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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'International agencies'
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1
Fekete, Florian. "Civil-military relations : enhancing international security." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FFekete.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Karen Guttieri. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-70). Also available online.
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Lanteigne, Marc. "Doorways and mirrors Chinese power and international institutions /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/57360569.html.
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Ali, Ali Saeid. "The International Red Cross and Red Crescent 1973-1988." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254772.
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Lusa, Bordin Fernando. "The analogy between states and international organizations : legal reasoning and the development of the law of international organizations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708385.
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Rubinsson, Sebastian. "Global marketing through collaboration of local marketing agencies : How can local marketing agencies work together for global clients?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41110.
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Background: The world becomes more connected as technology advances and with the internet as a distribution channel more companies internationalises. However, there are still cultural differences around the world that marketers must take into consideration. The marketing industry faces difficult challenges in adaptation to international marketing, as collaboration between local marketing agencies could be a solution. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to contribute with understanding of how local marketing agencies can work together for global clients, and how these agencies can adapt local marketing for these clients. In order to understand how marketing agencies can work together, this study will contribute with understanding of this collaboration between local marketing agencies and how they can help each other grow their businesses. Method: This study uses a qualitative method with unstructured interviews of five people operational within a network of local marketing agencies. Theory: The theoretical framework for this study consists of theories in international marketing, collaboration and learning. Results and conclusions: By collaborating in a network, local marketing agencies get access to international markets and can support global clients. By having multiple local agencies working together for global clients, these agencies all provide local knowledge and create local communication. The collaboration in a network is most effective if the competition is eliminated, which can be done through shared ownership and personal connection within the network.
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Tansey, Oisín. "Democratic regime-building : democratisation in the context of international administration." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2fc9be17-09c2-4b7a-97ad-e6ee79ae3c06.
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This thesis examines democratic transitions that occur in the context of international administration, where international actors not only provide assistance and guidance regarding domestic development, but also hold temporary executive authority over some or all of the functions of government. It argues that the process of regime change in the context of international administration is systematically different from more conventional settings, where such extensive international intervention is absent. The theoretical framework of the thesis suggests that the most significant impact of international administration derives from the fact that external actors assume roles conventionally held by domestic actors, and thus have available to them extensive mechanisms of influence at the domestic level. International agents can favour some local elites over others, structure the political environment through agenda-setting and veto powers, and ultimately bypass local actors if deemed necessary by drafting and imposing laws and institutions. As a result, the presence of international administrators heavily shapes the final mode of transition, and one of the most significant implications of the external influence is that purely non-democratic regime outcomes are unlikely to emerge. However, the influences of international administration are not always positive, and neither are they constant across contexts. The final impact on the transition process itself will depend in large part on the nature of the domestic political landscape, and in particular the balance of power and ideology among the domestic political parties. When domestic elites are favourable to democracy, international administrations can work with local actors to co-author a new democratic regime through a pacted transition. When dominant local parties are opposed to democratic development, however, the international and domestic interaction may contribute to a more conflicrual and contentious mode of transition entailing elements of international imposition. The nature of the transition mode will, in turn, have implications for post-transition regime consolidation. These findings are based on a structured, focused comparison of three cases, those of Bosnia, Kosovo and East Timor. In attempting to isolate the international influence, the case studies utilise the process tracing method to identify the causal mechanisms that connect international actions to democratic political outcomes, and the experiences in each case are compared to facilitate the generation of bounded generalisations about the impact of international administration on the processes of regime change.
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Keenes, Ernie (Ernest Morley) Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "Embedded liberalism and Canada: state reorganization in the international political economy." Ottawa, 1991.
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Sathe, Ommeed S. (Ommeed Sanjay). "Local debts, international authority : rating agencies' emergence in regulating subnational debt." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37469.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-99).
This thesis explores the growth of subnational debt ("SND") and the different regulatory responses to this debt. It focuses on the recent emergence of credit rating agencies (e.g. Standard & Poor's, Moody's and Fitch) as an alternative regulatory mechanism, which has the potential to stabilize these markets, improve risk pricing, and alter traditional conceptions of local governance. The first chapter traces SND's long legacy of debt defaults, federal bailouts, and improperly priced risk; as well as the profound benefits that SND can provide to local governments, particularly as a means of resisting the siren song of privatization. Unfortunately, it finds that conventional strategies for regulating SND - including federal oversight, financial rules and market discipline - have not properly balanced these trade offs and have left lingering moral hazards, overly restricted debt markets, and a legacy of mispricing. The second chapter examines the emergence of debt rating agencies in Mexico as a possible alternative. It traces their growth, particularly the role of domestic and international agreements, their methodology, and their historic accuracy. It finds that they should improve debt pricing and obviate moral hazards when compared to existing regulatory interventions.
(cont.) However, these significant benefits come with profound implications on local governance and decentralization. The third chapter investigates rating agencies infringement on traditional local autonomy as well as the more subtle ways in which these bodies can actually improve local deliberation by enhancing transparency and formality. The thesis argues further that any restrictions are outweighed by the benefits from stabilizing SND markets and replacing more onerous regimes. The thesis also suggests that the agencies' view of governance actually fits in with broader international approaches and is part of a broader movement towards international local government law. The paper concludes by considering potential regulation to improve agencies' performance further.
by Ommeed S. Sathe.
M.C.P.
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Peter, Mateja. "Constructing international authority : the international administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648359.
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Plog, Max. "Grundrechtsschutz gegenüber internationalen Organisationes ohne Durchgriffsbefugnisse /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017993804&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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van, Zyl Jacqualine Frances. "Technological change and the effectiveness of domestic government agencies and international organisations. How does technological change impact the effectiveness and benign political character of domestic government agencies and international organisations?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33096.
