Journal articles: 'Internal operation'

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PION-BERLIN, DAVID. "THE MILITARY AND INTERNAL SECURITY OPERATIONS IN LATIN AMERICA." Revista Política y Estrategia, no. 130 (December 27, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26797/rpye.v0i130.131.

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The nature of 21st century threats to internal security require, in certain situations, the introduction of the armed forces. Can the military be used effectively, and in ways that are consistent with standards of humane conduct, and that will minimize collateral damage? It very much depends on the precise nature of the operation. It is important to know whether an operation coincides with a military’s professional skills and preferences. The probability of operational success and civilian protection is enhanced when the operation is congruent with military capabilities, where soldiers can confine themselves to military-like operations and not engage in police work.

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Chen, Jason, Ming-Hsien Yang, and Tian-Lih Koo. "A Control-Data-Mapping Entity-Relationship Model for Internal Controls Construction in Database Design." International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations 4, no. 2 (April 2014): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkbo.2014040102.

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The internal controls construction of a transaction system is important to management, operation and auditing. In the environment of manual operation, the internal controls of the transaction process are all done by manual mechanism. However, after the transaction processing environment has been changed from manual operation to computerized operation, the internal control techniques have been gradually transformed from manual mechanisms to computerized methods. The essence of internal controls in operational activities is the data expressions or constraints. The adoption of information systems often results in internal control deficiencies and operating risks due to the data unavailable in database for the data expressions of internal controls. Hence, how to design database schema to support internal controls mechanism is becoming a crucial issue for a computerized enterprise. Therefore, this paper referred Entity-Relationship model (ER model) in order to propose a Control-Data-Mapping Entity-relationship (CDMER) model by manipulating the required fields of tables to design database to support internal controls construction. Finally, a simple simulated case is prepared for illustration of the CDMER model. The contribution of this paper is to enhance the reliability of information systems through internal controls construction by applying the model to design databases.

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LIN, YU-EN, HSIANG-HSUAN CHIH, CHIA-HSIEN TANG, and TAI-HSUN HUANG. "THE IMPACT OF INTERNAL CONTROL ON FIRM’S RISK AND PERFORMANCE." Annals of Financial Economics 10, no. 02 (December 2015): 1550012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010495215500128.

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Based on the annual data of internal control weakness during 2008–2012, this paper empirically analyzes Chinese listed firms’ internal control weakness and its influence on the risks and performance of banks. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the internal control weakness have long-term information content or not. In addition, this paper examines the effect of interaction term of internal control weakness and managers’ holdings on firm’s performance and risk and improves the firm’s operation. Our results are summarized as follows: First, the disclosure of internal weakness would decrease operation risk slightly but has severe effect on future performance. Second, the blockhold would decrease the operation performance for firm disclosing internal control weakness. Finally, the increase of mangers’ holdings would decrease the operating risk, and does not decrease the operating performance. These results argue that if managers increase their stock holdings after firms disclosing the internal control weakness, they would improve the firm’s operation condition and risk management.

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Galloway, R. L., and G. White. "The Internal Information Systems Function as a Service Operation." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 9, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000001234.

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User dissatisfaction with the performance of internal systems design departments is widespread. It is demonstrated here that viewing such a department as a service operations system, operating within a particular market, throws light upon the causes of dissatisfaction and indicates possible remedies. The lessons are likely to be equally applicable to other internal service functions. An internal consistency model of service operations is introduced, and its value as a general diagnostic aid in the service operations field is demonstrated. The information in this study was gathered within one region of a public utility in the United Kingdom.

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Pritchard, Huw O., and Peter Q. E. Clothier. "Anaerobic operation of an internal combustion engine." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 20 (1986): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39860001529.

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Stallmach, A., and C. Schmidt. "Ileoanale Pouch-Operation." Der Internist 48, no. 6 (June 2007): 606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00108-007-1835-8.

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Mamontov, Anatoliy, Yevhen Pelypenko, Olena Rebrova, and Vadim Shevtsov. "DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL OPERATING MODES OF OPERATION OF TRACTOR AGRICULTURAL TIRES." Technology transfer: fundamental principles and innovative technical solutions 4 (November 30, 2020): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2585-6847.2020.001501.

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The efficiency of wheeled agricultural tractors when performing traction technological operations is characterized by two aspects. The first of these is traction efficiency, which mainly depends on the coupling weight of the tractor and the perfection of its running system. Another aspect is environmental friendliness, which is determined by the level of compaction impact on the soil. In general, these aspects are oppositely directed. That is, an increase in traction efficiency requires an increase in the grip weight and, as a consequence, an increase in the radial load on the tires and the internal pressure in them. This leads to an increase in tire pressure on the ground and deterioration in their environmental performance. As a result of excessive soil compaction, the yield of agricultural crops is significantly reduced. To solve this problem, it is necessary to reduce the tire pressure on the ground, which can be achieved by reducing the grip weight or developing and introducing new innovative tire designs. But, even new innovative tire designs have corresponding limitations due to the radial load interval, internal pressure, travel speed and the amount of torque on the wheel. These restrictions form the area of possible operating modes of tractor tires, individual sections of which differ significantly in terms of traction efficiency and environmental friendliness. Within the limits of possible modes of operation of the tire, operating modes must be implemented in areas of high efficiency and environmental friendliness. The materials of this article are basic in the study and substantiation of rational operating modes of tractor agricultural tires, and also provide prerequisites for the formation of recommendations for improving the traction efficiency and environmental friendliness of wheeled tractors

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Amir, Amihood, Panagiotis Charalampopoulos, Solon P. Pissis, and Jakub Radoszewski. "Dynamic and Internal Longest Common Substring." Algorithmica 82, no. 12 (July 15, 2020): 3707–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-020-00744-0.

