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MOZO, MIGUEL ANGEL LEON. "OPTIMIZATION OF DUAL FUEL OPERATION IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14548@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
O objetivo deste trabalho é predizer e otimizar o desempenho de motores funcionando no modo bicombustível, diesel-gás natural, fazendo uso da inteligência artificial. Pretende-se determinar a taxa de substituição ótima do combustível original diesel pelo gás natural que minimize custos de operação (combustíveis) e emissões de poluentes, tais como: monóxido de carbono, CO, hidrocarbonetos, HC, e óxidos de nitrogênio, NOx, priorizando-se também a eficiência térmica. Os dados analisados foram obtidos de testes anteriormente realizados. O procedimento envolve treinamento, validação e teste (utilizando redes neurais). Com os dados analisados foram treinadas diferentes redes neurais 06 para a aprendizagem e predição, as quais vão prever mapas de novos valores baseando-se nos dados experimentais já apreendidos. Finalmente, e continuando com o processo de otimização (técnica de Algoritmos Genéticos), é determinada a melhor taxa de substituição de diesel-gás natural, com as menores taxas de emissões dentro dos mapas gerados. Os resultados indicam uma boa concordância entre os dados experimentais e os previstos pela rede neural. O processo de otimização utilizado determina os pontos de trabalho adequados para cada caso analisado.
The purpose of this study is to predict and optimize the internal combustion engine performance using diesel-natural gas fuel using the artificial intelligence. The ultimate goal is to determine the optimal substitution rate of natural gas to minimize the costs of operation and pollutants emissions such as carbon monoxide CO, hydrocarbons HC and nitrogen oxides NOx, considering the values of efficiency. The analyzed data are obtained from tests performed earlier. The procedure involves training, validation and test (using neural networks). Once these data were analyzed with different trained neural networks for learning and prediction, which are maps of the predicted values based on experimental data have been seized. Finally, and continuing with the process of optimization (technique of Genetic Algorithms), is given the best substitution rate of and lower emissions in the maps generated. The results indicate a good agreement between data and neural network, the process of optimization using certain items of work appropriate for each case analyzed.
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Bedri, Fatima Abd Elkariem. "An operation research model for cotton trading." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293680.
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Nickell, Christopher Lee. "Modular Modification of a Buoyant AUV for Low-Speed Operation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35029.
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Conventional streamlined autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with a single thruster and stern planes are typically trimmed to be somewhat buoyant or heavy in water. To
maintain depth, they must generate a constant hydrodynamic force which requires that they swim at a constant pitch angle. Although tail fins are the typical mechanism for
generating this control moment, they become ineffective at low speeds. To enable an existing AUV to travel at lower speeds, one may easily incorporate a modular moving mass
actuator. In some cases, it may also be advantageous to include a fixed wing.
The equations of motion and equilibrium conditions to regulate depth are derived, and the effectiveness and low-speed efficiency of a fixed wing is evaluated. The effect of the
vertical offset of the moving mass is analyzed to establish the relation between the control angle and the moving mass linear position.
A description of the design of a one degree of freedom moving mass actuator module and preliminary experiments using the Virginia Tech Miniature AUV is provided. Data is
presented for a series of fixed MMA position experiments as well as a dynamic position test. The results illustrate the effectiveness of a moving mass actuator at generating
low-speed control moments. With the collected data, parameter identification is performed to get an estimate of the hydrodynamic parameters.Master of Science
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Keeler, Benjamin. "Constraints on the operation of a DI diesel engine in partially-premixed combustion mode." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10760/.
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Partially-premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) combustion is defined by increased levels of premixed charge whilst retaining control over combustion through injection timing. An experimental investigation has been carried out on a current generation DI diesel engine, equipped with High Pressure Common Rail (HPCR) fuel injection equipment and an external Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system. The aims of the investigation were to determine the constraints imposed on operating a PCCI combustion strategy with the aim of simultaneously reducing engine-out net soot and NOx emissions. The work was carried out at fully-warm steady-state conditions at engine speeds of 1500 rpm and 1800 rpm, predominantly using a single injection strategy. With a single injection the Start of Injection (SOI), fuel rail pressure, and rate of EGR have been examined with a view to realising PCCI combustion. Timing ranges of -20º to +3ºATDC, rail pressures of 500-1200 bar, and EGR rates of 0-60% have been investigated. The responses looked at have been engine-out soot, NOx, HC, and CO emissions, fuel consumption, and combustion noise. It is shown that variation of the parameters has allowed PCCI combustion to be achieved in a restricted operating region, offering improvement in the NOx-soot trade-off. This region is limited on the available test engine by oxygen availability due to the specifications of the turbocharger and EGR systems. Engine speeds up to 2000 rpm (at 2.5 bar BMEP), and loads of 4.4 bar gross IMEP (at 1500 rpm) have been found to be the limits, beyond which soot and CO emissions rise excessively. It is shown that enhancing the mixing time and intensity are both desirable in achieving PCCI combustion. The net soot reduction mechanism exploited with PCCI combustion strategies is reducing soot formation to outweigh the reduction in oxidation. Enhancing the mixing intensity by increasing injection pressure is highly effective at reducing soot output, but at the expense of brake specific fuel consumption. Increasing the mixing time can also be effective in reducing soot output, but careful parameter selection is required to avoid excessive soot output. Retarded or highly advanced injection timings are shown to reduce net soot output, but both have associated trade-offs and penalties. Retarding combustion is effective at lowering soot and NOx emissions with low associated noise, but a fuel economy penalty is paid. Advanced combustion phasing can result in large peak rates of increase of pressure, which have been shown to correlate well with combustion noise. Overall soot reductions of up to 97% were achieved, but with associated penalties. One of the most acceptable reductions of ~90% came at the cost of a 6% increase in fuel consumption, highlighting that improvements in emissions are achievable with PCCI strategies with acceptable trade-offs.
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Kaul, Brian Christopher. "Addressing nonlinear combustion instabilities in highly dilute spark ignition engine operation." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Kaul_09007dcc804ea67e.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed April 28, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-176).
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Bergna, Diaz Gilbert. "Modular Multilevel Converter Control for HVDC Operation : Optimal Shaping of the Circulating Current Signal for Internal Energy Regulation." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SUPL0017/document.
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Dans le cadre du programme de croissance Européen 2020, la commission européenne a mis en place officiellement un chemin à long terme pour une économie à faible émission de carbone, en aspirant une réduction d’au moins 80% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, d’ici 2050. Répondre à ces exigences ambitieuses, impliquera un changement majeur de paradigme, et notamment en ce qui concerne les infrastructures du réseau électrique. Les percées dans la technologie des semi-conducteurs et les avancées avec les nouvelles topologies d’électronique de puissance et leurs contrôle-commandes, ont contribué à l’impulsion donnée au processus en cours de réaliser un tel SuperGrid. Une percée technologique majeure a eu lieu en 2003, avec le convertisseur modulaire multi-niveaux (MMC ou M2C), présenté par le professeur Marquardt, et qui est actuellement la topologie d’électronique de puissance la plus adaptée pour les stations HVDC. Cependant, cette structure de conversion introduit également un certain nombre de défis relativement complexes tels que les courants “additionnels” qui circulent au sein du convertisseur, entrainant des pertes supplémentaires et un fonctionnement potentiellement instable. Ce projet de thèse vise à concevoir des stratégies de commande “de haut niveau” pour contrôler le MMC adaptées pour les applications à courant continue-haute tension (HVDC), dans des conditions de réseau AC équilibrés et déséquilibrés. La stratégie de commande optimale identifiée est déterminée via une approche pour la conception du type “de haut en bas”, inhérente aux stratégies d’optimisation, où la performance souhaitée du convertisseur MMC donne la stratégie de commande qui lui sera appliquée. Plus précisément, la méthodologie d’optimisation des multiplicateurs de Lagrange est utilisée pour calculer le signal minimal de référence du courant de circulation du MMC dans son repère naturelFollowing Europe’s 2020 growth program, the Energy Roadmap 2050 launched by the European Commission (EC) has officially set a long term path for a low-carbon economy, assuming a reduction of at least 80% of greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2050. Meeting such ambitious requirements will imply a major change in paradigm, including the electricity grid infrastructure as we know it.The breakthroughs in semi-conductor technology and the advances in power electronics topologies and control have added momentum to the on-going process of turning the SuperGrid into a reality. Perhaps the most recent breakthrough occurred in 2003, when Prof. Marquardt introduced the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC or M2C) which is now the preferred power electronic topology that is starting to be used in VSC-HVDC stations. It does however, introduce a number of rather complex challenges such as “additional” circulating currents within the converter itself, causing extra losses and potentially unstable operation. In addition, the MMC will be required to properly balance the capacitive energy stored within its different arms, while transferring power between the AC and DC grids that it interfaces.The present Thesis project aimed to design adequate “high-level” MMC control strategies suited for HVDC applications, under balanced and unbalanced AC grid conditions. The resulting control strategy is derived with a “top-to-bottom” design approach, inherent to optimization strategies, where the desired performance of the MMC results in the control scheme that will be applied. More precisely, the Lagrange multipliers optimization methodology is used to calculate the minimal MMC circulating current reference signals in phase coordinates, capable of successfully regulating the capacitive arm energies of the converter, while reducing losses and voltage fluctuations, and effectively decoupling any power oscillations that would take place in the AC grid and preventing them from propagating into the DC grid
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Przesmitzki, Steve (Steve Victor). "Characterization of oil transport in the power cylinder of internal combustion engines during steady state and transient operation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44799.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-214).
