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1
Babayomi, O., and A. Balogun. "Internal Model Loss Minimization Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine." Nigerian Journal of Technology 40, no. 1 (2021): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v40i1.14.
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Electric drives are very useful in propelling the wheels of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). They also play a central function in the electric power steering (EPS). This paper describes studies carried out on the efficiency optimization of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) for application in the EPS. An analytic loss- minimization algorithm for an IPMSM was derived and the optimization problem took into consideration copper, iron and stray losses. The proposed loss minimization algorithm is simple and cost effective to implement. From the simulations carried out, significant efficiency gains are possible with this model. The internal model control (IMC) method was employed to achieve current and speed control with acceptable sensitivity to machine parameters.
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Zhang, Gan, Wenfei Yu, Wei Hua, Ruiwu Cao, Hongbo Qiu, and Aili Guo. "The Design and Optimization of an Interior, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Applied in an Electric Traction Vehicle Requiring a Low Torque Ripple." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (2019): 3634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173634.
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An internal permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) was designed for heavy-load traction vehicles applied in port transportation. Based on finite element analysis (FEA), the rotor iron core topology was optimized with the most attention paid to cogging torque and torque ripple. The influences of the iron core on the air-gap magnetic flux density, the back electro-motive-force harmonic, the cogging torque and the torque ripple were investigated. The design scheme of minimizing cogging torque and output torque ripple was obtained. Focused on the relationship between the rotor parameters and the torque ripple, the relative sensitivity factor was proposed and analyzed. Finally, the torque ripple was reduced from 14.4% to 3.84%, after further optimization of the rotor design parameters. The reliability and stability of the IPMSM were also covered. Additionally, the experimental study of the prototype was carried out to verify the FEA results.
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Song, Haiying, Dejie Duan, Yiying Yan, Xinyao Li, and Min Xie. "Fractional-Order Extremum Seeking Method for Maximum Torque per Ampere Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor." Fractal and Fractional 7, no. 12 (2023): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7120858.
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Maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control of internal permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM) has become integral to high-efficiency motor drives. To minimize the influence of the traditional model-based analytical solution method on the MTPA control strategy due to the parameter variations during the motor operation, an online search MTPA method without model-based fractional-order extremum seeking control (FO-ESC) is proposed. Compared with the traditional integer-order ESC method, the Oustaloup approximation-based fractional-order calculus provides additional factors and possibilities for optimizing controller parameters to improve control performance. At the same time, the proposed approach does not require machine parameters and is thus not influenced by machine and drive nonlinearities. Simulation results show that the proposed method can ensure robust MTPA control under different loading conditions in real-time and improve the system’s dynamic response speed and steady-state accuracy.
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Guidotti, Giacomo, Dario Barri, Federico Soresini, and Massimiliano Gobbi. "Optimal Design of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering Various Sources of Uncertainty." World Electric Vehicle Journal 16, no. 2 (2025): 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16020079.
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The automotive industry is experiencing a period of transition from traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles. Although electric machines have always been used in many applications, they are generally designed neglecting the sources of uncertainty, even such uncertainty can lead to significant deterioration of the motor performance. The aim of this paper is to compare the results obtained from the multi-objective optimization of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) using a robust approach versus a deterministic one. Unlike other studies in the literature, this research simultaneously considers different sources of uncertainty, such as geometric parameters, magnet properties, and operating temperature, to assess the variability of electric motor performance. Different designs of a 48 slot–8 pole motor are simulated with finite element analysis, then the outputs are used to train artificial neural networks that are employed to find the optimal design with different approaches. The method incorporates an innovative use of the neural network-based variance estimation (NNVE) technique to efficiently calculate the standard deviation of the objective functions. Finally, the results of the robust optimization are compared with those of the deterministic optimization. Due to the small margin of improvement in robustness, both methods lead to similar results.
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Kafi, Mohamed R., Mohamed A. Hamida, Hicham Chaoui, and Rabie Belkacemi. "Sliding Mode Self-Sensing Control of Synchronous Machine Using Super Twisting Interconnected Observers." Energies 13, no. 16 (2020): 4199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164199.
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The aim of this study is to propose a self-sensing control of internal permanent-magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) based on new high order sliding mode approaches. The high order sliding mode control will be combined with the backstepping strategy to achieve global or semi global attraction and ensure finite time convergence. The proposed control strategy should be able to reject the unmatched perturbations and reject the external perturbation. On the other hand, the super-twisting algorithm will be combined with the interconnected observer methodology to propose the multi-input–multi-output observer. This observer will be used to estimate the rotor position, the rotor speed and the stator resistance. The proposed controller and observer ensure the finite-time convergence to the desired reference and measured state, respectively. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the suggested method in the presence of parametric uncertainties and unmeasured load torque at various speed ranges.
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Cai, Shun, Meng-Jia Jin, He Hao, and Jian-Xin Shen. "Comparative study on synchronous reluctance and PM machines." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 35, no. 2 (2016): 607–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2015-0447.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to comparatively study a synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) and a permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine (PMASynRM) as alternatives of the interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM), and to investigate the performance and conclude both advantages and disadvantages. Design/methodology/approach – A unified mathematical model is established for the IPMSM, SynRM and PMASynRM. Then finite element method (FEM) is used to compare the electromagnetic performance. Permeability-frozen method is utilized to distinguish basic electromagnetic torque and reluctance torque. Findings – The PMASynRM can improve the power factor of the SynRM, overcome the drawback of the IPMSM in the high-speed flux-weakening region and is more proper to operate over a wide speed region. The SynRM is mechanically robust for lacking of the permanent magnets, and the PMASynRM can keep similar rotor stress as the SynRM by optimizing the magnets. Assembly of the SynRM is the simplest, and the economic performance of the SynRM and PMASynRM could be much better than the IPMSM which even uses ferrite magnets. Practical/implications – The SynRM can produce identical torque and efficiency compared with the IPMSM except the poor power factor. The poor power factor could be improved by adopting the PMASynRM, which is proved to be able to act as an alternative of the IPMSM for low-cost high-performance application. Originality/value – This paper provides the theoretical model of the IPMSM, SynRM and PMASynRM in a unified format. The electromagnetic, mechanical and economic performances of the three kinds of synchronous motors are compared comprehensively. Then, both the advantages and disadvantages are summarized.
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Martinez, Maria, David Reigosa, Daniel Fernandez, and Fernando Briz. "Comparative Analysis of High Frequency Signal Injection Based Torque Estimation Methods for SPMSM, IPMSM and SynRM." Energies 13, no. 3 (2020): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030592.