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Abstract Given two strings S and T, each of length at most n, the longest common substring (LCS) problem is to find a longest substring common to S and T. This is a classical problem in computer science with an $$\mathcal {O}(n)$$ O ( n ) -time solution. In the fully dynamic setting, edit operations are allowed in either of the two strings, and the problem is to find an LCS after each edit. We present the first solution to the fully dynamic LCS problem requiring sublinear time in n per edit operation. In particular, we show how to find an LCS after each edit operation in $$\tilde{\mathcal {O}}(n^{2/3})$$ O ~ ( n 2 / 3 ) time, after $$\tilde{\mathcal {O}}(n)$$ O ~ ( n ) -time and space preprocessing. This line of research has been recently initiated in a somewhat restricted dynamic variant by Amir et al. [SPIRE 2017]. More specifically, the authors presented an $$\tilde{\mathcal {O}}(n)$$ O ~ ( n ) -sized data structure that returns an LCS of the two strings after a single edit operation (that is reverted afterwards) in $$\tilde{\mathcal {O}}(1)$$ O ~ ( 1 ) time. At CPM 2018, three papers (Abedin et al., Funakoshi et al., and Urabe et al.) studied analogously restricted dynamic variants of problems on strings; specifically, computing the longest palindrome and the Lyndon factorization of a string after a single edit operation. We develop dynamic sublinear-time algorithms for both of these problems as well. We also consider internal LCS queries, that is, queries in which we are to return an LCS of a pair of substrings of S and T. We show that answering such queries is hard in general and propose efficient data structures for several restricted cases.

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Muhiuddin, G., Feng Feng, and Young Bae Jun. "Subalgebras of BCK/BCI-Algebras Based on Cubic Soft Sets." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/458638.

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Operations of cubic soft sets including “AND” operation and “OR” operation based onP-orders andR-orders are introduced and some related properties are investigated. An example is presented to show that theR-union of two internal cubic soft sets might not be internal. A sufficient condition is provided, which ensure that theR-union of two internal cubic soft sets is also internal. Moreover, some properties of cubic soft subalgebras of BCK/BCI-algebras based on a given parameter are discussed.

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Mou, Junmin, Xuefei Jia, Pengfei Chen, and Linying Chen. "Research on Operation Safety of Offshore Wind Farms." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080881.

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The operation of offshore wind farms is characterized by a complicated operational environment, long project cycle, and complex vessel traffic, which lead to safety hazards. To identify the key factors affecting the operational safety of offshore wind farms, the risk characteristics of offshore wind farm operations are analyzed based on comprehensive identification of hazards and risk assessment theory. A systematic fault tree analysis of the offshore wind farm operation is established. The assessment shows that the key risk factors that induce offshore wind power collapse, corrosion, fire, lightning strikes, blade failure, personal injury, ship collision, and submarine cable damage accidents are gale, untimely overhauling, improper fire stopping methods, high average number of thunderstorm days, the loose internal structure of fan, working at height, collision avoidance failure, and insufficient buried depth of cables.

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Иванов, Святослав, and Svyatoslav Ivanov. "Intention and plan for operational search operation." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2019, no. 3 (October 15, 2019): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2019-3-136-143.

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The article is devoted to the problem of planning operational search operations conducted by the operational units of the internal affairs agencies, and is based on the analysis of the practical activities of the police (militia) and counterintelligence agencies of Russia, some works of domestic and foreign researchers and the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On operational search activities”. The availability of a single plan and intention is recognized as mandatory features of operational-search operations, along with coordination of all operational-search measures and other supportive tactical methods of action envisaged by them for the purpose, time and place (objects). The content of the plan and intention, their relationship, dependence on the purpose and scale of the operation, and the assessment by the manager and the operational officer of the general and specific operational situation are considered. It was stated that there is an insufficient normative entrenchment of the issues of physical detention of suspects, ambushes and other supportive tactical methods of action. Based on the personal experience of the author, some practical recommendations are given on the use of operational combinations, operational games, the use of tactical principles, including the principle of surprise that is mandatory for arranging and conducting operations, conducting reconnaissance, applying operational masking, etc.

