom." JURNAL PENELITIAN KEISLAMAN 19, no. 2 (2023): 186–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/jpk.v19i2.8497.

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This research aims to examine and discuss the violation of freedom of religion or belief in relation to the handling and resolution of internal religious conflicts among Muslims in contemporary Madura. Methodologically, this research is conducted as a qualitative field study. Two types of data, primary and secondary, are utilized for analysis. The sociological perspective on religion and the law of Freedom of Religion or Belief are employed in this study. Through the analysis of field data, it was found that the handling and resolution of internal Muslim conflict cases in Madura reflect certai

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Guțan, Sabin. "Legal Aspects Regarding the Existence of the Internal Armed Conflict." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 24, no. 2 (2018): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2018-0087.

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Abstract The issue of the existence of the internal armed conflict concerns both legal factors and political factors (recognition of the existence of the internal armed conflict). From a legal point of view, to declare a violent social phenomenon as internal armed conflict, we must resort to the specific rules of international humanitarian law: Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Article 1 of the First Additional Protocol to these conventions of 1977. However, these regulations, while describing the general parameters of the existence of an internal armed conflict, do not es

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Edmonds, Nathaniel B. "Associational Standing for Organizations with Internal Conflicts of Interest." University of Chicago Law Review 69, no. 1 (2002): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1600357.

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Dubovyk, Kateryna. "Protection of Children’s Rights in International Humanitarian Law." 1, no. 1 (November 28, 2022): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1727-6667-2022-1-07.

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The article focuses on the protection of children’s rights in international humanitarian law. All over the world, thousands of children are exposed to the dangers of armed conflict. Children are recruited into the civil militia, ranks of the state army, and other military formations. Many children are abducted from schools, streets, and their homes. Some «voluntarily» join the ranks of military formations because they have no alternative: the reason for this is discrimination, numerous restrictions, poverty and other factors. Specialists in legal issues emphasize the need to prohibit the invol

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GALAND, ALEXANDRE SKANDER. "Approaching Custom Identification as a Conflict Avoidance Technique:TadićandKupreškićRevisited." Leiden Journal of International Law 31, no. 2 (2018): 403–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156518000055.

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AbstractInternational human rights law (IHRL), international humanitarian law (IHL) and international criminal law (ICL) have trouble staying faithful to the two pillars of customary international law – state practice andopinio juris. In ICL, theTadićInterlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction and theKupreškićTrial Judgement have even gone as far as enunciating new models to identify customs. In this article, I show that the approaches to customs’ identification postulated in these two cases were conflict-avoidance techniques used by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY

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Aisha, Sani Maikudi, and Mubarak Abdulkadir. "TERRORISM AS A CHANGING PATTERN OF ARMED CONFLICT IN AFRICA: ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW." Obafemi Awolowo University Law Journal (OAULJ) 2, no. 1 (2019): 353–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682096.

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This article focuses on terrorism as a changing pattern of conflict in Africa and the role that International Humanitarian Law (IHL) plays. It does this by analysing the rise of terrorist insurgency through guerilla warfare and terrorist attacks, international (territorial) armed conflicts and non-international (internal) armed conflicts in Africa, in order to distinguish between the legal frameworks governing IHL and Terrorism. The article proffers that to a large extent, IHL in the provisions of its instruments does not play a strong role in dealing with terrorism not only in Africa but else

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CRAWFORD, EMILY. "Unequal before the Law: The Case for the Elimination of the Distinction between International and Non-international Armed Conflicts." Leiden Journal of International Law 20, no. 2 (2007): 441–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092215650700413x.

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This article examines the possibility of creating a law of armed conflict that could be uniformly applied to both international and non-international armed conflict. The article looks at the history of modern armed conflict, and charts the progression of warfare from a predominantly interstate event to that which is more likely to be characterized as non-international or internal. The increasing prevalence of non-international armed conflicts throughout the twentieth century has lead to ongoing moves on behalf of the international community to bring the regulation of such conflicts further wit

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Kretzmer, David, Aviad Ben-Yehuda, and Meirav Furth. "‘Thou Shall Not Kill’: The Use of Lethal Force in Non-International Armed Conflicts." Israel Law Review 47, no. 2 (2014): 191–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223714000065.

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The assumption of this article is that when a state is involved in an international armed conflict it may employ lethal force against combatants of the enemy unless they arehors de combat. Hence, even when it would be feasible to do so, it has no duty to apprehend enemy combatants rather than use force against them. Does this same norm apply in non-international armed conflicts occurring in the territory of a single state (internal conflicts)? The writers argue that the answer is in the negative. Despite the attempt in recent years to narrow the differences between the norms that apply in non-

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Załucki, Krzysztof. "Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in International Law." International Community Law Review 17, no. 4-5 (2015): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341312.