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Torque estimation in permanent magnet synchronous machines and synchronous reluctance machines is required in many applications. Torque produced by a permanent magnet synchronous machine depends on the permanent magnets’ flux and d q -axes inductances, whereas torque in synchronous reluctance machines depends on the d q -axes inductances. Consequently, precise knowledge of these parameters is required for proper torque estimation. The use of high frequency signal both for permanent magnets’ flux and d q -axes inductances estimation has been recently shown to be a viable option. This paper reviews the physical principles, implementation and performance of high-frequency signal injection based torque estimation for permanent magnet synchronous machines and synchronous reluctance machines.
8
Lee, Young-Geun, Tae-Kyoung Bang, Jeong-In Lee, Jong-Hyeon Woo, Sung-Tae Jo, and Jang-Young Choi. "Characteristic Analysis and Experimental Verification of Electromagnetic and Vibration/Noise Aspects of Fractional-Slot Concentrated Winding IPMSMs of e-Bike." Energies 15, no. 1 (2021): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010238.
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In this study, we performed the electromagnetic and mechanical characteristic analyses of an 8-pole 12-slot interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). Permanent magnet synchronous motors are classified into surface permanent magnet synchronous motor and interior permanent magnet synchronous motors according to the type of rotor. The IPM type is advantageous for high-speed operation because of the structure where the permanent magnet is embedded inside the rotor, and it has the advantage of having a high output density by generating not only the magnetic torque of the permanent magnet, but also the reluctance torque. However, such a motor has more vibration/noise sources than other types, owing to changes in reluctance. The sources of motor noise/vibration can be broadly classified into electromagnetic, mechanical, and aerodynamic sources. Electromagnetic noise sources are classified into electromagnetic excitation sources, torque pulsations, and unbalanced magnetic forces (UMFs). Vibration and noise cause machine malfunctions and affect the entire system. Therefore, it is important to analyze the electromagnetic vibration source. In this study, the electromagnetic characteristics of an IPMSM were analyzed through the finite element method to derive the UMF. Vibration and noise analyses were performed by electromagnetic–mechanical coupling analysis, and vibration and noise characteristics based on electromagnetic noise sources were analyzed.
9
Chen, Dan Ya, Jian Qiang Zhang, He Huang, and Yun Lu. "Control Method Research of Electrical Vehicle Used IPM Synchronous Motor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 1344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.1344.
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The salient effect of the rotor structure of the interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) makes it more suitable for running in the zone that exceeds the rated revolution by flux-weakening control. Therefore, the closed-loop speed regulation system composed by IPMSM can achieve excellent dynamic performance, high precision and wide speed performance. On the basis of the mathematical model of d / q coordinates of IPMSM, this paper discusses the control proposal of IPMSM: to control the current of d / q axis to maximize the speed range.
10
Crescent, Onyebuchi Omeje, and Ugwuoke Eya Candidus. "A comparative braking scheme in auto-electric drive systems with permanent magnet synchronous machine." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 11, no. 4 (2022): 251~263. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v11.i4.pp251-263.
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Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are gaining popularity due to renewable energy and the electrification of transportation. Permanent magnet synchronous machines are receiving interest because of their great dependability, low maintenance costs, and high-power density. This research compares surface mounted permanent magnet (SMPM) with interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines using MATLAB. Mathematical models and simulation analyses of two permanent magnet synchronous machines under regenerative braking are presented. Maximum regeneration power point (MRPP) and torque (MRPP-torque) for two machine types were simulated at variable electrical speed and q-axis current. Simulation results showed IPMSM produced more output power due to saliency than SMPM at varying speed and current with higher MRPP and MRPP-Torque. Simulation was used to compare the dynamic impacts of constant and variable braking torques on an auto-electric drive's speed and produced torque on a plain surface and a sloppy driving plane. 81.68% and 74.95% braking efficiency were measured on level ground and a sloppy plane, respectively. Simulations indicated that lithium-ion battery state of charge varied linearly with constant braking torque and exponentially with varying braking torque, reflecting efficiency values. All simulations were in MATLAB/Simulink 2014.
11
Elsherbiny, Hanaa, Laszlo Szamel, Mohamed Kamal Ahmed, and Mahmoud A. Elwany. "High Accuracy Modeling of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Using Finite Element Analysis." Mathematics 10, no. 20 (2022): 3880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10203880.
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Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) have garnered increasing interest because of their advantages such as high efficiency, high power density, wide speed range, and fast dynamics. They have been employed recently in several industrial applications including robotics and electric vehicles (EVs). However, PMSMs have highly nonlinear magnetic characteristics, especially interior PMSMs, due to the existence of reluctance torque. Nonlinearity complicates not only machine modeling but also control algorithms. An accurate machine model is the key aspect for the prediction of machine performance as well as the development of a high-performance control algorithm. Hence, this paper presents an accurate modelling method for PMSMs. The proposed model method is applicable for all PMSMs, even multiphase machines. This paper considers a fractional slot concentrated winding 12/10 interior PMSM (IPMSM) for this study to demonstrate the effect of magnetic saturation and special harmonics. The developed model considers accurately the magnetic saturation, mutual coupling, spatial harmonics, and iron loss effects. It utilizes finite element analysis (FEA) to estimate the precise magnetic characteristics of IPMSM. The finite element model is calibrated precisely using experimental measurements. The iron losses are estimated within the simulation model as d- and q-axes current components. The model accuracy is validated experimentally based on a 12/10 IPMSM prototype.
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Lee, Chung-Seong, and Hae-Joong Kim. "Harmonic Order Analysis of Cogging Torque for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering Manufacturing Disturbances." Energies 15, no. 7 (2022): 2428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072428.
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This paper is a study of unintended cogging torque for the IPMSM (Internal Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) of an EPS (Electric Power Steering) system considering manufacturing disturbances. The IPMSM has been used recently in EPS systems with high power density. However, due to the complex rotor shape of the IPMSM, considering manufacturing disturbances, it is expected to reduce the quality of IPMSM performance. Therefore, the unintended cogging torque for motor quality is also expected to increase. This paper analyzes the causes of unintended cogging torque in the IPMSM of an EPS system considering manufacturing disturbances. Based on the harmonic order analysis of measured cogging torque for the IPMSM prototypes, the causes of unintended cogging torque in the IPMSM are verified due to the manufacturing disturbances.
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Omeje, Crescent Onyebuchi, and Candidus Ugwuoke Eya. "A comparative braking scheme in auto-electric drive systems with permanent magnet synchronous machine." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 11, no. 4 (2022): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v11.i4.pp251-263.
