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Journal articles on the topic 'Internal Jamaica Jamaica Jamaica'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Harris, Sasekea Yoneka. "SWOT analysis of Jamaican academic libraries in higher education." Library Management 39, no. 3/4 (June 11, 2018): 246–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-07-2017-0068.

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Purpose Academic libraries do not operate in a vacuum; they must co-exist with change and competition on all levels. In order to succeed, they must know their internal strengths in order to take advantage of opportunities, whilst avoiding threats and addressing weaknesses. A SWOT analysis of Jamaican academic libraries can yield strategic insights for academic library praxis in Jamaica, the Caribbean, and the globe. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Survey and discussion group were engaged for the five local academic libraries in higher education in Jamaica. Findings Human resources and support are the most recurrent themes in the reported strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Research limitations/implications This paper focused on local academic libraries in higher education (university level) in Jamaica. A survey of academic libraries at all levels, and using more detailed strategic analytical tools, would be a useful follow up. Practical implications This paper provides academic library managers and the national/regional library associations with a situational analysis of Jamaican academic librarianship, which can be used to inform future planning and management of library and information services. Additionally, the findings can inform the Latin America and Caribbean section of international library documents on trends, issues and future position of academic libraries globally. Originality/value This paper is of value as it is the first published scholarly documentation on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in academic librarianship in Jamaica. In this regard, it makes a useful contribution to the dearth of literature on SWOT analyses of academic libraries per country. It may also represent a starting point for looking at solutions and emerging challenges in a Caribbean academic library environment and should help to focus on the need for continuing innovation.

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Ferguson, Gail M., Maria I. Iturbide, and Marcela Raffaelli. "Proximal and Remote Acculturation: Adolescents’ Perspectives of Biculturalism in Two Contexts." Journal of Adolescent Research 35, no. 4 (August 16, 2019): 431–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558419868221.

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Immigration and globalization are at historic highs, making biculturalism, whether by way of immigration-based proximal acculturation or globalization-based remote acculturation, increasingly commonplace for adolescents. Using focus group interviews, this qualitative study explored Latinx adolescents’ ( n = 19, 13-19 years) views of proximal biculturalism in the United States, and Jamaican adolescents’ ( n = 15, 13-18 years) views of remote biculturalism in Jamaica in terms of the existence, adaptive value, and challenges of biculturalism. Findings of thematic analyses revealed that both groups of adolescents viewed biculturalism as possible in their respective contexts although differences in processes and mechanisms were evident. In addition, youth in both contexts saw biculturalism as beneficial for social and practical reasons. Finally, both groups acknowledged challenges related to biculturalism; however, internal conflicts based on physical appearance was a theme of discussion only among U.S. Latinxs, whereas problems fitting in were primary concerns for Jamaicans. Studying the similarities (and differences) between proximal and remote biculturalism can enrich biculturalism theory, and doing so from the adolescent point of view has important practical value by providing a fuller understanding of the experience of biculturalism among youth who are developing ethnic/cultural identities and planning their futures in diversifying cultural environments.

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Nwokocha, Magdalene, Cesar A. Romero, Cheryl Holder, Natalie Whylie, Hiu Wong, Joan Lietch, Rohan Wilks, et al. "Blood Pressure Screening Campaign in Jamaica: May Measurement Month 2017." American Journal of Hypertension 32, no. 12 (July 27, 2019): 1186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpz117.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Hypertension (HTN) is responsible for a significant disease burden in Jamaica. We are reporting the results of the 2017 blood pressure (BP) screening campaign May Measurement Month in Jamaica that aimed to increase the awareness of HTN. METHODS Adults, 18 years old and older, from different parishes of Jamaica were invited to participate during May to June 2017. Demographic data were collected. BP, weight, and height were measured and recorded. RESULTS Five hundred sixty-six participants (n = 566) were enrolled, 91.6% (519) from urban areas, and 72.6% (410) were females. The average age was 53.7 (18–95) years old and body mass index was 28.2 ± 6.6 kg/m2. The prevalence of HTN was 47.3% (267/566), without gender or living areas differences (both P > 0.1). Prevalence of HTN was lower in those who self-identified as Interracial ethnicity, in comparison with Afro-Caribbean (33% vs. 48.3%; P = 0.04). About third of the hypertensive patients were not aware of the high BP (89/267; 35.6%). Between hypertensive patients, 64.4% (172/267) were receiving antihypertensive drugs. The rate of BP control was 32% of the hypertensive patients and 50% of those receiving antihypertensive medication. Significant lower BP control was observed between diabetic vs. nondiabetic patients (34.3% vs. 60%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of HTN in this population, especially in patients with diabetes or previous cardiovascular diseases. We report an increase in HTN awareness in Jamaica but more advances need to be performed to increase HTN treatment and control.

