Academic literature on the topic 'Internal quality systems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Internal quality systems"
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Kutsenko, O. I., V. D. Yakovenko, and Ye O. Yakovenko. "EVALUATION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS." Scientific Notes of Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, no. 3(19) (2020): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51707/2618-0529-2020-19-07.
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The article defines the essence of the concepts “assessment” and “internal audit” of the quality assurance system, the requirements of international ISO standards for the formation of an internal system for evaluating the effectiveness of management systems are analyzed, highlights the main aspects of the formation of the program and plan of internal audit, the competence of auditors, proposes a method of expert assessment in the quality management system of educational institutions in the context of a real educational process, proposes automated information and analytical management system. The authors noted that the effectiveness of the conducted internal audit (hereinafter IA) depends on an effective audit program, the competence of auditors and further improvement actions. The purpose, criteria and methods of the audit program are also determined, the example of the “Program of internal audit of structural units of the college” is given. The requirements for auditors were selected and substantiated. Attention is drawn to the fact that the functioning of the quality management system (hereinafter QMS) directly depends on the systematic nature and effectiveness of the IA and, as a consequence, the systematic improvement of the system itself. The proposed system of expert assessment of QMS is considered on the example of the management of the professional pre-higher education institution of the separate structural subdivision “Kherson Polytechnic College of the Odessa National Polytechnic University”. The basic requirements for the formation of a group of experts are defined, also for obtaining a quality forecast the requirements for the competence of experts are defined. The authors of the article concluded that obtaining a general assessment of all processes and identifying the most problematic aspects without automated management is very difficult, so it is proposed to use the suggested system of expert assessment of QMS.
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Alenezi, Mamdouh. "Internal Quality Evolution of Open-Source Software Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125690.
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The evolution of software is necessary for the success of software systems. Studying the evolution of software and understanding it is a vocal topic of study in software engineering. One of the primary concepts of software evolution is that the internal quality of a software system declines when it evolves. In this paper, the method of evolution of the internal quality of object-oriented open-source software systems has been examined by applying a software metric approach. More specifically, we analyze how software systems evolve over versions regarding size and the relationship between size and different internal quality metrics. The results and observations of this research include: (i) there is a significant difference between different systems concerning the LOC variable (ii) there is a significant correlation between all pairwise comparisons of internal quality metrics, and (iii) the effect of complexity and inheritance on the LOC was positive and significant, while the effect of Coupling and Cohesion was not significant.
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Wulandari, Dewa Ayu Putri, and Made Dona Wahyu Aristana. "Analysis Evaluation Management Information System Audit Internal Quality." Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics 5, no. 1 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jeei.2021.v05.i01.p02.
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Information systems are very important in this globalization era. Information systems generally can be used as a reference for decision making or to monitor the progress of an activity process. In high education, information systems are no less important than information systems within the company. Higher education is an institution that uses information systems to monitor work systems to improve quality. Higher Education Institute STMIK STIKOM Indonesia has implemented an internal quality assurance system (SPMI). An example of its application is by carrying out an internal quality audit (AMI). To ensure the quality of the application meets the standards and needs of the user, it can be done by performing software testing based on the ISO 25010 standard.
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Kinns, Helen, Sarah Pitkin, David Housley, and Danielle B. Freedman. "Internal quality control: best practice." Journal of Clinical Pathology 66, no. 12 (2013): 1027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201661.
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There is a wide variation in laboratory practice with regard to implementation and review of internal quality control (IQC). A poor approach can lead to a spectrum of scenarios from validation of incorrect patient results to over investigation of falsely rejected analytical runs. This article will provide a practical approach for the routine clinical biochemistry laboratory to introduce an efficient quality control system that will optimise error detection and reduce the rate of false rejection. Each stage of the IQC system is considered, from selection of IQC material to selection of IQC rules, and finally the appropriate action to follow when a rejection signal has been obtained. The main objective of IQC is to ensure day-to-day consistency of an analytical process and thus help to determine whether patient results are reliable enough to be released. The required quality and assay performance varies between analytes as does the definition of a clinically significant error. Unfortunately many laboratories currently decide what is clinically significant at the troubleshooting stage. Assay-specific IQC systems will reduce the number of inappropriate sample-run rejections compared with the blanket use of one IQC rule. In practice, only three or four different IQC rules are required for the whole of the routine biochemistry repertoire as assays are assigned into groups based on performance. The tools to categorise performance and assign IQC rules based on that performance are presented. Although significant investment of time and education is required prior to implementation, laboratories have shown that such systems achieve considerable reductions in cost and labour.
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Thaer, Abutaber, Mohammad Al Ameri, Mustafa Saeed Alathamneh, et al. "The mediating effect of information technology on the cost of internal control systems and enhancing confidence in quality relationship on accounting information quality." International Journal of Data and Network Science 7, no. 3 (2023): 1085–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.5.015.
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This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of information technology on the relationship between internal control system's costs and enhancing confidence in the quality of accounting information in banks working in Jordan. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers designed a 56-items questionnaire and 200 versions of this questionnaire were distributed on a random sample from the study population represented by all employees of the internal control departments in banks operating in Jordan, and 152 questionnaires were retrieved, and 4 questionnaires were excluded because they were not valid for analysis so, the valid questionnaires for analysis were 148 questionnaires. Effect was assessed using the Multiple Regression Analysis and after the appropriate statistical treatment, the study concluded with a group of results the most important among which that there was a mediating effect of information technology on the relationship between internal control system's costs and increasing confidence in accounting information in banks working in Jordan in terms of internal control environment costs, internal control activities' costs, internal risk assessment's costs, internal monitoring and follow-up costs, information and internal communication costs among banks working in Jordan that use internal control systems. In light of the results revealed, the researchers recommended the need for implementing internal control systems within certain cost limits in banks because of their significant role in increasing confidence in accounting information through the aforementioned variables.
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Lebedynets, Viacheslav, and Tetiana Karamavrova. "THE INTERNAL AUDITORS OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY SYSTEMS COMPETENCE IMPROVING." EUREKA: Health Sciences, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001625.
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The importance of internal audits for the pharmaceutical company, which is indicated in the guidelines for good practices in pharmacy (in particular, GMP, GDP).
 The issue of selection, training, grading, certification and continuous improvement of the auditor’s competence at pharmaceutical companies are relevant and important both for domestic ones, and for foreign enterprises.
 The aim of the study was to determine the competence of the pharmacy quality system internal auditors’ and the areas of its development.
 Materials and methods. The object of the study was the competence of internal auditors of pharmaceutical quality systems. Empirical and theoretical research methods were used, in particular the method of comparative analysis of scientific literature in the field of research, the method of structural and logical modeling. The information basis was the provisions of regulations and materials published in the open professional scientific literature.
 Results. The competence of quality management system auditors in general and pharmaceutical quality system in particular consists of personal qualities, professional knowledge and skills. The ISO 19011 standard highlights the importance of evaluating and continuous development of auditors’ competence. Such an assessment should take into account the needs of the audit program and its objectives. Areas of development of auditors' competence should be determined by the specifics of industry activities. This provision of the standard should be considered relevant for pharmaceutical companies.
 Conclusions. We studied the requirements for the competence of QMS internal auditors of international and industry standards. A review of the regulatory framework showed a lack of information on the chosen area of the research. Defined requirements for the competence of the PQM audits staff assists the selection of specialists to the audit team so that the overall competence of the audit team is sufficient to achieve the objectives of the audit.
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Nicolaï, B. M., K. Beullens, E. Bobelyn, et al. "SYSTEMS TO CHARACTERISE INTERNAL QUALITY OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 712 (June 2006): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.712.4.
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Lebedynets, Viacheslav, and Tetiana Karamavrova. "THE INTERNAL AUDITORS OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY SYSTEMS COMPETENCE IMPROVING." EUREKA: Health Sciences, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 94–100. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001625.