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de Souza, Ibere Guarani, Daniel Pacheco Lacerda, Luis Felipe Riehs Camargo, Aline Dresch, and Fabio Antonio Sartori Piran. "Efficiency and internal benchmark on an armament company." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 7 (October 1, 2018): 2018–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-08-2016-0128.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the productive efficiency and the best operational practices in an armaments manufacturer.Design/methodology/approachA longitudinal case study is performed using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Using DEA, an assessment of six years in the company manufacturing process is conducted. The research aims at developing an internal benchmark on three production lines of the company.FindingsThe results show that only one of the three analyzed production lines increased efficiency over time. With this result, the most efficient production line may be used as a reference in relation to the best operational practices of the company. Moreover, it was found that the current indicators to evaluate efficiency are insufficient and may lead to wrong management decisions.Practical implicationsThis research could allow a larger understanding of the factors that really contribute to increased operational efficiency. This is due to internal benchmark assist in the identification of the best practices. The identification of best practices can contribute to enhance the efficiency of inefficient operations without the need for external comparisons.Originality/valueDEA contributes due to its robustness, for the evaluation of productive efficiency. One of the contributions of this study is to identify opportunities for improvement in key components of the operation through targets, internal benchmarking and robust assessment of productive efficiency.

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Omanovic, Andyn, Norbert Zsiga, Patrik Soltic, and Christopher Onder. "Increased Internal Combustion Engine Efficiency with Optimized Valve Timings in Extended Stroke Operation." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 2750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102750.

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Spark-ignited internal combustion engines are known to exhibit a decreased brake efficiency in part-load operation. Similarly to cylinder deactivation, the x-stroke operation presented in this paper is an adjustable form of skip-cycle operation. It is an effective measure to increase the efficiency of an internal combustion engine, which has to be equipped with a variable valve train to enable this feature. This paper presents an optimization procedure for the exhaust valve timings applicable to any valid stroke operation number greater than four. In the first part, the gas spring operation, during which all gas exchange valves are closed, is explained, as well as how it affects the indicated efficiency and the blow-by mass flow. In the second part, a simulation model with variable valve timings, parameterized with measurement data obtained on the engine test, is used to find the optimal valve timings. We show that in 12-stroke operation and with a cylinder load of 5 Nm, an indicated efficiency of 34.3% is achieved. Preloading the gas spring with residual gas prevents oil suction and thus helps to reduce hydrocarbon emissions. Measurements of load variations in 4-, 8-, and 12-stroke operations show that by applying an x-stroke operation, the indicated efficiency remains high and the center of combustion remains optimal in the range of significantly lower torque outputs.

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Wheatley, Frances. "Internal rotation is a cloak and dagger operation." Nursing Standard 16, no. 9 (November 14, 2001): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.16.9.30.s47.

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Lodge, Juliet. "Internal security and judicial co‐operation beyond maastricht." Terrorism and Political Violence 4, no. 3 (September 1992): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546559208427157.

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Dümpelmann, R., and A. Baiker. "Criteria for gradientless operation of internal recycle reactors." Chemical Engineering Science 47, no. 9-11 (June 1992): 2665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(92)87110-c.

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Grossnickle, J. A., R. D. Brooks, C. L. Deards, A. L. Hoffman, P. A. Melnik, K. E. Miller, R. D. Milroy, A. Tankut, K. M. Velas, and G. C. Vlases. "Operation of TCSU with Internal Flux-Conserving Rings." Journal of Fusion Energy 29, no. 6 (July 31, 2010): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10894-010-9320-0.

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Farkas, I., and I. Vajk. "Internal model-based controller for solar plant operation." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 49, no. 3 (December 2005): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2005.08.004.

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Law, Kris M. Y. "How schedule issues affect drug logistics operations: an empirical study in hospitals in China." Industrial Management & Data Systems 116, no. 3 (April 11, 2016): 369–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-03-2015-0091.

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Purpose – The drug logistics play a crucial role in the hospital service performance. It has been proved that modern logistics concept is a valid access to competitiveness. In order to enhance the comprehensive capability and core competence of hospitals, including the internal support system, there is a great need to have an in-depth and systematic study on the drug logistics system in hospitals. The purpose of this paper is to explore the current situation of the drug logistics and the drug centres operations in public hospitals in China; specifically how the organizational partnerships with the supply chain partners can affect the operational performance. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the possibility of correlations between schedule instability, partnerships with supply chain partners, and internal drug logistics operation is investigated by modelling, with reference to the previous work of Law et al. (2009), in which collective efficacy of the performance is incorporated into the model. Findings – The findings of this study show that the drug logistics working teams in public hospitals in China have a high level of efficacy and self-confidence, while they perceive they provide good operations even at a low level of schedule nervousness. The study also reinforces the significant correlation between internal operation and partnership with customers. This is definitely useful for the development of an appropriate framework for drug logistics operation improvement in the long run. Originality/value – The study thus offers a good reference for the administrators and practitioners who are keen on improving the service operations in the healthcare sector in the region.

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Andrej, Chríbik, Polóni Marián, and Minárik Matej. "Use of Methane-Free Synthesis Gases as Fuel in an Spark Ignition Combustion Engine." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 70, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2020-0018.