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Logie, Carmen H., Kathleen S. Kenny, Ashley Lacombe-Duncan, Kandasi Levermore, Nicolette Jones, Ava Neil, Tyrone Ellis, Annecka Marshall, and Peter A. Newman. "Social–ecological factors associated with HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Jamaica." International Journal of STD & AIDS 29, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462417717652.

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In Jamaica, where homosexuality is criminalized, scant research has examined associations between sexual stigma and HIV infection. The study objective was to examine correlates of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Jamaica. We conducted a cross-sectional tablet-based survey with MSM in Jamaica using chain referral sampling. We assessed socio-demographic, individual, social, and structural factors associated with HIV infection. A logit-link model, fit using backwards-stepwise regression, was used to estimate a final multivariable model. Among 498 participants (median age: 24, interquartile range: 22–28), 67 (13.5%) were HIV-positive. In the multivariable model, HIV infection was associated with increased odds of socio-demographic (older age, odds ratio [OR]: 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.10]; residing in Kingston versus Ocho Rios [OR: 6.99, 95% CI 2.54–19.26]), individual (poor/fair versus excellent/good self-rated health [OR: 4.55, 95% CI: 1.81–11.42], sexually transmitted infection [STI] history [OR: 3.67, 95% CI: 1.61–8.38]), and structural (enacted sexual stigma [OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.15], having a health care provider [OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.06–4.66]) factors. This is among the first studies to demonstrate associations between sexual stigma and HIV infection in Jamaica. Findings underscore the need to integrate STI testing in the HIV care continuum and to address stigma and regional differences among MSM in Jamaica.

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Ekundayo, Olaniyi J., Joana Dodson-Stallworth, Michelle Roofe, Inmaculada B. Aban, Mirjam C. Kempf, John E. Ehiri, and Pauline E. Jolly. "Prevalence and Correlates of Depressive Symptoms Among High School Students in Hanover, Jamaica." Scientific World JOURNAL 7 (2007): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.104.

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The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Jamaican adolescents and examine its association with individual and family factors. We used an abbreviated form of the Beck's Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) to assess depressive symptoms among 748 students, attending public high schools in the parish of Hanover Jamaica. In the analysis, we classified adolescents with scores in the upper quartile of the depressive symptom score as having depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of depressive symptoms. 14.2% of participants reported depressive symptoms. There was association between engagement in sexual activity [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.02-2.51], parental monitoring of adolescent activity (OR=2.04, 95%CI=1.33 -3.12), maternal affection and support (OR= 4.07, 95%CI= 2.62-6.33), and paternal affection and support (OR= 1.58, 95%CI= 1.05-2.39) with self reported depressive symptoms at the bivariate level. In the final model, depressive symptoms was associated with perceived lack of maternal affection and support (OR= 4.06, 95%CI= 2.61-6.32) and showed marginal association with being sexually experienced (OR= 1.59, 95%CI= 1.00-2.52). As most homes are female-headed, establishing support systems for the mother to take care of their adolescent children may decrease the odds of depressive symptoms. Sexually experienced adolescents may require screening for depression. Further research is required to fully explore all factors that could predispose Jamaican adolescents to depression.

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Santosh, Arvind Babu R., James R. Collins, Thaon Jones, Michael Brache, Milagros Toro, Sona Tumanyan, Christine Walters, Sharon White, and Augusto Elias-Boneta. "The SmoCar Study: A Caribbean-Based Multicenter Study on the Prevalence and Disparities Linked to Smoking and Gingival Health." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 40, no. 4 (December 22, 2019): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x19895901.

