Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'International airports – Design and construction'

Bali, an island east of Java, is one of the five international gateways connecting Indonesia with the many foreign countries from Asia, Australia, the Americas, and Europe. The island has a richness of natural scenery and cultural events based on strong Hindu's beliefs.All of these unique phenomena attract people from different cultures and nations to visit and be part of these celebrations, as well as to enjoy the warm breeze and palm trees along the beaches.A 1989 Department of Tourism, Post and Telecommunication in Indonesia's Report suggests that the number of tourist coming to private agencies are working together to improve the island'sBali increases as much as 15 percent annually ( 1989 Indonesia Hand Book). To accommodate this development, the Government and infrastructure and build accommodations which range from three to five star international hotels. The other important element that the island needs is to expandthe airport facility to accommodate the fast growing number of international flights that accommodate this.The major goal of this project is to plan and design new airport facilities with emphasis on the new design for the international terminal. This design of the new international terminal building at the Bali International Airport, Indonesia, is an attempt to introduce a new concept of a built form using vernacular architectural concepts as the starting point. The technology required by the functions inherent in the program will be used by the architect to translate these considerations into reality.The design approach for this project is mainly based on the beliefs and order which have been traditionally followed and applied by the people of Bali. However, the intention of this project is not to literally design something which has a form borrowed from the traditional form, but that which is developed beyond the traditional concept and utilized this concept in concert with modern structural engineering and materials. Therefore to ensure the success of a design for this important facility, it is imperative to find the essence and the spirit of the traditional architecture and represent them through a modern built form.
Department of Architecture

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The demand in air travel is continuously increasing. In order to handle this increase in demand, airports need to physically expand or the management of the airports needs to improve. When the demand at OR Tambo International Airport gets too high, more passengers will need to travel to Lanseria International Airport, which will therefore need to be expanded. The study was done in collaboration with Virtual Consulting Engineers, who decided that the concept of Atlanta International Airport in Georgia, USA, which is ranked the busiest airport in the world, will be used in this expansion. The aim of the study was to minimise passenger walking distances and waiting times at Lanseria International Airport. This was done by comparing di erent airport apron layouts, using simulation, and improving the aircraft gate assignment, using the cross-entropy method. Four di erent designs of airport layouts, all based on that of Atlanta International Airport, were compared in the study. A model of each was developed using simulation. The performance measures used to compare the designs included 1) the average walking distance of arriving and departing passengers at the airport, 2) the average time spent at the airport by arriving and departing passengers, 3) the average distance travelled by aircraft at the airport, 4) the average time by which each aircraft is delayed and 5) the average number of aircraft present at the airport. The walking distance of arriving and departing passengers was largely a ected by the way in which ights were assigned to gates. The gates at the airport are of three di erent sizes: small, medium and large. Small aircraft can park at any of the gates, while medium aircraft can only park at medium or large gates and large aircraft can only park at large gates. Three rules for the ight-to-gate assignment process were developed. In the rst two rules an arriving ight was assigned to the available, suitable gate closest to the terminal building. The constraint that small aircraft cannot be assigned to medium or large gates if there are small gates available and that medium aircraft cannot be assigned to large gates if there are medium gates available, was used in Rule 1 and not in Rule 2. In the third rule, metaheuristic optimisation was used to determine a ight-to-gate assignment schedule with the objective of minimising the passenger walking distances. This metaheuristic optimisation was performed in real-time and was thus repeated every time a delay occurred at the airport. The background of airports, simulation, metaheuristics and relevant case studies were investigated in the literature review. The simulation and metaheuristic optimisation models were then developed. The results identi ed the best of the four designs that were compared. It was also concluded that the use of metaheuristic optimisation, using the cross-entropy method, results in a reduction in passenger walking distances at the airport.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aantal lugpassasiers neem aanhoudend toe en om in staat te wees om hierdie toename in vraag te hanteer moet lughawens sies uitbrei of die bestuur van die lughawens moet verbeter. Wanneer die vraag by OR Tambo Internasionale Lughawe te hoog raak, gaan meer mense na Lanseria Internasionale Lughawe moet reis. Die lughawe sal dan dus moet uitbrei. Die studie is in samewerking met Virtual Consulting Engineers gedoen. Hulle het besluit dat die konsep van Atlanta Internasionale Lughawe in Georgia in die VSA, wat die besigste lughawe in die w^ereld is, gebruik sal word in die uitbreiding Lanseria Internasionale Lughawe. Die doelwit van die studie was om die loopafstand en die wagtyd van passasiers op Lanseria Internasionale Lughawe te minimeer. Die doelwit is bereik deur verskillende lughawe uitlegte te vergelyk met behulp van simulasie en deur die toekenning van vlugte aan hekke te verbeter, deur gebruik te maak van die "cross-entropy" metode. Die konsep van Atlanta Internasionale Lughawe is gebruik om vier verskillende lughawe uitlegte te ontwerp. Simulasie is gebruik om die vier ontwerpe te vergelyk op grond van 1) die gemiddelde loopafstand van passasiers wat aankom en vertrek, 2) die gemiddelde tyd wat passasiers wat aankom en vertrek spandeer op die lughawe, 3) die gemiddelde afstand wat vliegtuie a ^e op die lughawe, 4) die gemiddelde tyd wat vliegtuie vertraag word, 5) die gemiddelde hoeveelheid vliegtuie teenwoordig op die lughawe. Die loopafstand van passasiers wat aankom en vertrek is grootliks beinvloed deur die manier waarop vliegtuie aan hekke toegeken is. Die hekke op die lughawe is klein, medium of groot. 'n Klein vliegtuig mag by 'n klein, medium of groot hek parkeer, 'n medium vliegtuig mag by 'n medium of groot hek parkeer en 'n groot vliegtuig mag net by 'n groot hek parkeer. Drie reels waarvolgens vliegtuie aan hekke toegeken kan word is ontwikkel. In die eerste twee reels word 'n vliegtuig wat aankom aan die beskikbare hek naaste aan die terminaal gebou toegeken as die hek geskik is vir die vliegtuig. In die eerste reel is die beperking dat klein vliegtuie nie aan medium en groot hekke toegeken mag word as daar klein hekke beskikbaar is nie en dat medium vliegtuie nie aan groot hekke toegeken mag word as daar medium hekke beskikbaar is nie, ingesluit. Hierdie beperking is nie in die tweede reel ingesluit nie. In die derde reel is metaheuristiek optimering gebruik om vliegtuie aan hekke toe te ken. Die doelwit van die metaheuristiek optimering was om die loopafstand van die passasiers te verminder. Elke keer as 'n vliegtuig op die lughawe vertraag was, is die optimering proses is herhaal. Die agtergrond van lughawens, simulasie, metaheuristieke en gevalle studies is bestudeer in die literatuur studie. Daarna is die simulasie en metaheuristiek optimering modelle ontwikkel. Die resultate van die studie het aangedui watter een van die vier lughawe ontwerpe die beste is. Dit is ook beslis dat die gebruik van metaheuristiek optimering, en spesifi ek die "cross-entropy" metode, die loopafstand van passasiers op die lughawe verminder.

