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Journal articles on the topic 'Internal effects of load'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lima, Ricardo Franco, Ana Silva, José Afonso, Henrique Castro, and Filipe Manuel Clemente. "External and internal Load and their Effects on Professional Volleyball Training." International Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 07 (2020): 468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1087-2183.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study was twofold: (i) characterize the external and internal training load of professional volleyball players with a focus on intra-week changes and (ii) test the relationships between internal and external load measures. Eight male professional players (age: 23.0±5.22 yo; body mass: 84.5 ± 7.58 kg; height: 193.0±9.71 cm; BMI: 22.0±0.02 kg/m2) were monitored daily over 15 weeks. The monitoring process included both internal (rate of perceived exertion [RPE] and session-RPE [s-RPE]) and external load variables, which were measured by an inertial measurement unit. Re

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Frantziskonis, G. "Surface Effects in Brittle Materials and Internal Length Estimation." Applied Mechanics Reviews 45, no. 3S (1992): S62—S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3121392.

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The concept of state of degradation is employed as a tool to study the effect of initial material (structure) inhomogeneity and the implications of surface (skin) effects on brittle material response. The initial heterogeneity pattern and its growth under external load is studied experimentally via ultrasonic scanning measurements on prismatic simulated rock samples subjected to mechanical load. Numerical solutions are compared with the experimental results. The skin effects are also studied experimentally through the spatial variation of dissipated energy within the samples tested. In additio

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3

Iannaccone, Alice, Daniele Conte, Cristina Cortis, and Andrea Fusco. "Usefulness of Linear Mixed-Effects Models to Assess the Relationship between Objective and Subjective Internal Load in Team Sports." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020392.

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Internal load can be objectively measured by heart rate-based models, such as Edwards’ summated heart rate zones, or subjectively by session rating of perceived exertion. The relationship between internal loads assessed via heart rate-based models and session rating of perceived exertion is usually studied through simple correlations, although the Linear Mixed Model could represent a more appropriate statistical procedure to deal with intrasubject variability. This study aimed to compare conventional correlations and the Linear Mixed Model to assess the relationships between objective and subj

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Chan, Leonard C. Y., and Neil W. Page. "Particle fractal and load effects on internal friction in powders." Powder Technology 90, no. 3 (1997): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-5910(96)03228-7.

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5

Visweswara Rao, G. "Linear Dynamics of an Elastic Beam Under Moving Loads." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 122, no. 3 (2000): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1303822.

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The dynamic response of an Euler-Bernoulli beam under moving loads is studied by mode superposition. The inertial effects of the moving load are included in the analysis. The time-dependent equations of motion in modal space are solved by the method of multiple scales. Instability regions of parametric resonance are identified and the moving mass effect is shown to significantly affect the transient response of the beam. Importance of modal interaction arising out of the possible internal resonance is highlighted. While the external resonance is due to the gravity effects of the moving load, t

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Lu, Hai Xiang, Jing Hua Diao, and Zeng Zhi Li. "Research on the Selecting Control Sections of Internal Force Envelope by Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1467.

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The simulation optimization of internal force envelope in plane bar structure subjected to complex moving loads, including arbitrary concentrated force, concentrated couple, linearly distributed force and etc, was mainly discussed. By means of Vsap2011, the plane bar structure analyzing software, the effects of internal force envelope’s control sections on the solving precision of internal force envelope were analyzed. The research had reached to some important conclusions that in order to the obtain higher solving precision of internal force envelope, the element passed by moving loads should

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MA, XIN-LONG, JIAN-XIONG MA, TAO MA, et al. "THE BIOMECHANICAL EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT INTERNAL FIXATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 13, no. 01 (2013): 1350004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519413500048.