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Application of internal law by a state beyond its own territory is an extraordinary action in international law. It requires not only a solid justification but is also subject to many restrictions. It often comes to conflicts against this background that is why extraterritorial jurisdiction is considered as a dangerous but yet an effective instrument of foreign politics. The article not only provides a concise definitions of extraterritoriality but also points to its acceptable bases (liaisons) and restrictions. Moreover, a review of interesting, representative doctrine stances has been done.

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Chumachenko, Ivan N. "Specific Issues of the Resolving of the Internal and Cross-Border Conflict of Laws in the United States of America." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Law 17, no. 4 (2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1990-5173.2020.17(4).31-40.

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Introduction. The relevance of the article is due to the development of cross-border trade relations with the participation of residents of the United States of America and other states, in particular, and interest in questions about the correct choice of the applicable law in the framework of legal relations with the participation of US residents carried out in the territory or under the jurisdiction of the United States. Purpose. The author aims to consider the basic concepts, as well as some features of resolving conflicts arising between the provisions of federal law, the laws of certain s

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Rusan Novokmet, Rutvica. "USTANICI PRIZNATI KAO ZARAĆENA STRANKA NEMEĐUNARODNIH ORUŽANIH SUKOBA U TRADICIONALNOM I SUVREMENOM MEĐUNARODNOM PRAVU." Pravni vjesnik 40, no. 4 (2024): 55–78. https://doi.org/10.25234/pv/31476.

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The focus of traditional international legal regulation of armed conflicts was primarily on international armed conflicts, which resulted in legal lacunae in respect of the limitation of the conduct of the parties to internal armed conflicts before the Geneva Conventions on the Protection of Victims of War and Additional Protocols to these conventions had been adopted. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the important changes brought about by the contemporary international legal framework in respect of the more detailed regulation of non-international armed conflicts. Furthermore, the

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Wardani, Ach Khiarul Waro. "Memahami Konflik Keluarga melalui Pendekatan Sosiologi Hukum Islam (Studi Lapangan di Pengadilan Agama Kota Kediri)." Mahakim: Journal of Islamic Family Law 6, no. 2 (2022): 177–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/mahakim.v6i2.165.

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Socially, the family is the smallest community in society which is formed through a legal engagement (marriage), as well as according to Islamic law. With the formation of a family, what inevitably happens is the emergence of family conflicts which can arise from internal (family) and can also be external (outside parties) as happened in the City of Kediri, with as many as 325 cases of family conflicts that ended in lawsuits for divorce or divorce only in a relatively short period of time, namely the last 6 months in 2022. Understanding the conflicts that occur in the family aims to avoid the

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Bellinger, John B., and Vijay M. Padmanabhan. "Detention Operations in Contemporary Conflicts: Four Challenges for The Geneva Conventions and Other Existing Law." American Journal of International Law 105, no. 2 (2011): 201–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.105.2.0201.

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In September 2010, President Jakob Kellenberger of the International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC) summarized the conclusions of a two-year, internal ICRC study of changes that have occurred in the nature of armed conflict since the signing of the Geneva Conventions in 1949, and he also suggested how international humanitarian law (IHL) should respond to those changes. In a previous address marking the sixtieth anniversary of the Geneva Conventions, Kellenberger had observed that in the place of traditional conflicts between state-sponsored armies on a battlefield, modern conflicts freque

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Reiter, Andrew G. "Examining the Use of Amnesties and Pardons as a Response to Internal Armed Conflict." Israel Law Review 47, no. 1 (2014): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223713000290.

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The use of amnesty for human rights violations has been heavily criticised on legal, ethical and political grounds. Yet amnesties have been the most popular transitional justice mechanisms over the past four decades, particularly in the context of internal armed conflict. States justify these amnesties by claiming they are important tools to secure peace. But how successful is amnesty in accomplishing these goals? This article seeks to answer this question by analysing the use and effectiveness of 236 amnesties used in internal armed conflicts worldwide since 1970. The article first creates a

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Serdyuk, N. V., Y. G. Naumov, and L. L. Grishenko. "Psychological and Pedagogical Measures of Preventing Conflicts of Interest Among Employees of Law Enforcement Agencies." Психологическая наука и образование 22, no. 5 (2017): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2017220510.

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The article considers significant characteristics of the phenomenon of corruption resistance of employees of internal affairs agencies as civil servants. The outlined problem of preventing corruption manifestations and conflicts of interests in operational and service activities is characterized by the fact that it exceeds the limits of legal regulation. The possible solution in this case might be the selection of relevant psychological and pedagogical measures of preventing the conflict of interests and the formation of corruption resistance in the personnel of the internal affairs bodies. Th

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Hjelde, Haakon B. "International Response to Internal Conflicts and Violence." Nordic Journal of International Law 61-62, no. 1-4 (1992): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-90000012.

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Domínguez Lozano, Pilar. "Internal Conflicts and “Interregional Law” in the Spanish Legal System 1." Spanish Yearbook of International Law Online 5, no. 1 (1997): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161297x00027.

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Durán-Martínez, Angélica, and Hillel David Soifer. "The Drug Trade and State Violence in Internal Conflicts: Evidence from Peru." Latin American Politics and Society 63, no. 4 (2021): 96–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lap.2021.39.