Design and construction functions of skyscrapers tend to draw from the best practices and technologies available worldwide in order to meet their development, design, construction, and performance challenges. Given the availability of many alternative solutions for different facets of a building’s design and construction systems, the need exists for an evaluation framework that is comprehensive in scope, transparent as to the basis for decisions made, reliable in result, and practical in application. Findings from the literature reviewed combined with a deep understanding of the evaluation process of skyscraper systems were used to identify the components and their properties of such a framework, with emphasis on selection of categories, perspectives, criteria, and sub-criteria, completeness of these categories and perspectives, and clarity in the language, expression and level of detail used. The developed framework divided the evaluation process for candidate solutions into the application of three integrated filters. The first filter screens alternative solutions using two-comprehensive checklists of stakeholder acceptance and local feasibility criteria/sub-criteria on a pass-fail basis to eliminate the solutions that do not fit with local cultural norms, delivery capabilities, etc. The second filter treats criteria related to design, quality, production, logistics, installation, and in-use perspectives for assessing the technical performance of the first filter survivors in order to rank them. The third filter evaluates the financial performance expressed in terms of Net Present Value of a skyscraper project over its life cycle as a function of system solutions being considered, and involves treatment of all major cash flow streams (revenues and expenditures), and their timing. Product and process models are developed to provide the cash flow model with the required scope and time information. The most preferred solution is recommended on the basis of filter two and three results. Efficacy of the developed framework and each filter were assessed through their application to many case studies and through interviews with construction professionals. Findings show that the framework addresses the deficiencies identified in the existing literature and can improve the quality of the decision-making process when selecting preferred solutions for building a specific skyscraper in a specific geographic area.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate