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<span lang="EN-US">Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are gaining popularity due to renewable energy and the electrification of transportation. Permanent magnet synchronous machines are receiving interest because to their great dependability, low maintenance costs, and high-power density. This research compares surface mounted permanent magnet (SMPM) with interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines using MATLAB. Mathematical models and simulation analyses of two permanent magnet synchronous machines under regenerative braking are presented. Maximum regeneration power point (MRPP) and torque (MRPP-torque) for two machine types were simulated at variable electrical speed and q-axis current. Simulation results showed IPMSM produced more output power due to saliency than SMPM at varying speed and current with higher MRPP and MRPP-Torque. Simulation was used to compare the dynamic impacts of constant and variable braking torques on an auto-electric drive's speed and produced torque on a plain surface and a sloppy driving plane. 81.68% and 74.95% braking efficiency were measured on level ground and a sloppy plane, respectively. Simulations indicated that lithium-ion battery state of charge varied linearly with constant braking torque and exponentially with varying braking torque, reflecting efficiency values. All simulations were in MATLAB/Simulink 2014.</span>
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Dey, Tanmoy, Amit Chowdhury, Sk Alam, and Surajit Mondal. "Analysis of Six-Phase Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines for Optimal Parameter Considerations." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 7, no. 2 (2018): 139–46. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v7.i2.pp139-146.
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Understanding the merits of six-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IP-MSMs) over their three-phase counterparts, this paper analyses the six-phase machine for optimal parameter and performance considerations. Initially, a mathematical model of the six-phase IPMSM is developed employing the dq-axis theory and performance predicted by the model is verified under identical operating conditions with those using a machine designed and tested through finite element analysis (FEA). The developed and verified machine model is then employed to exclusively derive the relation between various machine parameters in order to obtain optimum flux weakening region in the six-phase IPMSM. Thereafter, the equations derived on the basis of maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control theory are analyzed to understand the effect of various parameters and variables in influencing the machine"s performance in the „constant torque" region and „constant power" region, power output capability, a ratio of reluctance torque to magnet-assisted torque with changes in the stator current vector etc. This is the contribution of this paper.
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Dey, Tanmoy, Amit Kumar Chowdhury, Sk Mehboob Alam, and Surajit Mondal. "Analysis of Six-Phase Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines for Optimal Parameter Considerations." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 7, no. 2 (2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v7.i2.pp139-146.
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Understanding the merits of six-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IP-MSMs) over their three-phase counterparts, this paper analyses the six-phase machine for optimal parameter and performance considerations. Initially, a mathematical model of the six-phase IPMSM is developed employing the dq-axis theory and performance predicted by the model is verified under identical operating conditions with those using a machine designed and tested through finite element analysis (FEA). The developed and verified machine model is then employed to exclusively derive the relation between various machine parameters in order to obtain optimum flux weakening region in the six-phase IPMSM. Thereafter, the equations derived on the basis of maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control theory are analyzed to understand the effect of various parameters and variables in influencing the machine’s performance in the ‘constant torque’ region and ‘constant power’ region, power output capability, a ratio of reluctance torque to magnet-assisted torque with changes in the stator current vector etc. This is the contribution of this paper.
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Tian, Mengmeng, Hailiang Cai, Wenliang Zhao, and Jie Ren. "Nonlinear Predictive Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Extra Current Constraint." Energies 16, no. 2 (2023): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020716.
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The interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) has been widely used in industrial applications due to its several favorable advantages. To further improve the machine performance, an improved nonlinear predictive controller for the IPMSM is proposed. In this paper, the maximum torque per ampere control law is firstly transformed to a linear function, according to the first−order Taylor expansion, and integrated with the control strategy. On this basis, an improved predictive control method is formulated by designing an optimized cost function through the input−output feedback linearization. Then the integral action is introduced to eliminate the influence of the load mutation and improve the steady−state control precision of the system. The stability of the control method is ensured by compelling the outputs to track the desired references without steady−state error. Finally, the simulation was established to verify the effective of the improved control method. Simulation results showed that the machine can reach the given reference speed without steady−state error within a short process, which means the machine has excellent dynamic and static performances. Furthermore, the machine has higher torque−to−current ratio by making full use of the reluctance torque. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the improved control strategy.
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Li, Ya, Xiping Liu, and Zhangqi Liu. "Analysis and design of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine with double-layer PMs for electric vehicles based on multi-physics fields." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 1 (2018): 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2016-0425.
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Purpose This paper aims to present an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) with double-layer PMs used for electric vehicles, of which the integrated simulation of electromagnetic field, stress field and temperature field are analyzed. Design/methodology/approach Some electromagnetic characteristics including iron loss, efficiency and flux linkage are obtained by finite element analysis. The mechanical strength of rotor at the maximum speed and the temperature rise at the rated load are calculated by three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Findings The results show that the presented IPMSM can work with sufficient mechanical strength, machine temperature rise and high efficiency during field-weakening operation. The experiments were carried out to verify the FEA, and acceptable results can be achieved. Originality/value This paper proposed a novel IPMSM with the double-layer permanent magnets, which is designed and checked by the multi-physics fields, and the high efficiency in all operational regions can be achieved for this machine.
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Liu, Chengcheng, Xiaorui Huang, Wenfeng Zhang, and Youhua Wang. "Shape optimization and demagnetization analysis of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine with hybrid cores." AIP Advances 13, no. 3 (2023): 035215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000391.
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With designing stator teeth by using grain oriented silicon sheets (GO) and other parts still with non-grain oriented silicon sheets (NGO), the electromagnetic performance of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (GO-IPMSM) can be improved greatly, however its torque ripple will be increased as well. For reducing its torque ripple, optimizing its rotor barrier shape is an effective way. In this paper, the polynomial method is proposed to establish the rotor barrier shape, and the genetic algorithm (GA) method is employed for the optimization process. In case the optimized GO-IPMSM can work normally, its anti irreversible demagnetization ability is analyzed as well. As shown, with the GO is adopted for designing the stator teeth and its rotor barrier shape is optimized, though its torque ability and efficiency have been increased, its anti irreversible demagnetization risk ability is reduced, however the proposed machine can still operate safely.
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Liu, Xiao Hong, and You Tong Zhang. "Control Strategy in the Flux Weakening Region of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Used in HEV." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1322.
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An new control strategy for interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) which is the most popular motor used in HEV is proposed and investigated, which features is increasing the reference flux weakening voltage to improve efficiency in flux weakening region . Modeling results show that the proposed strategy can achieve the same dynamic and steady state torque performance with higher reference flux weakening voltage, which means higher efficiency.
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Lee, Jae. "Stability Analysis of Deadbeat-Direct Torque and Flux Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives with Respect to Parameter Variations." Energies 11, no. 8 (2018): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082027.