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The importance of internal audits for the pharmaceutical company, which is indicated in the guidelines for good practices in pharmacy (in particular, GMP, GDP). The issue of selection, training, grading, certification and continuous improvement of the auditor's competence at pharmaceutical companies are relevant and important both for domestic ones, and for foreign enterprises. The aim of the study was to determine the competence of the pharmacy quality system internal auditors' and the areas of its development. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the competence of internal auditors of pharmaceutical quality systems. Empirical and theoretical research methods were used, in particular the method of comparative analysis of scientific literature in the field of research, the method of structural and logical modeling. The information basis was the provisions of regulations and materials published in the open professional scientific literature. Results. The competence of quality management system auditors in general and pharmaceutical quality system in particular consists of personal qualities, professional knowledge and skills. The ISO 19011 standard highlights the importance of evaluating and continuous development of auditors' competence. Such an assessment should take into account the needs of the audit program and its objectives. Areas of development of auditors' competence should be determined by the specifics of industry activities. This provision of the standard should be considered relevant for pharmaceutical companies. Conclusions. We studied the requirements for the competence of QMS internal auditors of international and industry standards. A review of the regulatory framework showed a lack of information on the chosen area of the research. Defined requirements for the competence of the PQM audits staff assists the selection of specialists to the audit team so that the overall competence of the audit team is sufficient to achieve the objectives of the audit.
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Stojčić, Mirjana Đukić, Lidija Perić, and Sava Spiridonović. "Quality of Table Eggs from Different Production Systems." Contemporary Agriculture 72, no. 1-2 (2022): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2023-0006.
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Summary The production system is one of the most significant factors influencing internal and external egg quality. Due to concerns for the welfare of laying hens, and on the basis of Council Directive 1999/74/EC, EU countries banned conventional cages, so it is necessary to determine the influence of alternative systems on the external and internal quality traits of table eggs. Consumers believe that organic eggs are healthier than eggs from the conventional production systems. In addition, consumer awareness of the welfare of laying hens has been raised in the last few decades. This research aimed to determine the quality of table eggs from the cage, free-range and organic systems that are present on the Serbian market. External and internal quality traits were examined for 30 eggs taken from the market from the cage, organic and free-range systems. The value of Haugh units was 77.16 for organic eggs, 66.01 for conventional cages, and 62.01 for free-range system. The results showed that eggs from the organic system had significantly higher egg weight, shape index, albumen height, and Haugh units (p≤0.05) compared to cage and free-range eggs. Eggs from the free-range system had the highest number of meat and blood spots (2.25), while it was the lowest in eggs from the cage system (0.40). Eggs from organic production and conventional cages showed better results in internal and external egg quality. Shell quality traits, yolk color, and yolk pH were not affected by the production system.
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Rika Liftiana and Nur Maulana Iqbal. "Pengaruh Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Pelaksanaan Sistem Pengendalian Inter Pada PT. Avia Avian." Dharma Ekonomi 31, no. 1 (2024): 263–71. https://doi.org/10.59725/de.v31i1.223.
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This study aims to analyze the influence of human resource (HR) quality on the implementation of internal control systems at PT. Avia Avian. The background of this study is based on the importance of the role of quality HR in supporting the effectiveness of the implementation of internal control systems in companies. An effective internal control system is essential to maintain integrity, efficiency, and compliance with applicable regulations. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze how HR quality can affect the implementation of internal control systems in companies. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach using a survey of employees in various departments of PT. Avia Avian. The data obtained were analyzed using regression techniques to examine the relationship between HR quality variables and internal control systems. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant influence between HR quality and the implementation of internal control systems, where the better the quality of HR, the more effective the implementation of internal control systems. The implication of this study is that companies need to pay attention to improving HR quality as a strategic step to strengthen the existing internal control system, which in turn can improve the company's performance and compliance with established standards.Additionally, this research shows that continuous training and employee competency development can strengthen HR quality, which in turn contributes to the effectiveness of the internal control system. Companies that invest in improving HR quality will not only benefit in terms of compliance with regulations but also in enhancing operational efficiency and risk management. Therefore, it is crucial for the management of PT. Avia Avian to continue focusing on HR development to ensure the smooth implementation of internal control systems in accordance with applicable standards. This research contributes to the literature on risk management and internal control by highlighting the crucial role of HR quality in the success of internal control systems.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Internal quality systems"
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Raposo, Luís Miguel Matias. "Contributos para a revisão do Programa da Qualidade da Universidade de Évora (PROQUAL)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14670.
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O processo de Bolonha obrigou a uma aposta na qualidade do ensino superior, para garantir o nível
de exigência entre os cursos e também pela exigência de maior competitividade. A nível nacional, a
Agência para a Avaliação e Acreditação seguiu as recomendações europeias e definiu referenciais
para um sistema interno de qualidade. A Universidade de Évora, com o objetivo de se adaptar a estes
referenciais e para melhorar o seu Programa da Qualidade, encetou uma revisão ao sistema interno
da qualidade. Este trabalho procura dar alguns contributos na melhoria dos processos mais
relevantes para a garantia da qualidade. Como resultados apresenta-se um conjunto de processos
modelados e são testados vários critérios de gestão, que permitem automatizar os pontos de decisão
nos processos.
No futuro há que proceder à melhoria contínua dos processos e aprofundar a gestão por processos,
para além de continuar a implementar o Programa da Qualidade, tornando-o cada vez mais
integrado com a governação da Universidade; ABSTRACT: The Bologna process led to a commitment to quality in higher education, to ensure the level of
requirements among the programs and also by the need of greater competitiveness. In our country,
the Agency for Assessment and Accreditation followed European recommendations and set a
benchmark for internal quality system. The University of Évora, in order to adapt to these
benchmarks and to improve its Quality Program, undertook a review of its quality internal system.
This work attempts to give some contributions for processes improvement more relevant to quality
assurance. As a result, it is presented a set of modelled processes and tested several management
criteria, which allow to automate gateways in the process.
In the future it must proceed the continuous processes improvement and extend processes
management, as well as continuing to implement the quality program, making it more integrated
with the governance of the University.
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Flores, Mavil Marco Antonio. "The internal quality assurance as an instrument for the integration and improving of higher education: Analysis of best practices in the European Union and Latin America." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129473.
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L'objectiu d'aquest treball és identificar els determinants que influeixen en la implementació i desenvolupament de sistemes d'assegurament de la qualitat en les institucions d'educació superior (IES) i comparar diferents regions amb canvis similars. En un escenari així, és necessari comprendre els processos que han portat a l'actual política educativa així com al canvi de visió que han experimentat al llarg del temps en la comunitat europea (CE). En aquest ordre d'idees, l'educació superior en particular i l'educació en general han passat a ocupar el centre de les preocupacions a la gran majoria del món.
El treball aquí presentat es divideix en sis capítols. El primer explora els antecedents i les dinàmiques iniciades en les IES europees en termes dels processos de canvi i reforma que van enfrontar abans, durant i després d'un dels principals acords intergovernamentals anomenat; procés de Bologna. Així mateix es plantegen els objectius i les preguntes de recerca que guien l'estructura d'aquest treball.
El capítol 2 comença amb una anàlisi de la literatura sobre els diferents conceptes i visions de qualitat, particularment en l'àmbit de l'educació superior. En els capítols 3 i 4 s'estableix una estratègia de recerca empírica en dues fases; un estudi de casos múltiple i un estudi de casos en profunditat, respectivament. En el tercer s'analitzen les definicions sobre tres dels principals conceptes utilitzats en aquest estudi: qualitat (Westerheijden 2010), assegurament de la qualitat (Vlǎsceanu et al. 2007) i sistema intern d'assegurament de la qualitat [SIAQ] (Cheng 2003). Així mateix s'explora la forma en què els SIAQ s'implementen i desenvolupen. El quart capítol comença amb una primera aproximació cap a un marc conceptual que permet veure el tema de la qualitat com un domini de polítiques a partir de la proposta de *Perellon (2007). Aquest capítol conclou preguntant sobre l'efectivitat dels SIAQ i intenta comparar processos d'implementació paral·lels entre universitats en termes de possibles convergències o divergències. En tots dos apartats es descriu el procés i els criteris utilitzats per a la selecció dels casos.
