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Journal articles on the topic 'International agencies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Drush, Pavel Sergeevich, and Mikhail Vyacheslavovich Tyurkin. "TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION AGENCIES." Век информации (сетевое издание) 4, no. 4(13) (September 30, 2020): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33941/age-info.com44(13)7.

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The functions of the IA system are provided by its structure. The development of the structure is associated with the emergence of new components, formats, structural links, the expansion of specialization and integration, an increase in the number of multi-format materials and the creation of interactive services. The regulator of structural ties in the system today is the presence of market relations and competition. This also determines the typology of modern information Internet agencies. Their division according to various criteria (territorial characteristics, specialization, etc.) is a necessary condition for the formation of a full-fledged system. Constant changes at different levels of this global mechanism indicate that the process is not yet complete. Network agencies continue to experiment with the format and develop the technological capabilities of their own Internet resources.

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2

Mbaya, Nancy. "International News Agencies: A History." European Journal of Communication 36, no. 1 (February 2021): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323120987121.

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3

Drush, Pavel Sergeevich, and Mikhail Vyacheslavovich Tyurkin. "TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION AGENCIES." Век информации (сетевое издание) 4, no. 4(13) (September 30, 2020): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33941/age-info.com44(13)7.

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The functions of the IA system are provided by its structure. The development of the structure is associated with the emergence of new components, formats, structural links, the expansion of specialization and integration, an increase in the number of multi-format materials and the creation of interactive services. The regulator of structural ties in the system today is the presence of market relations and competition. This also determines the typology of modern information Internet agencies. Their division according to various criteria (territorial characteristics, specialization, etc.) is a necessary condition for the formation of a full-fledged system. Constant changes at different levels of this global mechanism indicate that the process is not yet complete. Network agencies continue to experiment with the format and develop the technological capabilities of their own Internet resources.

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4

Potter, Simon J. "International News Agencies: A History." Media History 28, no. 1 (November 18, 2021): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2021.2003128.

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5

Umhau, Tricia H., John C. Umhau, and Russell E. Morgan. "National and International Health Agencies." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 5, no. 2 (June 1991): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5520(20)30733-9.

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6

Boyd-Barrett, Oliver. "National and International News Agencies." Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) 62, no. 1 (February 2000): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0016549200062001001.

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Zivanovic, Katarina. "International Cooperation of Intelligence Agencies against Transnational Terrorist Targets." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 08, no. 1 (2008): 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.08.1.05.

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8

Dewhurst, Elaine. "Agencies of Slavery: The Exploitation of Migrant Workers by Recruitment Agencies." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 13, no. 2 (March 2007): 377–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v13.i2.4.

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This paper has been led by the desire to reinstate the concept of real consent back into the discourse on migration and the recruitment process. An examination of the concept of recruitment for employ ment and of recruitment agencies will reveal the important role such intermediaries play in the international migration process. This will be followed by a brief description of both the international and national regulations presently governing recruitment agencies. The experience of Ireland and its recent unique encounters with international migration for employment will be used as a case study to demonstrate the types of obstacles that prevent real consensual recruitment for employment. The lack of regulation at an international and national level causes these obstacles. It is this author's opinion that certain measures are more effective than international action in this regard due to the inevitable flexibility and compromise inherent in international law. It is only when such obstacles are removed that real consent can finally be reinstated back into the lives of those migrating for employment, allowing the development of an open, transparent, and exploitation free recruitment process.

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Jang, Won Yong, and Edward Frederick. "International media framing." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 27, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.27.2.04jan.

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Abstract The relationship between Japan and South Korea has been particularly tumultuous in recent years. One of the major sources of unrest is the unresolved Dokdo (a.k.a. Takeshima) issue. This study examines the framing of the issue by four international news agencies. It explores whether international news agencies from different countries would frame the issue differently. Results suggest that the news agencies frame the issue differently depending on the agencies’ country of origin.

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10

Groenleer, Martijn, and Simone Gabbi. "Regulatory Agencies of the European Union as International Actors." European Journal of Risk Regulation 4, no. 4 (December 2013): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00003111.