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Studies examining the relationship between technological advancements and politics demonstrate that this relationship remains closely connected. Numerous research efforts have focused on unpacking and further understanding this relationship to develop a better idea on the ways in which technology has acted as a motor of history, driving the transformation of factors such as class structures, ideas and institutions across the globe. This research is guided by an understanding and acknowledgement of the political nature of technological development. In highlighting this link, a valuable foundation for understanding this relationship is achieved, which is necessary when seeking to explore the ways in which innovative technologies influence the effectiveness and benign political character of domestic government agencies and international organisations. In order to ensure that an evaluation of the ways in which innovative technologies can impact the effectiveness and benign political character of domestic government agencies and international organisations is undertaken, this research is focused on firstly unpacking the relationship between technological advancement and politics through the use of a comprehensive literature review. It remains imperative to note that the study on the relationship between technological advancement and politics is incredibly broad. As such, for the purposes of this research emphasis will be placed on dealing with a small and focused aspect of this relationship, namely the impact of technological advancements on the effectiveness and benign political character of domestic government agencies and international organisations. Through examining the work of scholars that have undertaken research focused on technological advancements and the impacts this has on politics and vice versa, a holistic understanding on the topic is achieved. Key arguments presented by scholars such as Feenberg, Ganne, Kamel and Sussman will be studied to ensure a rich vein of knowledge on the complex relationship of technology and politics is developed. Once this understanding has been established, an examination into two key schools of thought, namely technology as a tool of control or domination, and technology as a benign instrumental force are studied to highlight the main arguments presented by scholars that have studied the topic over decades. In order to ensure that an in-depth analysis is achieved, the positive and negative impacts of technological advancements on politics will be explored through assessing arguments presented by scholars that are focused on understanding the ways in which politics and technology are related. An examination into the ways in which innovative technologies can be leveraged to enhance the operations and benign political character of domestic government agencies and international organisations will be undertaken. For the purposes of this research, blockchain technology has been selected as the innovative technology to be studied in relation to how domestic government agencies and international organisations can harness the opportunities presented by the technology. As such, an in-depth explanation into blockchain technology will be presented as well as a discussion pertaining to the opportunities and challenges associated with this technology. When examining the opportunities presented by blockchain technology two key features, namely improved transparency as well as efficient and cost-effective international payments will be discussed. With regards to the challenges associated with the use of blockchain technology, issues such as infrastructural infancy, limited organisational capacities, data privacy concerns and issues of governance will be outlined and discussed. This will ensure that an in-depth understanding into blockchain technology and its uses is demonstrated, which in turn contributes to a sound understanding when analysing the selected case studies used in this research. Once an understanding of the relationship between technological advancements and politics, as well as blockchain technology and its uses is established an analysis of the four selected case studies can be undertaken and effectively comprehended. For the purposes of this research, a case study methodology has been selected in terms of the focus on the use of blockchain technology. This is an area of study in which there has been much academic research conducted, but there are few analytically powerful theories that can help us understand recent technological changes. The potential impact of contemporary technological innovations, such as Blockchain, remains poorly understood. This study will use exploratory case studies to identify key processes and questions for further study, including concerning how the notions of “effectiveness” and “benign character” might be clarified and operationalised in further studies. A multi-case study approach has been taken in relation to the selection of examples included as case studies. These cases have been chosen both from the operations of domestic agencies and from the operations of international organisations in order to shed preliminary light on the differences between the domestic and international spheres of political and administrative activity. In order to begin to assess the ways in which innovative technologies influence the operations and benign political character of domestic government agencies and international organisations, four key case studies have been selected to be included in this research. An assessment into the “e-Estonia” case study, where essential services and information flows were significantly improved as a result of the digitalisation of services made possible due to effective collaborations between by public and private sectors will be discussed as the first key case study. Secondly, an examination into the South African Reserve Bank's “Project Khokha” will demonstrate the opportunities and benefits associated with intentional research and exploration into the use of innovative technologies to enhance operations of domestic government departments. The e-Estonia and “Project Khokha” case studies are included in this research as they demonstrate the ways in which domestic government agencies have explored the use of technology to enhance their operations, while also highlighting key lessons learnt in the implementation of these projects. An assessment of the World Food Programme's “Building Blocks” initiative, will demonstrate the value of the exploration of innovative technologies such as blockchain for international organisations. This initiative demonstrates the ability of blockchain-based solutions to enhance operations and the distribution of aid for international organisations such as the World Food Programme. Finally, the UNICEF's Venture Fund has been included as a case study in this research to explore and demonstrate the ways in which disruptive technologies can be harnessed for positive change on a global scale. Through the use of the case studies listed above, the research will explore how and whether opportunities and potential are presented by innovative technologies such as blockchain for both domestic government agencies and international organisations. This research will also seek to understand barriers that currently exist when looking to implement blockchain-based solutions across the globe, how these limitations can be understood, and whether they are likely to be overcome with increased knowledge of the technology, and greater contributions by scholars interested in understanding the ways in which domestic government agencies and international organisations can enhance their operations through embracing innovative technologies.
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Dean, William. "CAPACITY AND COORDINATION: HOW INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES CAN STRENGTHEN LA LIBERTAD, HONDURAS." The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555254.
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Johnston, Seth Allen. "How NATO endures : an institutional analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711650.
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Dutra, Paula H. "Institution interaction and regime purpose considerations based on TRIPS/CBD /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1180729582.
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Nikolakakis, Niki. "The international legal ramifications of the OECD's harmful tax competition crusade /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101823.
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In 1998 the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (the "OECD") commenced a campaign to eliminate harmful tax competition focusing on geographically mobile activities. The OECD targeted 35 jurisdictions and demanded that those nations amend their tax laws to remove the harmful features that provided more favorable tax treatment to geographically mobile capital than was available in some of its Member States. This thesis examines the international responsibility of the OECD and its Member States to determine whether their conduct in waging this campaign is in accordance with the international legal principles of state sovereignty and non-intervention. As an international actor with legal personality, the conduct of the OECD is found to engage its international responsibility for the breach of state sovereignty and non-intervention. The Member States in support of the OECD's actions are found to have primary and secondary responsibility under international law for the OEOD's actions.
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Klein, Pierre. "Le droit de la responsabilité des organisations internationales." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212337.
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Kaniut, Eric G. "United Nations reform : the need for legitimacy /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA297104.
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Diaz, Janeth. "IGOs and juridical organs." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Craig, Timothy G. "The Shanghai Cooperation Organization : origins and implications." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FCraig.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003.Thesis advisor(s): David S. Yost, Lyman Miller. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-61). Also available online.
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Radin, Dagmar. "The Domestic Politics of Entering International Communities: An Exploratory Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4186/.
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In the last thirty years, there has been a significant increase in the globalization process, or as other refer to it, the internationalization, free trade, or liberalization. This trend was reflected in the increasing number of newly formed international organization (economic and security) as well as in the increased membership in the already existing ones. The evidence of this trend has been particularly visible since the end of the Cold War, when the race of the Eastern European countries to enter international organizations has been as competitive as ever. Nonetheless, a number of countries, upon careful evaluation and consideration of membership, has opted out of the opportunity to enter such international agreements. The question that this paper addresses is how do countries decided whether to enter or not international organizations? In other words, what elements, processes, and motives lie behind the decision of countries to commit to a new membership?