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AbstractThe presented article deals with the use of methane-free synthesis gases in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine. The authors analyse the influence of seven synthesis gases on integral as well as internal parameters of the engine and make comparisons with operation on methane. The main combustible components of the synthesis gas are hydrogen and carbon monoxide and the remainder are inert gases (nitrogen and carbon dioxide). At the operating speed of the combustion engine of 1500 rpm, at which the cogeneration unit operates, in comparison with methane a decrease in power parameters was recorded in the range from 19 to 35%. The increase in the hourly fuel consumption was 6 to 8 times higher. Depending on the gas composition, the optimum start of ignition angle at full load ranged from 17 to 26 °CA BTDC. In terms of analysis of internal parameters, the cyclic variability of the pressure in the engine cylinder, which characterizes the stability of its operation, was in synthesis gases operation mostly at a lower level (from 3.6% to 6.9%) than in methane operation (6.8%). Due to the presence of hydrogen, the main combustion time interval of all synthesis gases has been shorter compared to methane. The presented results serve to better understand the setting of the waste gasification process so that the highest possible energy and economic recovery in the cogeneration unit is obtained.

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Szabados, György. "The study of group and team management in agribusiness companies." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 3, no. 1-2 (May 30, 2009): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2009/1-2/9.

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For almost three decades now that the operation of groups and teams became highlighted by scientific examinations and widespread acknowledged leverage for improving corporate efficiency and effectiveness. Much is known about general conditions of operation, still little is known about managerial attitudes, behaviour in operating them. Considering the agribusiness sector, we have hundreds of years of traditions; although operational rules, internal properties, managerial aspects are poorly acknowledged. The Department of Management of University of Debrecen has been conducting research in this field for many years now. Its research program enabled me to work out a questionnaire for surveying agribusiness organizations so that I could identify major and typical characteristics of performance groups. In this article I intend to more precisely describe internal rules, relations and characteristics of this phenomenon.

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Landowski, Bogdan, Michał Pająk, Bogdan Żółtowski, and Łukasz Muślewski. "Method of Building a Model of Operational Changes for the Marine Combustion Engine Describing the Impact of the Damages of This Engine on the Characteristics of Its Operation Process." Polish Maritime Research 24, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0137.

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AbstractThis article deals with the modeling of the processes of operating both marine main and auxiliary engines. The paper presents a model of changes in operating conditions of ship’s internal combustion engine. The semi-Markov decision process was used to mathematically describe the process model of the engine. The developed model describes the effect of engine damage on the characteristics of its operation. A change in the input parameters of the model can simulate the influence of internal and external factors on the course of the analyzed process. A simplified calculation example is also presented for illustration purposes. The presented method together with developed algorithms and IT tools can be used to solve a wide range of problems related to the operation of marine main engines and other marine equipment as well as maritime and port facilities. This concerns primarily the economic, risk management and operational security issues of complex technical systems, as well as the readiness and reliability analysis of technical facilities.

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Baclawski, Kenneth, Dan Simovici, and William White. "A categorical approach to database semantics." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 4, no. 2 (June 1994): 147–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000426.

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We propose a formalization of standard database management systems using topos theory. In this treatment, all constructions take place within an ambient topos, which thereby serves as the ‘universe of discourse’. A database schema is defined using objects and morphisms in the ambient topos. A database state for a given schema involves not only the ambient topos but also an internal category within the topos. This approach neatly separates the schema from the state data by placing them in distinct category structures. It is shown that database states can either be regarded syntactically as objects in an external topos or semantically as morphisms in an internal slice category. A number of operations are introduced that correspond to operations used in standard database systems. Extraction selects some of the tables, attributes and domains of a database state. The squeeze operation performs an ‘elimination of duplicates’, which can be combined with extraction to obtain an operation called ‘projection’ in standard relational database systems. A join operation is defined, which generalizes the relational join operation and can be used for the cartesian product and selection operations. Finally, ‘boolean’ operations of intersection, union and difference are introduced and related to the other operations.

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Danting, Zou, Farzana Quoquab, and Nomahaza Mahadi. "Enhancing the Tourism Operation Success in Sabah Malaysia: a Conceptual Framework." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.21 (August 8, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.21.17151.

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In recent years, the tourism industry is in the rise and contributes significantly in the economy of Malaysia. Although Sabah is one of the main tourism attractions in Malaysia, the studies towards the factors that can ensure the tourism operation success have not been fully concerned at the same time. Considering this, the present study proposes a conceptual framework that addresses internal as well as external factors towards the tourism operation success in Sabah. This study utilized scientific way of reviewing literature in gathering the relevant information. Relevant articles are reviewed pertaining to the tourism operation success. Content analysis approach is considered to analyse the data. The framework suggests that, the internal and external issues faced by the tourism operators are the key factors that determined the successful performance and development of the tourism operators in Sabah. The proposed internal factors are proper cash flow management, human resource management and brand image whereas, the external factors are the usage of online social media and the cooperation from the online travel agencies. Together, these two big forces (internal and external) enhance the performance of tourism operations in Sabah which eventually contributes to the tourism operation success.

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Xin-gao, Liu, Qian Ji-xin, and Xu Yong-mao. "Operation behaviors of ideal internal thermally coupled distillation columns." Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A 1, no. 4 (October 2000): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2000.0361.

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Nair, Kiron Kumar Somasekharan, Kak Chen Chan, and Mark St. John Hickey. "Arterial switch operation: successful bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 69, no. 3 (March 2000): 949–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(99)01411-3.