Engine friction, wear, and oil consumption are some of the primary interests for the automotive industry. However, there is currently a lack of understanding of the fundamentals involving oil transport inside the power cylinder. Therefore, improving one area of engine performance, such as friction, may lead to decreased performance in another area, such as oil consumption. This work seeks to address some fundamental aspects of oil transport in the power cylinder through experiments and modeling. A two-dimensional multiple-dye Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) visualization system was implemented in a spark-ignition engine. Real time images of oil distribution were acquired and analyzed for a multitude of operating conditions typically encountered by passenger car engines. Based on experimental observations, major oil flow patterns in the piston ring pack during transient operation were identified and characterized. Physically based models were used to describe and understand the fundamentals of the individual oil transport process. The work shows oil may enter the top ring groove under low load (high vacuum) conditions. After enough time at low load, the oil may interfere with the gas flow into the top ring groove. Thereafter, upon a transition to a higher engine load, the top ring may radially collapse, resulting in an extremely large increase of blow-by gases. Additional work was conducted studying oil transport from the piston to the cylinder liner during steady state conditions. The results show that oil transport to the cylinder liner may be one of the main contributors to oil consumption. Also, analysis of oil transport on the piston skirt was conducted and an overview of the general transport pattern was developed.
(cont.) This work was the first comprehensive investigation of the mechanisms of oil transport in the piston ring pack of internal combustion engines during transient operation. Additionally, the understanding of oil transport to the cylinder liner during steady state operation was enhanced. This work is also the first investigation that developed a general overview of oil transport on the piston skirt. Such understanding of oil transport is a major step to controlling oil consumption during transient and steady state operation.
by Steve Przesmitzki.
Ph.D.
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Shavitranuruk, K. "Long Cavity Quantum Dot Laser Diode and Monolithic Passively Mode-Locked Operation." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3392.
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Advantage of the single QD active layer is its potential for very low threshold current density, which in turn can produce low internal optical loss. The low threshold current density and low internal loss thus enable a significant increase in laser diode cavity length. Because of the importance of the threshold current density in heatsinking, future technology of broad-area monolithic laser diodes can be implemented. The dissertation describes the development and the unique characteristics of single QD active layer laser with long cavity. The data are presented on single layer QD laser diodes that reach threshold current densities values of 11.7 A/cm2 in a p-up mounted 2 cm long cavity and as low as 10 A/cm2, with CW output power of 2 W in a p-down mounted 1.6 cm long cavity. The 8.8 A/cm2 in a p-down mounted 2 cm long cavity is reported. To our knowledge the value 8.8 A/cm2 is the lowest threshold current density ever reported for a room temperature laser diode. These single layer QD laser diodes reach an internal loss of ~0.25 cm-1, which is also the lowest ever reported for a room temperature laser diode. These unique characteristics of single layer QD and laser diode size are potentially promising for the monolithic mode-locked laser because of relatively high peak power with a low repetition rate that is on the order of a few GHz, which can be the novel device for external clocking in the optical interconnect applications. In this dissertation, the stable optical pulse train in a 40 µm wide stripe with a repetition rate of 3.75 GHz with 1.1 cm cavity length through the passive mode-locked onto the monolithic two-section device fabricated from this single layer QD laser is observed.Ph.D.
Optics and Photonics
Optics and Photonics
Optics PhD
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Smith, Ian B. "The privatisation of the JNR in historical perspective : an evaluation of government policy on the operation of the national railways in Japan." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319801.
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Chandran, Davannendran. "Experimental investigation into the physico-chemical properties changes of palm biodiesel under common rail diesel engine operation for the elucidation of metal corrosion and elastomer degradation in fuel delivery system." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35228/.
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Compatibility of fuel delivery materials (FDM) with biodiesel fuel in the fuel delivery system (FDS) under real-life common rail diesel engine (CRDE) operation poses a challenge to researchers and engine manufacturers alike. Although standard methods such as ASTM G31 and ASTM D471 for metals and elastomers, respectively, are deemed suitable for evaluating the effects of water content, total acid number (TAN) and oxidation products in biodiesel on FDM degradation, they do not resemble the actual engine operation conditions such as varying fuel pressure/temperature as well as the presence of a wide range of materials in the FDS of a diesel engine. Hence, the current allowable maximum 20 vol% of biodiesel with 80 vol% of diesel (B20) for use in diesel engines to date is debatable. Additionally, biodiesel utilization beyond B20 is essential to combat declining air quality and to reduce the dependence on fuel imports. This thesis aims to elucidate the actual compatibility present between FDM and biodiesel in the FDS under real-life CRDE operation. This was achieved through multi-faceted experimentations which commenced with analyses on the deteriorated palm biodiesel samples collected during and after CRDE operation. Next, the fuel properties which should be emphasized based on the deteriorated fuel were determined. This was then followed by ascertaining the effects of the emphasized fuel properties towards FDM degradation. Ultimately, the actual compatibility of FDM with biodiesel under engine operation through modified immersion investigations was determined. FDM degradation acceleration factors such as oxidized biodiesel, TAN and water content were eliminated since these factors were not affected based on the analysed fuel samples collected after engine operation. No oxidation products such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids were detected while the TAN and water content were within 0.446% and 0.625% of their initial values, respectively. Instead, the biodiesel’s dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and conductivity value were not only found to have changed during and after engine operation by -93% and 293%, respectively, but were also found to have influenced biodiesel deterioration under engine operation. These two properties were subsequently discovered to have adversely affected FDM degradation independently. The copper corrosion rate and nitrile rubber (NBR) volume change increased by 9% and 13%, respectively, due to 22% increase in the conductivity value. In contrast, the copper corrosion rate and NBR volume swelling reduced by 91% and 27%, respectively, due to 96% reduction in the DO concentration. Ultimately, copper corrosion and NBR degradation were determined to be lowered by up to 92% and 73%, respectively, under modified immersion as compared to typical immersion condition. These outcomes distinctly show that acceptable to good compatibility is present between FDM and biodiesel under CRDE operation. The good compatibility is strongly supported since only a maximum lifespan reduction of 1.5 years is predicted for metal exposed to biodiesel as compared to diesel for a typical component lifespan of 15 years. For the elastomers, acceptable compatibility is found present between elastomer and biodiesel based on the determined 11% volume change which conforms to the tolerance level of elastomer degradation as stated by the elastomer manufacturers. These are especially true for the evaluated metals and elastomers investigated under the modified laboratory immersion which replicates similar conditions to a real-life CRDE. Overall, this work has contributed to the advancement of knowledge and application of biodiesel use in diesel engines.
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Kapadia, Bhavin Kanaiyalal. "Development Of A Single Cylinder SI Engine For 100% Biogas Operation." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/283.
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This work concerns a systematic study of IC engine operation with 100% biogas as fuel (as opposed to the dual-fuel mode) with particular emphasis on operational issues and the quest for high efficiency strategies. As a first step, a commercially available 1.2 kW genset engine is modified for biogas operation. The conventional premixing of air and biogas is compared with a new manifold injection strategy. The effect of biogas composition on engine performance is also studied.