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EU agencies, such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), are usually created in an environment that is replete with other organizations, not only other European bodies and member state agencies, but also international organizations and third country agencies. Through their interactionwith EUagencies, these international organizations and third country agencies may affect policies, policymaking processes, institutions and behaviour in the EU and its member states. But EU agencies do not necessarily serve as passive channels for the interaction between international organizations and third country agencies, on the one hand, and the EU institutions, on the other hand. They often seem to play an active role as policy entrepreneurs,making use of the opportunities offered by the policies and policymaking processes of these organizations and agencies to influence institutions and behaviour in the EU and its member states. The above raises the question of what international role EFSA actually has performed: has it, despite the formal-legal restrictions put in place by the EU institutions, been able to act relatively autonomously at the international level? In order to address this question, this article examines EFSA's international relations, notably those with international organizations and third country agencies in its field of action. It adopts a dynamic perspective, describing these relations throughout the agency's development. The article demonstrates that EFSA has developed a considerable international role, despite the relatively limited scope of action allowed by its legal framework, and shows that this development has been driven by both functional needs and strategic motives.

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Acharya, Shuvan. "International Agencies Affecting the Business Law." Pravaha 25, no. 1 (October 12, 2020): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pravaha.v25i1.31965.

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International Business Law (IBL) is the law that has been deliberately working to bring the peace and justice all around the world. IBL is the grass or the parent platform that provides guideline and expertise to develop the national business law. As every country have their own set of laws with own set of rules andregulations.IBL helps to bring together with the rules and regulations that has-been built up by the incorporation and taking in the consideration of the entire world in one. It helps to bring in the individuality and makes the system easier to understand and incorporate the system in one another. IBL having the influence in the national laws plays a significant role and it is necessary for it to take all of the considerations in account while IBL encompasses all the necessary voices for the international organizations; it is equally necessary for them to take account of each laws and formation of the new laws.

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12

Bhatt, Arun. "International regulatory agencies: Indian clinical trials." Perspectives in Clinical Research 2, no. 1 (2011): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.76290.

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13

Hollander, Astrid. "The Perspectives of the International Agencies." PROSPECTS 35, no. 3 (September 2005): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11125-005-4270-4.

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14

Higgins, Susan, and John Ryans. "EC–92 and International Advertising Agencies." International Journal of Advertising 10, no. 4 (January 1991): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02650487.1991.11104464.

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15

Foster, George M. "Bureaucratic aspects of international health agencies." Social Science & Medicine 25, no. 9 (January 1987): 1039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(87)90009-8.

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16

Loja, Melissa. "International Agreements Between Nonstate Actors as a Source of International Law." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 112 (2018): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.9.

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International issues that are resolved traditionally through agreements between states are managed currently through agreements between government agencies and corporate entities. Government agencies and corporate entities are nonstate actors that have no formal capacity to engage in international lawmaking. Are their international agreements a source of international law?

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17

Cole, Sam. "World Economy Forecasts and the International Agencies." International Studies Quarterly 31, no. 4 (December 1987): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2600527.

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18

Stambach, Amy, Katherine Marshall, Matthew J. Nelson, Liviu Andreescu, Aikande C. Kwayu, Philip Wexler, Yotam Hotam, Shlomo Fischer, and Hassan El Bilawi. "Religion, Education, and Secularism in International Agencies." Comparative Education Review 55, no. 1 (February 2011): 111–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/657650.

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19

Jalal, Kazi. "International Agencies and The Asia-Pacific Environment." Environmental Science & Technology 27, no. 12 (November 1993): 2276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00048a601.

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20

Schusterschitz, Gregor. "European Agencies as Subjects of International Law." International Organizations Law Review 1, no. 1 (2004): 163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572374043242367.

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21

Karminsky, Alexander M., and Ella Khromova. "Modelling banks’ credit ratings of international agencies." Eurasian Economic Review 6, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40822-016-0058-5.

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22

عطية مرسال, صابرين, and اشرف سمير الميداني. "Analytical Study of International Sports Management Agencies." المجلة العلمية للتربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة. جامعة حلوان 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jsbsh.2014.366684.