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RAKOPOULOS, C., and E. GIAKOUMIS. "Second-law analyses applied to internal combustion engines operation." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 32, no. 1 (2006): 2–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2005.10.001.

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Ridolfini, V. Pericoli, E. Barbato, P. Buratti, G. Calabrò, C. Castaldo, M. De Benedetti, B. Esposito, et al. "High density internal transport barriers for burning plasma operation." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 47, no. 12B (November 7, 2005): B285—B301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/47/12b/s21.

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Suh, Won-Seok, Jin-Young Kim, and Dong-Wan Ko. "Internal controls for small resort operation : A case study." International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research 30, no. 12 (December 31, 2016): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.21298/ijthr.2016.12.30.12.125.

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Nguyen, Hai-Nguyen, ChangSu Ha, and Dongjun Lee. "Mechanics, control and internal dynamics of quadrotor tool operation." Automatica 61 (November 2015): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2015.08.015.

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Rheuban, Karen S., Irving L. Kron, and Annamaria Bulatovic. "Internal mammary artery bypass after the arterial switch operation." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 50, no. 1 (July 1990): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(90)90103-d.

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Yuhimenko, Vladimir, Dmitry Baimel, Moshe Sitbon, Moshe Averbukh, Simon Lineykin, and Alon Kuperman. "Hybrid Internal Combustion Engine Based Auxiliary Power Unit." Micromachines 11, no. 4 (April 21, 2020): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11040438.

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The brief presents some principles of the ON/OFF operational strategy applied to energy management of a hybrid internal combustion engine (ICE) based auxiliary power unit (APU). It is shown that significant reduction of fuel consumption (78% for the example system presented) and maintenance expenses (80% operation time decrease was attained by the system) may be achieved by such a strategy, shifting the system operation point towards corresponding optimal region. The side effect of aggravated amount of starting events is cured by employing an actively balanced supercapacitor (SC)-based emergency starter (SCS). The SCS operates as short-time energy storage device, charging from the battery at a low rate and then providing a current burst required for proper internal combustion engine starting. Current sensorless method of automatic connection (based on bus voltage sensing) and disconnection (based on sensing the voltage across bidirectional MOSFET-based switch) of the SCS is also proposed. The proposed circuitry, successfully validated by experiments, may be arbitrarily scaled up or down according to application rating.

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Liu, Yunpeng, Xinye Li, Huan Li, Jiaxue Wang, and Xiaozhou Fan. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Internal Temperature of an Oil-Immersed Power Transformer with DOFS." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 5718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165718.

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To accurately detect and monitor the internal temperature of an operating power transformer, the distributed optical fiber sensor (DOFS) was creatively applied inside an oil-immersed 35 kV transformer through high integration with the winding wire. On the former basis, the power transformer prototype with a completely global internal temperature sensing capability was successfully developed and it was also qualified for power grid operation through the ex-factory type tests. The internal spatially continuous temperature distribution of the operating transformer was then revealed through a heat-run test and the numerical simulation was also applied for further analysis. Hotspots of windings were continuously located and monitored (emerging at about 89%/90% height of low/high voltage winding), which were furtherly compared with the IEC calculation results. This new nondestructive internal sensing method shows a broad application prospect in the electrical equipment field. Also, the revelation of transformer internal distributed temperature can offer a solid reference for both researchers and field operation staff.

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G, Davaasuren, and Gantulga G. "The optimization of internal combustion engine oil change periods." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 26, no. 01 (April 30, 2019): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v26i01.1212.

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It is vitally important for vehicle users that are to study the operating regime that may negative effect to the operation of the engine, to reduce its effect, to maintain the engine's reliability in accordance with the specific operating conditions. Quality of lubrication is one of the main factors that are improving of reliability and operational efficiency for any machinery their spare parts. So this paper presents to optimize of oil change intervals and to determine of wear rating of spare parts by content of metal particles in the internal combustion engine used oil. Дотоод шаталтат хөдөлгүүрийн тос солих хугацааг оновчлох нь Хураангуй: Машин ашиглагчдын хувьд тухайн хөдөлгүүрийн ажиллагаанд сөрөг нөлөө үзүүлэх ашиглалтын горимыг судалж, түүний хор нөлөөг багасгах болон ашиглалтын өвөрмөц нөхцөлд тохируулан хөдөлгүүрийн найдварт ажиллагааг ханган зөв, ашигтай ажиллуулах чадвартай байх нь асар их ач холбогдолтой юм. Аливаа машин техник , тэдгээрийн агрегат, зангилаа эд ангийн удаан эдлэхүй, найдвартай ажиллагааг хангах, ашиглалтын үр ашгийг дээшлүүлэх гол хүчин зүйлүүдийн нэг нь тосолгооны чанар байдаг учраас дотоод шаталтат хөдөлгүүрийн ашигласан тосон дахь металлын агууламжыг илрүүлж, эд ангийн элэгдлийн явцыг тодорхойлон, тос солих хугацааг оновчлох асуудлыг судалгааны хүрээнд авч үзлээ. Түлхүүр үг: Хөдөлгүүрийн ашигласан тосны шинжилгээ, металл хольц, тосны бохирдол, тортог, элэгдлийн элементийн хязгаар

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Suzuki, Yukihito, Yaodong Pan, Hiroki Takase, and Katsuhisa Furuta. "Identification of Human Bimanual Operation Using XY-Stages." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 20, no. 4 (August 20, 2008): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2008.p0585.