Most of the studies that have addressed this topic have done so from an international perspective as they addressed the politics between countries, as well as the costs and benefits in terms of power, sovereignty, and national income once in the organizations. This paper, on the other hand, approaches the issue from a comparative perspective, both economic and political. It attempts to answer the research question by looking at the domestic sources of decision -making and how they influence this decision. Namely, a decision to become more open to trade has several implications for a country, depending on its size, and already established trade openness, among other factors. The impact of increased openness will most seriously affect the domestic players, both negatively and positively. Thus, in considering the impact that the policy could have on their welfare, players align their interests in order to express their preferences on the issue to the decision makers. The ability of the domestic actors to have their preferences considered in turn depends on the structure of the institutions through which they can participate in the political process i.e. how are their votes turned into seats, and who has most impact in the policymaking. Thus, depending on the impact of globalization on a country's domestic welfare, as well as the composition of the domestic players (export versus import intensive), the decision of the country on whether to participate or not will finally depend on the preference filtering mechanism given by the electoral and representative systems a country has. Thus, the decisions to join or not to will sometime reflect a special interest, while at other times it will be the result of an agreement reached by all of the existing groups.
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Carrenõ, Marcos Eric 1977. "International regulation of commercial civil aircraft : regulatory agencies and requirements governing large transport aircraft certification." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82770.
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Bochinger, Steve. "The implications of the privatization of space telecommunications on international organizations /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31150.
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If the privatization of space telecommunications, because of its impacts, has been subject to various studies, this thesis focuses the analysis of this phenomenon on a particular point: its implications on international organizations.Because of the evolution of the sector, international satellite organizations have undertaken for around ten years several internal reforms that lead today to the privatization of the three major organizations: Intelsat, Inmarsat and Eutelsat. These transformations constitute a particular sensitive issue as these organizations have been initially established so that to exploit satellite systems for the general interest of their members.
The impact of this phenomenon is no less considerable on the ITU, in charge of the international regulation, from a regulatory but also structural point of view. Moreover, the liberalization of telecommunication market undertaken under the aegis of the WTO grants to this organization a new major place in space telecommunication regulation.
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Sato, Chie. "Immunität internationaler Organisationen /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/372976840.pdf.
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Renouf, Jean S. "Understanding how the identity of international aid agencies and their approaches to security are mutually shaped." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/171/.
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The objective of the thesis is to study, through a critical constructivist analysis, the conception and practice of security by humanitarian international aid agencies (IAAs), with particular reference to their relation with private military and security companies (PMSCs). The research provides a qualitative analysis of humanitarian security, which is defined as the practice of safely accessing vulnerable populations for humanitarian purposes. Its methodology relies on semi-structured interviews, including in Afghanistan and Haiti; participant observation; and a literature review. The thesis‘ critical constructivist approach implies studying the co-constitution of aid organizations‘ identity and interests. It argues that IAAs‘ identity and approaches to security are mutually shaped. It does so by first highlighting dominant discourses framing aid agencies‘ identity and processes by which particular views are reproduced. It then identifies the dominant representations in security management and reveals how they relate to IAAs‘ identity. The thesis defines three ideal–types of IAAs (Deontological, Solidarist and Utilitarian) and of PMSCs (Guarding, Unarmed, and Weaponised). This typology allows a dissecting of IAAs‘ different conceptions and practices of security, and the conditions under which each type of IAA employs PMSCs. The research reveals that an aid agency‘s identity forms the basis of its approach to security. Identity and security, are however, not stable but dynamic and in a constant process of interaction with each other. The thesis then offers a study of these dynamic processes, with a focus on agents. The thesis delves into the implications of the research for the concept of security and reveals how humanitarian security embodies IAAs‘ distinctive baggage. It suggests that IAAs require a more comprehensive understanding of how their identity and practices affect their security. The thesis‘ original contribution is two-fold: it represents the first critical constructivist study of humanitarian security practices and is the first research to study humanitarian organizations as referent objects of security.
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Pringle, Catherine Mary. "The risk of humanitarianism : industry-specific political-security risk analysis for international agencies in conflict zones." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5422.
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BibliographyThesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: International agencies are facing heightened levels of security risk in conflict zones. The nature of contemporary conflicts and the post-9/11 global political-security environment have contributed to a situation whereby the threat of attack as well as recurring criminal violence are a constant reality for their employees, hindering their work and obstructing their access to people in need. Moreover, the ability of international agencies to conduct strategic risk assessment has been called into question. The central research question of this study concerns whether an industry-specific political-security risk model can be applied successfully in order to assist international agencies with strategic political-security risk analysis in conflict zones. In order to develop a political-security risk model for international agencies a number of supplementary research questions are asked. The first of these is what limitations the security risk models currently used by international agencies exhibit. The second question asks what factors and indicators should be included in an industry-specific political-security risk model for international agencies in conflict zones. So as to test the applicability of the model developed in this research study, the last question asks what the level of risk is for international agencies operating in the conflict zone in eastern Chad. Using political risk theory, and drawing upon political risk models specific to the energy industry, this research study proposes an industry-specific political-security risk model for international agencies in conflict zones, in which the limitations of the current models used by international agencies to analyse security risks are overcome. The application of this model to eastern Chad returns an overall risk rating of extreme, which is the highest overall risk rating obtainable. By regularly utilising this model, international agencies are able to monitor the changing levels of security risk in a conflict zone and are therefore better placed to make informed strategic decisions when it comes to risk management and risk mitigation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Internasionale agentskappe trotseer tans verhoogde vlakke van sekuriteitsrisiko in konfliksones. Die aard van hedendaagse konflikte en die post-9/11 globale politieke sekuriteitsomgewing het bygedra tot ’n situasie waar die bedreiging van aanvalle sowel as die herhalende aard van kriminele geweld vir hul werkers ’n voortdurende realiteit is. As gevolg hiervan word werkers verhinder om hul verpligtinge uit te voer en na mense in nood uit te reik. Boonop word internasionale agentskappe se vermoë om strategiese risiko-asessering uit te voer nou bevraagteken. Die hoofnavorsingsvraag van hierdie studie is: kan ’n industrie-spesifieke politieke sekuriteitsrisikomodel suksesvol toegepas word om internasionale agentskappe by te staan met strategiese politieke sekuriteitsrisiko-analise in konfliksones, al dan nie. Ten einde ’n politieke sekuriteitsrisikomodel vir internasionale agentskappe te ontwikkel, word daar ook ’n aantal aanvullende navorsingsvrae gevra. Die eerste hiervan stel ondersoek in na die beperkings van die sekuriteitsrisikomodelle wat teenswoordig deur internasionale agentskappe gebruik word. Die tweede vraag vra watter faktore en indikators by ’n industriespesifieke politieke sekuriteitsrisikomodel vir internasionale agentskappe in konfliksones ingesluit behoort te word. Ten einde die toepaslikheid te toets van die model wat in hierdie studie ontwikkel is, stel die laaste vraag ondersoek in na die risikovlak vir internasionale agentskappe wat in die konfliksone van oostelike Tsjad werksaam is. Met behulp van politieke risikoteorie en met gebruik van politieke risikomodelle wat spesifiek betrekking het tot die energie-industrie, propageer hierdie navorsingstudie ’n industrie-spesifieke politieke sekuriteitsrisikomodel vir internasionale agentskappe in konfliksones wat die beperkings van die modelle wat huidig deur internasionale agentskappe gebruik word, sal oorwin. Hierdie model se toepassing op oostelike Tsjad toon in die geheel ’n risikowaarde van ekstreem, die hoogste algehele risikowaarde moontlik. Deur hierdie model gereeld te gebruik sal dit internasionale agentskappe in staat stel om die veranderende vlakke van sekuriteitsrisiko in ’n konfliksone te monitor; dus sal hulle meer ingeligte strategiese besluite kan neem wat betref risikobestuur en – verligting.