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The aim of the SmoCar (Smoking in the Caribbean) study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking and the disparities in the smoking practices of three regions in the Caribbean: Jamaica, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. The secondary objective was to assess the prevalence and severity of gingivitis in relation to the smoking practices. The study population comprised 1,847 (weighted N = 1,830) individuals (18 years and older) who were volunteer participants from the capitals of Jamaica, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. A structured interview was used to assess the participants’ smoking behaviors. The gingival index was used to determine the extent of gingival inflammation. Polytomous regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for smoking status (current, past, or never), according to risk factors (sex, age-group, education, marital status, tooth-brushing frequency, and city of residence). Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between different smoking status variables and mild to moderate/severe gingivitis. The majority of the participants were never-smokers, with current smokers being found most commonly in Kingston (33.22%), followed by San Juan (12.76%) and Santo Domingo (8.8%). Both current (aOR = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [1.45, 3.40]) and past (aOR = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [1.19, 2.93]) smoking (vs. never smoking) was strongly associated with severe gingivitis. Smoking was the most prevalent in Jamaicans and the least prevalent in Dominicans. The study population of current smokers was found to have a fourfold increased risk of severe gingivitis and a twofold increased risk of moderate gingivitis.

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Esparza-Aguilar, Marina Elizabeth, and Wilson Rolando Chalco-Sandoval Chalco-Sandoval. "Cosecha y poscosecha de flor de jamaica y hierba luisa orgánica en el sector “La era” del canton Catamayo, provincia de Loja." Revista Investigación Agraria. 2, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47840/reina20215.

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The need of carrying a harvest and post-harvest management by the producers of aro ma tic plants is each time higher, however, since there are limitations to carry out these processes , the improvement of harvest and post-harvest management of organic a ro m atic h e rbs h a s been proposed as a main objective, for which a diagnosis was made through the application of surveys to farmers, where some inconveniences on the topic were identifie d a s w e ll a s the need of making a good harvest and post-harvest management for both Jamaica (Hibiscus) flower and lemongrass; based on these results, preliminary tests were made with fresh material and different packing types, stored at temperatures between 6.9 a n d 7 . 9 °C, then, definitive treatments were established and organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics were evaluated; with these results it was determined that Jamaica flower packed in a raffia and polypropylene sack with 6 holes and ref rige ra ted a t temperatures between 6.9 and 7.9 °C, preserved quality characteristics for 16 days; meanwhile, lemongrass packed in a 20 liter bucket and stored at the same temperature interval, had a useful lifetime of 17 days. Retail prices go up to 1.99 and 0.53 USD for Jamaica flower and lemongrass, respectively.

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Chung, Stephanie T., Gillian Gordon Perue, Ayesha Johnson, Novie Younger, Carla S. Hoo, Rosemarie Wright Pascoe, and Michael S. Boyne. "Predictors of hyperglycaemic crises and their associated mortality in Jamaica." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 73, no. 2 (August 2006): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2006.01.004.

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Sweeney. "Market Marronage: Fugitive Women and the Internal Marketing System in Jamaica, 1781–1834." William and Mary Quarterly 76, no. 2 (2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.76.2.0197.

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10

Ntakirutimana, Theoneste, Krystal Delaine Marcene Lyn, Jin Song Guo, Bai Zhan Li, and Xu Gao. "Assessment of Energy Use Performance of the St. James Parish Council (STJPC) and the Montego Bay Inland Revenue Department in Jamaica." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1732.

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Two office buildings in Montego Bay Jamaica were investigated in order to assess indoor environment and visualize building energy usage. The field survey was performed to obtain first hand data of occupant perception of their actual working environment. In this paper, the energy break and historical energy usage for the years 2010 and 2011 are presented. A questionnaire which was developed at the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) was modified and randomly issued to 210 building workers at both buildings. On examining the equipment currently being used in these buildings a building Energy Index (BEI) was used to identify and quantify inefficient of energy consumptions in both buildings. The results showed that the energy performance of the Internal revenue Department (IRD) is not in an efficient condition. However, the St. James Parish Council (St.JPC) is within the targeted BEI .The research also revealed that HVAC was the most energy consumptive in both buildings, followed by lighting, office equipment and Miscellaneous. We suggested that a comprehensive program of efficiency, improvement and energy diversification is required in Jamaica to provide high quality, affordable, environmentally-friendly energy and reduce the country’s dependence on high cost imported oil.

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Hauser, Mark W. "Linstead Market before Linstead? Eighteenth-century Yabbas and the Internal Market System of Jamaica." Caribbean Quarterly 55, no. 2 (June 2009): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00086495.2009.11829760.

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12

Thomas, P., D. Ashley, and G. W. Bernard. "Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcome of the Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Jamaica." Clinical and Experimental Hypertension. Part B: Hypertension in Pregnancy 9, no. 2 (January 1990): 169–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10641959009072253.