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The objective of this study was to contrast the biomechanical effects of standard internal fixations for femoral neck fracture treatment and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the ideal internal fixation in the clinic. Twelve artificial PMMA femoral models were selected, and the central necks of the specimens were sawn with a electric saw at Pauwels angle of 70° to form an adduction-type femoral neck fracture model. After anatomic reduction, we fixed the specimens respectively with the DHS, three hollow screws, PFN, and dynamic sleeve three-wing screw according to the operative a

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Hosseini-Toudeshky, Hossein, and Ebrahim Fadaei. "Effects of Composite Patch Geometry on Collapse Load of Pressurized Steel Pipes with Internal Longitudinal Flaws." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.381.

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Abstract. Internal and/or external corrosions may frequently occur in pressurized pipes in offshore engineering components and many other industries. Corrosion defects reduce the collapse load of pipes, which can be improved by composite repairs. In this article, elastic-plastic finite elements analyses of pressurized repaired pipes with internal longitudinal flaws are performed to obtain the plastic collapse loads of them. The effects of composite patch geometries such as thickness and length on the improved collapse loads of repaired pipes are investigated. It is shown that the limit load of

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Yousuff, M., and N. W. Page. "Particle material, morphology and load effects on internal friction in powders." Powder Technology 76, no. 2 (1993): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-5910(05)80023-3.

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10

Sutarja, Nyoman, Gede Pringgana, and Made Wikrama. "The effects of earthquake and tsunami loadings on structural behavior of reinforced concrete building." Journal of Applied Engineering Science 19, no. 2 (2021): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-25655.

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This study aimed to evaluate the performance of structures such as drift ratios and internal forces arising on structural components due to earthquake and tsunami loads. The structures were modeled in three dimensions with varying heights of 3, 5, and 7-story according to the allowable building height in Bali, Indonesia. The earthquake load was designed in accordance with Indonesian standard SNI-1726-2012 and Tsunami loading refers to FEMA P646-2012. Three different loads were applied namely earthquake load, combined tsunami load 1 (T1), and combined tsunami load 2 (T2). The results showed tha

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Daniels, Tim R., John Tak-Choy Lau, and Trevor C. Hearn. "The Effects of Foot Position and Load on Tibial Nerve Tension." Foot & Ankle International 19, no. 2 (1998): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079801900204.

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Patients with tarsal tunnel syndrome of unknown etiology do poorly after surgical decompression. Although surgical decompression addresses the soft tissue constraints, it ignores the role of osseous support. Some authors have suggested that a pes planus deformity (i.e., valgus hindfoot and abducted forefoot) is an unrecognized cause of tarsal tunnel syndrome due to increased tibial nerve tension. An in vitro study was performed on nine cadaveric feet to determine the effects of foot position and load on tibial nerve tension. Tensile forces placed through the tibial nerve were measured when the

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Wang, Long Fei, and Mu Yu Liu. "Effects of Stable Cable on Ultimate Load-Carrying Capacity of Long-Span Composite Girder Cable-Stayed Bridge with Three Pylons." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2337.

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On the background of a long-span composite girder cable-stayed bridge with three pylons under construction for research, this paper establishes two models of the whole bridge by considering the structural geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and interface slip effect in composite girder, one has stable cables between pylons but the other hasn’t, then comparatively studies the failure loads and structural internal forces of the two models to achieve effects of stable cable on the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the cable-stayed bridge. This research shows that the stable cables can

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Ma, Yan Yan, Kai Fu Zhang, Zhao Jun Yang, and Yuan Li. "Effects of Impact on the Failure of CFRP/Al Bonded Single-Lap Joints with Different Overlap Length." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.814.

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A parametric study on CFRP/Al adhesively bonded single lap joints was experimentally conducted. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effects of overlap length and impact loads on the failure mode and failure load of joints. Experimental results show that structural failure of joints occurred in the adhesive layer or the bonded interface; failure loads and impact resistance of the joint increased as the overlap length increased; the carrying load of joints which subjected to impact declined significantly because of internal damage of the adhesive layer.

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Autio, Wesley R., and Duane W. Greene. "EFFECTS OF CROP LOAD AND HARVEST ON APPLE RIPENING." HortScience 25, no. 6 (1990): 624b—624. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.6.624b.