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Our bimanual operation experiments have shown that the movement of one hand affects that of the other at higher frequencies – a coupling that weakens for a skilled operator. To determine the bimanual operational properties, we designed a bimanual operation system with two XY-stages for studying Human Adaptive Mechatronics (HAM). Each XY-stage has two DC motors, a six-dimension force sensor, and two encoders. An operator moves the XY-stage through a grip on the force sensor. We first studied dynamic human properties, based on which we determined XY-stage specifications. The PID controller with a Virtual Internal Model (VIM) of the XY-stage, we designed enables XY-stages to follow the trajectory given by the operator, including locations and force commands. Using the XY-stages, we conducted bimanual operation experiments in which operators manipulate the XY-stages bimanually to track two orthogonal trajectories. To investigate bimanual operation properties, we analyzed variation, correlation, and the power spectrum density (PSD) of experimental input and output data and identified the transfer functions. This paper presents the design of the bimanual operation system and shows the experimental results and the analysis results of bimanual operations.

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Sharma, G. N., Sundararajan T., and G. S. Singh. "Design to Operational Parameters Dependency on Quality Factor of Sensor Mechanical Resonators." Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya 29, no. 2 (2021): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17285/0869-7035.0060.

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The critical functional part of any high performance resonance based sensor is a mechanical resonator. The performance is measured by resonator quality factor (Q-factor). Damping mechanisms such as thermoelastic damping (TED), anchor loss, surface loss, material internal friction, fluid damping and electronics damping are covered in this review with more focus on gyroscope resonators. Dissipations can be reduced by different means. Hence, the effects of various design to operational parameters on the Q-factor for different configurations, sizes and materials are reviewed in detail. Micro scale ring resonators can achieve a Q-factor of the order of hundreds of thousands. Macro scale hemispherical resonators are suitable for ultrahigh Q-factors. High temperature sensor operation is not preferred because of TED, while sub-zero operation is limited by material internal friction. Few orders of dissipation increase are seen with thin film metallic coating due to TED and coating material internal friction. High precision fabrication is mandatory to achieve the designed minimum anchor loss as it is highly sensitive to fabrication imperfections. Q-factor sensitivity to operating pressure is different for different resonator configurations. This review study helps to build a comprehensive mechanical resonator design, realization and operation strategy to achieve high sensor performance. A roadmap on future research requirements for developing compact mass producible CVG type sensors with ultrahigh Q-factor is also highlighted.

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Marx, Falko, Paul Dieringer, Jochen Ströhle, and Bernd Epple. "Design of a 1 MWth Pilot Plant for Chemical Looping Gasification of Biogenic Residues." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 2581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092581.

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Chemical looping gasification (CLG) is a promising process for the thermochemical solid to liquid conversion route using lattice oxygen, provided by a solid oxygen carrier material, to produce a nitrogen free synthesis gas. Recent advances in lab-scale experiments show that CLG with biomass has the possibility to produce a carbon neutral synthesis gas. However, all experiments have been conducted in externally heated units, not enabling autothermal operation. In this study, the modification of an existing pilot plant for demonstrating autothermal operation of CLG is described. Energy and mass balances are calculated using a validated chemical looping combustion process model extended for biomass gasification. Based on six operational cases, adaptations of the pilot plant are designed and changes discussed. A reactor configuration using two circulating fluidized bed reactors with internal solid circulation in the air reactor is proposed and a suitable operating strategy devised. The resulting experimental unit enables a reasonable range of operational parameters within restrictions imposed from autothermal operation.

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Westerborn, Anders. "Results of Operation (Splanchnicotomy) for Hypertension." Acta Medica Scandinavica 138, S246 (April 24, 2009): 268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1950.tb12314.x.

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Ciuffoletti, Augusto. "Stateless IoT." Information 11, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11020085.

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Energy consumption is a relevant matter in the design of IoT applications. Edge units—sensors and actuators—save energy by operating intermittently. When idle, they suspend their operation, losing the content of the onboard memory. Their internal state, needed to resume their work, is recorded on external storage: in the end, their internal operation is stateless. The backend infrastructure does not follow the same design principle: concentrators, routers, and servers are always-on devices that frustrate the energy-saving operation of edge devices. In this paper, we show how serverless functions, asynchronously invoked by the stateless edge devices, are an energy-saving option. We introduce a basic model for system operation and energy footprint evaluation. To demonstrate its soundness, we study a simple use case, from the design to a prototype.

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FORTI, MARCO, FURIO HONSELL, and MARINA LENISA. "An axiomatization of partial n-place operations." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 7, no. 3 (June 1997): 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129597002272.

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We propose a general theory of partial n-place operations based solely on the primitive notion of the application of a (possibly partial) operation to n objects. This theory is strongly selfdescriptive in that the fundamental manipulations of operations, that is, application, composition, abstraction, union, intersection and so on, are themselves internal operations. We give several applications of this theory, including implementations of partial n-ary λ-calculus, and other operation description languages. We investigate the issue of extensionality and give weakly extensional models of the theory.