En el capítol 5 es presenta una discussió dels resultats de la recerca empírica i s'intenta contestar a les preguntes de recerca 2, 3 i 4. Finalment, en el capítol 6 es resumeix i exposen alguns punts per a futures línies de recerca.<br>The aim of this work is to identify the main factors which influence in the implementation and development of Quality Assurance Systems in higher education institutions (HEIs), and compare different regions with similar changes. In such scenary, it becomes a necessary task try to understand the processes that have led to the current education policy as well as the changes in the vision which the European Community (EC) has had on higher education over time. In this vein, higher education and education in general have moved from a marginal location towards the center of the concerns in almost all over the world.
So far, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) do not work in a vacuum, but they are an important part of today's knowledge society. Through out a multiple case studies and two indepth case studies (Qualitative Methodology), was analyzed the way in which different internal quality assurance systems (IQAS) have been implemented and developed in six universities, [three from the Euroepan Union (EU) and three from Latin America (LA)]. From the observation of these cases in the field of quality assurance in higher education, we propose the use of some categories that provide an overview of the quality assurance as a policy domain within which policies are formulated.
Derived from literature review were identified three big lines of work related with quality assurance issues in higher education; historical analysis; theoretical approaches, and political change. The latter has served as guideline to guide our work within the quality assurance in HEIs, particularly in reference to recurrent practices to evaluate the quality of some of the HEIs activities and the structures associated with these practices (Vlǎsceanu et al. 2007).
In this proposal we follow a comparative approach to the political process, the outputs and outcomes of policies that facilitate discovering empirical relationships between variables, particularly in the field of public policies. Far to find answers, the results take us to consider some questions about possible patterns or guidelines associated to processes like the Bologna's for instance and compared with the Latin-American situation.
This assignment speaks of quality assurance as a tool for the integration and improvement of higher education, also considers the quality assurance within the policy domain, as well as its different forms of implementation resulting from a national policy or transnational and whose impact is reflected in the actions taken by the HEI’s. Even though is not a prescriptive framework, the EFQM excellence model perspective, allows to identifying the basic elements which compose the structure of QA system which is based on the application of the principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) towards educational institutions. Whatever the origin of these new activities, no doubt the normative framework derived from the Bologna Declaration has set some trends of accreditation in Europe. It is clear that, in one way or another, this has influenced the development of varied quality assurance outlines in Latin America, as is demonstrated by the development of the QA actions identified on presented cases.
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Grooms, Heather R. "Team Adaptation and Mindful Boundary Management: The Dynamics of Internal and External Balancing." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1433187796.
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Yxhammar, Beatrice. "Kommunikationsverktyg och dess påverkan på den interna kommunikationen inom en organisation : Ett förbättringsarbete på Briab - Brand & Riskingenjörerna AB." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387818.
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Globaliseringens och digitaliseringens framväxt har givit upphov till att människor har fått större tillgång till information. I syfte att underlätta hanteringen av massinformation kan bland annat tekniska hjälpmedel användas. Inom organisationer används bland annat tekniska kommunikationsverktyg för att underlätta informationsspridningen inom verksamheten. Fungerar inte kommunikationsverktygen i enlighet med sitt syfte och verksamhetens kommunikationsbehov kan de istället försvåra kommunikationen inom verksamheten. Vid en förstudie som har genomförts på företaget Briab har det visat sig att medarbetare upplevt att de interna kommunikationsverktygen inte fungerat tillräckligt väl för att underlätta företagets interna kommunikation. Utifrån resultatet av förstudien har denna studien har genomförts i syfte att ta fram förbättringsåtgärder för de interna kommunikationsverktygen på Briab. Förhoppningen var att effekterna av förbättrade interna kommunikationsverktyg även skulle bidra till att förbättra företagets interna kommunikation. Studien avgränsades till att undersöka de fyra centrala interna kommunikationsverktygen på Briab: intranätet, Briab Studio, Microsoft Teams och Microsoft Outlook. För att uppnå syftet med studien har en enkätundersökning genomförts på hela företaget. Resultatet av enkätundersökningen kartlade medarbetarnas kommunikationsbehov samt hur de deras upplevelse av respektive kommunikationsverktyg. Resultatet har visat att respondenterna upplever brister hos alla verktyg, men främst hos intranätet och Briab Studio. Respondenterna har bland annat beskrivit att det finns allt för mycket information som inte är uppdateras, att information inte har förmedlats på ett tillfredställande sätt och att det saknats kunskap för hur man ska använda vissa kommunikationsverktyg. Utifrån enkätsvaren har en analys genomförts genom släktskapsdiagram, där svaren kategoriserades och kartlade vilka två huvudproblem som respektive kommunikationsverktyg hade. I syfte att ta fram effektiva åtgärder har grundorsakerna för huvudproblemen hos kommunikationsverktygen kartlagts genom en workshop tillsammans med representanter från företaget. Grundorsakerna var bland annat bristande informationsägandeskap, kategorisering av information och riktlinjer för internkommunikation. Problemen hos de interna kommunikationsverktygen gav upphov till att bristande delaktighet hos Briabs medarbetare, informationsöverflöd resulterade i att medarbetare missade viktig information och bristande riktlinjer gjorde att medarbetare använde kommunikationsverktygen på olika sätt. Utifrån grundproblemen, teorier och medarbetarnas förslag på lösningar, har en åtgärdsplan tagits fram. Genom åtgärdsplanen uppnådde studien sitt syfte att ta fram förbättringsåtgärder för de interna kommunikationsverktygen. Briab har rekommenderats att vidare implementera åtgärderna och följa upp dess effekter för att förbättra de verktygen och förhoppningsvis den interna kommunikationen på företaget.<br>The globalization and digitalisation have made information more avalible. In order to handle a huge amount of information, technical tools may be used. Within organizations, technical tools are at times used to facilitate dissemination of information. However, if the technical tools are not functioning for its purpose, the tool might insted aggravate the dissemination of information. A pilot study, accomplished at a company named Briab, showed that employeed felt unsatisfied with the technical communication-tools used within the company. Based on the result from the pilot study, this study has been done with the purpose to chart actions of impovements for the internal communcation-tools at Briab. The prospect of improved internal communication-tools was to contribute to improvement of the internal communication as a hole. The study was delimited to the four central communication-tools within Briab; the intranet, Briab Studio, Microsoft Teams and Microsoft Outlook. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a survey was preformed upon the hole company. The result of the survey identified the needs for internal communication and the oponions regarding the internal communication-tools. The survey result showed that the respondents experianced defects regarding all of the internal communication-tools, yet mostly regarding the intranet and Briab Studio. The respondents did, among other, describe that to much information were not updated, that information were not mediated in a satisfying way and that the company lacked knowledge for how to communicate internally. Based on the results from the survey, analysis were done by the means of affinity diagrams, where the answers were categorised and the two main problems, of the respective communication-tools, were charted. In order to provide effective actions of improvements, the main causes of the problems were identified through a workshop together with representatives of the company. The main causes were identified as a lack of information-ownership, categorisation of information and guidelines for internal communication, among others. The problems with the internal communicaiton-tools generated in a lack of concern within the employees at Briab, overload of information resulted in employees missing out on important information and the lack of guidelines for internal communication opened to employees using the communication-tools in various ways. Based on the main problems, theories and the employees suggestion of improvement, an action plan of improvements was made. Through the action plan, the purpose of the study was achieved by charting actions of improvements for the internal communication-tools. Briab has been recomended to implement and follow up on the effect of the actions, in order to improve the communication-tools and hopefully improve the interal communication within the company.
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Lehto, L. (Liisa). "Interactive two-step training and management strategy for improvement of the quality of point-of-care testing by nurses:implementation of the strategy in blood glucose measurement." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526206707.