In the past two decades the increase in passengers and frequency of flights has caused commercial air transportation to suffer. The system in current use was designed to satisfy different needs than the contemporary ones. Airports have failed to keep up with increased demands. Movement of passengers and aircraft have not kept pace with advances in technology. Many aircraft arriving and departing simultaneously create unnecessary delays and monetary loss to commercial airlines. The present solutions were based on new additions to existing airports as well as the creation of new airports so that metropolitan flights could arrive to different locations, e.g. JFK, La Guardia and Newark in the New York area; National and Dulles in the Washington D.C. area. The concept of the traditional airport is obsolete and needs to be completely rethought, not modified.
Master of Architecture

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002.
Typescript. Leaf v does not exist therefore pre-paging is misnumbered. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-262). Also available on the Internet.

Ever since the airport was conceived as a permanent building type, airport designers have debated what identity an airport should embody. As a threshold of first impressions, the airport should not only introduce the visitor to the local environment but also represent the identity of a country. The aim of this thesis project is to design an airport terminal that reflects the natural and cultural environments of the islands of the Bahamas. Through its architecture, this building attempts to create an engaging experience for its users: passengers, employees and visitors. Local culture and sense of place are abstracted through architectural ideas, realized in the language of contextual modernism. The synthesis of the themes and concepts explored throughout the design process are presented through drawings and commentary. Precedents such as the Taino cosmos, color and nature, place and culture are used to inspire structural systems, form and aesthetics. The plan of the new airport terminal fulfils the functional program while interpreting the land and sea formations of the Bahama islands; ocean currents and land-sea patterns may be associated with movements of people and machines, converging and diverging within the airport environment.
Master of Architecture