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23

MONKAM, NARA F. "International donor agencies’ incentive structures and foreign aid effectiveness." Journal of Institutional Economics 8, no. 3 (July 11, 2012): 399–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137412000069.

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Abstract:This paper examines in depth one of the potential causes of the low performance of foreign aid; in particular, the role incentive structures within international donor agencies could play in leading to ‘a push’ to disburse money. This pressure to disburse money is termed as the ‘Money-Moving Syndrome’ (MMS). The theoretical analysis in this paper relies on the principal–agent theory to explore how donor agencies' institutional incentive systems may affect the characteristics of an optimal and efficient incentive contract and thus give rise to the MMS. The basic framework of the principal–agent theory was innovatively adapted to fit the organizational settings of donor agencies. The model concludes that the extent to which a performance measure based on the amount of aid allocated within a specific period of time would lead to the MMS and affect aid effectiveness depends on the level of ‘institutional imperatives’, the degree of aid agency's accountability for effectiveness, the level of corruption in recipient countries and the degree of difficulty to evaluate development activities.

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24

Coman-Kund, Florin. "The International Dimension of the EU Agencies: Framing a Growing Legal-Institutional Phenomenon." European Foreign Affairs Review 23, Issue 1 (February 1, 2018): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2018006.

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International cooperation has become a salient feature of EU agencies triggering important legal questions regarding the scope and limits of the agencies’ international dimension, the nature and effects of their international cooperation instruments, and their legal status within the EU and on the global level. This article examines the international dimension of EU agencies by advancing a legalanalytical blueprint linking EU law to international public law. The principle of institutional balance and the Meroni doctrine are used as EU law parameters for assessing the agencies’ international cooperation mandate, powers and actions, whilst the concepts of ‘international agreement’ and ‘international legal personality’ serve as standards for clarifying the legal nature of EU agencies’ international cooperation instruments and their legal status as global actors. Case studies on the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol ‘test on the ground’ the legal-analytical framework advanced and offer fresh insights into the EU agencies’ international cooperation practice. Whilst the institutional balance in EU external relations does not prohibit entrusting certain international cooperation tasks to EU agencies, the application of the Meroni requirements suggests a limited role for these EU bodies as global actors. Next, the international cooperation instruments concluded by EU agencies can be legally binding agreements which, as a specific category of technical-administrative agreements, could still be accommodated within the EU legal framework. Albeit EU agencies could acquire in theory a derived and functionally limited international legal personality, none of the three agencies examined has such a legal status entailing that their international cooperation actions are in principle attributable to the Union.

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Dalmiya, Nita, and Werner Schultink. "Combating Hidden Hunger: The Role of International Agencies." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 24, no. 4_suppl_1 (January 2003): S69—S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265030244s103.

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The importance of micronutrient deficiencies or “hidden hunger” was clearly emphasized by the inclusion of specific goals on iron, vitamin A, and iodine deficiency at the 1990 World Summit for Children and other major international nutrition conferences. Significant progress has since been made toward eliminating vitamin A and iodine deficiencies, with less progress made toward reducing the burden of iron-deficiency anemia. The role of international agencies, such as the World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, Food and Agricultural Organization, and World Bank in assisting countries to make progress toward the World Summit for Children goals has been very important. International agencies have played a critical role in advocating for and raising awareness of these issues at the international, regional, and national levels among policymakers and the general population. Using a rights-based approach, UNICEF and other agencies have been instrumental in elevating to the highest political level the discussion of every child's right to adequate nutrition. International agencies have also been very supportive at the national level in providing technical guidance for programs, including monitoring and evaluation. These agencies have played a critical role in engaging the cooperation of other partners, including bilateral donors, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector for micronutrient programs. Furthermore, international agencies provide financial and material support for micronutrient programs. In the future, such agencies must continue to be heavily involved in programs to achieve the newly confirmed goals for 2010. The present paper focuses on the role of international agencies in combating micronutrient deficiencies, drawing on the lessons learned over the last decade. The first section of the paper summarizes the progress achieved since 1990, and the second section describes the specific role of international agencies in contributing to that progress.

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van Eck, Stefan. "Employment Agencies: International Norms and Developments in South Africa." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 28, Issue 1 (March 1, 2012): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2012003.