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Abstract Point-of-care testing (POCT) is defined as laboratory tests performed outside the traditional clinical laboratory close to the patient at the time and place where care is received, such as hospitals and healthcare centers. The main reason for the use of POCT is that they provide rapid results and enable prompt interventions, with hopefully improved patient outcomes. All phases of laboratory procedure are included in POCT offering many opportunities for errors, which can influence on patients’ treatment. The measurements are more often performed by nurses than by laboratory professionals. These nurses have different kinds of professional backgrounds, e.g. public health nurses, registered and practical nurses, with minimal or no knowledge of laboratory procedures. The aim of the study was to develop a two-step training and management strategy for nurses to do POCT in hospital and primary healthcare center. In accordance with the strategy, with reasonable investment of laboratory resources, designated contact nurses were first trained in POCT by laboratory professionals, after which the contact nurses trained other nurses in POCT their respective units. Blood glucose, the most common point-of-care (POC) test, was chosen as an example to investigate the influence of training on the quality of the test performed by nurses. The quality of blood glucose measurements was studied by analyzing the control results obtained by nurses and biomedical laboratory scientists (BLSs). The study participants included nurses who were either untrained or trained to do POCT by using the developed interactive two-step training strategy. In conclusion, the nurses trained by using interactive two-step strategy achieved near-similar quality of blood glucose measurements as BLSs. The good quality of glucose measurements, once achieved by training, was also sustained in the long-term<br>Tiivistelmä Määritelmän mukaan vieritutkimuksiksi kutsutaan laboratoriotutkimuksia, joita tehdään perinteisen laboratorion ulkopuolella, tarvittaessa lähellä potilasta sairaalassa ja perusterveydenhuollon alueella. Pääasiassa vieritutkimuksia tehdään silloin kun tulos halutaan saada nopeasti ennen hoitopäätöstä tai tulevaa toimenpidettä. Vieritutkimusten tekeminen sisältää kaikki laboratoriotyön vaiheet ja jokaisessa vaiheessa on mahdollisuus tehdä virheitä, jotka voivat vaikuttaa potilaiden hoitoon. Laboratorioammattilaisten sijaan määrityksiä tekevät yhä useammin hoitajat sairaalan eri yksiköissä ja perusterveydenhuollon alueella. Näillä hoitajilla on erilainen ammatillinen peruskoulutus, kuten perushoitajan tai sairaanhoitajan koulutus, ja heillä on vähän tai ei ollenkaan tietoa laboratoriomenetelmistä. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kehittää hoitajien vieritutkimustoimintaan koulutus- ja hallintomalli, joka toimisi sekä sairaalassa että terveyskeskuksessa. Strategian perusteena oli käyttää suhteellisen vähän laboratorioresursseja ja päästä silti hyvään laadulliseen lopputulokseen. Strategiaksi valittiin kaksiportainen, vuorovaikutteinen koulutusmalli, jossa laboratorioammattilaiset kouluttivat sairaalan ja perusterveydenhuollon yksiköissä ns. yhdyshenkilöt, jotka puolestaan kouluttivat edelleen oman yksikkönsä muut hoitajat tekemään vieritutkimuksia. Veren glukoosimääritys, joka on yleisin vieritutkimus, valittiin esimerkkitutkimukseksi tutkittaessa koulutuksen vaikutusta hoitajien tekemien vieritutkimusten laatuun. Veren glukoosimääritysten laatutasoa tutkittiin analysoimalla hoitajien ja laboratoriohoitajien tekemien kontrollinäytteiden tuloksia. Tutkimukseen osallistui hoitajia, jotka oli koulutettu kehitetyllä vuorovaikutteisella kaksiportaisella koulutusstrategialla vieritutkimusten tekemiseen, sekä hoitajia, jotka eivät olleet saaneet vastaavaa koulutusta. Koulutusmallin avulla hoitajien suorittamien vieritutkimusten laatu parani ja he saavuttivat lähes saman laatutason kuin laboratoriohoitajat. Hyvä, kerran saavutettu glukoosimääritysten laatutaso säilyi myös pitkällä aikajaksolla
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Homanen, Malin, and Therese Karlsson. "Kunskapsskillnaderna mellan IT och Redovisning och dess påverkan på redovisningsdatakvalitet : en kvalitativ studie på ett av de största bemanningsföretagen i Sverige och i världen." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38932.
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Det oundvikliga beroendet av digitalisering och IT-system i dagens verksamheter och organisationer ställer krav på dagens arbetskraft att öka sina IT-kunskaper för att kunna integrera och kommunicera med nya datasystem för en mer effektiv verksamhet. Inte minst lika viktigt blir det för redovisningsekonomer som sköter verksamhetens finansiella redovisning då de måste kunna säkerställa att den redovisningsdata som framställs och levereras med hjälp av IT är felfri och uppnår kvalitet. Bristen på kunskap inom IT kan riskera att fel i redovisningsdata inte upptäcks och därmed påverkar redovisningsdatakvalitet. Detta i sin tur riskerar påverka redovisningskvalitet i den slutliga finansiella rapporteringen. Kommunikationen mellan avdelningarna riskerar också bli lidande då de med olika kunskaper har svårt att förstå varandra.Studiens syfte är att försöka bidra med kunskap om hur kunskapsskillnader i digital gundkunskap kan påverka säkerställandet av redovisningsdatakvalitet samt ge insyn i hur arbetet med detta kan gå till i praktiken. Med hjälp av tidigare forskning togs en analysmodell fram som illustrerar identifierade faktorers påverkansordning av redovisningsdatakvalitet; kunskapsskillnader → intern kontroll → redovisningsdatakvalitet.Studien tillämpar en instrumentell fallstudiedesign med en kvalitativ forskningsansats för att besvara frågeställningen. Två fokusgruppsintervjuer utfördes vid två olika tillfällen med respondenter från redovisningsavdelningen och IT-avdelningen från samma företag. Data transkriberades och kodades med hjälp av färgkodning för att tydliggöra de faktorer som utgör utgångspunkten i analysmodellen. En enkätundersökning genomfördes på resterande anställda på respektive avdelning för att komplettera resultaten från intervjuerna.Resultatet av studien visade att kunskapsskillnaderna har liten eller ingen alls direkt påverkan på redovisningsdatakvalitet utan snarare påverkar den interna kontrollen desto mer utifrån externa faktorer som tillkom.<br>The inevitable dependence on digitization and IT systems in today's operations and organizations demands the current workforce to increase their IT skills in order to be able to integrate and communicate with new computer systems for a more efficient business. It is equally important for financial accountants who’s responsible for the business’s financial reporting, since they must be able to ensure that the accounting data produced and delivered using IT is correct and of high quality. The lack of IT skills can increase the risk of errors in accounting data not detected and thus further affect the accounting data quality. This in turn risks affecting the accounting quality in the final financial reporting. The communication between the departments could also suffer due to the knowledge gaps between them that could make it difficult to understand each other.The aim of the study is to contribute with knowledge about how the differences in knowledge can affect the work in ensuring accounting data quality and give insight into how this work can be realized in practice. With the help of previous research, an analysis model was developed that illustrates identified factors and their influence on accounting data quality; knowledge gaps → internal control → accounting data quality.The study applies an instrumental case study with a qualitative research approach. Two focus group interviews were conducted on two different occasions with respondents from the accounting department and the IT department, both from the same company. Data was transcribed and coded using color coding to clarify the factors that form the basis of the analysis model. A survey was conducted with the other employees to complement and confirm the results found from the interviews.The result of the study showed that the differences in knowledge have little or no direct impact on accounting data quality, but rather affect the internal control, based on external factors that came into light during the analysis of the result. A revised analysis model was developed based on the result and replaced the initial hypothetical model.
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Aniche, Mauricio Finavaro. "Como a prática de TDD influencia o projeto de classes em sistemas orientados a objetos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-31072012-181230/.