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Studies were conducted in 1989 to determine the effects of crop load and percent harvested on apple ripening. Twenty-seven `Golden Delicious' trees were selected and partitioned into 9 blocks. The crop load on one tree in each block was adjusted to 3.4, 6.9, or 15.0 fruit cm-1 trunk circumference in late June. Internal ethylene was measured in 6-fruit samples taken from each tree on 25 Sept., 2, 9, and 16 Oct. Increasing crop load had a significant linear effect on delaying ripening. Approximately 11 days separated the ripening of fruit from the 3.4 fruit cm-1 and the 15.0 fruit cm-1 treatment

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15

Zhiming,, Lu, Jin Jie,, Gao Zengliang, and, and Qin Yi. "Effects of Axial Deformation Load on In-Plane Instability of U-Shaped Bellows." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 125, no. 4 (2003): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1613302.

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The in-plane instability pressure of U-shaped bellows can be calculated by Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association standards formulas where only the internal pressure load is taken into account, in this paper, the effects of axial deformation load is presented. The in-plane instability tests are designed based on variety load conditions: internal pressure together with zero, tensile and compressive deformation. It is concluded that the in-plane instability critical pressure of bellows under compressive deformation is apparently lower than that under zero deformation, and the in-plane instabi

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16

Esmaeili, Alireza, Andrew M. Stewart, William G. Hopkins, George P. Elias, and Robert J. Aughey. "Effects of Training Load and Leg Dominance on Achilles and Patellar Tendon Structure." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, s2 (2017): S2–122—S2–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0397.

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Purpose:Detrimental changes in tendon structure increase the risk of tendinopathies. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of individual internal and external training loads and leg dominance on changes in the Achilles and patellar tendon structure. Methods:The internal structure of the Achilles and patellar tendons of both limbs of 26 elite Australian footballers was assessed using ultrasound tissue characterization at the beginning and the end of an 18-wk preseason. Linear-regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of training load on changes in the proportion of a

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Kim, Jeong-Kil, Young-Jun Park, Geun-Ho Lee, and Jae-Hoon Kim. "Effects of Bearing Internal Clearance on the Load Distribution and Load Sharing in the Pitch Reducer for Wind Turbines." Journal of The Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers 22, no. 1 (2013): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7735/ksmte.2013.22.1.29.

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Brandauer, B., D. Timmann, A. Häusler, and J. Hermsdörfer. "Influences of Load Characteristics on Impaired Control of Grip Forces in Patients With Cerebellar Damage." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 2 (2010): 698–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00337.2009.

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Various studies showed a clear impairment of cerebellar patients to modulate grip force in anticipation of the loads resulting from movements with a grasped object. This failure corroborated the theory of internal feedforward models in the cerebellum. Cerebellar damage also impairs the coordination of multiple-joint movements and this has been related to deficient prediction and compensation of movement-induced torques. To study the effects of disturbed torque control on feedforward grip-force control, two self-generated load conditions with different demands on torque control—one with movemen

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Barroso, Renato, Diego F. Salgueiro, Everton C. do Carmo, and Fábio Y. Nakamura. "The Effects of Training Volume and Repetition Distance on Session Rating of Perceived Exertion and Internal Load in Swimmers." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 7 (2015): 848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0410.

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Purpose:To assess swimmers’ session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) after standardized sets of interval swimming training performed at the same relative intensity but with different total volume and repetition distance.Methods:Thirteen moderately trained swimmers (21.1 ± 1.1 y, 178 ± 6 cm, 74.1 ± 8.3 kg, 100-m freestyle 60.2 ± 2.9 s) performed 4 standardized sets (10 × 100-m, 20 × 100-m, 10 × 200-m, and 5 × 400-m) at the same relative intensity (ie, critical speed), and 1 coach (age 31 y, 7 y coaching experience) rated their efforts. Swimmers’ sRPE was assessed 30 min after the training se

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20

Sahoo, Vineet, and Rathindranath Maiti. "Static load sharing by tooth pairs in contact in internal involute spur gearing with thin rimmed pinion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 4 (2016): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215618424.