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Ravndal, Ellen Jenny. "A force for peace : expanding the role of the UN Secretary-General under Trygve Lie, 1946-1953." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4524630e-0f72-4169-b3e3-c53d250a3424.
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The UN secretary-general plays an important political role in world politics, yet the UN Charter describes him merely as "the chief administrative officer of the Organization". How did such a development come about? The existing narrative tends to emphasise the contribution made by Dag Hammarskjöld, the United Nation's second secretary-general from 1953 to 1961. This thesis argues that there are two problems with this narrative. First, it overlooks the precedents set under the first UN secretary-general, Trygve Lie, who was in office from 1946 to 1953. Second, it places too much emphasis on the personal role played by Hammarskjöld, and fails to adequately consider the importance of institutional factors. The main empirical contribution of this thesis is to highlight the importance of precedents set during the first years of the UN's existence while Lie was secretary-general. Through his active stance on political issues in relation to Iran, Palestine, Berlin, Chinese representation, and Korea, as well as his consistently strong defence of the UN's unity and principles, Trygve Lie succeeded in carving out space for the secretary-general to act autonomously on political issues, which later secretaries-general could build on. The thesis' main theoretical contribution is to emphasise the importance of institutional factors in the development of the UN secretary-general's political role. In a conceptual framework based on institutionalism, the thesis explains how the UN secretary-general should be understood to play a 'role' within the 'institution' of the United Nations, and how this makes change of the role and the institution possible. Furthermore, through an examination of the founding of the United Nations and early expectations for the role of the secretary-general, the thesis shows that the institution of the United Nations had been set up from the start in such a way that it not only allowed for an expansion of the office of UN secretary-general, but also made such an expansion likely. The body of the thesis demonstrates how this process played out over time, by examining Lie's activities as secretary-general, and offering a historical narrative of several episodes where the institution 'pulled' to expand the office, just as much as, or even more than, Lie 'pushed' for the same outcome.
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Campbell, Michelle. "Communicaiton for Poverty Alleviation: How Aid and Development Agencies in New Zealand View the Relationships Between Communication and Development." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2768.
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A highly debated topic of the last few decades has centred on the idea of communication as a means for poverty reduction. With two-thirds of the world's population living in poverty, there is a dire need to understand why global poverty and inequality continue to increase, and what role communication can, and is playing in the fight against poverty. This study therefore seeks to understand how three aid and development agencies in New Zealand, New Zealand Aid (NZAID), Oxfam New Zealand (NZ), and Christian World Service (CWS), construct poverty in the context of international development. Additionally it seeks to establish how these three organisations view relationships between communication and poverty. Eleven semi-structured, in-depth interviews with key informants were conducted, transcribed, and analysed in order to extract information surrounding the issues of poverty and international development. From this analysis, it is evident that these three organisations recognise official and unofficial definitions of poverty. It is also apparent that these definitions of poverty affect the ways in which these organisations view the causes of poverty, as well as their outlook on international development. Furthermore, three topics emerged when examining relationships between communication and poverty: communication with local people and local organisations, communication about local people and local organisations, and dealing with communication issues through accountability, transparency, and legitimacy. Implications on communication and development theory as well as theory on the discursive constructions of poverty are addressed. Finally, this study addresses practical implications for aid and development agency practice, and offers recommendations for further study in the area development communication.
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Rehs, Alexander M. "Gerichtliche Kontrolle internationaler Verwaltung : das Beispiel Bosnien und Herzegowina /." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/522093795.pdf.
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Johnson, James. "Lost in Translation: Rethinking the Politics of Sovereign Credit Rating." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Science, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8684.
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Our current understanding of credit rating agencies’ influence on national sovereignty relies on a dichotomised and highly antagonistic view of the relationship between states and the global economy. This perspective is locked into the discursive confines of the structuralist-sceptics debate within the field of international political economy. CRAs are said to either erode state sovereignty or represent a manifestation of it. By abandoning the state-market, public-private and national-global dichotomies embedded within this debate, and the zero-sum mentality they are predicated upon, this thesis offers an alternative – “transformationalist” – perspective to view the power of CRAs and their influence on national sovereignty. Defying traditional categorization, CRAs’ power is the result of a state-market, public-private confluence of interest and therefore has no determinative influence on national sovereignty. In the course of this analysis, a second assumption embedded within the study of CRAs’ influence is criticised: the fixation on the “big three” rating agencies (Moody’s, S&P and Fitch) and the neglect of the significance of the credit rating itself. Because the rating determination process is opaque, and the credit rating itself is a highly simplified expression of an intricately complex financial, economic and political reality, the causes of a sovereign rating change are often “up for debate”. Governments, within certain degrees of interpretation, are able to embed their own domestic political interests into the “causes” of a rating change, thereby co-opting and co-constructing the power and expertise of CRAs. This can, when successful, enhance governments’ internal sovereignty over domestic social forces and their external sovereignty as they “filter” the influence of a non-state actor. New Zealand’s interaction with the CRAs throughout 2008 to 2012 illustrates how this dynamic occurs and its limitations. The thesis seeks to highlight the diversity and heterogeneity involved in the processes of globalization in general, and CRAs’ influence in particular, and in doing so open up political space to consider possible forms of resistance.
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Simelane, Batsabile Nokulunga. "Socio-economic impacts of development initiatives led by international aid agencies in the local community of Msunduza." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020818.
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Development is central to the existence of every society including demographic entities that constitute a community of people. Community development is a process designed to create conditions of economic and social progress for the entire community with its active participation and fullest possible reliance on the community development initiatives. The support of either individuals or organisations for the community to realise its full potential is essential, likewise is the role of development agencies in community development a good omen towards the advancement of human development. This research looks at a number of development initiatives presented by aid agencies aimed at improving community life, solving serious problems of quality life, social exclusion, and resources availability. The research explores the socio-economic impacts of development initiatives led by development agencies in local communities, a case study of a peri-urban community of Msunduza, Swaziland. The study was guided by five objectives: i) To evaluate the positive and negative impacts of development initiatives led by development agencies; ii) To establish to what extent the Msunduza community know community development initiatives and how they perceive them; iii) To analyse the sustainability of development initiatives/projects led by the development agencies; iv) To determine what the participatory principles of community development are in the area; v) To draw conclusions and make recommendations that will improve community development through organisational interventions.