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Desenvolvimento Guiado por Testes (TDD) e uma das praticas sugeridas na Programacao Extrema. A mecanica da pratica e simples: o programador escreve o teste antes de escrever o codigo. E, portanto, possivel inferir que a pratica de TDD e uma pratica de testes de software. Entretanto, muitos autores de livros conhecidos pela industria e academia afirmam que os efeitos da pratica vao alem. Segundo eles, TDD ajuda o desenvolvedor durante o processo de criacao do projeto classes, fazendo-os criar classes menos acopladas e mais coesas. Entretanto, grande parte dos trabalhos da literatura sao voltados a descobrir se a pratica faz diferenca na qualidade do codigo gerado, mas poucos sao os autores que discutem como a pratica realmente auxilia. Mesmo os proprios praticantes nao entendem ou conseguem expressar bem como a pratica os guia. Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender melhor os efeitos de TDD e como sua pratica influencia o desenvolvedor durante o processo de projeto de sistemas orientados a objetos. Para entende-las, neste trabalho optamos por um estudo exploratorio essencialmente qualitativo, no qual participantes foram convidados a resolver exercicios pre-preparados utilizando TDD e, a partir dos dados colhidos nessa primeira parte, nos levantamos detalhes sobre como a pratica influenciou as decisoes de projeto de classes dos participantes por meio de entrevistas. Ao final, observamos que a pratica de TDD pode guiar o desenvolvedor durante o processo de criacao do projeto de classes por meio de constantes feedbacks sobre a qualidade do projeto. Esses feedbacks alertam desenvolvedores sobre possiveis problemas, como alto acoplamento ou baixa coesao. Os desenvolvedores, por sua vez, devem interpretar e melhorar o projeto de classes. Este trabalho catalogou e nomeou os padroes de feedback percebidos pelos participantes.<br>Test-Driven Development (TDD) is one of the suggested practices in Extreme Programming (XP). The mechanical is simple: the developer writes a test before writing the implementation. Thus, TDD is often seen as a software testing technique. However, many famous book authors suggest that TDD can help developers during the class design creation process, enabling developers to create less coupled highly cohesive classes. Most of the academic studies are interested on finding the difference between a TDDd and a non-TDDd code. Only a few of them discuss how the practice really supports class design. Even practitioners do not understand how the practice guides them. This work aims to understand better the effects of TDD and how the practice influences the practitioner during the class design process in object-oriented systems. To better understand them, we did a essencially qualitative explorative study, in which participants were invited to solve a set of pre-prepared exercises using TDD and, based on the gathered data, we retrieved details of how the practice influenced the developers class design decisions through interviews. At the end, we observed that the practice of TDD can guide developers during the class design creation process through constant feedback about its quality. These feedbacks alert developers about possible problems, such as high coupling or low cohesion. Developers then should interpret and improve the class design accordingly. This study also catalogues the TDD feedback patterns perceived by the participants.
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Sagha, Hossein. "Development of innovative robust stability enhancement algorithms for distribution systems containing distributed generators." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/91052/1/Hossein_Sagha_Thesis.pdf.
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This project was a step forward in improving the voltage profile of traditional low voltage distribution networks with high photovoltaic generation or high peak demand. As a practical and economical solution, the developed methods use a Dynamic Voltage Restorer or DVR, which is a series voltage compensator, for continuous and communication-less power quality enhancement. The placement of DVR in the network is optimised in order to minimise its power rating and cost. In addition, new approaches were developed for grid synchronisation and control of DVR which are integrated with the voltage quality improvement algorithm for stable operation.
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Tubalado, Dario M. "Internal quality audit program in the aerospace industry." Thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523482.
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<p>Internal quality auditing (IQA) in the aerospace defense industry is not optional. Under Part 46 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) all businesses providing product and services to the U.S. government are required to comply with their contract's quality requirements. The amount of compliance audits organizations receive are directly proportional to the number of government related contracts they possess. Therefore, most organizations are forced to focus IQAs on compliance to survive. The release of AS9100 international aerospace standards in 1999 was pivotal in eliminating these multiple audit requirements that plague the industry. However, the focus on IQA for compliance has remained rooted within the IQA system. Audit experts claim that recent updates included on AS9100 Rev C would change IQA's focus from auditing for compliance to auditing for effectiveness and performance. </p>
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Stricker, Karin E. "Design and development of an internal quality audit system for AWC." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007strickerk.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Internal quality systems"
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Lampe, James C. Developing productivity in quality measurement systems for internal auditing departments. Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation, 1994.
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Kinney, William R. Information quality assurance and internal control for management decision making. Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 2000.
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Pitt, Leyland F. Service quality in an information systems department: Assessing the internal gaps. Henley Management College, 1995.
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United States. Internal Revenue Service. Information Systems Development. ISD quality measures handbook. Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, 1991.
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Tankou, Christopher Mubeteneh. The interactions of human mobility and farming systems on biodiversity and soil quality in the western highlands of Cameroon. Langaa Rpcig, 2014.
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United States. Small Business Administration, ed. Quality improvement through the computerized internal control review (CICR) system. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Program Analysis and Review, 1989.
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Bunov, Egor. Social efficiency of internal affairs bodies. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1243771.
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The monograph contains a theoretical analysis of the social effectiveness of the internal affairs bodies as the degree of satisfaction of the population with the quality of law enforcement activities to protect their interests, rights and freedoms. The results of a multidimensional analysis of empirical studies of the influence of macro - and microsocial factors on the effectiveness of interaction between the population and law enforcement agencies are presented. The article substantiates the criteria for social assessment of the activities of the internal affairs bodies, the use of which allows for practical adjustment of the forms and methods of the management system.
 For a wide range of readers interested in the practice of applying legal measures of law enforcement.
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United States. Internal Revenue Service, ed. TDQAS: Training Development Quality Assurance System : clients, managers, developers. Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, 1989.
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Biersack, Ernst. Data Traffic Monitoring and Analysis: From Measurement, Classification, and Anomaly Detection to Quality of Experience. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
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Murashko, Mikhail, Igor Ivanov, and Nadezhda Knyazyuk. THE BASICS OF MEDICAL CARE QUALITY AND SAFETY PROVISION. Advertising and Information Agency "Standards and quality», 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35400/978-5-600-02711-4.
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SUMMARY
 
 Current monograph represents and reviews key approaches to creating an effective internal quality and safety control system for an organization, based on patient-oriented approach, process approach, risk management, continuous process improvement and other methods including definition of all applied terms, a number of examples and step by step manuals on executing key measures and events to create and develop a quality control system and local documentation samples.
 Target audience for this monograph: hospital leadership, including CMO, deputy CMO on quality, head of quality control committee or designated quality control specialist, other medical workers.
 
 ABOUT «THE BASICS OF MEDICAL CARE QUALITY AND SAFETY PROVISION»
 All changes and reforms in healthcare should provide for medical care quality improvement, preservation of life and health of all citizens. Once an abstract word “quality” has its’ own specific meaning today, acquired by means of legislative validation of the term “medical care quality and safety”. Providing healthcare quality and safety is one of the key priorities within the confines of Russian Federation national policy for citizens’ health protection. 
 Current issue represents actual knowledge and practical experience in terms of medical care quality and safety control, continuous medical organization efficiency improvement. Current issue addresses the matters of theoretical and practical aspects of introducing management and internal quality and safety control system in medical care. It also contains the methodological description of Proposals (practical recommendations) of Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Healthcare, developed based on global experience generalization, adapted to Russian specificity, aimed at quality and safety provision. Current issue represents a large number of samples, examples, templates and check-list tables. Data, accumulated in the monograph, allows the reader create a proper system of measures in a medical organization to comply with the order № 381-н of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation «On approving Requirements towards organizing and executing medical care internal quality and safety control». 
 
 TARGET AUDIENCE
 Current issue is intended for a wide range of readers, interested in management: for healthcare organization leaders, CMOs and deputy CMOs, deputy CMOs on quality, quality control committee leaders or designated quality control specialists, physicians, nurses, medical academicians and students, and all specialists, interested in medical organizations’ stable development and improvement.
Book chapters on the topic "Internal quality systems"
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Bolton, Andrew. "Internal quality audit." In Quality Management Systems for the Food Industry. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6091-3_10.
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Bolton, Andrew. "Internal quality audit." In Quality Management Systems for the Food Industry. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2189-1_10.