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Involute toothed internal−external standard gear sets are modeled for load-sharing by the teeth pairs in mesh along the line of contact. An analytical solution is proposed. Considering the rigid body in rotation, it is assumed that angular rotation of a gear with respect to the other gear due to deformation along the line of contact is equal. The sum of the normal loads in all tooth pairs in contacts, which equals to the total transmitted load, is considered constant. All possible deformations such as, tooth bending deflection, tooth compressive (contact) deformation, tooth foundation deflecti

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Volkova, Valeriya G., Amanda M. Black, and Sarah J. Kenny. "Internal Training Load Measures in Elite Adolescent Ballet Dancers." Journal of Dance Medicine & Science 24, no. 4 (2020): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12678/1089-313x.24.4.175.

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Training load has been identified as a risk factor for musculoskeletal injury in sport, but little is known about the effects of training load in dance. The purpose of this study was to describe adolescent dancers' internal training load (ITL) and compare objective and subjective measures of ITL using heart rate (HR) training impulse methods and session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE), respectively. Fifteen female elite adolescent ballet dancers at a vocational dance school volunteered to participate in the study. Internal training load data using HR and sRPE were collected over 9 days of

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Viribay, Aitor, Soledad Arribalzaga, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso, Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, Jesús Seco-Calvo, and Aritz Urdampilleta. "Effects of 120 g/h of Carbohydrates Intake during a Mountain Marathon on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Elite Runners." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (2020): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051367.

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Background—exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and internal exercise load are increased after competing in ultraendurance events such as mountain marathons. Adequate carbohydrate (CHO) intake during exercise optimizes athletic performance and could limit EIMD, reduce internal exercise load and, thus, improve recovery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to research into and compare the effects of high CHO intake (120 g/h) in terms of CHO intake recommendation (90 g/h) and regular CHO intake performed by ultraendurance athletes (60 g/h) during a mountain marathon, on exercise load and EIMD m

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Santos, Fernando J., Carlos E. L. Verardi, Mayra Grava de Moraes, et al. "Effects of Pitch Size and Goalkeeper Participation on Physical Load Measures during Small-Sided Games in Sub-Elite Professional Soccer Players." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (2021): 8024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178024.

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This study sought to examine the variations of internal and external load measures in soccer players when performing different types of 4 vs. 4 small-sided games (SSGs). Ten U-23 professional and sub-elite soccer players, eight outfield players (age: 20.1 ± 1.5 years old; height: 1.83 ± 0.04 m; total body mass: 76.1 ± 3.6 kg) and two goalkeepers (GK) (age: 20.5 ± 2.1 years old; height: 1.91 ± 0.04 m; total body mass: 77.0 ± 1.4 kg) participated in the study. Five SSGs were performed with 3 min duration and 3 min rest interval. SSG1, SSG2 and SSG4 aimed for ball possession play, while in SSG3 a

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Xu, Bing Ye, Ying Hua Liu, Xian He Du, and Gang Chen. "Numerical Limit Load Analysis of Pipelines with Local Wall-Thinning." Key Engineering Materials 626 (August 2014): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.626.482.

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Local wall-thinning, which can be found frequently on the surfaces of pipelines, may not only reduce the load-carrying capacities of pipelines, but also cause serious industrial accidents. In this paper, through a large number of computational examples, the effects of axial, circumferential, small area and large area local wall-thinning with different sizes on load-carrying capacities and failure modes of pipelines under both internal pressure and bending moment were investigated and evaluated. By data fitting, an engineering computational formula for plastic limit loads of pipelines with loca

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Lorenzo-Martínez, Miguel, Vicente M. de Dios-Álvarez, Alexis Padrón-Cabo, Pablo B. Costa, and Ezequiel Rey. "Effects of score-line on internal and external load in soccer small-sided games." International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 20, no. 2 (2020): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2020.1736938.

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Sauer, Harry J., Ronald H. Howell, and Zijie Wang. "Combined Solar and Internal Load Effects on Selection of Heat Reclaim-Economizer HVAC Systems." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 112, no. 2 (1990): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929651.