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South Africa is in the process of introducing new policies regarding the regulation of employment agencies. The International Labour Organization (ILO) has been concerned about the regulation of employment agencies since 1919. In South Africa, it is evident that workers placed by employment agencies are worse off than their counterparts who are directly employed by the employer. Should employment agencies be prohibited or should the industry be regulated? Towards the end of 2010, South Africa published amendments to its labour legislation that suggested that a ban be placed on employment agencies. The goals of this contribution are: to traverse the development of international standards in respect of employment agencies; to compare the regulation of employment agencies in South Africa and Namibia; and to determine whether the Private Employment Agencies Convention 1997 (No. 181) has played a meaningful role in influencing the current discourse in Southern Africa despite the fact that this convention has not been adopted. In this contribution, it is argued that a prohibition of employment agencies would contravene international standards. Even though the ILO convention dealing with employment agencies has not been adopted, it already had an influence on developments in Southern Africa. Arguments in favour of the banning of employment agencies have been placed on hold for the moment.

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Martelli, Francesco, Giuseppe La Torre, Elena Di Ghionno, Tommaso Staniscia, Massimo Neroni, Americo Cicchetti, Konrade Von Bremen, and Walter Ricciardi. "Health technology assessment agencies: An international overview of organizational aspects." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 23, no. 4 (October 2007): 414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646230707064x.

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Objectives:The aim of the study is to make an international comparison of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Agencies, to show their similarities and differences.Methods:An e-mail questionnaire was sent to thirty HTA agencies internationally. Questions related to the structure of the agency, the relationship with health-related institutions, the prescriptiveness of the decisions taken, the main core and the modalities to spread the assessment, and the type of funding.Results:Twenty-four HTA Agencies answered the questionnaire: 25 percent in America, 4.2 percent in Australia, and 70.8 percent in Europe. Fifty-four percent of HTA Agencies are governmental institutions (83.3 percent have central government funding), while 62.5 percent have relationships with health-related governmental institutions. Of the agencies, 87 percent reported that their decisions are not prescriptive, while for 20.8 percent and 8.3 percent of them stated that this was the case totally or partially, respectively, especially for the governmental and American Agencies. Seventeen agencies (70.8 percent) declared their work on multiannual programs (77 percent of the governmental HTA Agencies and 100 percent of the American ones). The assessments mainly addressed diagnostic procedures (85.7 percent) and pharmaceuticals (25 percent). The most common way to disseminate results is by means of paper report (91.7 percent), followed by the Internet (16.7 percent), and seminars to expert audiences (12.5 percent).Conclusions:The comparative analysis of HTA Agencies showed that governmental and American Agencies have a profound impact on the prescriptiveness of their assessment, and this could be linked to the fact that these types of Agencies work on multiannual programs. European and American HTA Agencies have many similarities in terms of type of assessment, funding, and dissemination of results.

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Neal, Richard A. "The role of international development agencies in aquaculture." Food Reviews International 6, no. 3 (January 1990): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559129009540880.

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29

Surm, Jasmin. "AFP, EFE and dpa as international news agencies." Journalism 21, no. 12 (November 13, 2019): 1859–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884919883491.

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While earlier news agency studies have often concentrated on Reuters in the United Kingdom (now in Canada) and on the Associated Press in the United States as the leading international news agencies, there is less up-to-date research in English on international agencies outside the Anglo-American sphere. This article intends to help bridge that research gap and to analyse the recent development of Agence France-Presse in France, EFE in Spain and Deutsche Presse-Agentur in Germany. The article uses a case study approach, employing in-depth interviews with agency representatives. The results of the analysis show that all three agencies fulfil the criteria for an international agency. However, to do so, they all not only need a large domestic market, together with linguistic and cultural markets outside their home countries, but also state support, in case of Agence France-Presse and EFE. The findings emphasize the relevance of diversification and innovation in response to the changing structure and demands of national and international markets.

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30

Benn, Hilary. "The Role of Government and the International Agencies." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, S1 (April 2005): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0001342x.