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This paper presents a stability analysis and dynamic characteristics investigation of deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives with respect to machine parameter variations. Since a DB-DTFC algorithm is developed based on a machine model and parameters, stability with respect to machine parameter variations should be evaluated. Among stability evaluation methods, an eigenvalue (EV) migration is used in this paper because both the stability and dynamic characteristics of a system can be investigated through EV migration. Since an IPMSM drive system is nonlinear, EV migration cannot be directly applied. Therefore, operating point models of DB-DTFC and CVC (current vector control) IPMSM drives are derived to obtain linearized models and to implement EV migration in this paper. Along with DB-DTFC, current vector control (CVC), one of the widely used control algorithms for motor drives, is applied and evaluated at the same operating conditions for performance comparison. For practical analysis, the US06 supplemental federal test procedure (SFTP), one of the dynamic automotive driving cycles, is transformed into torque and speed trajectories and the trajectories are used to investigate the EV migration of DB-DTFC and CVC IPMSM drives. In this paper, the stability and dynamic characteristics of DB-DTFC and CVC IPMSM drives are compared and evaluated through EV migrations with respect to machine parameter variations in simulation and experiment.
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Prakht, Vladimir, Vladimir Dmitrievskii, Vadim Kazakbaev, and Ekaterina Andriushchenko. "Comparison of Flux-Switching and Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Direct-Driven Wind Applications Based on Nelder–Mead Optimal Designing." Mathematics 9, no. 7 (2021): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9070732.
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The permanent magnet flux-switching machine (PMFSM) is one of the most promising machines with magnets inserted into the stator. To determine in which applications the use of PMFSM is promising, it is essential to compare the PMFSM with machines of other types. This study provides a theoretical comparison of the PMFSM with a conventional interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) in the gearless generator of a low-power wind turbine (332 rpm, 51.4 Nm). To provide a fair comparison, both machines are optimized using the Nelder–Mead algorithm. The minimized optimization objectives are the required power of frequency converter, cost of active materials, torque ripple and losses of a generator averaged over the working profile of the wind turbine. In order to reduce the computational time, the substituting profile method is applied. Based on the results of the calculations, the advantages and disadvantages of the considered machines were revealed: the IPMSM has significantly lower losses and higher efficiency than the PMFSM, and the PMFSM requires much less rare-earth magnets and copper and is, therefore, cheaper in mass production.
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Huang, Anxue, Zhongxian Chen, and Juanjuan Wang. "Research on the dq-Axis Current Reaction Time of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 7 (2023): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14070196.
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An interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is a kind of drive motor with high power density that is suitable for electric vehicles. In this paper, the dq-axis current reaction time of IPMSM was investigated in order to improve the reaction time of the electric vehicle. Firstly, the mathematical model of the current-loop decoupling of IPMSM was presented. Secondly, the controller design of dq-axis current-loop decoupling of IPMSM was investigated by the methods of proportional integral (PI) and internal model control PI (IMC-PI). Thirdly, based on the methods of PI and IMC-PI, the influence of the inverter switching frequency on the dq-axis current reaction time of IPMSM was analyzed and simulated, and it was found that the inverter switching frequency only had a significant influence on the parameters set of the PI controller. Lastly, compared with the PI method, the results of the simulation and hardware experiment demonstrate that the dq-axis current reaction time of IPMSM was improved by the IMC-PI method, and the IMC-PI method had the advantage of simple parameters setting and was not influenced by the inverter switching frequency.
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Lin, Faa-Jeng, Yi-Hung Liao, Jyun-Ru Lin, and Wei-Ting Lin. "Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive System with Machine Learning-Based Maximum Torque per Ampere and Flux-Weakening Control." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020346.
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An interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive system with machine learning-based maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) as well as flux-weakening (FW) control was developed and is presented in this study. Since the control performance of IPMSM varies significantly due to the temperature variation and magnetic saturation, a machine learning-based MTPA control using a Petri probabilistic fuzzy neural network with an asymmetric membership function (PPFNN-AMF) was developed. First, the d-axis current command, which can achieve the MTPA control of the IPMSM, is derived. Then, the difference value of the dq-axis inductance of the IPMSM is obtained by the PPFNN-AMF and substituted into the d-axis current command of the MTPA to alleviate the saturation effect in the constant torque region. Moreover, a voltage control loop, which can limit the inverter output voltage to the maximum output voltage of the inverter at high-speed, is designed for the FW control in the constant power region. In addition, an adaptive complementary sliding mode (ACSM) speed controller is developed to improve the transient response of the speed control. Finally, some experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed high-performance control strategies.
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Lin, Faa-Jeng, Yi-Hung Liao, Jyun-Ru Lin, and Wei-Ting Lin. "Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive System with Machine Learning-Based Maximum Torque per Ampere and Flux-Weakening Control." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020346.
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An interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive system with machine learning-based maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) as well as flux-weakening (FW) control was developed and is presented in this study. Since the control performance of IPMSM varies significantly due to the temperature variation and magnetic saturation, a machine learning-based MTPA control using a Petri probabilistic fuzzy neural network with an asymmetric membership function (PPFNN-AMF) was developed. First, the d-axis current command, which can achieve the MTPA control of the IPMSM, is derived. Then, the difference value of the dq-axis inductance of the IPMSM is obtained by the PPFNN-AMF and substituted into the d-axis current command of the MTPA to alleviate the saturation effect in the constant torque region. Moreover, a voltage control loop, which can limit the inverter output voltage to the maximum output voltage of the inverter at high-speed, is designed for the FW control in the constant power region. In addition, an adaptive complementary sliding mode (ACSM) speed controller is developed to improve the transient response of the speed control. Finally, some experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed high-performance control strategies.
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Guo, Song, Xiangdong Su, and Hang Zhao. "Optimal Design of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle Applications Using a Machine Learning-Based Surrogate Model." Energies 17, no. 16 (2024): 3864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17163864.
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This paper presents an innovative design for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), targeting enhanced performance for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The proposed motor features a double V-shaped rotor structure with irregular ferrite magnets embedded in the slots between the permanent magnets. This design significantly enhances torque performance. Furthermore, a machine learning-based surrogate model is developed by integrating fine and coarse mesh data. Optimized using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), this surrogate model effectively reduces computational time compared to traditional finite element analysis (FEA).
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Stumpf, Peter, and Tamás Tóth-Katona. "Recent Achievements in the Control of Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives: A Comprehensive Overview of the State of the Art." Energies 16, no. 13 (2023): 5103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16135103.