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Van, Leuven Nancy. "Hard news, soft news, and tough issues : the symbiotic relationships between NGOs, news agencies, and international development /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6154.
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Mohamed, Ali. "The Localisation of International News Agency Reports in English Newspapers in the Middle East." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367979.
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This thesis investigates the process of producing localised news reports by English newspapers in the Middle East instead of them using the actual news articles that they obtain from the international news agencies. The production of English news in the Middle East is a subject that has hardly been studied so far and this study is an attempt to shed light into how English news is produced and received in this part of the world. Since most news articles about international events reach the Middle East through the various international news agencies, news editors in the English newspapers in the region are faced with the task of fending off the ideologies that contradict with the local interest. In doing so, they end up injecting the reports with their own ideologies that might represent the local ideologies, and this process of producing the new news report is what is referred to in this thesis as the localisation process. The thesis aims to find out how and why this process is undertaken. News reports on a number of topics from both the international news agencies and an English newspaper in the Middle East are analysed using a multidisciplinary analytical framework that is based mainly on aspects of Critical Discourse Analysis and pragmatics. The analysis of the news reports shows a number of strategies employed by the English newspaper to walk around the ideologies of the international news agencies and produce its own versions of news reports. Combining ethnography with the analytical framework in order to interview news producers and readers from the Middle East reveals various reasons for English newspapers producing their localised versions.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Languages and Linguistics
Arts, Education and Law
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Beech, Jason. "International agencies, educational discourse, and the reform of teacher education in Argentina and Brazil (1985-2002) : a comparative analysis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006657/.
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This thesis addresses the relationship between the discourses about teacher education produced by international agencies and the policies and practices of teacher education in Argentina and Brazil. In particular the thesis analyses the proposals of UNESCO, the World Bank and OECD for teacher education, arguing that there are certain common assumptions that underlie these recommendations. Based on the theories of Foucault, the thesis identifies a universal model for teacher education that international agencies promote as the solution to most educational problems in most contexts. In order to illuminate the effects of the discourse produced by UNESCO, the World Bank and OECD, the thesis analyses the reforms of teacher education in Argentina and Brazil in the 1990s, showing a strong influence of international agencies on these reforms. However, the effects of the discourse of international agencies in Argentina and Brazil depend on the interaction of this discourse with local assumptions about what constitutes good education for teachers. Consequently, the discourse of international agencies was recontextualized differently in each of these contexts of reception. Drawing upon the work of Ball and Bernstein, an analysis of interviews with teacher educators in Argentina and Brazil shows how the discourse of international agencies was re-interpreted in and through the views of teacher educators, revealing several unanticipated consequences of local ising the proposals of international agencies in these countries. Thus, this thesis shows that foreign influences in education cannot be explained by theories that are only centred on the state. Rather, comparative education needs a theory that takes into account supranational and sub national actors that are fundamental in defining educational practices. In order to contribute to the development of such a theory, the findings of this thesis are placed within a broader theoretical model to map the circulation of discourse in the global educational field.
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Mahdi, Osama Abdul-Hadi. "Non-aligned countries' demands for a new international information order : a case study of the non-aligned news agencies pool." Thesis, Keele University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315163.
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Arruda, Vivian Anne Fraga do Nascimento. "A florescência da cooperação jurídica internacional no combate aos cartéis transfronteiriços: a experiência brasileira e reflexões para seu aperfeiçoamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-13022014-160855/.
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O Direito Antitruste experimenta hoje uma verdadeira era dourada na qual a cooperação internacional entre os órgãos de defesa da concorrência e a aplicação de suas leis alcançaram níveis jamais vistos. Como efeito colateral do fenômeno globalização, o qual marcou as últimas décadas pela expansão da economia de mercado, veio a internacionalização dos acordos entre concorrentes com vistas a limitar a concorrência. Os chamados cartéis, antes nacionais, passam a ter a dimensão dessa nova dinâmica da economia, a mundial. E os danos ao mercado, antes limitados a um território, passam a poder atingir dezenas de jurisdições. A partir desse introito, o objetivo dessa dissertação é oferecer ao leitor um quadro compreensivo da evolução da atuação das autoridades antitruste brasileiras na cooperação internacional de combate aos cartéis transnacionais, em termos normativos e na utilização na prática, considerando, sobretudo, o contexto do recente recrudescimento do instrumental persecutório das autoridades brasileiras de defesa da concorrência no combate às práticas anticompetitivas. Por meio de uma análise comparativa entre os acordos internacionais de cooperação mais sofisticados e os instrumentos cooperacionais existentes no Brasil à luz da sua florescente experiência, a dissertação procura identificar os elementos necessários para o aprofundamento da técnica cooperativa brasileira de combate aos cartéis transnacionais. Ou seja, intenta trazer elementos para a reflexão dos mecanismos cooperativos brasileiros para um combate mais efetivo à mais danosa infração à livre concorrência. Para tal análise comparativa, o centenário direito antitruste estadunidense é paradigma de direito estrangeiro, em especial porque alia a longa experiência jurídica nessa matéria a mecanismos bastante inovadores em relação ao sistema jurídico nacional. O presente trabalho tem também por escopo tratar dos principais temas que permeiam a discussão da cooperação internacional entre as agências de defesa da concorrência, passando pelo estudo dos conceitos de cooperação jurídica internacional; princípios do direito internacional público que regem a competência internacional dos Estados, incluindo a delimitação do escopo da cooperação em sede da aplicação extraterritorial do direito antitruste, noções de direito concorrencial, os instrumentos e mecanismos de cooperação internacional existentes, as melhores práticas, entre outros. Os desdobramentos das questões analisadas nesta reflexão se expressam em problemas jurídicos tanto de caráter geral quanto de ordem específica. De forma geral, impõe-se uma avaliação recapitulativa e analítica da natureza jurídica dos acordos de cooperação assinados pelo Brasil, de suas características e de sua utilização. Também se pretende avaliar o tratamento normativo dado aos cartéis e à questão da incidência extraterritorial da legislação antitruste brasileira e da legislação comparada, bem como do entendimento da jurisprudência (especialmente do CADE) sobre os principais temas que permeiam a pesquisa. No âmbito dos objetivos específicos, é necessário responder às seguintes perguntas: como a cooperação entre as agências de defesa da concorrência pode efetivamente auxiliar na aplicação de suas leis?; quais os limites e obstáculos dessa cooperação?; quais os tipos de cooperação disponíveis e