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Thuraisingham, Bhavani, and Eric Hughes. "Data Quality: Developments and Directions." In Integrity, Internal Control and Security in Information Systems. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35583-2_6.
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Gertz, Michael. "Managing Data Quality and Integrity in Federated Databases." In Integrity and Internal Control in Information Systems. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35396-8_11.
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Wang, Jing, and Chunhui You. "R&D Investment, Internal Audit Quality and Enterprise Performance." In Advances in Intelligent Systems Research. Atlantis Press International BV, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-742-7_34.
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Yan, Xingwei, Liyao Ma, Shuhui Bi, and Tao Shen. "Application of DS Evidence Theory in Apple’s Internal Quality Classification." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8462-6_63.
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Jin, Mingxiao, and Yanhua Zhou. "Internal Quality Control and Evaluation Method of Food Microorganism Detection." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2568-1_117.
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Azzali, Stefano, and Tatiana Mazza. "Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Quality and Information Technology Control Frameworks." In Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35761-9_3.
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Rabaiah, Husni Ibrahim Asad, Mustafa Mohd Hanefah, Rosnia Masruki, and Nurul Nazlia Jamil. "Review of the Public Sector Organizations’ Environment: Accounting and Internal Control Systems, and Audit Quality." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08084-5_4.
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Kozlov, Denis, Jussi Koskinen, Markku Sakkinen, and Jouni Markkula. "An Exploratory Empirical Study of Internal Quality Attributes of Open Source Software Systems." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3558-7_63.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Internal quality systems"
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Al-Borno, Amal, Mick Brown, Talal Nabhani, Nasser Behlani, Ahmed Al-Harthy, and Johnson Barry. "Selection and Testing of Internal Pipeline Liquid Epoxy Coating Systems." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01144.
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Abstract Many projects in Oman that require internal Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) coating have resulted in delay due to shortage of FBE applicators. 100% solid liquid epoxy coatings could be a possible alternative with equivalent or better protective and anti-corrosion performance than FBE and with the advantage of easier application techniques. However, it was noted that there was no open literature available to address the performance qualification, applicator qualification and the quality control aspects of internally applied liquid epoxy coatings as pipeline corrosion protection systems. This paper discusses the performance evaluation of liquid epoxy novolac coating systems to ensure that the performance of these internal pipeline coatings will be equivalent to FBE or even better. Discussion includes details of laboratory test results of five selected coatings in screening tests and complete qualification test results of two candidate coatings selected on the basis of their performance in the screening tests. The validity of some of the specification criteria is discussed.
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Morach, R., and G. Schlecht. "Internal Pressure Testing as a Tool for Life Cycle Management of Piping Systems." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07545.
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Abstract Beside its use for quality control, hoop stress testing proved to be a valuable method to assess the condition of plastic piping systems. The presented applications show the benefit of the methodology but also the pitfalls. More than 30 years experience showed that internal pressure testing is a useful tool to monitor the degradation of thermoplastic piping systems. It can be used for quality control as well as for the decision making on investments by estimating the remaining lifetime. Substantial savings were achieved by delaying investments for several years. However, the field data clearly demonstrate that the information about changes in the conveyed chemicals is key to a successful lifetime extrapolation. More severe conditions will result in unexpected failure. The experience from field applications shows that 5% remaining life time in the lab test is a lower limit. Below this limit in lab test the pipe may fail at any time, hence the pipe should be replaced immediately.
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Van Blaricum, Vicki L., Vincent F. Hock, Bopinder S. Phull, and James B. Bushman. "Sensors to Improve Corrosion Control and Water Quality in Water Distribution Systems." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07235.
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Abstract Localized internal corrosion of water distribution piping is difficult to detect, diagnose, and mitigate. This paper describes a project in which multi-parameter water quality sensors and corrosion rate sensors were permanently installed at key locations in a water system to detect corrosion problems and fine-tune the chemical treatment program. Preliminary data and lessons learned will be provided.
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Walker, Christopher A. "Internal Corrosion in Natural Gas Pipelines." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19507.
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Abstract Internal corrosion is a time-dependent integrity threat that occurs when contaminates are found in natural gas such as chlorides, carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and water or other contaminants. The identification, mitigation, and repair of this threat can be costly and time consuming for operators; however, if proper actions are not implemented to ensure pipeline integrity, internal corrosion may occur and potentially lead to pipeline failure. Identification of internal corrosion is typically determined through in-line inspection (ILI) technologies or internal corrosion direct assessment (ICDA), where ILI is not practical. Preventative measures such as product quality control, corrosion inhibitors, cleaning pigs, and internal coating systems can be employed to limit the impact of internal corrosion. Once internal corrosion has been identified, repair options should be considered to restore the integrity of the pipeline. Internal corrosion in natural gas pipelines is more challenging to observe and mitigate than external corrosion due to accessibility. The intent of this document is to discuss how internal corrosion occurs, identifying locations of internal corrosion, mitigation techniques, and repair options.
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Al-Borno, Amal, Moavin Islam, and Henry Pedraza. "Proposed Test Protocol for Evaluating Internal Coating Systems for Railcar Sour Oil Applications." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20646.
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Abstract Crude oil is usually transported by pipelines from the production areas to refineries. However, in North America, particularly Canada, a significant amount of crude oil is transported via specially designed railcars. The internals of the railcars are typically coated with a high-quality coating system to prevent corrosion. Still, coating failures do occur due to the unique cyclic operating service conditions of the railcars. Thus, elevated temperatures are used to reduce fluid viscosity with a resultant increase in the vapor pressure while the loading of the oil in the railcars. Once loaded, the crude is transported under ambient temperature and pressure until the railcars reach their destination. During off-loading, elevated temperatures are again used for reducing the viscosity of the oil. After emptying the contents, the railcars are allowed to return to ambient conditions and sent back to the production area to repeat the loading, transportation, unloading cycle. Currently, there is no established test protocol to evaluate candidate coating systems for railcar internals under simulated operating conditions. Testing is usually done under a single set of operating conditions of loading or unloading and does not include the synergistic effect of the different temperature variations. This paper presents a detailed test protocol for evaluating candidate coating systems for railcar internals. The proposed test protocol was designed to simulate the expected service conditions of railcars using a modified NACE TM0185-2006 test procedure, “Evaluation of Internal Plastic Coatings for Corrosion Control of Tubular Goods by Autoclave Testing”. The modification includes the cyclic service condition of railcars – fuel loading, loaded transportation, off-loading, dry heat and empty transportation.
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Strandmyr, Øystein, and Odd Hagerup. "Field Experience with Stainless Steel Materials in Seawater Systems." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98707.
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Abstract Stainless steels are an important group of materials for seawater systems. This group of materials, including high alloyed austenitic and superduplex type materials, was primarily introduced with the aim to reduce maintenance costs involved with materials as carbon steel with internal linings and coatings. However, on some offshore platforms the leak frequency in seawater stainless steel piping systems has been high resulting in unacceptable maintenance costs. This study has evaluated the field experience with stainless steel materials in seawater systems at three company operated offshore platforms in the North Sea area. Variables as specifications, qualification test criteria, quality and operating conditions have been evaluated. In addition, actual material samples from the involved field installations have been tested for corrosion resistance and have been metallographically examined. The findings from this study will be further evaluated for implementation both in material standards and in quality control strategies for deliveries and installation of high alloyed stainless steels for new projects.
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Van Blaricum, Vicki L., and Vincent F. Hock. "Water Distribution System Modeling and Remote Monitoring." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06266.
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Abstract Internal corrosion of water distribution piping is often difficult to detect, diagnose, and mitigate, especially if the problems are localized. Corrosion can cause leaks, premature piping failures, and poor water quality in water distribution systems. New commercially available in-situ sensors can detect active corrosion and/or corrosive water and can notify facilities engineers that there is a problem. A new field demonstration of these sensors will be described in this paper. Computer-based simulations of water distribution systems can also be used as a diagnostic tool to help solve corrosion problems. Simulations can help pinpoint areas in which localized hydraulic and/or water quality conditions are contributing to internal piping corrosion. An example will be presented in which an off-line dynamic simulation was used to help locate and diagnose a series of localized corrosion problems in an actual water distribution system. Finally, the above sensors and simulations can be interfaced together with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems to provide a highly accurate, near-real-time description of water system operation. Such a system can be used to automatically control the dosing of water treatment chemicals so that corrosion is mitigated.