Results from the genset engine study indicate a very low overall efficiency of the system. This is mainly due to the very low compression ratio (4.5) of the engine. To gain further insight into factors that contribute to this low efficiency, thermodynamic engine simulations are conducted. Reasonable agreement with experiments is obtained after incorporating estimated combustion durations. Subsequently, the model is used as a tool to predict effect of different parameters such as compression ratio, spark timing and combustion durations on engine performance and efficiency. Simulations show that significant improvement in performance can be obtained at high compression ratios.
As a step towards developing a more efficient system and based on insight obtained from simulations, a high compression ratio (9.2) engine is selected. This engine is coupled to a 3 kW alternator and operated on 100% biogas. Both strategies, i.e., premixing and manifold injection are implemented. The results show very high overall (chemical to electrical) efficiencies with a maximum value of 22% at 1.4 kW with the manifold injection strategy. The new manifold injection strategy proposed here is found to be clearly superior to the conventional premixing method. The main reasons are the higher volumetric efficiency (25% higher than that for the premixing mode of supply) and overall lean operation of the engine across the entire load range. Predictions show excellent agreement with measurements, enabling the model to be used as a tool for further study. Simulations suggest that a higher compression ratio (up to 13) and appropriate spark advance can lead to higher engine power output and efficiency.
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Jakobsson, Christian. "EFFEKTIVISERING AV INTERNA PROVFLÖDEN INOM LABORATORIEVERKSAMHETEN : EFFICIENCY OFF INTERNAL SAMPLEFLOWS IN LABORATORY OPERATIONS." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28755.
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Background: Laboratories in Sweden have a big challenge when Sweden is a wide country and big parts is sparsely populated and many samples have limited durability. At same time as laboratories is a sensitive branch with high demands on time and quality which makes a functional internal and external logistic important. Purpose: The purpose is to increase the understanding of internal sample flows for companies who works with sample analysis, by analyse sample flows in companies that is analysing samples, from a logistic perspective. To answer the purpose, two research questions are formulated: · What limitations can be identified in internal sample flows from delivery to analyses done for companies working with analyses of samples? · How can limitations in internal sample flows be handled from delivery to analyses done for companies working with analyses of samples? Method: A case study has been made on Eurofins laboratory in Lidköping where data has been collected by interview studies and observations. Result: By the logistic perspective several possibilities to increase the efficiency have been found. By logistic tools proposals have been made how those hindrances can be handled. Those possibilities to increase the efficiency is: Consolidation activities Failsafe Standardizations Overlook unload/loading of trucks Make the sample flow even during the week Conclusions: In this study have the writer made several recommendations for companies that is working with analysing samples. But it is important to consider that those recommendations are case-specific, but if same conditions occur is the result possibly to generalize.
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Dóša, Vladimír. "Využití norem ISO v konkrétním podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222224.
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In this thesis I'm focusing on current world trends in the field of quality management in industrial production and services. Further I'm applying introduction of ISO standards in a concrete building company and I'm evaluating its efficiency. The thesis also offers a "manual" for introduction of ISO standards.
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Lindqvist, Rebecca, and Elin Ström. "Inre arbetsmotivation : En kvantitativ studie om skillnader gällande vård- och omsorgspersonals inre arbetsmotivationsfaktorer." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21999.
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I den föreliggande kvantitativa studien var syftet att undersöka om det fanns någon skillnad gällande den inre arbetsmotivationen för vård- och omsorgspersonal i en mellanstor kommun i Sverige beroende på vilken verksamhet (sjukhus eller äldreboende) och yrkesutbildning (undersköterska eller sjuksköterska) personen hade. Enkäten bestod av sex bakgrundsfrågor och 21 påståenden om inre arbetsmotivation utifrån Self-determination theory (SDT). Den inre arbetsmotivationen mättes utifrån tre beroendemått: autonomi, samhörighet och kompetens. Resultatet visade på en signifikant huvudeffekt av verksamhet oavsett yrkesutbildning. Personalen verksamma på sjukhus skattade högre på påståendena gällande kompetens än personalen verksamma på äldreboenden. Resultatet kan bero på att personal på sjukhuset har ett mer varierande arbete än personal inom äldreboende, vilket stimulerar deras upplevda kompetens.The purpose of the present quantitative study was to investigate whether there was any difference regarding the internal work motivation of health care staff working in a medium-sized municipality in Sweden, depending on the operation (hospitals or nursing homes) and the professional education (assistant nurse or nurse) of the employee. A questionnaire that consisted of six background questions and 21 statements about internal motivation (based on the sub-categories autonomy, relatedness and competence) was administered to health care staff at both hospitals and nursing homes. The results showed a significant main effect of the operation regardless of professional title. People working at the hospital estimated higher on the claims regarding competence compered to people that worked in nursing homes. This result may be due to that working at a hospital offers more diverse work assignments compared to working at a nursing home.
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Guimarães, Mafalda Maria Lobo Machado de Mesquita. "An internal analysis of Amorim Turismo’s operations regarding food and beverage with a focus on operational efficiency and quality of service." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11779.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThis Work Project has the objective of performing an internal analysis of the operations undertaken at Amorim Turismo’s restaurants in their three hotels in Portugal. A more in depth analysis can be made through the study and improvement of its operational efficiency and quality of service utilizing methodologies such as ABC Classification, inventory management, facility layout optimization, demand forecast and RFM model. Various recommendations are suggested as part of an improvement plan for a better performance of the company.
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Bouzina, Khalid Ibn El Walid. "On interval scheduling problems: A contribution." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057678953.
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Aladejebi, Olufemi Adepoju. "Strategies for Improving Internal Control in Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4708.
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Researchers and practitioners have recognized the need for business leaders to establish effective internal control frameworks. Some small and medium enterprises (SME) leaders lack strategies for improving internal control systems. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies leaders of SMEs in Nigeria use for improving internal control practices. Building on the internal control theory and transactional leadership theory, semistructured face-to-face and phone interviews were conducted with 8 purposively-selected leaders of SMEs in Nigeria who successfully implemented internal control practices. The 5 themes that emerged from the thematic analysis of the interview data were: segregation of duty; adherence to processes, policies, and procedures; staffing, training, and experience; information technology; and staff empowerment and management commitment. The findings from this study indicate that leaders of SMEs in Nigeria use similar strategies to improve internal control practices. All participants used segregation of duty and adherence to processes, policies, and procedures as strategies for improving internal control practices. SME leaders should possess adequate leadership skills for improving internal control systems in their business. The result of this study may contribute to positive social change by providing SME leaders with knowledge on strategies for improving internal control practices which will minimize loss of assets and boost profitability and business sustainability. With increase in business profitability, leaders of SMEs will increase the firms' corporate social responsibility through payment of more taxes, and provision of employment opportunities and social amenities to the local community.
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Patel, Vaishal J. "MGH Internal Medicine Associates : primary care redesign." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99015.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 105-107).
Internal Medicine Associates (IMA) is the largest primary care practice at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) with over 40 attending physicians, 60 residents, and 80 support staff that deliver care to more than 30,000 patients. The IMA is structured into seven pods that act independently to serve patients. Each pod consists of patient care providers and support staff that work collaboratively in a team structure. In particular, providers and medical assistants work closely together during the clinical session to meet patient needs. A lack of standardization in the practice's operations has contributed to inefficiencies that add to a sense of overload and burnout with the medical assistant staff A detailed study of providers' clinical schedules revealed that individual clinical sessions are highly variable in terms of the number of concurrent clinical sessions per pod, session length, and number of patient appointments booked during this time. Providers in the IMA are part-time and create their clinical schedules based on personal preference and coordination with their other MGH related commitments. Variability in the schedule arises from many systematic, predictable, and unpredictable sources. Additionally, as part of a teaching hospital, IMA supports the educational training of over 60 Internal Medicine residents who hold a varying number of clinical sessions per week, depending on specific requirements of their residency program. Coordinating and supporting provider presence consumes many resources, impacts medical assistant workload, and adds to variability within the practice. The project develops an optimization model to level-load the expected workload on medical assistants and other members of the medical care team by determining the clinic schedules of providers. The expected workload is measured by the number of concurrent sessions and expected number of patient visits per hour. The project has developed an optimization model to suggest changes to the clinic schedule. Specifically in Pod 2/3, by strategically shifting 19.5% of provider sessions, we can achieve an 83% improvement in variability, as measured by the difference between maximum and minimum expected workload. Similar results are modeled for all pods in the IMA. The team has identified a pilot pod to test the model and is
by Vaishal J. Patel.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Seldeslachts, Jo. "Interactions between the Internal Dynamics of Organisations and their Operations in Markets." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4051.