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The concern for energy conservation has led to the development and use of heat recovery systems which reclaim the building internal heat before it is discarded in the exhaust air. On the other hand, economizer cycles have been widely used for many years in a variety of types of HVAC systems. Economizer cycles are widely accepted as a means to reduce operating time for chilling equipment when cool outside air is available. It has been suggested that heat reclaim systems should not be used in conjunction with an HVAC system which incorporates an economizer cycle because the economizer operation

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Ungureanu, Alexandru Nicolae, Paolo Riccardo Brustio, Gennaro Boccia, Alberto Rainoldi, and Corrado Lupo. "Effects of Presession Well-Being Perception on Internal Training Load in Female Volleyball Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 5 (2021): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0387.

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Purpose: To evaluate if the internal training load (ITL; Edwards heart rate [HR]-based and session-rating of perceived exertion [RPE] methods) is affected by the presession well-being perception, age, and position in elite (ie, Serie A2) female volleyball training. Methods: Twelve female elite volleyball players (age: 22 [4] y, height: 1.80 [0.06] m, body mass: 74.1 [4.3] kg) were monitored using an HR monitor during 32 team training sessions (duration: 1:36:12 [0:22:24], in h:min:s). Linear mixed-effects models were applied to evaluate if well-being perception (ie, perceived sleep quality/dis

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Rotoloni, D. F., and A. K. Dhalla. "A Procedure to Incorporate Effects of Seismic Events in a Quasi-Static Piping System Inelastic Analysis." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 107, no. 2 (1985): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264428.

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Inelastic analysis of a prototypic liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) piping system is generally performed without explicit consideration of time-dependent seismic loading. This paper presents an approximate procedure to simulate dynamic seismic loading as an equivalent static load for inelastic analysis. This procedure utilizes the results of the available linear seismic response spectrum analysis to calculate external (statically equivalent) loads. These statically equivalent loads are selected such that they produce internal forces and moments comparable to those predicted by the lin

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Zhang, Haibo, Shijing Wu, and Zeming Peng. "A nonlinear dynamic model for analysis of the combined influences of nonlinear internal excitations on the load sharing behavior of a compound planetary gear set." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 7-8 (2015): 1048–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215597958.

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Nonlinear internal excitations, which include meshing stiffness, backlash, and bearing clearance, may cause nonuniform load distribution in compound planetary gear transmission. To quantify the influence of nonlinear internal excitations on load sharing behavior, and to study the combined effects of meshing stiffness, backlash, and bearing clearance on load sharing behavior, this paper develops a nonlinear dynamic model of a Ravigneaux compound planetary gear set with all members possessing translational and torsional vibration degrees of freedom, as an extend dynamic model to the prior resear

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Field, Gill, Uthoff, and Plews. "Acute Metabolic Changes with Lower Leg-Positioned Wearable Resistances during Submaximal Running in Endurance-Trained Runners." Sports 7, no. 10 (2019): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7100220.

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The aim of this study was to determine the acute metabolic effects of different magnitudes of wearable resistance (WR) attached to the lower leg during submaximal running. Fifteen endurance-trained runners (37.8 ± 6.4 years; 1.77 ± 0.7 m; 72.5 ± 9.8 kg; 58.9 ± 7.4 L/min VO2max; 45.7 ± 5.8 min 10 K run time) completed seven submaximal running trials with WR loads of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3% body mass (BM). Based on regression data, for every 1% BM increase of additional load, oxygen consumption (VO2) increased by 2.56% and heart rate increased by 1.16%. Inferential based analysis identifie

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Lifits, S. A., S. I. Anisimov, and J. Meyer-ter-Vehn. "Shock Waves produced by Impulsive Load: Equation of State Effects." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 47, no. 3 (1992): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1992-0301.