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Wissink, Martin L., Yan Chen, Matthew J. Frost, Scott J. Curran, Orlando Rios, Zachary C. Sims, David Weiss, Eric T. Stromme, and Ke An. "Operando measurement of lattice strain in internal combustion engine components by neutron diffraction." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 52 (December 21, 2020): 33061–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012960117.

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Engineering neutron diffraction can nondestructively and noninvasively probe stress, strain, temperature, and phase evolutions deep within bulk materials. In this work, we demonstrate operando lattice strain measurement of internal combustion engine components by neutron diffraction. A modified commercial generator engine was mounted in the VULCAN diffractometer at the Spallation Neutron Source, and the lattice strains in both the cylinder block and head were measured under static nonfiring conditions as well as steady state and cyclic transient operation. The dynamic temporal response of the lattice strain change during transient operation was resolved in two locations by asynchronous stroboscopic neutron diffraction. We demonstrated that operando neutron measurements can allow for understanding of how materials behave throughout operational engineering devices. This study opens a pathway for the industrial and academic communities to better understand the complexities of material behavior during the operation of internal combustion engines and other real-scale devices and systems and to leverage techniques developed here for future investigations of numerous new platforms and alloys.

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Savin, Leonid, Alexander Stetsenko, and Vladimir Panyushkin. "Improvement of maintenance and repair system of internal combustion engines of automotive equipment." MATEC Web of Conferences 341 (2021): 00062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134100062.

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The paper analyzes the operating conditions of road transport affecting its reliability. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop scientifically based strategies flexible of AE maintenance based on predicting the failure moment by extrapolating the process of time drift of the informative parameters of the AE at the interval of its intended use. To solve this problem, we propose an approach based on the use of quasi-deterministic models of the time drift of the AE parameters, which allow to obtain analytical expressions for the main reliability indicators -density of the distribution time to failure and the probability of failure -free operation at a given time interval. On the basis of these indicators of reliability in operation, performance indicators have been formed allowing determining of the optimal maintenance frequency. In the final part of the article, the author proposes an algorithm and a methodology that allows organizing flexible strategies for AE maintenance, considering special conditions of its operation.

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Chen, Hong Ming, and Ya Nan Shi. "The Empirical Study on Factors Influencing the Disclosure of Internal Control Information of Listed Companies." Advanced Materials Research 159 (December 2010): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.159.162.

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The internal control is an important means to realize the purpose of organizations, however, the effectiveness of internal control depends on not only the design, more important, but its rationality, completion and effectiveness of operation. The disclosure of internal control information is usually a way of examining the effectiveness of internal control’s operation for management and evaluating the company’s operational condition and forecasting its development foreground for external stakeholders. Due to the lack of unified standards for disclosure of internal control information, the obscurity of responsibility, centralization of ownership and some others, the disclosure of internal control did not implement effectively. Based on the data of the 19 listed companies of real estate companies during 2007-2009, the article analyzes the influence of equity structure, sales growth, financial leverage, net assets yield, and audit opinion on financial report, enterprise scale, total asset turnover and current ratio to the disclosure of internal control information. It applies the principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate linear regression

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Önen, Senem, Abdullah Nsair, and Kerstin Kuchta. "Innovative operational strategies for biogas plant including temperature and stirring management." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 3 (December 17, 2018): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18816800.

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Finding the optimum operational conditions (mainly temperature and stirring) inside the fermenters is crucial in the field of anaerobic digestion. This study was conducted to contribute to the research area of anaerobic digestion process optimization and is an example for other biogas plants to improve efficiency. The research aimed at finding the optimum operational conditions in a large-scale biogas plant located in Lower Saxony, Germany, which started operation in 2011. The optimization activities were performed by operating the fermenters under different operational conditions: the temperature inside the fermenters ranged between 40°C and 43°C, while applying several stirring scenarios. These changes led to an increase in specific electricity yield of 11.7% and a decrease in internal energy consumption of 10.4%. The total internal energy consumption of the biogas plant was in the range of 6.3–7.2% (the average monthly internal energy consumption was 6.7% in 2013 and 6.0% in 2014) from their own production, and 28% of this energy consumption was used by the stirrers before optimization. Therefore, finding the optimum operational conditions leads to high energy harvesting and lower internal energy consumption.

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Bahale, Satish, and Amit Shende. "Computer Aided Design and Analysis of Tapping Tool with Diametrical flexibility." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 7, no. 2 (S) (July 10, 2017): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.icsesd201722.