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31

Dalmiya, Nita, and Werner Schultink. "Combating Hidden Hunger: The Role of International Agencies." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 24, no. 4_suppl2 (October 2003): S69—S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265030244s203.

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32

Francis, Ronald D., and Anona Armstrong. "Corruption and whistleblowing in international humanitarian aid agencies." Journal of Financial Crime 18, no. 4 (October 11, 2011): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13590791111173678.

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33

Posey, Kristen Boyd, Deborah Yarborough Layden, and Barbara L. Neuby. "Word of mouth marketing and international adoption agencies." International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing 6, no. 2 (August 28, 2009): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12208-009-0037-6.

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34

Lewis, Chris. "Crime and Justice Statistics Collected by International Agencies." European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 18, no. 1 (November 10, 2011): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10610-011-9164-9.

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35

Orator, Andreas. "Völkerrechtspersönlichkeit von EU-Agenturen?" Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht 72, no. 2 (2017): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33196/zoer201702027101.

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36

Baekkeskov, Erik. "Reputation-Seeking by a Government Agency in Europe." Administration & Society 49, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 163–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399714528177.

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Reputation-seeking can explain some decisions of U.S. federal agencies. However, it has remained unclear whether it could be used in the European context where agencies have proliferated in national and regional governance in the past few decades. This article shows that reputation-seeking can occur at autonomous agencies in the European context. A unique participant-observational study of an international public health agency acting in response to the 2009 H1N1 “swine” influenza pandemic provides bases for this conclusion. It adds empirical support for the proposition using real-time observations of and in-depth interviews on the agency’s decision-making processes.

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37

Duan, Hongshan. "Interactions Between United Nations Organs and Agencies and International Law." Communications in Humanities Research 13, no. 1 (November 20, 2023): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/13/20230389.

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During the past 10 to 15 years, international society has been strongly connected to and guided by the system under United Nations (UN) six main organs and countless agencies. With international order being challenged and re-established during these years, the mechanism of United Nations organs and agencies are usually viewed under International Law perspectives. The operating routine of the UN and International Law was somehow connected especially in the way of the decision-making process and decision-making results (i.e. Conventions, Resolutions). The article took an analytical and comparative view regarding the UN system and International Law and innovatively pointed out the current dilemma between those two entities. The article naturally draws out the drafting and the settlement of International Law. The process surely sped up the development of UN organs and agencies and reversely the UN system boosted the loopholes and the lay-backs of International Law consecutively. Also, the author spotted that with the leading roles of the United Nations Security Council and the International Court of Justice under International Law, there is still a long path to mend the relationship established between UN organs and International Law. It is valuable to examine the UN organs and agencies underneath International Law. The consensus-oriented mechanism of the UN will surely match the true essence of liberty of contract in International Law.

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Packer, Claire, Sue Simpson, and Rosimary Terezinha de Almeida. "EUROSCAN INTERNATIONAL NETWORK MEMBER AGENCIES: THEIR STRUCTURE, PROCESSES, AND OUTPUTS." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 31, no. 1-2 (2015): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462315000100.

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Objectives: The EuroScan International Network is a global network of publicly funded early awareness and alert (EAA) systems for health technologies. We describe the EuroScan member agency systems and methods, and highlight the potential for increased collaboration.Methods: EuroScan members completed postal questionnaires supplemented with telephone interviews in 2012 to elicit additional information and check equivalence of responses. Information was updated between March and May 2013.Results: Fifteen of the seventeen member agencies responded. The principal purpose of agencies is to inform decisions on coverage or reimbursement of health services and decisions on undertaking secondary research. The main users of information are national governments; health professionals; health services purchasers, commissioners, and decision makers; and healthcare providers. Most EuroScan agencies are small with almost half having fewer than two whole time equivalent staff. Ten agencies use both active and passive identification approaches, four use only active approaches. Most start identification in the experimental or investigational stages of the technology life cycle. All agencies assessed technologies when they are between the investigational and established, but under diffusion stages. Barriers to collaboration revolve around different system aims, purposes, and requirements; a lack of staff, finance, or opportunity; language differences; and restrictions on dissemination.Conclusions: Although many barriers to collaboration were identified, the majority of agencies were supportive of increased collaboration either involving the whole EuroScan Network or between individual agencies. Despite differences in the detailed identification processes, members thought that this was the most feasible phase to develop additional collaboration.