quais deles fariam sentido para o Brasil na persecução de cartéis internacionais?; como o Brasil pode aperfeiçoar seu modelo jurídico-institucional de cooperação?The Antitrust Law faces today a true golden age in which international cooperation among antitrust authorities and its enforcement have reached levels never seen before. As a side effect of the \"globalization\", the phenomenon that marked the past few decades by the world expansion of the economy, it came along the internationalization of agreements among competitors to restrain competition. Prior to that, the so-called cartels had then a national dimension, but along with the globalization, they now operate at a worldwide scale in this new dynamic of the world economy. And, the damages to the market, which was before limited to a single territory, now, reach dozens of jurisdictions. With that preamble into consideration, the goal of the present dissertation is offering the reader a comprehensive picture of the evolution of the Brazilian antitrust authorities on international cooperation in the fight of transnational cartels, both, in normative terms and in practice. That picture is especially important in light of the context of the recently enhanced Brazilian authorities instrumental competition in combating anti-competitive practices. Through a comparative assessment between the more sophisticated cooperation international agreements and the Brazilian cooperational instruments, the dissertation attempts to identify the essentials for the improvement of the Brazilian cooperative techniques in combating transnational cartels. That is, it brings elements to the reflection of the Brazilian cooperative mechanisms for a more effective combat of such damaging infringement to free competition. For the elaboration of said comparative assessment, the centennial USA antitrust law is the foreign law paradigm chosen, in particular because it combines the long legal experience in the matter and fairly innovative mechanisms in relation to the Brazilian legal system. The present work also deals with the most relevant themes that permeate the discussion of international cooperation among antitrust agencies, such as, the study of concepts of international legal cooperation; the public international law principles which govern the international jurisdiction of the States, including the extraterritorial application of antitrust law, relevant notions of competition law, international instruments and existing mechanisms for cooperation, best practices, among others. The unfolding of these relevant matters which are examined in the herewith reflection are expressed in legal problems of both general and specific orders. Generally, the work presents a summary and an analytical assessment of the legal nature of the cooperation agreements signed by Brazil, its characteristics, and its use. The work also aims at evaluating the regulatory treatment given to cartels and at addressing the question of the extraterritorial application of the Brazilian antitrust legislation and of comparative law, as well as at understanding the national case law (especially of CADE) on the main matters. With the specific objectives in mind, the present work deems necessary to respond to the following questions: How cooperation among the antitrust agencies can effectively enforce competition laws? What are the limits and obstacles of this cooperation? What types of cooperation are available and which ones make sense for Brazil in the prosecution of international cartels? How can Brazil enhance its legal and institutional model of cooperation?
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Venter, Sahm. "The safety of journalists an assessment of perceptions of the origins and implementation of policy at two international television news agencies /." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2005. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/213/.
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Khalil, Doris Deedei. "A study of four international donor agencies : their role and influence in decision-making and health policy in Ghana from 1983-1995." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343997.
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Kambites, Mukebezi Sarah. "Non-governmental organizations as partnering agencies : a case study of the relationship between Canadian NGOs with CIDA and Kenyan local groups." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28928.
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This study explores the notion of partnership as an approach to long-term sustainable development in Africa, by examining relationships Canadian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) forge with their donors and with counterpart NGOs in developing countries. A case study methodology was used to examine how Canadian NGOs in general, and CARE Canada in particular, work in partnership with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), and Kenyan local NGOs. The findings indicate that the development themes and agendas of the past three development decades are reflected in the activities and programs of Canadian NGOs. However, very little was learned about the contribution of partnership to African development. CARE Canada's partnership relations seem to be guided by the development priorities of funding agencies such as CIDA, which dictate how CARE relates to its Kenyan partners. Partnership seems only to facilitate an environment for dialogue between organizations, concerning needs, constraints and fiscal accountability. The study proposes that further research on the concept of development partnerships needs to be carried out in-depth to determine how this model can be used in building capacities of African organizations.
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Pereira, Demetrius Cesario. "União Europeia : a politica externa e de segurança comum em um mundo unipolar." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281929.
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Orientador: Sebastião Carlos Velasco e CruzDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T06:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_DemetriusCesario_M.pdf: 764027 bytes, checksum: b9a8c5e7343e7ce9113c81502fe47e94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Esta dissertação pretende analisar a influência do sistema internacional após a Guerra Fria no regionalismo europeu por meio do estudo da Política Externa e de Segurança Comum (PESC) da União Européia (UE). No trabalho, procurou-se apresentar as teorias sistêmicas de integração regional, concentrando-se na perspectiva neo-realista para a análise da PESC. A partir daí, contextualiza-se o cenário mundial e regional, para então inserir o estudo da PESC na análise. Estudou-se também as discussões que levaram à criação da PESC pelo Tratado de Maastricht, com a análise das posições dos três principais países envolvidos na negociação, Alemanha, França e Reino Unido, para depois examinar suas características e evoluções. Assim, o trabalho relaciona os avanços e retrocessos da PESC com as previsões feitas pelos teóricos realistas, avaliando a validade de seus argumentos e tecendo cenários futuros com o auxílio da teoria, especialmente em relação à independência de uma política externa européia em relação aos EUA e à OTAN
Abstract: This paper is an analysis of the post-Cold War international system in the European regionalism through the study of the Common Foreign and Security Polity (CFSP) of the European Union (UE). The regional integration systemic theories are presented, concentrating in the neorealist perspective to the analysis of CFSP. From this starting point, the global and regional scenarios are contextualized, and then the study of the CFSP is inserted. It was also studied the discussions that led to the creation of CFSP by the Maastricht Treaty, along with the analysis of the positions of the three main countries involved in the negotiation, Germany, France and United Kingdom, to then examine its characteristics and evolutions. The paper correlates advances and backlashes of the CFSP with the previsions made by the realist scholars, evaluating the validity of their arguments and building future scenarios with the aid of theory, especially in relation to the independence of a European foreign policy in relation to the US and NATO
Mestrado
Mestre em Relações Internacionais
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Alzahrani, Mojib Othman. "Quality in Saudi advertising design." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1902.