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Las organizaciones son organismos complejos de los cuales tenemos solo un conocimiento muy reducido, en parte porque se tiende a investigar solo una parte de ellas. El objetivo de esta tesis es aprofundizar en el conocimiento económico de las dinámicas de las organizaciones, señalando que las empresas no solo interactúan en los mercados ni funcionan como entidades aisladas, sino que hay interacción entre el funcionamiento interno y externo. El primer capitulo postula que si los trabajadores de una empresa bloquean las reformas que pueden perjudicarles, entonces interviniendo también en la manera en la que las empresas tienen que competir en los mercados puede crear efectos positivos para los empleados, consiguiendo que al final estén también de acuerdo con las reformas. Combinar reformas crea externalidades positivas, que si están bien planteadas puede reducir la resistencia para los cambios necesarios.
El segundo capitulo considera un mercado muy concentrado y estudia los efectos de las decisiones en inversión y la organización interna de las empresas fusionadas en la eficiencia y en la estabilidad de las fusiones. No se asume que les fusiones generaran automáticamente ganancias en eficiencia: aunque pueden generar economías de escala, y por lo tanto costes más bajos, las empresas necesitan invertir para conseguirlas. Además, estas inversiones pueden ser frustradas por el conflicto que puede haber entre las empresas fusionadas. Se muestra que, incluso cuando no hay conflicto, les empresas no siempre invierten para conseguir ganancias en eficiencia aunque para ellas es beneficioso fusionarse. Cuando hay conflicto incluso puede haber pérdidas en eficiencia y por lo tanto hay muchas fusiones que no son beneficiosas. Como consecuencia, si los directores de las empresas subestiman la posibilidad de conflicto, consideraran que es positivo fusionarse aunque después se encontraran con una empresa menos eficiente y con beneficios inferiores a los que tenían por separado.
El tercer capitulo ofrece una explicación formal de porque unas fusiones fracasan al mismo tiempo que otras son exitosas. Conseguimos predicciones investigando la interacción entre dos aspectos importantes de las fusiones, problemas de integración entre las empresas fusionadas y la recopilación de información sobre las sinergias que se produce antes de la fusión. Diferencias culturales y pocos esfuerzos de integración son recurrentemente mencionados en la prensa como el principal factor que explica el fracaso de la obtención de las sinergias. Estudios en teoría de las organizaciones argumentan que, aunque mejores resultados son asociados con seleccionar un mejor emparejamiento, el grado de éxito depende del proceso de implementación de la fusión. Pero, según nuestros conocimientos, explicar fracasos de fusiones modelando el proceso post-fusión es una novedad en la literatura económica.
The aim of this thesis is broadening the reach of economic research on mergers and industry dynamics, pointing out that mergers are not only done because of firms' needs and do not only create effects in firms' markets. Indeed, dynamics are largely driven by managers and have their impact on employees. We have created some situations were internal functioning and external operating of firms interact.
The first chapter claims that if employees in a firm block law reforms that could hurt them, then intervening also in the way how firms should compete in their markets may create positive effects for employees, making them in the end to agree on reforms. Combining reforms creates positive externalites, which if well used can lower resisitance for necessary changes. This is because reforms in the labour and product markets are complementary, and therefore the loosing side of one reform will be the winning side of the other reform. Also, reforms in both markets increase welfare more than a single reform and show thus synergy effects. Moreover, it offers a possible way out of the so called "sclerosis" effect. When frictions in markets are high, interest groups enjoy higher rents and oppose more reforms and thus the markets that need most a reform, are most stuck in a sclerosis. But high frictions in one market make it easier to reform the other market and therefore the sclerosis in one market can cancel out the sclerosis in the other market.
In the second chapter we reconsider the market power-effciency trade-off made by competition authorities and stress the importance of both strategic decision making of managers and internal organisation issues after mergers have taken place. The possibility that a merged firm may become more efficient does not mean that these gains will be actually realised as is now widely assumed in the economics literature. A newly merged firm brings together different management teams, which can lead to distrust and conflict and therefore possibly less investment. Our approach facilitates the understanding of why some mergers may fail to become more efficient or even fail to happen. Moreover, it allows us to pin down some pitfalls for the regulator when taking into account efficiency gains in merger decisions. Our model gives also a potential explanation for merger failures. If the managers underestimate the potential conflict, they may end up in an unprofitable merger.
The third chapter offers a formal explanation of why some mergers fail and others succeed. We achieve predictions by investigating the interaction between two important aspects of merging: post-merger integration difficulties and the pre-merger gathering of information about obtainable merger synergies. Organisation theorists argue that the a meger success is likely to occur depends upon the process of implementing the merger. But in the economics literature it is a novalty to explain merger failures from the explicit modelling of the post-merger process. Some of our results are intuitively clear as is the fact that less precise information leads to more failures. Less precise information makes it easier to make judgement mistakes and to rely too much on the good news that your partner wants to merge with you. When costs of merging are lower, more merger failures are encountered. For example, during stock market booms when it is easier to find funding for buying up other firms, considerably more failures are indeed encountered. One of our most interesting results finally is that when the punishment of not-integrating is higher, the possibility for failures is reduced. The cultural differences that could derail effective synergy realisation are more carefully attended to because of managers' heightened sensitivity.
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Gracewski, Travis E. "Identifying internal best practices and propagating standard work." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61866.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
Standard work is commonly used in manufacturing and assembly operations to minimize process variation by providing detailed instruction to operators. Internal best practices are processes within the firm that achieve a more beneficial result when compared to alternative existing methods. Standard work is one approach to share best practices, and the challenge is in identifying their existence and effectively capturing the information in written documentation. Best practices are often tacit in nature, being difficult to codify and to put into writing. Effectively finding internal best practices and transferring them from tacit to explicit form as standard work is a desirable objective, improving knowledge transfer and operational efficiency within the company. There are techniques that can be applied to the standard work development process that increase the likelihood of successful best practice capture and organizational adoption. These techniques are developed and implemented through application at Sikorsky Aircraft, in creating and deploying a system of standard work titled, the "Assembly and Flight Operations Franchise Book." Major process steps in developing and sustaining standard work include an initial planning phase characterized by an upfront analysis, organizational structuring, and content framework development; and a sustaining phase characterized by a repeating cycle of best practice discovery, documentation, and sharing.
by Travis E. Gracewski.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Lin, Jessica S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Optimizing the internal reuse of wireless network equipment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81722.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 46).
Reusing high-value wireless network equipment can allow telecommunications providers to achieve both financial and environmental benefits. However, without standardized processes and tools to reuse equipment, the reuse process can be highly inefficient and a significant amount of reusable equipment may remain in inventory. This thesis examines the reuse of wireless network equipment at Verizon Wireless (VzW) and presents tools and processes to increase the amount and efficiency of network equipment reuse within VzW. An analytical model is presented to differentiate between items that can be reused and items that should be immediately resold or scrapped. Once a pool of reusable items is identified, incentives to promote equipment sharing across internal VzW regions are discussed. A web-based tool and process to increase the ease and speed of identifying and requesting equipment is then examined. Finally, a framework by which reuse metrics can be evaluated is presented.
by Jessica Lin.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Ito, Hiroyuki, Hiroshi Hasegawa, and Ken-ichi Sato. "Impact of path granularity and operation interval on dynamic path network control." IEEE, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14018.
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Meggs, Paul W. (Paul William). "A systematic approach to internal spare parts management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90788.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2014. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
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Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 56-57).