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Interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) are widely used as traction motors in electric drive-trains because of their high torque-per-ampere characteristics and potential for wide field-weakening operations to expand the constant-power range. This paper offers a categorization and a comprehensive overview of the control techniques applied to IPMSM drivesin addition to presenting the necessary theoretical background. The basic concept, features and limitations, as well as the latest developments of the strategies, are summarized in the paper. This overview helps to lay the theoretical basis as well as to clarify the opportunities, challenges and future trends for controlling IPMSM drives for traction applications.
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Vučković, Mladen, Vladimir Popović, Dejan Jerkan, et al. "Nonlinear Magnetic Model of IPMSM Based on the Frozen Permeability Technique Utilized in Improved MTPA Control." Electronics 13, no. 4 (2024): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13040673.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, the enhanced nonlinear magnetic model of the low voltage interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) is developed using the frozen permeability (FP) technique in finite element analysis (FEA) FEMM 4.2 software. The magnetic model is derived by obtaining flux saturation maps for a wide range of dq stator currents. Furthermore, the FEA FP technique accounts for the corresponding offset in the flux maps due to the excitation of the permanent magnets, and well as for fitting the coefficients for the curve-fitting procedure. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed magnetic model, a nonlinear control strategy based on the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) optimal algorithm for IPMSM is employed. The magnetic model and the MTPA control strategy are validated through a variety of computer simulations based on FEMM 4.2 and MATLAB R2023a software, as well as on a real IPMSM electric vehicle (EV) traction drive experimental setup.
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DING, XIAOFENG, and CHRIS MI. "MODELING OF EDDY CURRENT LOSS AND TEMPERATURE OF THE MAGNETS IN PERMANENT MAGNET MACHINES." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 07 (2011): 1287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661100789x.
Full textAbstract:
The eddy current loss in the magnets of permanent magnet (PM) motors in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and plug-in HEV is usually not taken into consideration in traditional motor design and analysis. However, due to the high conductivity of the rare-earth magnet, neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB), and slot/tooth harmonics, there is eddy current loss generated inside the magnets. This loss may not attribute very much to the efficiency of the motor, but the temperature-rise inside the magnets caused by this loss can lead to the unpredictable deterioration of the magnets, such as the degradation of performance and potential demagnetization. In addition, the output voltage of pulse-width-modulated (PWM) inverter contains abundant high frequency harmonics, which induce excessive loss in the magnets. The excessive heat in PM motor induced by the eddy current loss combined with other losses can degrade the performance of the machine. This paper presents the modeling and analysis of eddy current loss in surface-mounted-magnets PM synchronous motors (SPMSM) and interior-magnets PM synchronous motors (IPMSM), operated by PWM inverter supply. Analytical methods are implemented, in conjunction with time-stepped finite-element analysis (FEA) for the calculation of eddy current loss in the magnet. Based on the calculated losses in the machines, simplified analytical models are developed as thermal circuits with network of interconnected nodes, thermal resistances and heat sources representing the heat processes within the SPMSM and IPMSM, to predict the temperature of the magnets. The predicted machine temperatures are found to be consistent with the experimental measurement.
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Tola, O. J., E. S. Obe, and L. U. Anih. "Performance analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with dual stator windings." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 20, no. 3 (2023): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1472.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the modelling and performance analysis of a line-start three-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with dual stator windings. The machine has two sets of windings, main and auxiliary windings. The main winding is connected to the supply while the auxiliary is connected to a balanced capacitor. The dynamic model equations are derived in the d-q rotor reference frame using the concept of winding function theory. The machine input impedance was construed from the steady-state equations, where the effects of capacitance on the performance of the motor were studied. An improved torque was obtained when a suitable capacitance was connected to the auxiliary winding. A point of good performance was established by enhancing its direct axis reactance and the quadrature axis reactance which depend on the size of the capacitor. It is shown that thenew configuration has better performance characteristics when compared with those of the traditional configuration in terms of output power, torque density and efficiency.
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Hanaa, Elsherbiny, Kamal Ahmed Mohamed, and A. Elwany Mahmoud. "Online efficiency optimization of IPMSM for electric vehicles." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 3 (2021): 1369–78. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1369-1378.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an online efficiency optimization method for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive system in an electric vehicle (EV). The proposed method considers accurately the total system losses including fundamental copper and iron losses, harmonic copper and iron losses, magnet loss, and inverter losses. Therefore, it has the capability to always guarantee maximum efficiency control. A highly trusted machine model is built using finite element analysis (FEA). This model considers accurately the magnetic saturation, spatial harmonics, and iron loss effect. The overall system efficiency is estimated online based on the accurate determination of system loss, and then the optimum current angle is defined online for the maximum efficiency per ampere (MEPA) control. A series of results is conducted to show the effectiveness and fidelity of proposed method. The results show the superior performance of proposed method over the conventional offline efficiency optimization methods.
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Aggarwal, Anmol, and Elias G. Strangas. "Review of Detection Methods of Static Eccentricity for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine." Energies 12, no. 21 (2019): 4105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214105.
Full textAbstract:
This paper compares the detection methods of static eccentricity in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (IPMSM). Four methods are discussed: The first method uses shift in the voltages in d–q plane to detect fault. The second method uses shift in peak of the incremental inductance curve for fault detection. The third method uses the combined information of harmonics present both in current and voltage to detect the fault. This makes the detection robust with respect to current controller bandwidth. Finally, the fourth method used for detection includes measuring vibrations using accelerometers. It is shown that all four methods detected static eccentricity. These methods are compared on the basis of utility of fault detection under online or offline conditions and under saturated conditions. For all four methods the machine was tested at healthy, 25% and 50% static eccentricity levels. Two-dimensional (2-D) Finite element analysis was used for simulating machine under healthy and faulty cases. The experiments were performed by controlling the machine using Labview Real-time.
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Kumar, Piyush, Omar Bottesi, Sandro Calligaro, Luigi Alberti, and Roberto Petrella. "Self-Adaptive High-Frequency Injection Based Sensorless Control for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives." Energies 12, no. 19 (2019): 3645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193645.
Full textAbstract:
An auto-tuning and self-adaptation procedure for High Frequency Injection (HFI) based position and speed estimation algorithms in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) drives is proposed in this paper. Analytical developments show that, using conventional approaches, the dynamics of the high-frequency tracking loop varies with differential inductances, which in turn depend on the machine operating point. On-line estimation and adaptation of the small signal gain of the loop is proposed here, allowing accurate auto-tuning of the sensorless control scheme which does not rely on a priori knowledge of the machine parameters. On-line adaptation of Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) gains and of the injected voltage magnitude is also possible, leading to important advantages from the performance, loss and acoustic point of view. The theoretical basis of the method has been introduced first and the main concept demonstrated by means of simulations. Implementation has been carried out using the hardware of a commercial industrial drive and two Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, namely a prototype and an off-the-shelf machine. Experimental tests demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposal.