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This research investigates reasons for differences in quality between advertisements created by local and international advertising agencies operating in Saudi Arabia. It focuses on the investment in, and use of, computer technology as a factor in creating these differences, along with other factors such as work practices, skills, organizational structure, education and design strategies.The objectives of this research are to identify the causes of differences in quality of advertising design outputs between local agencies and international advertising agencies operating in Saudi Arabia; to compare the advertising design processes, practices, resources and difficulties of local and international advertising agencies; and to identify strategies that may improve the quality of local advertising design.The research uses a multi-method approach, using both questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to collect data from 223 professionals working in the field of advertising design in four major cities in Saudi Arabia (Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam and Khamis Mushait). Participants were selected to provide a balance between local and international advertising agencies. These data confirm that advertisements created by local advertising agencies are commonly considered lower in quality than those of international agencies; it also quantifies participants’ understanding of the reasons for the differences. These reasons, rarely operating alone, include the skill of local staff in using modern computer technology and design software; weaknesses in professional processes and business structures; insufficient design education and training of local designers; limited investment of financial resources in local agencies in terms of technology, management and employment; low investment in novel ideas and concepts; and over-involvement of clients in creative processes.Several strategies and policies to improve the quality and strength of the local advertising industry are identified. In particular, improve the take up and use high performance computer hardware and appropriate professional design software in the field of local advertising; this research also identifies the importance of improving Saudi design education and training, with particular note made of the lack of training in this field for males in Saudi universities. Local Saudi media have a significant role to play in helping to improve visual cultural awareness in Saudi Arabian society. This research offers insights and suggestions that will have positive benefits for local advertising agencies and their clients.
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Dold, Beat. "Vertragliche und ausservertragliche Verantwortlichkeit im Recht der internationalen Organisationen /." Zürich [u.a.] : Schulthess, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/512948941.pdf.
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Haftel, Ze'ev Yoram. "Violent conflict and regional institutionalization a virtuous circle? /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1100545075.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 307 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-307).
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Serwornoo, Michael Yao Wodui [Verfasser], Barbara [Gutachter] Thomaß, and Susanne [Gutachter] Fengler. "Africa’s image in the Ghanaian press : the influence of international news agencies / Michael Yao Wodui Serwornoo ; Gutachter: Barbara Thomaß, Susanne Fengler ; Fakultät für Philologie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169397271/34.
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Cogua-Lopez, Jasney E. "Through the Prisms of Gender and Power: Agency in International Courtship between Colombian Women and American Men." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/146.
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Since 1999 Colombia has experienced dramatic increases in emigration, particularly the emigration of women towards the U.S. as fiancées of U.S. citizens or residents. Parallel to this trend is the increased number of websites facilitating these Colombian-American matches. This dissertation investigates the agency of Colombian women and American men who pursue romantic courtship through the services of International Marriage Brokers (IMBs) from the “Gendered Geographies of Power” (GGP) framework of analysis. It examines how both groups’ social locations, their positioning in multiple axes of differentiation including gender, nationality and social class, affects how and why they exert their agency across and within different geographic scales. Most importantly, it investigates the role the imagination plays (imagination work) in both men and women’s agency, an aspect of the GGP framework that has been under-researched and theorized to date. The research also finds that this imagination work is promoted and cultivated in deeply gendered ways by IMBs seeking to profit off this transnational courtship. Employing data collected via interviews and content analysis of IMBs’ websites, the dissertation analyzes comparatively the expectations each group (women, men and IMBs) bring to their imagination work and experiences of the courtship marketplace. A central question posed and answered in the dissertation is “What do women and men courting each other in cyberspace seek and do they find it?” The dissertation finds that the men seek “traditional” women and the women seek “liberated” less “macho” men. Ironically, the men find Colombian women who are among the most “liberated” women in their homeland but who downplay this aspect of themselves in order to strategically find a more modern man and migrate abroad where they expect to find greater personal and professional opportunities.
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Wilke, Corvin Jamie Antoinette. "The role of organizational culture in the delivery of humanitarian assistance and inter-organizational collaboration." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001653.
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Weiss, John A. "The Aid paradigm for poverty reduction: Does it make sense?" Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the ODI, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2810.
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YesWhilst thinking on economic policy for development has undergone many shifts with the perceived weak results of earlier adjustment reforms a new donor consensus has emerged based around the central themes of economic growth, good governance and social development. This paper examines the logic behind this new Aid paradigm and discusses the empirical evidence to support it. A nuanced story is revealed with country circumstances playing a critical role and particular interventions varying in impact across countries. For example, growth does not always lead to gains for the poor that match the national average; public expenditure needs to be targeted to achieve social development but effective targeting is difficult; governance reform may be critical but there is no simple governance blueprint and the corruption-growth association need not always be negative.
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Thornberg, Jack. "Distant Suffering : A multimodal analysis of the politics of pity in news agencies’ mediation of the chemical weapons attack on Khan Sheikhoun." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7014.
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This thesis explores of how American and British television mediated the crisis that started with the 4 April 2017 alleged chemical attack in Syria and culminated with the subsequent attack on Syria by the United States 7 April 2017. It builds upon a rich literature and focuses on the politics of pity in the mediated representation of distant suffering as set out by Luc Boltanski. The thesis utilizes a methodological approach which merges Lilie Chouliaraki’s ‘analytics of mediation’ with Roxanne Lynn Doty’s view of discourse analysis. The results find that CNNW mediated the distant suffering based on ostensibly a priori knowledge, whereas BBC News was more inclined to guide the spectators along a line of investigative reasoning.
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Junior, Manuel Guilherme. "The legal-economic relationship between Bretton Woods institutions and World Trade Organization in the modern era of globalization : the challenges and impacts for the developing countries." Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1880401.