Internal spare parts management is a universal issue faced by all manufacturers, and involves decision-making and planning across a highly complex and heterogeneous group of thousands of items. Spare parts exhibit intermittent demand and a variety of prices, lead times, and potential downtime costs that pose challenges for planning and control. Managers can facilitate spare parts decision-making through the utilization of classification methods to prioritize critical parts and forecasting tools to better establish inventory policies. This thesis explores a classification method to evaluate the criticality of spare parts using the Analytic Hierarchy Process and applies bootstrapping forecast techniques to better inform safety stock levels. A joint classification and forecasting model is developed and validated for use by supply chain and maintenance teams in the organization. Through improved safety stock settings, an inventory savings of up to 39% is identified while maintaining or increasing service levels for critical spare parts. For most manufacturing companies, the approaches and findings discussed in this thesis are applicable and can be used to aid efforts in establishing a systematic approach to internal spare parts.
by Paul W. Meggs.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Wee, Eng Wee Eng. "Review and Improve Operational Effectiveness of Internal Projects Group in MGO." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad maskinteknik (KTH Södertälje), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118752.
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Cryan, Dan David III. "Designing internal logistics processes for new manufacturing site." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122582.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2019, In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MITThesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2019, In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 80).
The Boeing Company is the world's largest aerospace company and is constantly evaluating improvement opportunities to the production system. It is of ongoing interest to the company to have to tools to assess new manufacturing sites. Among the required tasks for such an effort, engineers must identify the processes and capabilities that will be needed. A critical element of this study is the system of internal logistics processes that could manage the flow of parts and material throughout a site. Planning the capacity of these processes is difficult when many of the parameters are uncertain and yet to be determined. This thesis proposes a method for estimating capacity requirements of internal logistics processes by employing the concepts of queuing theory and Little's Law. Using this methodology, a process model was developed and validated by discrete event simulation to provide process planners with an understanding of the relationship and importance of numerous parameters. This understanding allows planners and management to assess the capacity requirements of the processes in terms of projected costs and performance. Values of wait times predicted by the proposed model were in strong agreement with values observed from simulation (R-squared of 96.4%; MAPE of 14.9%) suggesting that the proposed methodology represents an easy-to-use and accurate representation of process parameters. In order to improve the applicability of capacity recommendations for Boeing, further refinement is needed of underlying process parameters as well as cost modeling of threshold parameters (k and pn_max).
by Dan David Cryan, III.
M.B.A.
S.M.
M.B.A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Hildreth, John C. "The Use of Short-Interval GPS Data for Construction Operations Analysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26120.
Full textAbstract:
The global positioning system (GPS) makes use of extremely accurate measures of the time to determine position. The times required for electronic signals to travel at the speed of light from at least four orbiting satellites to a receiver on earth is measured precisely and used to calculate the distances from the satellites to the receiver. The calculated distances are used to determine the position of the receiver through triangulation.
This research takes an approach opposite the original GPS research, focusing on the use of position to determine the time at which events occur. Specifically, this work addresses the question: Can the information pertaining to position and speed contained in a GPS record be used to autonomously identify the times at which critical events occur within a production cycle?
The research question was answered by determining the hardware needs for collecting the desired data in a useable format an developing a unique data collection tool to meet those needs. The tool was field evaluated and the data collected was used to determine the software needs for automated reduction of the data to the times at which key events occurred. The software tools were developed in the form of Time Identification Modules (TIMs). The TIMs were used to reduce data collected from a load and haul earthmoving operation to duration measures for the load, haul, dump, and return activities.
The value of the developed system was demonstrated by investigating correlations between performance times in construction operations and by using field data to verify the results obtained from productivity estimating tools. Use of the system was shown to improve knowledge and provide additional insight into operations analysis studies.Ph. D.
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Campos, Daniel Pimentel. "SERVQUAL-LOG – UMA VARIAÇÃO DA ESCALA SERVQUAL PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE PERCEBIDA EM BUSCA DA MELHORIA DO NÍVEL DE SERVIÇO NA LOGÍSTICA DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2017. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3739.
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DANIEL PIMENTEL CAMPOS.pdf: 2190712 bytes, checksum: 547ece44b7052f45d49d226b7f81d348 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-21T12:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIEL PIMENTEL CAMPOS.pdf: 2190712 bytes, checksum: 547ece44b7052f45d49d226b7f81d348 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23
Companies that seek to ensure quality operations to meet the demands of customers have been gaining more and more space and differentiation in the market. Going deeper into the issue, the application of tools that allow the measurement of quality in the understanding of the expectations of its clients regarding the service provided can lead these organizations to a higher level. Logistics, an element of the day-to-day life of countless companies and an "internal" service operation aimed at providing products and / or services where, when and as needed and desired, is undergoing this transformation. Therefore, the present work uses an applied research with technical approach of case study to demonstrate the use of the SERVQUAL scale, modified through a survey with logistic operations managers of several companies of the national territory and considering specific attributes of the reality of the area , Called here SERVQUAL-Log. With the definition, SERVQUAL-Log was applied to the main clients of the company defined as object of study to determine the degree of importance of the dimensions and through its attributes to evaluate the level of service desired, acceptable and perceived as to the logistics service. For the development of this application, it was essential to deepen the main concepts that cover logistics, SERVQUAL and statistical techniques. Given the results achieved, it is possible to conclude that the quality perceived by the clients in relation to the services provided by the analyzed operation leads to numerous possibilities for improvement, being largely outside the tolerance gap defined by the customers. Another important point to highlight is the contribution to advancing the understanding of quality in internal service operations.
As empresas que buscam garantir operações de qualidade para o atendimento das demandas dos clientes vêm ganhando cada vez mais espaço e diferenciação no mercado. Aprofundando ainda mais na questão, a aplicação de ferramentas que permitam mensurar a qualidade diante do entendimento das expectativas de seus clientes quanto ao serviço prestado pode conduzir essas organizações a um patamar superior. A logística, elemento do dia a dia de inúmeras empresas e uma operação “interna” de serviços voltada para o fornecimento de produtos e ou serviços onde, quando e como necessário e desejado, vem passando por essa transformação. Diante disso, o presente trabalho utiliza de uma pesquisa aplicada com abordagem técnica de estudo de caso para demonstrar o uso da escala SERVQUAL, modificada através de um survey com gestores de operações logísticas de diversas empresas do território nacional e considerando atributos específicos da realidade da área, chamada aqui de SERVQUAL-Log. Com a definição, a SERVQUAL-Log foi aplicada aos principais clientes da empresa definida como objeto de estudo para determinar o grau de importância das dimensões e através de seus atributos avaliar o nível de serviço desejado, aceitável e percebido quanto ao serviço logístico. Para o desenvolvimento desta aplicação, foi essencial o aprofundamento nos principais conceitos que abrangem logística, SERVQUAL e técnicas estatísticas. Diante dos resultados alcançados, é possível concluir que a qualidade percebida pelos clientes com relação aos serviços prestados pela operação analisada leva a inúmeras possibilidades de melhoria, estando em grande parte fora até mesmo do gap de tolerância definido pelos clientes. Outro ponto importante a se destacar é a contribuição para o avanço do entendimento do assunto qualidade em operações internas de serviços.
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Bostander, D. E. "Operational risk events in banks and practices for collecting internal loss data." Thesis, University of South Africa, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/137.
Full textAbstract:
This research study had two distinct objectives. The first objective was to determine in which areas in South African banks the most severe operational risk losses are likely to occur (based on the Basel II seven loss event types and eight business lines). Severity was assessed based on single operational risk events that might have significant monetary values attached to them. The likely frequency of single operational risk events was also assessed.
The investigation of the aforementioned research problem was explorative and quantitative of nature, as the researcher made extensive use of survey research in the form of a questionnaire to all registered banks.
The second part of the research study’s objective was to assess the range of practices in collecting internal loss data for operational risk purposes as required by Basel II. This part was approached from a qualitative perspective, by benchmarking the research findings against the Basel II text, the researcher’s experience in risk management in banks, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s Sound Practices for the Management and Supervision of Operational Risk, and related literature.
The literature review, including reference to certain surveys and studies, focuses on the main concepts of operational risk within banks that are pertinent to the research problem. The literature review also includes several references to the Basel II text and other relevant publications and papers issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
The research results revealed that respondents in South African banks believed that ‘business disruption and system failures’ is the loss event type that is likely to result in the most severe single operational risk loss. ‘Trading and sales’ scored the same high average rating as ‘business disruption and system failures’ as the business line where the most severe single operational risk loss is likely to occur in South African banks.