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Wang, Jing, and Yubin Wang. "Electromagnetic Torque Analysis and Structure Optimization of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Air-Gap Eccentricity." Energies 16, no. 4 (2023): 1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041665.
Full textAbstract:
Interior permanent magnet synchronous machine with air-gap eccentricity (AGE-IPMSM) has the advantages of low torque ripple and low noise. However, air-gap eccentricity will lower the power density of the machine to a certain extent. In this paper, an 18-slot/8-pole interior permanent magnet synchronous machine with air-gap eccentricity is taken as the research object. According to the magnetic circuit method, the no-load and load air-gap magnetic field analytical models are calculated, respectively. Then, by Maxwell’s tensor method, the variation law of radial and tangential air-gap magnetic density harmonic amplitudes and phase angle difference cosine values are analyzed, and it is concluded that the electromagnetic torque can be improved by increasing phase angle difference cosine values of the magnetic density harmonic, which produces the driving torque after eccentricity. On this basis, in order to improve the output characteristics of the machine, the eccentricity and the angle between the V-type permanent magnets are optimized with the total harmonic distortion (THD), electromagnetic torque, and torque ripple as the optimization goals, and then the optimal structure size parameters of the machine are finally determined. Finally, a prototype is manufactured on the basis of the optimal parameters, and the experimental results of the prototype verify the validity and correctness of the theoretical analysis and finite element analysis (FEA).
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Elsherbiny, Hanaa, Mohamed Kamal Ahmed, and Mahmoud A. Elwany. "Online efficiency optimization of IPMSM for electric vehicles." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 3 (2021): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1369-1378.
Full textAbstract:
<span>This paper presents an online efficiency optimization method for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive system in an electric vehicle (EV). The proposed method considers accurately the total system losses including fundamental copper and iron losses, harmonic copper and iron losses, magnet loss, and inverter losses. Therefore, it has the capability to always guarantee maximum efficiency control. A highly trusted machine model is built using finite element analysis (FEA). This model considers accurately the magnetic saturation, spatial harmonics, and iron loss effect. The overall system efficiency is estimated online based on the accurate determination of system loss, and then the optimum current angle is defined online for the maximum efficiency per ampere (MEPA) control. A series of results is conducted to show the effectiveness and fidelity of proposed method. The results show the superior performance of proposed method over the conventional offline efficiency optimization methods.</span>
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Elsherbiny, Hanaa, Mohamed Kamal Ahmed, and Mahmoud Elwany. "Comparative Evaluation for Torque Control Strategies of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicles." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 65, no. 3 (2021): 244–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.16672.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a detailed analysis and comparative investigation for the torque control techniques of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for electric vehicles (EVs). The study involves the field-oriented control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC), and model predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) techniques. The control aims to achieve vehicle requirements that involve maximum torque per ampere (MTPA), minimum torque ripples, maximum efficiency, fast dynamics, and wide speed range. The MTPA is achieved by the direct calculation of reference flux-linkage as a function of commanded torque. The calculation of reference flux-linkage is done online by the solution of a quartic equation. Therefore, it is a more practical solution compared to look-up table methods that depend on machine parameters and require extensive offline calculations in advance. For realistic results, the IPMSM model is built considering iron losses. Besides, the IGBTs and diodes losses (conduction and switching losses) in power inverter are modeled and calculated to estimate properly total system efficiency. In addition, a bidirectional dc-dc boost converter is connected to the battery to improve the overall drive performance and achieve higher efficiency values. Also, instead of the conventional PI controller which suffers from parameter variation, the control scheme includes an adaptive fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to provide better speed tracking performance. It also provides a better robustness against disturbance and uncertainties. Finally, a series of simulation results with detailed analysis are executed for a 60 kW IPMSM. The electric vehicle (EV) parameters are equivalent to Nissan Leaf 2018 electric car.
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Hao, Ke Peng, and Hong Mei Li. "Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control of IPMSM System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 658–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.658.
Full textAbstract:
The integrated mathematical model of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) system is set up suitable for healthy state, open-circuit fault state and fault-tolerant state in this paper. An on-line open-circuit fault diagnosis method is proposed, the fault-tolerant structure is set to connect the fault phase to the middle of DC link, considering that DC link voltage is not balanced, therefore, an optimized adaptive space vector pulse width SVPWM of four-switch three-phase inverters (FSTPI) under DC-link voltage ripple condition is presented to achieve the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control and flux weakening control of the IPMSM system under the fault-tolerant state. Based on the abovementioned research, system simulations are implemented and simulation results are given.
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Caballero, Damian, Borja Prieto, Gurutz Artetxe, Ibon Elosegui, and Miguel Martinez-Iturralde. "Node Mapping Criterion for Highly Saturated Interior PMSMs Using Magnetic Reluctance Network." Energies 11, no. 9 (2018): 2294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092294.
Full textAbstract:
Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) are high torque density machines that usually work under heavy load conditions, becoming magnetically saturated. To obtain properly their performance, this paper presents a node mapping criterion that ensure accurate results when calculating the performance of a highly saturated IPMSM via a novel magnetic reluctance network approach. For this purpose, a Magnetic Circuit Model (MCM) with variable discretization levels for the different geometrical domains is developed. The proposed MCM caters to V-shaped IPMSMs with variable magnet depth and angle between magnets. Its structure allows static and dynamic time stepping simulations to be performed by taking into account complex phenomena such as magnetic saturation, cross-coupling saturation effect and stator slotting effect. The results of the proposed model are compared to those obtained by Finite Element Method (FEM) for a number of IPMSMs obtaining excellent results. Finally, its accuracy is validated comparing the calculated performance with experimental results on a real prototype.
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Mohd, Fairoz Omar, Sulaiman E., Z. Ahmad M., A. Rani J., and CV Aravind. "Preliminary Study of a New Topology Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Motor for Electric Buses." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 2 (2018): 446–55. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i2.pp446-455.
Full textAbstract:
Electric buses (EBs) as public transit that have been introduced in modern countries recently are an alternative effort to reduce climate change and environmental impacts of fossil fuels. One example of the successfully developed motor for EBs is interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with merits of heat dissipating, high torque per frame size and reliability influence by absence of brushes. However, the three-phase armature windings are wounded in the form of distributed windings, results in much copper loss, high coil end length and reduced the efficiency. The embedded rectangular magnets inside the rotor make rotor less robust, increased rotor weight and reduced the torque and power density. The present IPMSM has a complex structure which is relatively difficult to manufacture and tough in optimization process. The 7.0 kg volume of PM used in IPMSM is very high, which increases the cost of the machine. Therefore, a new topology of permanent magnet flux switching motor using wedge-shaped PM and single stator structure with the advantages of simple stator design, robust rotor structure, high of torque and power, and high efficiency is proposed. The design, flux linkage, back-emf, cogging torque, average torque, speed, and power of this new topology are investigated by JMAG-Designer version 14.1 via a 2D-FEA. The initial design of proposed motor produces torque and power of 905.9 Nm and 57.75 kW, respectively.