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Tshirado, Nkhumbudzeni Maskew. "Information orientation of a public organisation : a qualitative case study of the information orientation in the Department of International Relations and Cooperation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80348.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the New Information Economy, government institutions must reorganise themselves to leverage their resources for sustainable growth and to compete in the global market place. According to some authors, successful organisations tend to be those that rely on their ability to innovate, use information constructively and leverage employee competencies to create sustainable growth rather than focusing on buildings and machines. In this research, the effective use of an Information Orientation Strategy for the improvement of service delivery in the South African government departments and in the Department of International Relations and Cooperation in particular, will be investigated. Some private organisations and a few public organisations have learned to use information effectively to achieve higher business performance. However, a sizeable number of public organisations are still operating within the paradigm of the old economy. The latter organisations, through their leadership, must learn to ensure that information is used to compete effectively throughout the organisation. They must start to collect information about the activities of their: competitors, clients and alliance partners in order to improve services, grow partnerships, and to respond to clients and customers in a more intelligent and speedier manner. The change in the effective use of information in an organisation starts at the top - that is, with the mindset and attitude of senior management. They need to start viewing information as a valuable resource which through interaction with information capabilities, form an information orientation (IO), which can predict and improve business performance. In order to attain a mature IO, an organisation must concurrently improve all the dimensions of the IO paradigm, namely: information management practices, information technology practices and information behaviours and values. The drive to a mature IO must be people-centred, to ensure that such people are predisposed to a culture of proactive use of information and sharing. This requires leadership to: develop corporate information values and behavioural norms; demonstrate such information behaviours in conducting their duties; provide competency training for improving skills and knowledge and link the two to performance management; introduce incentives and monetary and non-monetary rewards to reinforce the new values. This, in turn, will pave the way for the implementation of good information management practices and the use of information technology to support new initiatives. An organisation, by following this path, will be able to attain a higher IO and from this, an improved level of business performance such as: a superior organisational image and reputation, better service innovation, superior financial performance and greater business/service growth. The transition to the IO paradigm must commence with leadership providing an overarching information strategy to map out how the organisation intends to create value from its information-based assets. In the process of developing an information strategy, senior management must, amongst other aspects, evaluate the organisation’s strategic and capability mix, review the relationships between the strategic priorities and information capabilities, and determine how they will replace some of the traditional/outdated organisation capabilities and to implement an informationcapabilities maximisation effect. Most importantly, it must set the agenda for action and ensure its implementation and renewal. Information, as an important resource for an organisation, requires a strategy of its own. It is no longer feasible in the New Information Economy to manage successfully without a fully integrated information strategy on how an organisation will generate value from its information assets.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die Nuwe Informasie Ekonomie word daar van organisasies verwag om hulself te herorganiseer om sodoende die hefboom effek van hul hulpbronne in die globale mark omgewing optimaal te benut vir ‘n kompeterende voordeel. Volgens sommige skrywers, word suksesvolle organisasies gekenmerk as diesulkes wat voortdurend staatmaak op hul vermoëns om te innoveer, om informasie konstruktief te gebruik en om hul werknemer bevoeghede te hefboom om volhoubare groei te bewerkstellig eerder as om staat te maak op geboue en masjinerie. Sommige private sektor organisasies en ‘n klein aantal publieke sektor organisasies het al geleer om beter besigheidsprestasie te bereik deur informasie effektief te gebruik. Daar is egter nog ‘n groot aantal publieke sektor organisasies wat nog steeds hul besigheid bedryf binne die paradigma van die ou ekonomie. Laasgenoemde organisasies moet deur beter leierskap leer om informasie regdeur die organisasie vlakke te gebruik om effektief te kan meeding. Hulle moet begin deur informasie te versamel oor die aktiwiteite van hulle konkurente, kliënte en alliansie vennote om sodoende beter dienslewering te verseker en om vennootskappe met kliente te groei vir die ontwikkeling van slimmer en vinniger metodes. Die verandering na ‘n fokus op die effektiewe gebruik van informasie in ‘n organisasie begin bo, m.a.w. die houding en ingesteldheid van senior bestuur t.o.v. informasie gebruik. Dit is nodig dat hierdie sektor, toenemend informasie as ‘n waardevolle hulpbron, waardeur interaksie met informasie vermoëns, ‘n informasie oriëntasie (IO), wat prestasie kan voorspel en verbeter, gevestig kan word. Vir ‘n organisasie om ‘n volwasse IO te bereik, moet so ‘n organisasie gelykmatig aan al die dimensies van die IO paradigma, naamlik, goeie informasie bestuurs praktyk, goeie informasie tegnologie praktyk en goeie gedrag en waardes t.o.v. informasie, voldoen. Die strewe na IO volwassenheid moet egter mens-gesentreerd wees, om te verseker dat werknemers van ‘n organisasie voortdurend bedag sal wees op ‘n pro-aktiewe kultuur t.o.v. die gebruik en verdeling van informasie. Om dit te kan vermag sal leierskap benodig word wat, ko-operatiewe informasie waardes en gedrag in die uitvoering van pligte beklemtoon; wat bevoegdheidsopleiding vir die verbetering van bedrewenheid en kennis sal voorsien; wat koppeling met prestasie van voorafgaande sal instel en wat insentiewe en vergoeding, beide finansieel en nie-finansieel, vir die uitleef van die nuwe waardes sal aanbied. Op sy beurt sal dit die weg baan vir die implementering van goeie informasie bestuurspraktyk en die gebruik van goeie informasie tegnologie om steun te gee aan die nuwe inisiatiewe, bewerkstellig.‘n Organisasie wat hierdie strategie volg om ‘n beter IO en ‘n beter besigheidsprestasie te behaal sal dan daadwerklik ook ‘n superieure organisasie beeld en reputasie, beter dienslewerings innovasie en beter besigheidsgroei demonstreer. Die oorgang na die IO paradigma moet by leierskap begin; leierskap wat ‘n oorhoofse informasie strategie, wat aandui hoe die organisasie van plan is om hierdie waarde uit sy informasie-gebaseerde bates te kan skep, daar sal stel. Gedurende die informasie strategie ontwikkelings proses moet senior bestuur onder andere die organisasie se strategiese vermoëns mengsel evalueer en die verwantskappe tussen die strategiese prioriteite en die informasie bevoegdheid evalueer en dan bepaal hoe hulle van die tradisionele/uitgediende vermoëns gaan vervang om ‘n informasie vermoënsmaksimaliserings effek te verkry. Baie belangrik is die daarstelling van ‘n agenda vir aksie en om die implementering vir hernuwing daarvan te verseker. Kortliks gestel, informasie as ‘n belangrike hulpbron en bate vir die organisasie verdien ‘n strategie van sy eie. Dit is nie meer moontlik om in die era van die Nuwe Ekonomie suksesvol te bestuur sonder om ‘n geïntegreerde strategie van hoe die organisasie waarde uit sy informasie bates wil genereer daar te stel nie. In hierdie navorsing word die effektiewe gebruik van ‘n informasie oriëntasie strategie vir die verbetering van dienslewering in die Suid Afrikaanse publieke sektor in die algemeen en in die Department of International Relations and Cooperation, meer spesifiek, ondersoek.
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Clerie, Isabelle. "Considerations for Global Development and Impact using Haiti as a Case Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062914/.
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As the world becomes more connected, issues surrounding sustainable development are coming to the fore of global discussions. This is exemplified in strategies such as the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), released in 2015, which created a framework for global development that defines specific goals for issues like poverty, climate change, and social justice. To complement the analysis that went into defining the SDGs, capital allocations around the world are becoming more impact focused so that the paradigm of development is shifting from donations to impact investments. The push for impact, however, has led to a homogenization of global challenges like reproductive health and poverty. This, in turn, has led to a standardization of information resulting in agencies designing interventions based on data and information that is misguided because of incorrect assumptions about a specific context. This paper explores how the decision-making mechanisms of global development agencies and investors could apply more anthropological processes to mitigate negative impact. As the development sector becomes more and more standardized, anthropologists can act as translators between affected communities and the institutions deciding how best to help them.