‘External fraud’ and ‘execution, delivery and process management’ scored the highest average ratings as the loss event types where the most frequent operational risk losses are likely to occur. Respondents indicated that ‘retail banking’ is the business line where the most frequent single operational risk losses are likely to occur in South African banks. Based on the above-mentioned findings the researcher recommends that these high-risk areas be highlighted to the Bank Supervision Department of the South African Reserve Bank, the boards of directors and senior management of banks in order for them to strengthen banks’ internal controls.
The researcher recommends the inclusion of near misses and opportunity cost in operational risk loss databases. Banks should at least capture the date of the discovery of an operational risk event as this represents acceptable practice among the majority of banks. Operational risk losses should be assigned to the multiple business activities in which it occurred on a pro-rata basis. All recoveries of operational risk losses should be processed separately, but associated with the original loss event. Replacement cost is seen as the most appropriate way to capture gross loss amounts for the damage to fixed assets. The researcher encourages the recording of overtime cost for fixing systems failures. Market risk losses due to operational risk events should be treated as market risk losses, while loan-related losses due to operational risk failures should be treated as credit risk losses by banks.
The researcher’s view is that banks should set different thresholds for the collection of operational risk losses for its various business units based on each business unit’s operations and nature of business. Banks should, as a starting point, map operational risk events to the Basel II 8x7 matrix. Operational risk losses should be assessed by both legal entity and on a consolidated basis.
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Murray, Paul. "Preventing Rape : Possibilities for peace operations to act against sexual violence in internal conflicts." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200569.
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Choi, Ji Won. "The maximum time interval of time-lapse photography for monitoring construction operations." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2753.
Full textAbstract:
Many construction companies today utilize webcams on their jobsites to monitor and record construction operations. Jobsite monitoring is often limited to outdoor construction operations due to lack of mobility of wired webcams. A wireless webcam may help monitor indoor construction operations with enhanced mobility. The transfer time of sending a photograph from the wireless webcam, however, is slower than that of a wired webcam. It is expected that professionals may have to analyze indoor construction operations with longer interval time-lapse photographs if they want to use a wireless webcam. This research aimed to determine the maximum time interval for time-lapse photos that enables professionals to interpret construction operations and productivity.
In order to accomplish the research goal, brickwork of five different construction sites was videotaped. Various interval time-lapse photographs were generated from each video. Worker?s activity in these photographs was examined and graded. The grades in one-second interval photographs were compared with the grades of the same in longer time interval photographs. Error rates in observing longer time-lapse photographs were then obtained and analyzed to find the maximum time interval of time-lapse photography for monitoring construction operations.
Research has discovered that the observation error rate increased rapidly until the 60-second interval and its increasing ratio remained constant. This finding can be used to predict a reasonable amount of error rate when observing time-lapse photographs less than 60-second interval. The observation error rate with longer than 60-second interval did not show a constant trend. Thus, the 60-second interval could be considered as the maximum time interval for professionals to interpret construction operations and productivity.
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Kellogg, Erin C. "Internal dynamics of the short-term commercial aircraft engine leasing market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104566.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-72).
General trends in the commercial aircraft aftermarket indicate an increased reliance of leased engines in operators' spare engine strategies. A methodology for forecasting short-term engine lease demand is developed using Pratt & Whitney's existing simulation capability. This method demonstrates the ability to estimate demand mean and variance. This forecast is then used in a single SKU inventory model to set inventory levels. Using historical data this method demonstrates the ability to recommend inventory levels that minimize stock outs. A less computationally intensive system dynamics model is then constructed to replicate the lease demand forecasting model. Sensitivity analysis is performed using the system dynamic model and influential parameters are identified. The results of the sensitivity study are used to propose and test a new sales strategy for short-term engine lessors.
by Erin C. Kellogg.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Alparslan, Gok Sirma Zeynep. "Cooperative Interval Games." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610337/index.pdf.
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Interval uncertainty affects our decision making activities on a daily basis making the data structure of intervals of real numbers more and more popular in theoretical models and related software applications. Natural questions for people or businesses that face interval uncertainty in their data when dealing with cooperation are how to form the coalitions and how to distribute the collective gains or costs. The theory of cooperative interval games is a suitable tool for answering these questions. In this thesis, the classical theory of cooperative games is extended to cooperative interval games. First, basic notions and facts from classical cooperative game theory and interval calculus are given. Then, the model of cooperative interval games is introduced and basic definitions are given. Solution concepts of selection-type and interval-type for cooperative interval games are intensively studied. Further, special classes of cooperative interval games like convex interval games and big boss interval games are introduced and various characterizations are given. Some economic and Operations Research situations such as airport, bankruptcy and sequencing with interval data and related interval games have been also studied. Finally, some algorithmic aspects related with the interval Shapley value and the interval core are considered.
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Feger, Ana L. Rosado. "Bridging the operational divide an information-processing model of internal supply chain integration /." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1263402350/.
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Jiang, Like. "Determinants and consequences of internal audit function quality." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESEC0003.
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Je développe ici une nouvelle évaluation de la qualité de la fonction d'audit interne (FAI) basée sur des données d'entrée et j'examine les facteurs qui poussent les entreprises à mettre en place une FAI de haute qualité ainsi que les conséquences économiques d'une FAI de haute qualité. Afin de rendre opérationnelle mon analyse empirique, je crée un échantillon d'archivage de FAI international unique en associant une enquête d'auditeur interne menée au niveau international intitulée CBOK 2010 à des données publiques présentes dans la base de données Worldscope. En me basant sur les Normes Internationales pour la Pratique Professionnelle d'Audit Interne proposées par l'Institut des Auditeurs Internes, je mesure la qualité de la FAI en fonction des attributs et des pratiques de FAI souhaitables qui prennent en compte la compétence (1), l'indépendance (2), les pratiques de reporting et de planification (3), et les pratiques d'amélioration et de vérification de la qualité (4) de la FAI. En ce qui concerne les facteurs décisifs de la qualité de la FAI, je constate que la qualité de la FAI est affectée par les cadres opérationnels et les caractéristiques d'autres mécanismes de gouvernance des entreprises y compris les mesures incitatives de supervision du conseil d'administration, la diligence du comité d'audit et les pouvoirs du PDG. En outre, les mesures incitatives des entreprises destinées à une FAI de haute qualité sont renforcées par les exigences strictes et détaillées en matière de FAI présentes dans les codes de gouvernance d'entreprise des pays. Enfin, je documente le fait que d'autres mécanismes de gouvernance, en particulier les mesures incitatives de supervision des directeurs, jouent un plus grand rôle pour influencer la qualité de la FAI lorsque le cadre réglementaire dans son ensemble est fragile. En ce qui concerne les conséquences économiques d'une FAI de haute qualité, j'aborde le rôle que joue la FAI pour fournir des services de vérification en matière de reporting financier et je constate que la qualité de la FAI est associée de manière positive à la qualité des revenus. En prenant en compte l'implication croissante de la FAI dans la gestion du risque et les initiatives stratégiques, qui a pour conséquence le fait que la FAI joue un rôle accru pour fournir des services de consulting appropriés aux opérations des entreprises, je fournis en outre les preuves qu'une FAI de haute qualité est importante pour la performance opérationnelle des entreprises. Je documente de manière spécifique le fait que la vitesse de reprise de la performance opérationnelle suite à la crise financière récente est considérablement plus rapide pour les entreprises qui bénéficient d'une FAI de haute qualité que pour les entreprises dont la FAI est de mauvaise qualité, et que la qualité de la FAI est associée de manière positive à la bonne capacité d'investissement des entreprises au cours de la période post-crise financière. De plus, je constate que le degré d'implication de la FAI dans les activités de consulting stratégique a un effet positif incrémentiel sur la reprise de la performance, ce qui suggère que fournir des services de consulting est une façon importante pour la FAI de procurer de la valeur aux entreprises. Les bénéfices d'une telle expansion des activités de consulting ont cependant un coût pour les entreprises dont la FAI est de mauvaise qualité, car je constate que l'implication de la FAI dans le consulting stratégique peut nuire au rôle que joue la FAI pour fournir des services de vérification et par conséquent affecter de manière négative la qualité des revenus lorsque la qualité de la FAI est mauvaise mais non pas lorsque la qualité de la FAI est bonne. De manière générale, ces constatations suggèrent que si l'on s'attend à ce que la FAI procure de la valeur aux entreprises en fournissant à la fois des services de vérification et de consulting, il est alors essentiel de maintenir un niveau de qualité de FAI adéquatI develop a new input-based measure of internal audit function (IAF) quality and investigate the factors that incentivize firms to establish a high-quality IAF as well as the economic consequences of a high-quality IAF. To operationalize my empirical analysis, I construct a unique, international archival IAF sample by matching a proprietary global internal auditor survey named CBOK 2010 with public data in the Worldscope database. Based on the