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Steves, F. "Poland and the international system: external influences on democratic consolidation." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(01)00012-5.

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Democratization in Poland has been heavily influenced by agents and structures external to the Polish state. However, the influence of these external agencies is mediated through domestic social and political institutions, the state foremost among them. The Polish state’s response to and interaction with external agencies is heavily conditioned by the very process of democratization which these agencies seek to influence. Thus, the impact of external agencies on the democratic consolidation process cannot be understood without reference to the influence that democratization has played in reshaping Poland’s foreign relations. This paper explains the interaction between systemic and domestic factors in shaping the democratic consolidation process in Poland.

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40

Zieliński, Marek. "European Agencies’ Headquarters Agreements." Polish Review of International and European Law 6, no. 1 (September 4, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/priel.2017.6.1.01.

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The article examines headquarters agreements concluded by European Agencies (EA) with EU host Member States. This sort of agreement is increasingly visible in practice, as it regulates the status of EAs present within a host state territory. After presenting a list of existing headquarters agreements and describing their content, the article analyses the legal bases for their conclusion. Finally, the legal character of EU agencies’ headquarters agreements, and the position occupied by them within the sources of EU law, are explained. The author considers three possible options regarding the legal nature of the agreements: treaties, administrative agreements and public law contracts. The final conclusion is that EA headquarters agreements are international treaties concluded by EAs in the name of the EU with host Member States.

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Ott, Andrea. "EU Regulatory Agencies in EU External Relations: Trapped in a Legal Minefield Between European and International Law." European Foreign Affairs Review 13, Issue 4 (December 1, 2008): 515–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2008038.

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This article is devoted to new institutional actors in EU external relations. The number of EU regulatory agencies has increased over the years. By fulfilling important administrative tasks in the European Union, these agencies actively participate in international relations with third–country agencies or international organizations in such fields as aviation, food safety or border control. However, their actions have not only to be analysed against the backdrop of the internal implications for the Union’s institutional balance and the principles of democracy and transparency but also for their consequences on EU external relations law. This contribution aims to categorize these actions of EU regulatory agencies and highlight that their international relations move in a legal minefield between European and international law.

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42

Wenar, Leif. "Accountability in International Development Aid." Ethics & International Affairs 20, no. 1 (March 2006): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2006.00001.x.

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Concerns over aid effectiveness have led to calls for greater accountability in international development aid. This article examines the state of accountability within and between international development agencies: aid NGOs, the international financial institutions, and government aid ministries. The investigation finds that there is very little accountability in these agencies, and that the accountability that there is often works against poverty relief. Increasing accountability, however, is not always the solution: increased accountability may just amplify the complexities of development efforts. Only those reforms with real promise to make aid more effective in reducing poverty should be encouraged. One such proposal is set out here.

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Fagan, J. F. "The international directory of government: ministries, departments, agencies, corporations." International Affairs 67, no. 3 (July 1991): 571–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621963.

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Ellerman, David P. "Global institutions: Transforming international development agencies into learning organizations." Academy of Management Perspectives 13, no. 1 (February 1999): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ame.1999.1567284.

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Paul, James C. N. "International Development Agencies, Human Rights and Humane Development Projects." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 14, no. 1 (January 1989): 77–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030437548901400103.

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Cui, W. "International agencies call for end to female genital mutilation." BMJ 342, feb07 1 (February 7, 2011): d832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d832.

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Wielander, Gerda. "Civilizing Missions: International Religious Agencies in China. Miwa Hirono." China Journal 66 (July 2011): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/tcj.66.41262839.

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Mele, Valentina, and Giulia Cappellaro. "Exploring the Tensions of Collaboration among International Public Agencies." Academy of Management Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (January 2014): 12135. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.12135abstract.

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Horvit, Beverly. "International News Agencies and the War Debate of 2003." International Communication Gazette 68, no. 5-6 (October 2006): 427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048506068722.

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Manning, Paul. "The international television news agencies: The world from London." Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies 35, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560054.2014.963934.

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