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Wegt, Sebastian, Jan Hartmann, Suad Jakirlic, et al. "Computational Study on the Erosive Surface Degradation in a Pipe Elbow by Relevance to Internal Combustion Engine Cooling Systems." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-14801.
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Abstract The present work deals with the numerical study of particle erosion in pipe conduits, representing the process frequently encountered in coolant system configurations. Accordingly four preselected, widely-used erosion models are implemented into an open source computational fluid dynamic environment aiming at investigating their influence and quantifying their capability for predicting particle erosion. Additionally, the influence of the wall treatment, related especially to the particle-wall interaction, is discussed. Among a limited number of available reference databases for particle erosion process, the experimental study of Solnordal et al.1, investigating the particle erosion in a 90-degree pipe bend at a flow Reynolds number of Re = 538.000, is used as a reference for the present study. The outcome of the respective studies shows that with the exception of the model of Finnie18 the erosion predicted by majority of different models follows a similar pattern; appropriate choice of the model constants is of major importance for the quality of the results. Furthermore, the importance of the particle-wall-interaction along with the necessity to account for the secondary impacting particle, as considered within the enhanced particle-wall-interaction model by Sommerfeld & Huber2, is discussed.
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Arraño, Sergio González, Zoe L. Coull, María Teresa Ramírez, and Rubén Muñoz. "The Impact of Corrosion on Mine Water Supply Systems." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02137.
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Abstract Water scarcity is one of the most important challenges for the mining industry in Northern Chile. Most of the mining operations are located in a desert climate, at high altitudes, where the main local water supply is from limited, typically low quality groundwater sources. Most of the mining activities would outlast the local water reserves, and therefore many projects have considered, and continue to develop, the use of seawater or desalinated water to supply their operations.1 The natural corrosiveness of seawater or desalinated seawater impacts not only on materials selection and costs but it also affects the mine process, the system availability, safety and environmental issues, among other factors. This paper focuses on issues surrounding internal pipe corrosion of fresh water transportation systems and how the engineering design is evolving to deal with this issue in mining water supply projects.
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Kharusi, Amjad, Janardhan Rao Saithala, Mohammed Al Ghafri, Mohammed Ossama, and Talal Nabhani. "Field Experience of Various Coating Systems in Oil & Gas Industry." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20360.
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Abstract Internal and external coatings have been used extensively for the corrosion protection of a wide range of process components such as flowlines, pipelines, piping, vessels, tanks etc. that are used in oil and gas industry. Coatings are a critical barrier as part of a corrosion management strategy and shall be capable of providing long term corrosion protection in corrosive environment. Coatings are exposed to wide range of temperatures, high pressure environments, and acid gases (H2S and CO2), and are subjected to mechanical damage, etc. during operating service life. The authors’ company has extensive experience of using various coating systems for over 40 years. Fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings and glass reinforced epoxy (GRE) linings are primarily used as internal coatings, and three-layer polypropylene (3LPP), three-layer polyethylene (3LPE), thermal spray aluminum (TSA), and epoxy coatings are used as external coatings in hydrocarbon and water injection service. During design, it is anticipated that coatings will meet expected design life, however, premature coating failures are reoccurring for various reasons, which result in significant oil & gas deferment and unplanned shutdowns. This paper will present two case studies on field experience of different coating systems and contributing factors that led to premature failures. The three main contributing factors to premature failure are quality QA/QC during coating application, incorrect coating selection, and coating damage during installation.
Reports on the topic "Internal quality systems"
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.
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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
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Aiginger, Karl, Andreas Reinstaller, Michael Böheim, et al. Evaluation of Government Funding in RTDI from a Systems Perspective in Austria. Synthesis Report. WIFO, Austria, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2009.504.
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In the spring of 2008, WIFO, KMU Forschung Austria, Prognos AG in Germany and convelop were jointly commissioned by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth to perform a systems evaluation of the country's research promotion and funding activities. Based on their findings, six recommendations were developed for a change in Austrian RTDI policy as outlined below: 1. to move from a narrow to a broader approach in RTDI policy (links to education policy, consideration of the framework for innovation such as competition, international perspectives and mobility); 2. to move from an imitation to a frontrunner strategy (striving for excellence and market leadership in niche and high-quality segments, increasing market shares in advanced sectors and technology fields, and operating in segments of relevance for society); 3. to move from a fragmented approach to public intervention to a more coordinated and consistent approach(explicit economic goals, internal and external challenges and reasoning for public intervention); 4. to move from a multiplicity of narrowly defined funding programmes to a flexible, dynamic policy that uses a broader definition of its tasks and priorities (key technology and research segments as priority-action fields, adequate financing of clusters and centres of excellence); 5. to move from an unclear to a precisely defined allocation of responsibilities between ministries and other players in the field (high-ranking steering group at government level, monitoring by a Science, Research and Innovation Council); 6. to move from red-tape-bound to a modern management of public intervention (institutional separation between ministries formulating policies and agencies executing them, e.g., by "progressive autonomy").
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Pack, David. PR-616-17607-R01 Sulfur Condensation in Pressure Reduction Equipment. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011615.
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In natural gas transmission pipelines systems, there is a growing awareness of contamination due to the presence of sulfur vapor in the gas stream at sub ppm levels. Particularly at pressure reduction facilities, the sulfur vapor can desublimate out as solid elemental sulfur and then combine with other particle matter and trace liquids in the gas stream to form the observed contamination deposits. In order to better control the formation of the elemental sulfur, an improved understanding of the contribution that the design of pressure regulators make to this desublimation process is required. This research program has come to the challenge of this requirement. In the conducted program, two pressure regulators were tested at a common facility that was known to have an elemental sulfur deposition problem. Each pressure regulator was alternatively placed in service so as each was subjected to, as near as possible, identical operating conditions. A requirement for the selection of the two pressure regulators was that they had to have different internal design features. The quality of the natural gas supply was regularly sampled and analyzed, with the contamination deposits on the pressure regulator internals sampled and analyzed at the termination of the test period. These deposits were analyzed for both hydrocarbon and other liquid deposits as well as a range of metal and semi-metal compounds captured in the deposits.
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Perdigão, Rui A. P. Beyond Quantum Security with Emerging Pathways in Information Physics and Complexity. Synergistic Manifolds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/220602.
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Information security and associated vulnerabilities have long been a pressing challenge, from the fundamental scientific backstage to the frontline across the most diverse sectors of society. At the tip of the iceberg of this problem, the citizens immediately feel that the reservation of privacy and the degradation of the quality and security of the information and communication on which they depend for the day-to-day activities, already of crucial relevance, are at stake. Naturally though, the challenges do not end there. There is a whole infrastructure for storing information, processing and communication, whose security and reliability depend on key sectors gearing modern society – such as emergency communication systems (medical, civil and environmental protection, among others), transportation and geographic information, the financial communications systems at the backbone of day-to-day transactions, the information and telecommunications systems in general. And crucially the entire defence ecosystem that in essence is a stalwart in preventing our civilisation to self-annihilate in full fulfilment of the second principle of thermodynamics. The relevance of the problem further encompasses the preservation of crucial values such as the right to information, security and integrity of democratic processes, internal administration, justice, defence and sovereignty, ranging from the well-being of the citizen to the security of the nation and beyond. In the present communication, we take a look at how to scientifically and technically empower society to address these challenges, with the hope and pragmatism enabled by our emerging pathways in information physics and complexity. Edging beyond classical and quantum frontiers and their vulnerabilities to unveil new principles, methodologies and technologies at the core of the next generation system dynamic intelligence and security. To illustrate the concepts and tools, rather than going down the road of engineered systems that we can ultimately control, we take aim at the bewildering complexity of nature, deciphering new secrets in the mathematical codex underlying its complex coevolutionary phenomena that so heavily impact our lives, and ultimately bringing out novel insights, methods and technologies that propel information physics and security beyond quantum frontiers.