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Asef, Pedram, Ramon Bargallo, Andrew Lapthorn, Davide Tavernini, Lingyun Shao, and Aldo Sorniotti. "Assessment of the Energy Consumption and Drivability Performance of an IPMSM-Driven Electric Vehicle Using Different Buried Magnet Arrangements." Energies 14, no. 5 (2021): 1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051418.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the influence of the buried magnet arrangement on the efficiency and drivability performance provided by an on-board interior permanent magnet synchronous machine for a four-wheel-drive electric car with two single-speed on-board powertrains. The relevant motor characteristics, including flux-linkage, inductance, electromagnetic torque, iron loss, total loss, and efficiency, are analyzed for a set of six permanent magnet configurations suitable for the specific machine, which is controlled through maximum-torque-per-ampere and maximum-torque-per-voltage strategies. Moreover, the impact of each magnet arrangement is analyzed in connection with the energy consumption along four driving cycles, as well as the longitudinal acceleration and gradeability performance of the considered vehicle. The simulation results identify the most promising rotor solutions, and show that: (i) the appropriate selection of the rotor configuration is especially important for the driving cycles with substantial high-speed sections; (ii) the magnet arrangement has a major impact on the maximum motor torque below the base speed, and thus on the longitudinal acceleration and gradeability performance; and (iii) the configurations that excel in energy efficiency are among the worst in terms of drivability, and vice versa, i.e., at the vehicle level, the rotor arrangement selection is a trade-off between energy efficiency and longitudinal vehicle dynamics.
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Park, Jong-Woon, Min-Mo Koo, Hyun-Uk Seo, and Dong-Kuk Lim. "Optimizing the Design of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicles with a Hybrid ABC-SVM Algorithm." Energies 16, no. 13 (2023): 5087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16135087.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the optimal design of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for electric vehicles (EVs), utilizing the hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm–support vector machine (HAS) algorithm. The performance of the drive motor is a crucial determinant of the overall vehicle performance, particularly in EVs that rely solely on a motor for propulsion. In this context, interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) offer a compelling choice due to their high torque density, wide speed range, superior efficiency, and robustness. However, accurate analysis of the nonlinear characteristics of IPMSMs necessitates finite element analysis, which can be time-consuming. Therefore, research into methods for deriving an optimal model with minimal computation is of significant importance. The HAS is a powerful multimodal optimization technique that is capable of exploring several optimal solutions. It enhances the navigation capability by combining the artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) with the kernel support vector machine (KSVM). Specifically, the algorithm improves the search ability by optimizing the movement of bees in each region generated by the KSVM. Furthermore, hybridization with the Nelder–Mead method ensures accurate and quick convergence at pointers discovered in the ABC. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, this study compared its performance with a conventional algorithm in two mathematical test functions, verifying its remarkable performance. Finally, the HAS algorithm was applied to the optimal design of the IPMSM for EVs. Overall, this paper provides a thorough investigation of the application of the HAS algorithm to the design of IPMSMs for electric vehicles, and its application is expected to benefit from the combination of machine-learning techniques with various other optimization algorithms.
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Rasid, Mohd Azri Hizami, and M. Shahril Anwar. "Evaluation of direct-quadrature position and saturation of a SynRM machine with Segmented Rotor." MEKATRONIKA 4, no. 2 (2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/mekatronika.v4i2.8555.
Full textAbstract:
The synchronous reluctance machine has gained popularity in traction and other smaller application thanks to its design that need very little or even no permanent magnet. Without internal permanent magnet assistance, an adequate level of torque density could be achieved by having an optimized rotor design to attain the optimum ratio of direct inductance over quadrature inductance. In order to properly control the machine, the direct and quadrature position need to be identified. In this study, a segmented rotor topology without permanent magnet was chosen. We evaluate the direct and quadrature position of the rotor topology, its saturation level and provide the flux linkage and the inductances of the machine.
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Dianov, Anton, and Alecksey Anuchin. "Adaptive Maximum Torque per Ampere Control of Sensorless Permanent Magnet Motor Drives." Energies 13, no. 19 (2020): 5071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195071.
Full textAbstract:
Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) efficiency can be improved by using maximum torque per ampere control (MTPA). MTPA control utilizes both alignment and reluctance torques and usually requires information about the magnetization map of the electrical machine. This paper proposes an adaptive MTPA algorithm for sensorless control systems of IPMSM drives, which is applicable in industrial and commercial drives. This algorithm enhances conventional control schemes, where the output of the speed controller is the commanded stator current and the direct current is calculated using an MTPA equation; therefore, it can be easily implemented in the previously developed drives. The proposed algorithm does not use any motor parameters for the calculation of the MTPA trajectory, which is important for systems operating in changing environmental conditions, because motor inductances and flux linkage strongly depend on the stator current and the rotor temperature, respectively. The proposed algorithm continuously varies the current phase and in such a way it tries to minimize the magnitude of the stator current at the applied load torque. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a technique to overcome the main disadvantage of seeking algorithms–the necessity of a precision information about the rotor position. The proposed method was verified experimentally.
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Xu, Xuefeng, Bingyi Zhang, and Jiacheng Wu. "Research on Synergistic Reduction of Cogging Torque and Ripple Torque of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Magnetic Field Harmonic Offset Method." Electronics 12, no. 16 (2023): 3499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12163499.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a method for reducing the cogging torque and ripple torque of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) based on the magnetic field harmonic offset method. This method establishes the internal correlation between cogging torque harmonics and ripple torque harmonics. The suppression or cancellation of magnetic field harmonics in the rotor pole is utilized as transmission link to simultaneously weaken or eliminate lower order harmonics of cogging torque and ripple torque, which can improve operating quality of the IPMSM and obtain an acceptable total average torque. A mathematical and physical model of harmonic offset method for cogging torque is established, the distribution characteristics of permeability harmonics and field harmonics that affect cogging torque are analyzed, the analytical expression for the electromagnetic torque of the IPMSM including reluctance torque is derived, and the collaborative suppression mechanism of cogging torque and ripple torque, as well as common solutions, are studied. Finally, the suppression law of cogging torque and operating ripple torque is verified by the finite element simulation, and the compromise selection principle of permanent magnetic pole is summarized. Due to the absence of the average torque of motor in the offset method, the effects of effective pole arc of the combined rotor on the torque ripple and torque-speed characteristic curve of the IPMSM are compared and evaluated.