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Abstract A numerical study of the flow after impulsive load of a plane material surface is carried out. It is shown that the flow is asymptotically self-similar provided one can neglect the cold components in the equation of state. In this case the effective exponent s(t) = d l n (X s) / d ln(t), derived from the shock trajectory Xs (t) does not depend on the initial pressure pulse and approaches the exponent α of the self-similar problem for time t →∞. For equations of state containing a cold pressure term, s (t) is larger than α and changes non-monotonically with time. Some features of the f

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Wang, Jungang, Shinan Yang, Yande Liu, and Ruina Mo. "Analysis of Load-Sharing Behavior of the Multistage Planetary Gear Train Used in Wind Generators: Effects of Random Wind Load." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (2019): 5501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245501.

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Load-sharing behavior is very important for power-split gearing systems. Taking the multistage planetary gear train transmission of an Million Watt (MW) wind generator as the investigation object, and based on the gear transmission system of a wind generator in a complex and changing load environment, a random wind model of a wind farm is built by using the two-parameter Weibull distribution. According to the realistic working region of the wind generator, the random wind speed is changed into time-varying input speed of the wind generator gear box. Considering the internal excitation, such as

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Ismail, M. S., B. T. H. T. Baharudin, S. A. Yahya, and H. A. Kahar. "Finite Element Analysis of Composite Cylinder with Centre Cutout under Axial Load and Internal Pressure." Advanced Materials Research 701 (May 2013): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.701.425.

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Results from Finite Element (FE) study on the response of composite cylinder shells with cutouts and subjected to internal pressure and axial compression are presented. The objective of the study is to improving the buckling load by applying the internal pressure whilst the compression load is applied. The effect of localized stress concentration distributed around the cutout region also being examined. The numerical results are obtained using ABAQUS finite element code software package. The composite cylinder shells were tested in two conditions which are a combination of axial compression lo

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Lee, Hye Won, Yong Seok Lee, Jonggun Kim, Kyoung Jae Lim, and Jung Hyun Choi. "Contribution of Internal Nutrients Loading on the Water Quality of a Reservoir." Water 11, no. 7 (2019): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071409.

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Sediment plays an important role in the water quality of a lake by acting as both a nutrient source and sink. The amount of phosphorus and nitrogen in the water depends on the internal load from the sediment as well as the external load. To estimate the effects of sediment load on the water quality of a reservoir, we applied a three-dimensional hydrodynamic and transport model based on the benthic chamber experimental results at Euiam Lake, South Korea. As shown in the sensitivity analysis results, the eutrophication period could be significantly extended by a change of phosphorus flux rates f

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Zheng, Run Guo, and Zai Ji Zhan. "Effects of Load on the Wear Behaviors of Cu-Based Composite under Different Electrical Currents." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.90.

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A new type Cu-La2O3 composite was fabricated by internal oxidation method using powder metallurgy. The sliding behavior of the Cu-La2O3 composites was studied using a pin-on-disk wear tester under different electrical currents and different applied loads. The worn surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to determine the wear mechanisms. The results showed that the wear rate and friction coefficient of the La2O3 composites pins increased with the increase of the applied load at low electrical current, while at high electrical curr

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Dobratic, Predrag, Mileta Ristivojevic, Bozidar Rosic, Radivoje Mitrovic, and Dragan Trifkovic. "Mathematical model of energy efficiency in internal spur gears." Thermal Science 23, Suppl. 5 (2019): 1801–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180118074d.

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The impact of geometric parameters of teeth and lubricating oils to the efficiency of involute internal spur gears, when the transverse contact ratio is 2 < ?? ?3, has been analyzed in this paper. The mathematical model and computer program for determining the current and the effective value of the efficiency have been developed. The influence of the character of load distribution and energy losses due to heating effects during the meshing period is included in the factor of load distribution. The results of computer simulation are given in the form of a diagram of the current values of the

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Forsström, Antti, Yuriy Yagodzinskyy, and Hannu Hänninen. "Hydrogen effects on mechanical performance of nodular cast iron." Corrosion Reviews 37, no. 5 (2019): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2019-0007.