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Abdul Hamid, Umar Zakir. Product Governance and Management for Software-defined Battery Electric Vehicles. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2024025.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In recent years, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have experienced significant sales growth, marked by advancements in features and market delivery. This evolution intersects with innovative software-defined vehicles, which have transformed automotive supply chains, introducing new BEV brands from both emerging and mature markets. The critical role of software in software-defined battery electric vehicles (SD-BEVs) is pivotal for enhancing user experience and ensuring adherence to rigorous safety, performance, and quality standards. Effective governance and management are crucial, as failures can mar corporate reputations and jeopardize safety-critical systems like advanced driver assistance systems.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Product Governance and Management for Software-defined Battery Electric Vehicles</b> addresses the complexities of SD-BEV product governance and management to facilitate safer vehicle deployments. By exploring these challenges, it aims to enhance internal processes and foster cross-geographical collaborations, assisting automotive product managers in integrating comprehensive considerations into product strategies and requirements.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
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Leis, B. N., and T. P. Forte. DTRS56-03-T-0003 Integrity of Early Pipelines - Crack Growth Analysis and Revalidation Intervals. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011848.
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Develops a quantitative assessment of time-dependent threats, with a focus on vintage onshore gas transmission pipelines. Characteristics for the vintage pipeline system were established in terms of diameter, wall thickness, service conditions, grade and toughness, and pipeline designs typical of this system identified. Analyses to qualify mean-time-between-failure and related inspection intervals were performed for these typical vintage pipelines addressing time-dependent degradation and possible failure due to corrosion, fatigue, and stress corrosion cracking. Hydrogen embrittlement also was considered although not in regard to mean-time-between-failure. Results developed were used to quantify pipeline life as a function of the sizes of defects that have caused incidents in vintage pipeline systems.
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Endale, Kefyalew, Mesele Araya, Tassew Woldehanna, and Ricardo Sabates. GEQIP-E Implementation Practices and Value-Added Learning at Primary Schools in Ethiopia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2023/132.
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This paper focuses on research from the RISE Ethiopia team and addresses two major objectives: analysing the progress made towards achieving key goals under the four focus areas of GEQIP-E (internal efficiency, quality, equity, and system strengthening for policy formulation and reform) and whether the indicators of GEQIP-E implementation have been associated with estimated improvements in numeracy over one academic year. The analysis is based on longitudinal data collected as part of the RISE Ethiopia programme during the academic years 2018/19 and 2021/22, as they coincide with the implementation of GEQIP-E (GEQIP-E was disrupted by the dual shocks of COVID-19 and the violent civil conflicts that erupted in November 2020). Findings are presented under the four areas of intervention (school internal efficiency, quality, equity and system strengthening) and the final section links these areas of intervention with learning outcomes.
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Calahorra-Jimenez, Maria, Nigel Blampied, Elhami Nasr, and Tariq Shehab. Survey of Building Information Modeling for Infrastructure (BIM4I). Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2453.
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The rapid development of information technologies is transforming how data and information are produced, shared, exchanged, and managed. This transformation is accelerating in state departments of transportation (DOTs) across the country due to the pressing need for efficient means of delivering transportation projects and an enhanced need for internal and external collaboration. A key driver for this transformation is the implementation of Building Information Modeling for Infrastructures (BIM4I). The primary objective of this research was to develop actionable recommendations for DOTs to facilitate the effective adoption of BIM4I, based on national and international lessons learned and best practices. A four-step methodology was employed including: (1) a literature review identified key stakeholders and best practices; (2) data collection targeting transportation agencies included a survey of 94 participants and 18 follow-up interviews; (3) data analysis utilized statistical and content analysis to extract themes and insights; and (4) tailored recommendations were formulated based on findings. Main recommendations include: • Strategic Planning: Establish a clear definition of Building Information Modeling (BIM), create an implementation plan including a roadmap with defined objectives, and assess organizational readiness for BIM adoption. • Standardization and Training: Develop clear standards and guidelines for BIM usage, prioritize data quality, and invest in training. • Technology Integration: Ensure that BIM tools and software are compatible with existing systems and establish a user-friendly Common Data Environment (CDE) for effective data sharing. • Collaboration and Communication: Foster interdepartmental and cross-stages collaboration and engage stakeholders early in the design process to enhance understanding of project impacts. Recommendations from this research will help DOTs transitioning to digital delivery to enhance efficiency, collaboration, and project outcomes, providing a framework for effective BIM integration.
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Riter, Karmann, Anthony Clint Clayton, Kelley Rountree, and Prakash Doraiswamy. Solar Station for an Off-the-Grid Air Quality Sensor System. RTI Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.mr.0051.2306.
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Air quality monitoring is a rapidly growing area of citizen science, or community science (CS), thanks to the availability of low-cost sensors. Contributing to a crowdsourced data platform (e.g., http:// purpleair .com/ map) is usually easy in urban areas, where there is access to uninterrupted electricity and wireless internet (Wi-Fi). However, there are sometimes security restrictions on Wi-Fi or a lack of exterior power outlets. Also, rural regions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, often lack electricity and Wi-Fi continuity. RTI International has designed and distributed a solar power and Wi-Fi station that can adequately power both a small air quality sensor (e.g., PurpleAir PA-II) and a Wi-Fi hotspot to overcome these challenges. The station housing can accommodate a battery, a controller, and a cell phone or another type of Wi-Fi hotspot device. This paper discusses the need for such a station; a design for the current station, including parts list; suggestions for modifications in various use cases; and design factors to consider, including amount of sunlight per day, intended number of operational days under cloudy conditions, season, and total power requirements. This method is intended to be open source and a starting point for citizen scientists and CS projects.
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West, George, Marco Velarde, and Alejandro Soriano. IDB-9: Operational Performance and Budget. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010526.
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In IDB-9 the Board of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) mandated the adoption of a results-based budgeting process (RBB) that would be aligned to and would help achieve the key performance targets of the Corporate Results Framework (CRF), as well as improve accountability and transparency. In addition, they mandated the use of a Balanced Score Card Performance Management System (BSC) that would incorporate the results from an External Feedback System (EFS). The Governors also requested that the Bank continue its efforts to improve organizational efficiency. The IDB has made significant progress in improving the quality and availability of information related to the budget and the associated work program, and in developing and enhancing the systems to support the budget planning and monitoring process. Many of the actions defined in the RBB Framework document can be considered complete from a technical perspective, but the RBB is still a work in process. One major area that RBB planners underestimated was the effort and time it would take to create an organization that uses data to manage for results. This effort must involve all levels of Management and be accompanied by appropriate incentives. Work on this cultural change has started but will extend beyond the planned three-year RBB implementation period. The BSC effort resulted in organizational learning and the development of a number of performance indicators, but it failed to achieve its objective of implementing a BSC that would provide the Bank with a Strategic Planning and Management system to help ensure the alignment of business activities with organizational strategy and provide a focused, comprehensive perspective of the Bank¿s organizational performance.The EFS is just being restarted, and preliminary results are expected in early 2013. Work is under way to improve operational efficiency, but the RBB data provide limited support to this activity, as most of the efficiency indicators are related to cycle times and not budget. OVE provides several suggestions for future work: (i) increase the focus, attention, and resources devoted to the RBB change management process to help achieve the culture change needed to create an organization that "manages for results"; (ii) plan for the involvement of all levels of Management, use internal and external experts in this process, and recognize that the process will take time; (iii) with Human Resources, create and implement incentives to recognize and reward behavior and good practices that can change the Bank¿s culture; (iv) consider raising the sponsorship level of the RBB, possibly combining it with the Program Optima governance structure; (v) focus on creating a limited set of performance indicators that drive the Bank¿s business and that link to its strategy, objectives and priorities; and (vi) reexamine the budget process to identify key constraints (for example, the head count ceiling) and reexamine the timing of performance reporting and budget allocations/reallocations to ensure alignment.