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Moradian, Mohammadreza, Jafar Soltani, Mohamed Benbouzid, and Abbas Najjar-Khodabakhsh. "A Parameter Independent Stator Current Space-Vector Reference Frame-Based Sensorless IPMSM Drive Using Sliding Mode Control." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092365.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a sliding mode control is presented for direct torque and stator flux control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor in a rotor speed sensorless drive system. The control scheme is developed in a specific synchronous rotating reference frame (X-Y) in which the stator current space vector coincides with the direct (X) axis. For this control technique no need to have any knowledge of machine parameters such as stator two-axis inductances, rotor permanent magnets flux linkage, and even the rotor initial position. However, the on-line actual stator resistance value is required to estimate the stator flux components in the stator stationary two-axis reference frame. In this control strategy, two simple methods are described for estimating the rotor speed and stator resistance. Some simulation and experimental results are presented to support the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
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Shchur, Ihor, Yurii Biletskyi, and Bohdan Kopchak. "Efficiency Analysis and Optimization of Two-Speed-Region Operation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Taking into Account Iron Loss Based on Linear Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics." Machines 12, no. 11 (2024): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines12110826.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, the linear non-equilibrium thermodynamic approach is used to mathematically describe the energy regularities of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), taking into account iron loss. The IPMSM is considered a linear power converter (PC) that is multiple-linearized at operating points with a given angular velocity and load torque. A universal description of such a PC by a system of dimensionless parameters and characteristics made it possible to analyze the perfection of energy conversion in the object. For IPMSM, taking into account iron loss, a mathematical model of the corresponding PC has been built, and an algorithm and research program have been developed, which is valid in a wide range of machine speed regulations. This allows you to choose the optimal points of PC operation according to the maximum efficiency criteria and obtain the efficiency maps for IPMSM in different speed regions. The results of the studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for determining the references of the d and q components of the armature current for both the loss-minimization strategy at the constant torque range of motor speed and the flux-weakening strategy in the constant power range.
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Sun, Tianfu, Jiabin Wang, Antonio Griffo, and Bhaskar Sen. "Active Thermal Management for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) Drives Based on Model Predictive Control." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 54, no. 5 (2018): 4506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2018.2843350.
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Zakaria, Siti Nur Umira, and Erwan Sulaiman. "Optimization of 6S-14P E-Core Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor for Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.770.
Full textAbstract:
Research on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) which combined battery based electric motor and conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) have been intensively increased since the last decade due to their promising solution that can reduce global warming. Some examples of electric motors designed for HEV propulsion system at present are dc motor, induction motor (IM), interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) and switched reluctance motor (SRM). Although IPMSMs are considered to be one of the successful electric motor used in HEVs, several limitations such as distributed armature windings, un-control permanent magnet (PM) flux and higher rotor mechanical stress should be resolved. In this paper, design improvement of E-Core hybrid excitation flux switching motor (HEFSM) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) applications are presented. With concentrated armature and field excitation coil (FEC) windings, variable flux capability and robust rotor structure, performances of initial and improved 6S-14PE-Core HEFSM are analyzed. The improved topology has achieved highest torque and power of 246.557Nm and 187.302 kW, respectively.
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Omar, M. F., E. Sulaiman, M. Z. Ahmad, J. A. Rani, and Aravind CV. "Preliminary Study of a New Topology Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Motor for Electric Buses." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 2 (2018): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i2.pp446-455.
Full textAbstract:
<table width="593" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="387"><p>Electric buses (EBs) as public transit that have been introduced in modern countries recently are an alternative effort to reduce climate change and environmental impacts of fossil fuels. One example of the successfully developed motor for EBs is interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with merits of heat dissipating, high torque per frame size and reliability influence by absence of brushes. However, the three-phase armature windings are wounded in the form of distributed windings, results in much copper loss, high coil end length and reduced the efficiency. The embedded rectangular magnets inside the rotor make rotor less robust, increased rotor weight and reduced the torque and power density. The present IPMSM has a complex structure which is relatively difficult to manufacture and tough in optimization process. The 7.0 kg volume of PM used in IPMSM is very high, which increases the cost of the machine. Therefore, a new topology of permanent magnet flux switching motor using wedge-shaped PM and single stator structure with the advantages of simple stator design, robust rotor structure, high of torque and power, and high efficiency is proposed. The design, flux linkage, back-emf, cogging torque, average torque, speed, and power of this new topology are investigated by JMAG-Designer version 14.1 via a 2D-FEA. The initial design of proposed motor produces torque and power of 905.9 Nm and 57.75 kW, respectively.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>
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Saha, Sankhadip, and Urmila Kar. "Single current sensor based fault tolerant control of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine for drive applications." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 2 (2022): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i2.pp674-685.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an integrated method for current sensor fault detection and fault tolerant control (FTC) for traction interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The proposed current sensor fault detection method is based on detecting changes in the d-q axis current. The FTC is based on d-q axis current estimation from the reference d-q axis current and the phase current measured by the surviving current sensor. The current estimation process is independent of machine parameters. Hence the estimation is robust and requires less computational cost. The effectiveness of the FTC method is verified by the transient analysis. Such FTC is suitable for electric vehicle traction applications to ensure non-stop control operation of the drive in the entire range of speed. The efficacy of the proposed FTC method is tested through extensive simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The real-time applicability of the proposed FTC method using the cost-effective digital signal processor (DSP) is verified on Texas Instruments© TMSF28379D through the processor in loop (PIL) simulation model.
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Saha, Sankhadip, and Urmila Kar. "Single current sensor based fault tolerant control of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine for drive applications." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 2 (2022): 674–85. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i2.pp674-685.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an integrated method for current sensor fault detection and fault tolerant control (FTC) for traction interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The proposed current sensor fault detection method is based on detecting changes in the d-q axis current. The FTC is based on d-q axis current estimation from the reference d-q axis current and the phase current measured by the surviving current sensor. The current estimation process is independent of machine parameters. Hence the estimation is robust and requires less computational cost. The effectiveness of the FTC method is verified by the transient analysis. Such FTC is suitable for electric vehicle traction applications to ensure non-stop control operation of the drive in the entire range of speed. The efficacy of the proposed FTC method is tested through extensive simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The real-time applicability of the proposed FTC method using the cost-effective digital signal processor (DSP) is verified on Texas Instruments© TMSF28379D through the processor in loop (PIL) simulation model.