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Ferguson, Trevor S., Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Novie O. Younger, Michael S. Boyne, Rosemarie A. Wright-Pascoe, Victor E. Elliott, Jan Van den Broeck, and Rainford J. Wilks. "Cardiovascular disease among diabetic in-patients at a tertiary hospital in Jamaica." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 7, no. 3 (June 29, 2010): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164110374750.

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Forrester, Terrence, Norma McFarlane-Anderson, Rainford Wilks, Angel Puras, Richard Cooper, Charles Rotimi, Ramon Durazo, Duane Tewksbury, Linda Morrison, and Franklyn Bannet. "Angiotensinogen and blood pressure among blacks: findings from a community survey in Jamaica." Journal of Hypertension 14, no. 3 (March 1996): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-199603000-00007.

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Wilks, R., C. Rotimi, F. Bennett, N. McFarlane-Anderson, J. S. Kaufman, S. G. Anderson, R. S. Cooper, J. K. Cruickshank, and T. Forrester. "Diabetes in the Caribbean: results of a population survey from Spanish Town, Jamaica." Diabetic Medicine 16, no. 10 (October 1999): 875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00151.x.

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Liberski, Pawel P., Herbert Budka, and Amanda McRae. "Symposia on Neurodegenerative Disorders: Common Molecular Mechanisms, Ocho Rios, Jamaica, February 1993 * and April 1994." Amyloid 1, no. 3 (January 1994): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13506129409148452.

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GIBBS, WILLIAM N. "Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Jamaica and its Relation to Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma." Annals of Internal Medicine 106, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-3-361.

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Freeman, Vincent, Henry Fraser, Terrence Forrester, Rainford Wilks, John Cruickshank, Charles Rotimi, and Richard Cooper. "A comparative study of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates in St Lucia, Jamaica and Barbados." Journal of Hypertension 14, no. 4 (April 1996): 495???502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-199604000-00013.

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Donovan, Stephen K., and Christopher Veale. "The irregular echinoidsEchinoneusLeske andBrissusGray in the Cenozoic of the Antillean region." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 4 (July 1996): 632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600002360x.

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The extant irregular echinoidsEchinoneus cyclostomusLeske andBrissus unicolor(Leske) are reported from the middle Pleistocene of Barbados. The moderately robustE. cyclostomusis well-preserved, whileB. unicolor, which had a thin test in life, occurs as an internal mold. The holectypoidE. cyclostomus sensu latooccurs in fossiliferous deposits of Upper Oligocene to Pleistocene age in the Antillean region, showing remarkably little overall variation in test shape during this period. Similarly, gross morphological features of RecentB. unicolorare not dissimilar to those seen in some Caribbean species from the Paleogene, such asB.sp. cf.B. unicolorfrom the Middle Eocene of Jamaica. Superior fossil specimens will be required to determine if certain fossil species within these genera are valid. This analysis supports the observation that many taxa of the modern Antillean, shallow-water echinoid fauna have essentially persisted within the region since at least the Oligocene.

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Anderson, M. E., and M. K. Tulloch-Reid. ""She's Trying Her Best, Even Though She Gets on My Nerves": Diabetes and the Caregiver-Child Relationship in Jamaica." Diabetes Spectrum 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.26.2.131.

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Anger, Klaus, Gabriela Torres, and Uwe Nettelmann. "Adaptive traits in ecology, reproduction and early life history of Sesarma meridies, an endemic stream crab from Jamaica." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 8 (2007): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06176.

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The endemic Jamaican freshwater crab Sesarma meridies lives in shady microhabitats on river banks, where temperature and pH are lower and ion concentrations higher than in mid-stream water. Ovigerous females were found to release up to 140 yolk-rich larvae (hatching period: 1 week; >90% at night). Larval development comprised two fully lecithotrophic zoeal stages and a feeding megalopa, which was also able to develop without food (facultative lecithotrophy). After metamorphosis in complete absence of food, juvenile crabs showed reduced body size, delayed moulting, and enhanced mortality. Endotrophic development was fuelled by internal lipid reserves; proteins were conserved as structural components of tissues and organs. Fed megalopae enhanced their protein content rather than re-stocking previously lost lipid reserves. Ecdysial biomass (CHN) losses were very low (zoeal stages: 1–2%; megalopa: 3–7%), showing an energy-saving production of thin exuviae. An extended hatching period may reduce intraspecific competition or cannibalism among juveniles; nocturnal hatching should reduce the predation on larvae. Large egg size, enhanced yolk reserves, an extended embryonic development (7 weeks at 24°C; implying a prolonged period of brood care), abbreviated and partially food-independent larval development, and reduced exuvial losses are considered as life-history adaptations to unpredictable planktonic food availability in the breeding habitat.