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AbstractThe KBS-3 method for long-term disposal of spent nuclear fuel is designed with an external self-standing copper shell, which provides the most important barrier against corrosion and escape of radionuclides, and an internal nodular cast iron insert, which provides the load-bearing structure against external loads. The material intended for the load-bearing insert is ferritic nodular cast iron EN 1563 grade EN-GJS-400-15U. In this paper, hydrogen uptake and sensitivity to hydrogen-induced cracking of the cast iron were studied using tensile testing under continuous electrochemical charg

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Ross, Stephanie A., and James M. Wakeling. "Muscle shortening velocity depends on tissue inertia and level of activation during submaximal contractions." Biology Letters 12, no. 6 (2016): 20151041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.1041.

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In order to perform external work, muscles must do additional internal work to deform their tissue, and in particular, to overcome the inertia due to their internal mass. However, the contribution of the internal mass within a muscle to the mechanical output of that muscle has only rarely been studied. Here, we use a dynamic, multi-element Hill-type muscle model to examine the effects of the inertial mass within muscle on its contractile performance. We find that the maximum strain-rate of muscle is slower for lower activations and larger muscle sizes. As muscle size increases, the ability of

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Yan, Yuan Jun, and Li Ping Qin. "Analysis of Time Effects in Steel and Concrete Composite Beams Considering Relative Slippage." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.260.

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The effects of creep and shrinkage of concrete is non-ignorable to strength of steel and concrete composite beams under sustained load, and the relative slippage should be considered for internal force. Time-dependent modulus method is presented, formulas of the stress and strain at any time are deduced considering creep, shrinkage and the relative slippage. The variational stress is analysed of the steel and concrete composite beams under sustained load.

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Navrátil, Jaroslav, Michal Drahorád, and Petr Ševčík. "Assessment of Load-Bearing Capacity of Bridges." Solid State Phenomena 259 (May 2017): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.259.113.

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The paper aims to the determination of load-bearing capacity of reinforced/prestressed concrete bridges subjected to the combination of all components of internal forces according to Eurocode standards for assessment of existing structures. Undoubtedly bridge load rating is laborious hand-iterative process, especially when it comes to reinforced and/or prestressed concrete bridges. The engineer can spend days and weeks trials and errors in the estimation of bridge load-carrying capacity. The problem lies in the determination of load-bearing capacity of cross-section subjected to the combinatio

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Poirier, Luc, Myron Pyzyk, Pierre Provencher, and Yves Lacourcière. "Comparative Effects of 2.5 and 5 mg Cilazapril Versus Placebo on Daily Blood Pressure Load." American Journal of Hypertension 4, no. 11 (1991): 913–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajh/4.11.913.

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Lima, Ricardo, Henrique de Oliveira Castro, José Afonso, et al. "Effects of Congested Fixture on Men’s Volleyball Load Demands: Interactions with Sets Played." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 6, no. 2 (2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6020053.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the external load, internal load, and technical efficacy between the first and the second matches (M1 and M2) occurring in congested fixtures (two matches in two days) using the number of sets as a moderating factor. An observational analytic research design was adopted. Data from official volleyball matches were collected during the first competitive period of the championship, comprising 14 competitive games within 10 weeks. Ten male elite volleyball athletes (age: 21.7 ± 4.19 years of age; experience: 6.2 ± 3.8 years; body mass: 85.7 ± 8.69 kg; heigh

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Sanyal, Prasenjit, and Sujit Kumar Dalui. "Effects of internal angle between limbs of “Y” plan shaped tall building under wind load." Journal of Building Engineering 33 (January 2021): 101843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101843.

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Lubarda, Vlado A. "Effects of a frictionless hinge on internal forces, deflections, and load capacity of beam structures." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 43, no. 4 (2015): 209–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306419015603893.

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Zheng, Jingyang, Jinchen Ji, Shan Yin, and Van-Canh Tong. "Fatigue life analysis of double-row tapered roller bearing in a modern wind turbine under oscillating external load and speed." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 15 (2020): 3116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220911966.