International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing proposed by the Institute of Internal Auditors, I measure IAF quality by desirable IAF attributes and practices which encompass the IAF’s (1) competence, (2) independence, (3) planning and reporting practices, and (4) quality assurance and improvement practices. Regarding the determinants of IAF quality, I find that the IAF quality is affected by firms’ operating environments and features of other governance mechanisms including board monitoring incentives, audit committee diligence, and CEO power. Moreover, firms’ incentives for a high-quality IAF are bolstered by strict and detailed IAF requirements in countries’ corporate governance codes. Finally, I document that other governance mechanisms, especially the monitoring incentives of directors, play a greater role in influencing the IAF quality when the overall regulatory environment is weak. Regarding the economic consequences of a high-quality IAF, I first address the role of IAF in providing assurance services in financial reporting and find that IAF quality is positively associated with earnings quality. Considering the increasing involvement of IAF in risk management and strategic initiatives, which leads to an expanded role of IAF in providing consulting services relevant to firms’ operations, I further provide evidence supporting that a high-quality IAF matters for firms’ operating performance. Specifically, I document that the speed of operating performance recovery after the recent financial crisis is significantly quicker for firms with a high-quality IAF than for firms with a low-quality IAF, and that the IAF quality is positively associated with firms’ investment efficiency in the post-financial-crisis period. In addition, I find that the extent to which the IAF is involved in strategic consulting activities has an incremental positive effect on performance recovery, which suggests that providing consulting services is an important way for the IAF to deliver value to firms. However, the benefits from such an expansion of consulting activities comes at a cost in firms with a low-quality IAF, as I find that the IAF’s involvement in strategic consulting can impair the IAF’s role in providing assurance services and hence negatively affects earnings quality when the IAF quality is low but not when the IAF quality is high. Overall, the findings suggest that if the IAF is expected to deliver value to firms by providing both assurance and consulting services, maintaining an appropriate level of IAF quality is essential
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Davidson, Ian Joseph. "Tele-operation of a manipulator using the Internet." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17623.
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Salomonsson, Erik, and Carl Thormählen. "Internal fraud in the banking industry : A cross-bank analysis on operational loss announcements." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-106103.
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Managerial and regulatory focus in the financial industryhas been intensified due to a number of extremely costly and highly publicized events. Whenfraudulent activities or any improper business practices are revealed it may damage the bank’sreputation. In the end this can have a big impact on anyone who is any kind of stakeholder.Reputational risk and by what mechanism reputational risk is adversely affecting stock pricesis therefore of great importance for stakeholders. This study aims at providing insights and abetter understanding of reputational risk. We examine the reputational damage in banksresulting from operational losses and analyze the stock market reaction across the bankingindustry. Research question: What is the effect of operational loss announcements from internalfraudulent activities on competitors in the banking industry? The results show a positive cross-bank reaction during the observed period oftime. Furthermore, the cross-bank reaction is stronger when a reputational damage isrecognized in the bank where the loss occurred. The results show a positive cross-bankreaction during the observed period of time. Furthermore, the cross-bank reaction is strongerwhen a reputational damage is recognized in the bank where the loss occurred.
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Washington, Melissa M. "Strategies for Improving Profitability Through Effective Internal Controls." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5670.
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Between 2007 and 2009, the United States experienced a financial crisis. Many businesses experienced difficulties obtaining funds for projects and working capital due to the great recession. As a result, many business owners filed for bankruptcy. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that some small business owners in the construction industry used when implementing internal control processes to improve profits. The study population entailed 6 individuals in the southeast region of the United States who successfully implemented internal control processes to improve profits. The data collected were from face-to-face interviews, analysis of company documents, and observation. The data analysis process included coding the information to develop patterns and themes. The themes identified in the study included operational strategies, methods to measure the effectiveness of internal controls, barriers to implementing internal controls, and ways internal controls improved profits. The implications for positive social change include the potential to provide construction business owners with effective strategies to implement internal control processes that may lead to increasing employment opportunities for individuals in local communities.
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Cao, Wen Yuan. "Explore the role of QQ groups in Chinese tuishou operations." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2525513.
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Paredes, Leandro Rocío Margaret. "An internal fraud model for operational losses : an application to evaluate data integration techniques in operational risk management in financial institutions." Doctoral thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7998.
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xv, 153 h. : il. ; 30 cmThe handling of external operational loss data by individual banks is one of the longstanding problems in risk management theory and practice. The extant literature has not provided a method to identify the best way to combine internal and external operational loss data to calculate operational risk capital. Hence, to improve the knowledge and understanding of internal-external data combination in operational risk management, this study applied a simulation-based evaluation of well-known data combination techniques such as the scaling, the Bayesian, and the covariate-base techniques. This research considered operational losses arising from internal fraud in retail banking within a group of international banks that share data through an operational loss data exchange. One of the key elements of the simulation-based statistical evaluation was the development of a dynamic internal fraud model for operational losses in retail banking. The internal fraud model incorporated human factors such as the number of employees per branch and the ethical quality of workers. It also included the extent of risk controls set by bank managers. There were two sets of findings. First, according to the simulation-based evaluation, the scaling technique was by far the less useful for estimating the appropriate operational risk capital. The Bayesian and the covariate-based techniques performed best. The Bayesian technique was the best for higher percentiles while the covariate-based technique was the best at not so extreme quantiles. The choice of technique therefore depends on the risk appetite of the financial institution. The second set of findings relates to the model validation with hard data. Losses generated by the model in the banks across the world were associated with GDP growth and the corruption perception of the country where banks were located. In general, internal fraud losses are pro-cyclical and the corruption perception in a country positively affects the occurrence of internal fraud losses. When a country is perceived as more corrupt, retail banking in that country will feature more severe internal fraud losses. To the best of knowledge, it is the first time in the operational risk literature that this type of result is reported
Tesis
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Murray, Casey Alan. "Global operations theory of the interval timing clock from cortico-striatal-thalamic loop feedback." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1574152681&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Roth, Benjamin S. "Academic Culture, Business Culture, and Measuring Achievement Differences: Internal Auditing Views." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/93.
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ABSTRACT
ACADEMIC CULTURE, BUSINESS CULTURE, AND
MEASURING ACHIEVEMENT DIFFERENCES:
INTERNAL AUDITING VIEWS
by
Benjamin Sterling Roth
This study explored whether university internal audit directors’ views of culture and measuring achievement differences between their institutions and a business were related to how they viewed internal auditing priorities and uses. The Carnegie Classification system’s 283 Doctorate-granting Universities were the target population. Directors for 144 institutions (51%) returned questionnaires providing their views of academic culture and measuring achievement differences; the importance of internal auditor attributes, and types, subject areas, and determinants of internal auditing work; and whether operational audits of research, teaching, and public service were appropriate. Data collected included directors’ age, gender, race and ethnicity, education, certifications, and work experience and information on their reporting officials, boards/audit committees, audit departments, and institutions. Chi-square tests of independence, p ≤ .05, determined statistically significant relationships, and Cramer’s V, effect size. Dichotomous categories of “businesslike” and “distinct” were used to label views from the university’s perspective. Fifty-six percent viewed university culture distinct; 65% viewed measuring achievement businesslike. Thirty-eight percent viewed both businesslike; 30%, both distinct; 26%, culture distinct and measuring achievement businesslike; and 6%, culture businesslike and measuring achievement distinct. Culture views were related to measuring achievement views with medium effect, and with large effect for respondent subsets, such as older (≥ 50 years) males, certified internal auditors (CIAs), and directors at schools with higher research funding and/or a medical school. Also, with small effects, a distinct culture view favored awareness of culture and missions; a businesslike culture view favored operational audits; and a businesslike measuring achievement view favored operational audits in research, teaching, and public service. Older males had the highest percentages viewing culture businesslike and both culture and measuring achievement businesslike. CIAs had highest percentages viewing culture distinct and both culture and measuring achievement distinct. With culture and measuring achievement views related, internal auditor awareness of university culture and missions might warrant greater emphasis. Businesslike views favoring operational audits might encourage management practices historically decried by scholars as ill-fitting an academy, or might conserve resources to make more available to enhance academic practices and outcomes.