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Duncan, Jacqueline P., Marshall K. Tulloch‐Reid, Heather Reid‐Jones, and J. Peter Figueroa. "Use of a simplified clinical audit tool to evaluate hypertension and diabetes management in primary care clinics in Jamaica." Journal of Clinical Hypertension 22, no. 7 (June 9, 2020): 1275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jch.13901.

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Nehm, Ross H., and Dana H. Geary. "A gradual morphologic transition during a rapid speciation event in marginellid gastropods (Neogene: Dominican Republic)." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 4 (July 1994): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000026226.

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We document a speciation event between two species of Prunum (Marginellidae: Gastropoda) in Pliocene strata of the northern Dominican Republic. The ancestral species, P. coniforme, is widely distributed in the Mio-Pliocene of the Dominican Republic and Jamaica, and has a range of at least 11 m.y. The descendant species, P. christineladdae, is endemic to the northern Dominican Republic. The ancestral species persists after its descendant arises. The transition between species is marked by stratigraphic and morphologic intermediates, and occurs during an interval estimated to be between 73,000 and 275,000 years (representing 0.6-2.5 percent of the duration of the ancestral species). Although the transition takes more than a geologic instant, the overall pattern of morphologic change is best described by the model of punctuated equilibrium. The change between species apparently involved a habitat shift into deeper water, and occurred during accelerated deepening. All of the Neogene Dominican species of Prunum appear to have had depth-defined ranges.

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Kennedy Cruickshank, J., and S. A. Alleyne. "Black West Indian and Matched White Diabetics in Britain Compared With Diabetics in Jamaica: Body Mass, Blood Pressure, and Vascular Disease." Diabetes Care 10, no. 2 (March 1, 1987): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.10.2.170.

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Gowricharn, Ruben. "Ethnogenesis: The Case of British Indians in the Caribbean." Comparative Studies in Society and History 55, no. 2 (April 2013): 388–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417513000078.

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AbstractAs a concept, ethnogenesis presupposes a category of individuals that are not a group becomes a group. Most accounts of ethnogenesis exhibit two features: they confuse ethnogenesis with the resilience of ethnicity, and they describe the “emergence” of ethnic groups as a response to external circumstances. This paper deviates from these perspectives by adopting a primordial approach, arguing that internal rather than external forces generate group cohesion. I establish three related propositions: First, while the debate between the so-called “circumstantialists” and “primordialists” suggests that these perspectives can be used interchangeably depending on scholarly preference, I argue that a “primacy” holds in favor of the primordial perspective. Second, I assert that this primordial perspective must be redefined, since ethnogenesis always incorporates “external” elements, thus changing and adapting to specific social and physical ecologies. Consequently, an ethnic group is constituted by the content of the ethnicity which functions as “boundaries.” Third, I contend that the emergence of primordial (though adjusted) ethnicity is not a “natural” process but instead requires actors that shape it, and that the initiatives of ethnic leaders are crucial in this regard. These propositions are established through a comparison of British Indians in the three former Caribbean plantation colonies of Suriname, Guyana, and Jamaica.

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Girón, Jennifer C., and Nico M. Franz. "Phylogenetic assessment of the Caribbean weevil genus Lachnopus Schoenherr (Coleoptera:Curculionidae:Entiminae)." Invertebrate Systematics 26, no. 1 (2012): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is11033.