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ABSTRACTMost literature on drugs and conflict focuses on how the drug trade affects insurgent behavior, paying little attention to its effect on state behavior in conflict settings. This article begins to address this gap by analyzing the impact of drugs on state violence during the internal conflict in Peru (1980–2000), which, in the 1980s, was the world’s major producer of coca for the international drug trade. Drawing on literature on criminal violence and on drug policy, this study theorizes militarization as the main channel by which drug production affects how state forces treat the civi

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Коновалов, Алексей, and Aleksey Konovalov. "On the issue of the specifics of service conflicts in the system of internal affairs bodies." Applied psychology and pedagogy 3, no. 1 (2018): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a70da9a4ecae9.85660408.

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The article poses the problem of determination of the emergence of conflicts in the collective of law enforcement bodies, and as a consequence - the formation of an unfavorable socio-psychological climate in it. One of the reasons is the low level of conflictological culture of employees, which manifests itself in the absence of sufficient conflictological knowledge, which allows to quickly and competently analyze the negative situation, to anticipate the onset of the conflict situation, to identify the internal causes of the conflict, and to understand the patterns of their occurrence, flow a

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Shiva, Mehdi, and Hassan Molana. "On Income, Democracy, Political Stability, and Internal Armed Conflicts." Journal of Strategic Security 15, no. 2 (2022): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.2.1982.

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Whether or not a country is likely to encounter an internal armed conflict is considered in the literature to depend, among other things, on its extent of economic and political development. Using a dataset covering 139 countries over the 1961-2011 period, we find that a country’s per capita income has an unambiguously negative effect on the probability that it encounters an armed conflict as long as it does not suffer from a severe political instability. In contrast, countries that experience severe political instability are more likely to encounter an armed conflict the higher is their per c

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Pashynna, Liliia. "International legal protection of human rights during armed conflicts in historical retrospect." Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, no. 2(47) (October 28, 2024): 68–81. https://doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2024-2(47)-6.

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The historical development of international human rights protection in armed conflict is as multifaceted as it is profound, reflecting the gradual evolution of a human rights-based approach to warfare. This chapter aims to trace this key trajectory in international law, providing an overview of the ongoing struggle to ensure human rights in armed conflict. This article will explore the historical milestones and turning points that have shaped the landscape of human rights protection in the context of armed conflict. Starting from the birth of formalised international humanitarian law in the mi

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Brugger, Patrick. "ICRC operational security: staff safety in armed conflict and internal violence." International Review of the Red Cross 91, no. 874 (2009): 431–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383109990075.

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AbstractHumanitarian work, especially in conflict areas, has become more dangerous and every humanitarian organization is affected by serious security problems, constituting a threat to their staff and hampering much-needed activities on behalf of the victims of armed conflicts and other situations of collective armed violence. The article outlines the general approach of the ICRC to security issues and describes the pillars of the security policy it has adopted in the field to protect its operational staff.

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Khalifa Idris, Salah Adam, Aminuddin Bin Mustaffa, and Yusuf Kamaluddeen Ibrahim. "International Humanitarian Law Violations and Somali Armed Conflict; A Review." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 112 (April 20, 2025): 36–47. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.112.36.47.

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The main causes of the persistent Somali armed conflict are clannism, tribalism, economic hardship, and extreme poverty coupled with a protracted absence of legitimate governing institutions responsible to deliver the affairs of the state in the comity of nations. As such, various external actors intervene in an effort to mitigate the effects of the conflict and restore peace. Given that neither the Additional Protocol II of 1977 nor Article 3, Common to the Conventions, describe what an armed dispute is, there has been inherent confusion regarding whether or not a non-international armed conf

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Al-Fahdawi, Ahmed Abed Hassan. "International and National Criminal Responsibility for Employees of Private Military and Security Companies." Journal of AlMaarif University College 33, no. 3 (2022): 176–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51345/.v33i3.511.g289.

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The world is witnessing many armed conflicts, which played a prominent role in tearing the countries that were exposed to those conflicts, and therefore these conflicts prompted governments that are experiencing internal or external conflicts and turmoil to seek the assistance of private military and security companies in order to maintain their rule, and the services provided by these companies are Several, including training, providing advice and intelligence information, as well as securing convoys and transporting supplies, but their progress increased to the point of participating with th

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Klabbers, Jan. "Safeguarding the Organizational Acquis: The EU's External Practice." International Organizations Law Review 4, no. 1 (2007): 57–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157237307x223620.

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AbstractTreaty conflict is one of the more significant practical issues in international law these days, in particular as the law of treaties is unable to solve the most difficult emanations. With international organizations, there is the added consideration that the organization may wish to preserve its internal legal order. The present paper investigates the practice of the EC/EU plus its member states, trying to chart the techniques used by them in order to solve or prevent treaty conflicts. It presents a taxonomy of this practice as well as an interpretation.

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