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Alessio, Marco. "Rassegna sul sistema operativo Android." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4461/.
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Luster, Eric L. "Reducing Internal Theft and Loss in Small Businesses." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5748.
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Every year, several documented data breaches happen in the United States, resulting in the exposure of millions of electronic records. The purpose of this single-case study was to explore strategies some information technology managers used to monitor employees and reduce internal theft and loss. The population for this study consisted of 5 information technology managers who work within the field of technology in the southwestern region of the United States. Participants were selected using purposeful sampling. The conceptual framework for this study included elements from information and communication boundary theories. Data were collected from semistructured interviews, company standard operating procedures, and policy memorandums, which provided detailed information about technology managers' experiences with data security. The collected data were transcribed, member checked, and triangulated to validate credibility and trustworthiness. Two themes emerged from data analysis: the development of policies, procedures, and standards on internal theft and loss, and the use of technology-driven systems to monitor employees and control theft and loss. Technology-based interventions allow leaders within an organization to protect the integrity of systems and networks while monitoring employee actions and behaviors. Study findings could be used by leaders of business organizations to identify and respond to theft and fraud in the workplace. Business leaders may also be able to use study findings to develop employee monitoring programs that help to prevent the loss of both organizational and customers' data, enhancing public trust as a potential implication for positive social change.
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Hedelin, Ingrid. "Conflict Prevention in Internal Conflicts : Is political will all it takes?" Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1916.
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The purpose of the thesis is to see how operational prevention has been carried out in cases of internal conflicts in the last five to six years in order to see whether it has been ineffective just due to lack of political will or if there could be other explanations to it. To fulfil the purpose, two main questions are answered in two steps. The first question is:
What other factors than political will are necessary for operational prevention to be more effective? These other factors then form a model for more effective operational prevention together with political will. The second question is based on this model and is as follows:
Is the model that these factors form followed when operational prevention is applied in practise?
Three cases of conflict are looked at in order to answer the second question, Darfur, Nepal and Haiti. Both steps of the analysis are conducted by means of qualitative text analysis. The results support the common notion that effective conflict prevention is due to political will to act within the international community, but the results also indicate that political will is not all it takes for operational prevention to be effective.
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Sanchez, Aaron. "Internet service provider network evolution in the presence of changing environmental conditions." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FSanchez.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Alderson, David L. Second Reader: Carlyle, W. Matthew. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Internet Service Provider, traffic engineering, network provisioning, network design, network topology, demand matrices Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-89). Also available in print.
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Baxter, Stephen Paul. "Automation techniques for short interval scheduling in a complex manufacturing environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104319.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 43).
Aircraft Company X (ACX) designs and manufactures aircraft. ACX operates Manufacturing Center 1 which produces parts and assemblies for both assembly and spares business lines. Accurate scheduling is crucial for meeting demand and the on time delivery of parts, a key driver of customer satisfaction. Managers currently use a manual process to generate a short interval schedule for production in this volatile, high variety, low volume environment with reentrant flow. The current process is not only time consuming but also disrupts coordination between supporting functions. This thesis explores the challenges of developing and implementing an automated scheduling tool in a flexible job shop with re-entrant flow, part families, sequence dependent set-up times, and machine eligibility restrictions. First, a model is developed from current scheduling rules used by shop floor supervisors. The model uses the earliest due date dispatching rule and part family information to schedule a group of parallel machines. This model is then incorporated into a scheduling tool, which is implemented and tested in the plant. Finally, the results of the implementation are discussed along with improvement to the tool. The purposed tool demonstrated during testing the ability to save a significant amount of the supervisors' time by reducing their involvement in scheduling, to reduce set-up times by grouping similar parts, and to align support functions by providing a unified build plan for the plant.
by Stephen Paul Baxter.
M.B.A.
S.M. in Engineering Systems
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Abduljader, Hassan Ali. "The management of co-operative retail developments in Kuwait." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314439.
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Lewis, Rosemary. "Operational benefit of implementing VoIP in a tactical environment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FLewis.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Systems and Operations)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Dan C. Boger, Rex Buddenberg. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62). Also available online.
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Bengtsson, Ranneberg Emil, and Mikael Hägglund. "En applicering av generaliserade linjära modeller på interndata för operativa risker." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-104985.
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Examensarbetet använder generaliserade linjära modeller för att identifiera och analysera enhetsspecifika egenskaper som påverkar risken för operativa förluster. Företag exponeras sällan mot operativa förluster vilket gör att det finns lite information om dessa förluster. De generaliserade linjära modellerna använder statistiska metoder som gör det möjligt att analysera all tillgänglig interndata trots att den är begränsad. Dessutom möjliggör metoden att analysera frekvensen av förlusterna samt magnituden av förlusterna var för sig. Det är fördelaktigt att göra två separata analyser, oberoende av varandra, för att identifiera vilka enhetsspecifika egenskaper som påverkar förlustfrekvensen respektive förlustmagnituden. För att modellera frekvensen av förlusterna används en Poissonfördelning. För att modellera magnituden av förlusterna används en Tweediefördelning som baseras på en semiparametrisk fördelning. Frekvens- och magnitudmodellen kombineras till en gemensam modell för att analysera vad som påverkar den totala kostnaden för operativa förluster. Resultatet visar att enhetens region, inkomst per tjänstgjord timme, storlek, internbetyg och erfarenhet hos personalen påverkar kostnaden för operativa förluster.The objective of this Master’s Thesis is to identify and analyze explanatory variables that affect operational losses. This is achieved by applying Generalized Linear Models and selecting a number of explanatory variables that are based on the company’s unit attributes. An operational loss is a rare event and as a result, there is a limited amount of internal data. Generalized Linear Models uses a range of statistical tools to give reliable estimates although the data is scarce. By performing two separate and independent analyses, it is possible to identify and analyze various unit attributes and their impact of the loss frequency and loss severity. When modeling the loss frequency, a Poisson distribution is applied. When modeling the loss severity, a Tweedie distribution that is based on a semi-parametric distribution is applied. To analyze the total cost as a consequence of operational losses for a single unit with certain attributes, the frequency model and the severity model are combined to form one common model. The result from the analysis shows that the geographical location of the unit, the size of the unit, the income per working hour, the working experience of the employees and the internal rating of the unit are all attributes that affects the cost of operational losses.
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Farrier, Terrence Lee. "Overcoming the Adverse Impact of Internal Subculture Communications within Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3347.
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The need for clear and organizationally effective communications is necessary to maintain sustainability as competition increases. Current research has not addressed problems associated with senior managers' clarity and intent and the misinterpretation by midlevel managers of that intent, causing division managers to misinterpret the company plans. Unresolved miscommunications may lead to destructive subculture development. This mixed methods design focused on how to minimize the confusion that manifests between senior and midlevel management within diverse and decentralized decision support structures. The secondary purpose was to advocate for the identification of divisional misalignment and provide information for a tool to help senior level managers identify possible misalignment. Leader-member exchange theory and decision theory guided the research design associated with the study of middle-level managers (N = 220) whose companies were members of the local Rotary clubs and selected individual businesses in South Carolina. Results were analyzed with correlations, ANOVA, and regression. Results indicated that the independent variables of clarity, information delivery tools, mental frame, and the form of message did not statistically affect the decision-making processes of middle level managers in similar-sized businesses. However, the qualitative results suggested that the senior manager's clarity is related directly to the distinction between FYI and FYA forms of communication. Positive social change may result from the findings. The results could be used to improve decision makers' ability to communicate their organizational strategy to other managers, thus promoting sustained businesses success and employment in a community.