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The genus Lachnopus Schoenherr (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Entiminae : Geonemini Gistel), with 66 species described to date, is the largest and most widespread entimine weevil genus in the Caribbean region. The monophyly and internal phylogenetic composition of Lachnopus are tested, using a cladistic analysis of 61 adult morphological characters of 31 ingroup species and five outgroup taxa representing the genera Diaprepes Schoenherr, Exophthalmus Schoenherr, Pachnaeus Schoenherr (all Eustylini), Ischionoplus Chevrolat (Geonemini) and Apodrosus Marshall (Polydrusini). The analysis produced two most parsimonious cladograms with a length of 167 steps, a consistency index of 36 and a retention index of 73. According to the strict consensus and preferred character state optimisations, the examined species of Lachnopus do not form a monophyletic entity, even though most species are placed in a major L. coffeae–L. guerinii ingroup clade, which stands in sister relationship to Ischionoplus. This major clade is constituted by at least three well-recognisable subgroups, each associated with a particular geographic range in the Caribbean region: (1) a widely distributed L. coffeae–L. lineicollis ‘grade’; (2) the Hispaniolan L. proteus–L. mercator clade; (3) and the L. hispidus–L. guerinii clade with species from Cuba, Florida and Jamaica. This study provides a sound phylogenetic basis for future revisions of Lachnopus and related geonemine genera.

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Pss, Pss. "Jamaica." NACLA Report on the Americas 36, no. 2 (September 2002): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2002.11722506.

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Toomer, Richard. "Jamaica." International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 7, no. 3 (October 20, 2014): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2014.910540.

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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 81, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2008): 271–341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002485.

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Sally Price & Richard Price; Romare Bearden: The Caribbean Dimension (J. Michael Dash)J. Lorand Matory; Black Atlantic Religion: Tradition, Transnationalism, and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé (Stephan Palmié)Dianne M. Stewart; Three Eyes for the Journey: African Dimensions of the Jamaican Religious Experience (Betty Wood)Toyin Falola & Matt D. Childs (eds.); The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World (Kim D. Butler)Silvio Torres-Saillant; An Intellectual History of the Caribbean (Anthony P. Maingot)J.H. Elliott; Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492-1830 (Aaron Spencer Fogleman)Elizabeth Mancke & Carole Shammmmas (eds.); The Creation of the British Atlantic World (Peter A. Coclanis)Adam Hochschild; Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire’s Slaves (Cassssandra Pybus)Walter Johnson (ed.); The Chattel Principle: Internal Slave Trades in the Americas (Gregory E. O’Malley)P.C. Emmer; The Dutch Slave Trade, 1500-1850 (Victor Enthoven)Philip Beidler & Gary Taylor (eds.); Writing Race Across the Atlantic World, Medieval to Modern (Eric Kimball)Felix Driver & Luciana Martins (eds.); Tropical Visions in an Age of Empire (Peter Redfield)Elizabeth A. Bohls & Ian Duncan (eds.); Travel Writing, 1700-1830: An Anthology (Carl Thompson)Alison Donnell; Twentieth-Century Caribbean Literature: Critical Moments in Anglophone Literary History (Sue N. Greene)Luís Madureira; Cannibal Modernities: Postcoloniality and the Avant-garde in Caribbean and Brazilian Literature (Lúcia Sá)Zilkia Janer; Puerto Rican Nation-Building Literature: Impossible Romance (Jossianna Arroyo)Sherrie L. Baver & Barbara Deutsch Lynch (eds.); Beyond Sun and Sand: Caribbean Environmentalisms (Rivke Jaffe)Joyce Moore Turner, with the assistance of W. Burghardt Turner; Caribbean Crusaders and the Harlem Renaissance (Gert Oostindie)Lisa D. McGill; Constructing Black Selves: Caribbean American Narratives and the Second Generation (Mary Chamberlain)Mark Q. Sawyer; Racial Politics in Post-Revolutionary Cuba (Alejandra Bronfman)Franklin W. Knight & Teresita Martínez-Vergne (eds.); Contemporary Caribbean Cultures and Societies in a Global Context (R. Charles Price)Luis A. Figueroa; Sugar, Slavery, and Freedom in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico (Astrid Cubano Iguina)Rosa E. Carrasquillo; Our Landless Patria: Marginal Citizenship and Race in Caguas, Puerto Rico, 1880-1910 (Ileana M. Rodriguez-Silva) Michael Largey; Vodou Nation: Haitian Art Music and Cultural Nationalism (Julian Gerstin)Donna P. Hope; Inna di Dancehall: Popular Culture and the Politics of Identity in Jamaica (Daniel Neely)Gloria Wekker; The Politics of Passion: Women’s Sexual Culture in the Afro-Surinamese Diaspora (W. van Wetering)Claire Lefebvre; Issues in the Study of Pidgin and Creole Languages (Salikoko S. Mufwene)

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30

KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 81, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2007): 271–341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-90002485.