Economic instabilities in our country over the past few decades and improvement in communication technologies, have encouraged Turkish construction firms to utilize business opportunities in foreign countries. However, working abroad brings with it certain risks and problems. The aim of this thesis were to define and clarify problematic factors during the design stages in international design projects (IDP), to collect relevant suggested solutions and to try and determine the sources of these factors. The survey starts with general problems and/or factors which affect international projects and continues to examine whether these problems are the same as those faced in the architectural field. Also, the place of the Turkish construction industry in the world market, the reasons for the increase in international projects and the problems which might be faced while executing IDP have formed the scope of this thesis. To this end informal interviews were carried out with managers and design professionals of architectural firms, based in Ankara, which were involved in international projects, in order to determine types of problems encountered in execution of IDPs. The first questionnaire was based on insight gained from these interviews. Thereafter, the results of the first questionnaire formed the basis of the second questionnaire, which was delivered more extensively. According to the research carried out in this study, the major effective factors in execution of IDPs could be listed as, cultural differences, communication within the project team, information technologies, standards and regulations, client and local authorities and economical situation of target country.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) is an important failure mode that needs to be taken into account during the design of steel beams. The fundamental equation for determining the elastic critical moment of a beam was derived with the assumption that the beam is subjected to a uniform bending moment distribution. Loads on steel structures generate a great variety of bending moment distributions. The effect of the bending moment distribution is taken into account by a parameter known as the equivalent moment factor. The procedure outlined in the South African National Standard for limit-states design of hot-rolled steel work, SANS 10162-1:2011, for determining the equivalent moment factor was originally developed for a bending moment that is uniformly or linearly distributed, however it is currently used for all bending moment distributions. A Finite Element (FE) model was developed in this investigation for determining the equivalent moment factor. The numerical model included residual stresses and initial geometric imperfections commonly found in hot-rolled steel beams. To validate the assumptions made during the development of the FE model an in-depth experimental investigation was conducted on simply supported beams. Three different load configurations were considered in the experimental study in order to simulate various bending moment distributions. A comparison of the equivalent moment factor between the numerical results and the results obtained from various steel specifications, including SANS 10162-1:2011, was carried out in an attempt to quantify the positive and negative attributes of the various methods employed by steel design specifications. The experimental investigation concluded that the FE model is able to successfully represent a simply supported beam with realistic characteristics that include residual stresses and imperfections. The comparative study illustrated that for a bending moment distribution with a constant moment gradient, SANS 10162-1:2011 provides excellent results. However, for the other distributions considered in this investigation highly conservative results were obtained for the equivalent moment factor. The relevance of these findings were made clear by considering three design cases found in steel structures. The resistance moment of the beams in each of these cases was calculated according to each of the steel specifications. It was found that the use of a highly conservative procedure for determining the equivalent moment factor can lead to the uneconomical design of a structure.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Laterale-torsie knik is ’n belangrike falings modus wat in ag geneem moet word tydens die ontwerp van staal balke. Die fundamentele vergelyking vir die bepaling van die elastiese kritieke moment van ’n balk is afgelei met die aanname dat die balk onderworpe is aan ’n eenvormige buigmoment verdeling. Belastings op staalstrukture genereer ’n groot verskeidenheid van buigmoment verdelings. Die effek van hierdie buigmoment verdelings word in ag geneem deur ’n parameter wat bekend staan as die ekwivalente moment faktor. Die prosedure uiteengesit in die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Standaard vir die ontwerp van warm-gewalste staalwerk, SANS 10162-1:2011, vir die bepaling van hierdie faktor is oorspronklik ontwikkel vir ’n buigmoment wat uniform of linieêr verdeel is oor die lengte van die balk, maar dit word tans gebruik vir alle buigmoment verdelings. ’n Eindige Element (FE) model is ontwikkel in hierdie ondersoek vir die bepaling van die ekwivalente moment faktor. Die numeriese model sluit die residuele spannings en aanvanklike geometriese imperfeksies wat in die algemeen teenwoordig is in warm-gewalste profiele in. Die aannames wat gemaak is tydens die ontwikkeling van die FE model is bevestig met ’n in diepte eksperimentele ondersoek oor die gedrag van eenvoudig opgelegde balke. Drie verskillende las konfigurasies is oorweeg in die eksperimentele studie om verskeie buigmoment verspreidings na te boots. ’n Vergelyking van die ekwivalente moment faktor tussen die numeriese resultate en die resultate verkry van verskeie staal spesifikasies, insluitend SANS 10162-1:2011, is uitgevoer in ’n poging om die positiewe en negatiewe eienskappe van die verskillende metodes wat gebruik word in verskillende staal ontwerp spesifikasies, te kwantifiseer. Die eksperimentele ondersoek het tot die gevolgtrekking gelei dat die FE model in staat is om ’n eenvoudige opgelegte balk te verteenwoordig, met realistiese eienskappe wat residuele spannings en imperfekies insluit. Die vergelykende studie toon dat SANS 10162-1:2011 uitstekende resultate bied vir ’n buigmoment verdeling met ’n konstante moment gradiënt. Dit was egter gevind dat vir ander verdelings wat in hierdie ondersoek oorweeg is, SANS 10162-1:2011 hoogs konserwatiewe resultate bied. Die toepaslikheid van hierdie bevindinge is duidelik gemaak deur drie ontwerp gevalle wat algemeen in staalstrukture gevind word te bestudeer. Die weerstandsmoment is in elk van die gevalle bereken volgens elke staal spesifikasies. Daar is gevind dat die gebruik van ’n hoogs konserwatiewe prosedure vir die bepaling van die ekwivalente moment faktor kan lei tot die ontwerp van ’n onekonomiese struktuur.

碩士
台南應用科技大學
生活應用科學研究所
103
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The imagery of flight remains one of the most captivating views in history. The bird’s eye view it gives to man has helped him to gain an understanding of a particular area, in addition to broadening his knowledge base. Air travel has time in sense (because of its convenience), and shaped cities, with the airport control tower becoming a dominant icon within the landscape. Its form of communication and navigation is different: having its own language, symbols that have to be comprehended before the journey of flight can begin. The map is one such device that serves as a medium between the technical and the lay – enabling a simpler understanding of a complex subject. It is dexterous in its ability to show detail, aiding the design process by highlighting key elements, summarising others, and giving clues as to the proposed site and programme. The focus of this study is to design a hub for business, as well as a facilitator for improving the knowledge of the visitor through information and networks. Specific functional elements were chosen in an attempt to supplement the existing Lanseria airport, in addition to creating an identity for a gateway into area and its surrounds. In accordance with the co-operative nature of the industry, the proposal can become a marketable feature for the developing, expanding airport. This document examines the context of aviation and theatrical explorations into its methods of communications (Chapters 1 – 2); the search for an appropriate site (Chapter 3) and the formation of programme and precedent studies (Chapter 4); leading up to the final design of the Centre and its technological aspects (Chapter 5).