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Tapping operation which refers to production of internal threads forms an integral part of any machine shop and it is intended to provide semi permanent fastening to the components of product so as to lend themselves for repairs and replacements. Though various methods of internal threading are available such as internal threading by milling, grinding or forming but internal threading by metal cutting which employs a tapping tool is indeed the mostly used for products where accuracy forms the base of evaluation. Last few decades have seen the growth of automobile industries and has resulted in development of its allied operations of which tapping is one of the crucial operation performed. The conventional tapping operation which surely involves rotating the tool and feeding past the pre drilled hole to create the contours called as internal threads and this is followed by withdrawal of tapping tool by reversing it with aid of rotational energy. The present paper attempts to design and analyze a tapping tool which will have no requirement of reversing of tool at the end of cutting operation which is essentially done by changing the design of conventional solid tap. The solid tapping tool is divided into two parts along the longitudinal axis and a mechanism is prompted to give the two parts actuation which would shrink at the end of cutting operation to be dragged out of hole without damaging the machined surface and providing the diametrical flexibility to engulf other diameters to be machined. This tapping tool with diametrical flexibility is designed in CAD tool named as CATIA V5 and efficiently analyzed by using FEA technique which is the working phenomenon for ANSYS.

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Cauffman, Stephen, Monica Blank, Philipp Borchard, and Kevin Felch. "Adaptation of a Dual-Frequency 104/140 GHz Gyrotron for Operation at 175 GHz." EPJ Web of Conferences 203 (2019): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920304004.

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A dual-frequency gyrotron capable of operation in the TE28,7 cavity interaction mode at 140 GHz, or in the TE22,5 mode at 104 GHz, has been developed for use in electron cyclotron heating in the W7-X stellarator at IPP Greifswald. The gyrotron incorporates an internal converter design that has been numerically optimized to convert either of the two operating modes into a high-quality Gaussian output beam. During short-pulse factory testing, the gyrotron produced 900 kW at 140 GHz, and 520 kW at 104 GHz. After delivery to IPP, the gyrotron was conditioned to long-pulse operation at 140 GHz, demonstrating 30-minute pulses at several power levels up to 811 kW, and producing ten consecutive ten-minute pulses at 811 kW as well. After long-pulse capabilities were demonstrated at 140 GHz, IPP requested an analysis of the feasibility of operating the gyrotron (without internal modification) in an additional mode with a frequency near 175 GHz. Several potential interaction modes were evaluated to determine the required operating parameters for excitation of these modes, and to assess the expected interaction efficiency, output power, internal diffraction losses, and output beam quality. The most promising modes appear to be the TE33,9 (173 GHz) and the TE34,9 (176 GHz), which should generate 400-500 kW of RF in a suitable magnet capable of producing the necessary 7.1 T field required for operation at these higher frequencies. Because the existing gyrotron’s internal converter was not optimized for these modes, however, internal losses are expected to be higher than usual (up to 7%), and the output beam pattern will require external phase-correction in order to produce a Gaussian beam. A feasibility analysis for such external phase correction has been performed, demonstrating that a high-quality beam can be recovered using numerically synthesized external phase-correcting mirror surfaces.

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Arpabekov, M. I., A. A. Baubek, T. B. Suleimenov, and Zh M. Kuanyshbayev. "Experimental studies of internal combustion engine in cracking-gas operation." Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series 124, no. 3 (2018): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2018-124-3-31-38.

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Arpabekov, M. I., A. A. Baubek, T. B. Suleimenov, and Zh M. Kuanyshbayev. "Experimental studies of internal combustion engine in cracking-gas operation." Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series 124, no. 3 (2018): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2018-124-3-39-45.

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ZHOU, Ping, Tian-You CHAI, and Tong-Wen CHEN. "Decoupling Internal Model Control Method for Operation of Industrial Process." Acta Automatica Sinica 35, no. 10 (November 4, 2009): 1362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1004.2009.01362.

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Jamsek, Èrt, Sojar Kosorok, Matic Buniè, and Pavle Kosorok. "Delorme’s operation for internal rectal prolapse in an outpatient hospital." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 63, no. 1 (2016): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1601111j.

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Purpose: Internal rectal prolapse frequently occurs in older, sometimes polymorbid patients. Trans-abdominal operation is therefore not always in the patient?s best interest. The aim of this retrospective study was to demonstrate that the Delorme?s procedure is feasible and safe to be performed in an outpatient setting. Methods: This study is a retrospective review of a single-institution experience. Fifty-one patients (age 64.7 ? 12.5, range 35 to 90 years) with internal rectal prolapse were treated with Delorme?s procedure during 6-year period. Patients were assessed at follow-up 1 and 6 weeks after the surgery and phone interview was performed after 51.4 ? 16.5 months after operation. Results: All 51 patients were operated under spinal anesthesia and observed for approximately 6 hours before discharge. Six patients needed referral to inpatient hospital for safety observation after the procedure. There were no mortalities in our study. One patient developed anaerobic infection and needed a colostomy. Out of 34 presenting with sensation of incomplete evacuation, 28 (82.4%) reported improvement after procedure, 13 out of 15 (86.7%) reported improvement in obstructed defecation symptoms and 4 out of 7 patients (57.1%) reported improvement in incontinence. Average sick leave was 16.0 ? 4.3 days. Seven patients suffered from postoperative stenosis. Recurrence was seen in 5 cases (9.8%). Majority of the patients (73,3%) would recommend this procedure for problems similar to their own. Conclusion: Our study shows that the Delorme?s procedure is feasible in an outpatient setting, with reasonable complications and satisfactory outcome.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Internal operation'

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