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Sally Price & Richard Price; Romare Bearden: The Caribbean Dimension (J. Michael Dash)J. Lorand Matory; Black Atlantic Religion: Tradition, Transnationalism, and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé (Stephan Palmié)Dianne M. Stewart; Three Eyes for the Journey: African Dimensions of the Jamaican Religious Experience (Betty Wood)Toyin Falola & Matt D. Childs (eds.); The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World (Kim D. Butler)Silvio Torres-Saillant; An Intellectual History of the Caribbean (Anthony P. Maingot)J.H. Elliott; Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492-1830 (Aaron Spencer Fogleman)Elizabeth Mancke & Carole Shammmmas (eds.); The Creation of the British Atlantic World (Peter A. Coclanis)Adam Hochschild; Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire’s Slaves (Cassssandra Pybus)Walter Johnson (ed.); The Chattel Principle: Internal Slave Trades in the Americas (Gregory E. O’Malley)P.C. Emmer; The Dutch Slave Trade, 1500-1850 (Victor Enthoven)Philip Beidler & Gary Taylor (eds.); Writing Race Across the Atlantic World, Medieval to Modern (Eric Kimball)Felix Driver & Luciana Martins (eds.); Tropical Visions in an Age of Empire (Peter Redfield)Elizabeth A. Bohls & Ian Duncan (eds.); Travel Writing, 1700-1830: An Anthology (Carl Thompson)Alison Donnell; Twentieth-Century Caribbean Literature: Critical Moments in Anglophone Literary History (Sue N. Greene)Luís Madureira; Cannibal Modernities: Postcoloniality and the Avant-garde in Caribbean and Brazilian Literature (Lúcia Sá)Zilkia Janer; Puerto Rican Nation-Building Literature: Impossible Romance (Jossianna Arroyo)Sherrie L. Baver & Barbara Deutsch Lynch (eds.); Beyond Sun and Sand: Caribbean Environmentalisms (Rivke Jaffe)Joyce Moore Turner, with the assistance of W. Burghardt Turner; Caribbean Crusaders and the Harlem Renaissance (Gert Oostindie)Lisa D. McGill; Constructing Black Selves: Caribbean American Narratives and the Second Generation (Mary Chamberlain)Mark Q. Sawyer; Racial Politics in Post-Revolutionary Cuba (Alejandra Bronfman)Franklin W. Knight & Teresita Martínez-Vergne (eds.); Contemporary Caribbean Cultures and Societies in a Global Context (R. Charles Price)Luis A. Figueroa; Sugar, Slavery, and Freedom in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico (Astrid Cubano Iguina)Rosa E. Carrasquillo; Our Landless Patria: Marginal Citizenship and Race in Caguas, Puerto Rico, 1880-1910 (Ileana M. Rodriguez-Silva) Michael Largey; Vodou Nation: Haitian Art Music and Cultural Nationalism (Julian Gerstin)Donna P. Hope; Inna di Dancehall: Popular Culture and the Politics of Identity in Jamaica (Daniel Neely)Gloria Wekker; The Politics of Passion: Women’s Sexual Culture in the Afro-Surinamese Diaspora (W. van Wetering)Claire Lefebvre; Issues in the Study of Pidgin and Creole Languages (Salikoko S. Mufwene)

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31

Zack, Michael. "Jamaica Picture." English Journal 89, no. 6 (July 2000): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/821279.

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32

Bryan, Patrick. "Spanish Jamaica." Caribbean Quarterly 38, no. 2-3 (June 1992): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00086495.1992.11671759.

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33

Lennon, Rayon D. "Chapelton, Jamaica." Callaloo 37, no. 2 (2014): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2014.0076.

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34

Petley, Christer. "Victorian Jamaica." History: Reviews of New Books 47, no. 4 (June 14, 2019): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2019.1613619.

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35

Taylor, Chris. "Victorian Jamaica." Nineteenth-Century Contexts 41, no. 4 (June 13, 2019): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2019.1623464.

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36

VI, James G. Taylor, Delia C. Tang, Sharon A. Savage, Susan F. Leitman, Seth I. Heller, Graham R. Serjeant, Griffin P. Rodgers, and Stephen J. Chanock. "Variants in the VCAM1 gene and risk for symptomatic stroke in sickle cell disease." Blood 100, no. 13 (December 15, 2002): 4303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2001-12-0306.