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Fatigue life analysis of roller bearing is usually performed for bearings under constant rotating speed and invariant loading conditions. For the bearings used in offshore floating direct-drive wind turbines, they often experience oscillating motions with varying loading patterns, for which the standard fatigue life analysis is not valid due to the presence of fluctuating loads. This paper presents the fatigue life analysis of a double-row tapered roller bearing under oscillating external load and speed conditions, which is used to support the main shaft of a large modern direct-drive wind tur

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Li, Jian Qiao, Rui Yang Shi, Meng Zou, Ling He, Yan Jing Yang, and Hao Li. "Effects of Load Type on the Mechanical Properties of the JLU Series Lunar Soil Simulant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.479.

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The pressure-sinkage characteristics and the shear-strength characteristics of lunar regolith are the important influence factors to the trafficability of lunar rover. The performance curves and parameters of JLU luanr soil simulant were obtained by pressure-sinkage tests and shear-strength tests in the ground gravity-environmental load (1g) and the lunar gravity-environmental load (1/6g). The results show that, for the pressure-sinkage characteristics, the compression-strength of the JLU-1 is strongest, followed by the JLU-3, and the JLU-2 is the weakest. In different load levels, the deforma

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Castagna, Carlo, Stefano D’Ottavio, Stefano Cappelli, and Susana Cristina Araújo Póvoas. "The Effects of Long Sprint Ability–Oriented Small-Sided Games Using Different Ratios of Players to Pitch Area on Internal and External Load in Soccer Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 9 (2019): 1265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0645.

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Purpose: To examine the internal and external load imposed by long sprint ability–oriented small-sided games (SSG) using different ratios of players to pitch area (densities) in soccer players. Methods: A total of 19 professional soccer players from the same soccer club (age = 17.1 [0.3] y, height = 1.76 [0.69] m, and body mass = 69.7 [9.4] kg) participated in this study. Players performed 4 × 30-s (150 s recovery) all-out 1-vs-1 SSG considering 300, 200, and 100 m2 per player (48 h apart). Players’ external loads were tracked with global positioning technology (20 Hz). Heart rate, blood lacta

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Nwosu, D. I., A. S. J. Swamidas, and K. Munaswamy. "Numerical Stress Analysis of Internal Ring-Stiffened Tubular T-Joints." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 117, no. 2 (1995): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2827061.

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In order to design a tubular joint to carry a larger load and to possess a longer life, the prime objective of design would be to reduce stress concentration factor at the intersection of the joint; one method to achieve the same is to stiffen the joint with internal ring stiffeners. This paper presents results of the stress analysis for stress distribution, along the intersection of internally ring-stiffened tubular T-joints, under the action of axial and in-plane/out-of-plane (bending) loads, using degenerate shell elements. The stress analyses results are obtained using the general-purpose

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Gonçalves, Luiz Guilherme Cruz, Carlos Augusto Kalva-Filho, Fábio Yuzo Nakamura, et al. "Effects of Match-Related Contextual Factors on Weekly Load Responses in Professional Brazilian Soccer Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (2020): 5163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145163.

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This study aimed to quantify the weekly training load distributions according to match location, opponent standard, and match outcome in professional soccer players. Rate-of-perceived-exertion-based training load (sRPE) and distance- and accelerometry-based measures were monitored daily during 52 training sessions and 11 matches performed by 23 players. Athletes who played ≥ 60 min during non-congested weeks were considered for data analysis. The training days close to away matches (e.g., one day before the match = MD-1) presented greater sRPE, distance-based volume measures, and mechanical wo

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Wang, Shuhan, and Ke Zhong. "Effects of Configurations of Internal Walls on the Threshold Value of Operation Hours for Intermittent Heating Systems." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (2019): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040756.

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The heating load of intermittent heating is not always lower than that of continuous heating for heat storage and release of internal walls. Therefore, the threshold value of daily operation hours exists, and is affected by the configuration of internal walls. A comparative study is performed between continuous and intermittent heating modes to investigate the threshold value of daily operation hours for different internal wall configurations by employing computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models. Meanwhile, field tests on the temperature distribution within a thermal mass was carried out to va

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