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Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell (SS) disease. Genetic risk factors have been postulated to contribute to this clinical outcome. The human genome project has substantially increased the catalog of variations in genes, many of which could modify the risk for manifestations of disease outcome in a monogenic disease, namely SS. VCAM1 is a cell adhesion molecule postulated to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SS disease. We identified a total of 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by sequencing the entire coding region, 2134 bp upstream of the 5′ end of the published cDNA, 217 bp downstream of the 3′ end of the cDNA, and selected intronic regions of the VCAM1 locus. Allelic frequencies for selected SNPs were determined in a healthy population. We subsequently analyzed 4 nonsynonymous coding, 2 synonymous coding, and 4 common promoter SNPs in a genetic association study of clinically apparent stroke in SS disease conducted in a cohort derived from a single institution in Jamaica (51 symptomatic cases and 51 matched controls). Of the 10 candidate SNPs analyzed in this pilot study, the variant allele of the nonsynonymous SNP, VCAM1 G1238C, may be associated with protection from stroke (odds ratio [OR] 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15-0.83, P = .04). Further study is required to confirm the importance of this variant inVCAM1 as a clinically useful modifier of outcome in SS disease.

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37

Ackerman, James D., Ancile Gloudon, and Cicely Tobisch. "Orchids of Jamaica." Systematic Botany 21, no. 2 (April 1996): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2419752.

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38

Grigorian, David, Trevor Alleyne, and Alejandro Guerson. "Jamaica Debt Exchange." IMF Working Papers 12, no. 244 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475512724.001.

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39

Smith, Alan, and G. R. Proctor. "Ferns of Jamaica." Taxon 35, no. 2 (May 1986): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1221332.

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40

Henfrey, June, and Anthony J. Payne. "Politics in Jamaica." Bulletin of Latin American Research 8, no. 1 (1989): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3338939.

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41

Judd, Walter S., Gretchen M. Ionta, J. Dan Skean, Keron C. St E. Campbell, and Darin S. Penneys. "Jamaica and Dominica." Castanea 76, no. 3 (September 2011): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2179/11-011.1.

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42

Fraser, Peter D. "Politics in Jamaica." International Affairs 66, no. 1 (January 1990): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622296.

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43

Garrow, J. S. "NAEVUS OF JAMAICA." Lancet 332, no. 8620 (November 1988): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90579-x.

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44

Akar, Nejat. "NAEVUS OF JAMAICA." Lancet 332, no. 8625 (December 1988): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90631-9.

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45

Beitel, Joseph M., and George R. Proctor. "Ferns of Jamaica." Brittonia 37, no. 2 (April 1985): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2806120.

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46

Christenson, Eric A., Ancile Gloudon, and Cicely Tobisch. "Orchids of Jamaica." Brittonia 49, no. 1 (January 1997): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807691.

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47

Cracchiolo, Anthony G., and Saverio Leone. "Next Stop: Jamaica." Civil Engineering Magazine Archive 75, no. 3 (March 2005): 64–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/ciegag.0000009.

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48

Williams, HywelC, and AndrewC Pembroke. "NAEVUS OF JAMAICA." Lancet 332, no. 8616 (October 1988): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92531-7.

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49

Hickling, Frederick W. "Psychiatry in Jamaica." International Psychiatry 7, no. 1 (January 2010): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600000928.

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The intense historical relationship linking Jamaica and Britain to 300 years of the transatlantic slave trade and 200 years of colonialism has left 2.7 million souls living in Jamaica, 80% of African origin, 15% of mixed Creole background and 5% of Asian Indian, Chinese and European ancestry. With a per capita gross domestic product of US$4104 in 2007, one-third of the population is impoverished, the majority struggling for economic survival. The prevailing religion is Protestant, although the presence of African retentions such as Obeah and Pocomania are still widely and profoundly experienced, and the powerful Rastafarian movement emerged as a countercultural religious force after 1930. The paradox and contradictions of five centuries of Jamaican resistance to slavery and colonial oppression have spawned a tiny, resilient, creative, multicultural island people, who have achieved a worldwide philosophical, political and religious impact, phenomenal sporting prowess, astonishing musical and performing creativity, and a criminal underworld that has stunned by its propensity for violence.

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Holder, Yvette. "Injuries in Jamaica." Injury Control and Safety Promotion 9, no. 4 (December 2002): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/icsp.9.4.217.13678.

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