Relevant bibliographies by topics / International American Monetary Commission

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'International American Monetary Commission'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "International American Monetary Commission"

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Ericsson, M., A. Löf, and O. Löf. "Iron ore market report 2019–2020." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1/2021 (March 15, 2021): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2021-1-74-82.

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Preliminary figures of global iron ore and steel production in 2020 show a slight decline. The article reviews iron ore production by global companies (Vale, Rio Tinto, BHP, FMG, Anglo American, etc.) in 2019 and 2020, as well as production figures by the leading steel producing countries (China, India, Japan, Russia, USA, South Korea) in 2020. Iron ore imports and exports are also analyzed. It is noted that the global iron ore exports had increased by around 43% over the previous decade, however, they went down by 1.7% in 2019, and this decline in exports continued in 2020. Australia is the largest iron ore exporter with a market share of 55%; this share increased by one percentage point in 2020 compared to the previous year. Green-field projects by global producing companies are presented in Brazil, Australia and other countries. A conclusion is made that despite a 3.5% decline in the global economy forecast by the International Monetary Fund in 2020, it is possible to acknowledge that the iron ore market is well balanced. However, if steel demand and steel production volumes increase unexpectedly and some of the planned new mines are not commissioned, the surplus can quite promptly turn into a deficit. In the long term, the plans to produce steel without using fossil fuels, without coke and therefore without CO2 emissions, could revolutionize the iron ore market and increase the demand for products with a high iron content. Источник: https://mining-media.ru/en/articles/original-paper/16396-iron-ore-market-report-2019-2020
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Momani, Bessma. "American politicization of the International Monetary Fund." Review of International Political Economy 11, no. 5 (2004): 880–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969229042000313064.

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Rodríguez-Pinzón, Diego. "III Inter-American System." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 25, no. 2 (2007): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016934410702500208.

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As usual, in this Chapter Claudia Martin and I report on the latest news of the work of both the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (hereinafter ‘Commission’) and the Inter-American Court on Human Rights (hereinafter ‘Court’). This time we are once again devoting our attention to the work of the Commission in the context of recent developments in the Inter-American Human Rights System.
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Watt, D. Cameron. "American hegemony and the Trilateral Commission." International Affairs 67, no. 2 (1991): 323–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2620841.

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Smith, Gaddis, and Stephen Gill. "American Hegemony and the Trilateral Commission." Foreign Affairs 69, no. 3 (1990): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20044432.

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Sargent, Thomas J. "Ambiguity in American monetary and fiscal policy." Japan and the World Economy 18, no. 3 (2006): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japwor.2004.05.006.

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Zegveld, Liesbeth. "The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and international humanitarian law: A comment on the Tablada Case." International Review of the Red Cross 38, no. 324 (1998): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400091294.

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On 30 October 1997, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (hereafter the Commission) adopted its report in the so-calledTabladacase. The case concerned an attack launched by 42 armed persons on military barracks of the national armed forces in 1989 at La Tablada, Argentina. The attack precipitated a battle lasting approximately 30 hours and resulting in the deaths of 29 of the attackers and several State agents. The surviving attackers filed a complaint with the Commission alleging violations by State agents of the American Convention on Human Rights (hereafter the American Convention) and of rules of international humanitarian law. In its report the Commission examined in detail whether it was competent to apply international humanitarian law directly. It answered this question in the affirmative.
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Haglund, Jillienne. "International institutional design and human rights: The case of the Inter-American Human Rights System." Conflict Management and Peace Science 36, no. 6 (2019): 608–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894219881427.

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Most studies examining the effectiveness of international human rights law treat international human rights institutions as equally (un)influential on state behavior. I argue that institutional design explains variation in state response to international human rights law. Using the institutions in the Inter-American Human Rights System (Court and Commission), I argue that judgments from the highly legalized body (Court) are associated with human rights improvements, while decisions from the less legalized body (Commission) are associated with a greater likelihood of formal complaints. Using the Ill-Treatment and Torture data and original data on Commission decisions, I find support for these expectations.
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Whitehead, Laurence. "Latin American debt: an international bargaining perspective." Review of International Studies 15, no. 3 (1989): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500112859.

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No assessment of new or recently re-established democracies in Latin America can overlook the threat to these regimes posed by debt service obligations that are often heavier and more durable than the reparations imposed on Weimar Germany. No discussion of the weakening of the liberal international economic order (the trend towards trade protection, chronic instability in currency and financial markets) can disregard the extreme pressures to export, to compress imports, and to conserve foreign exchange that shape the economic policies of the heavily indebted LDC nations. No analysis of the scope and limitations of monetary policy in the developed countries (and especially in the United States) will be complete unless it takes into account the consequences for the major banks of a sovereign debt exposure which remains even now very large in relation to shareholders' equity, and which still frequently appears in bank accounts at an unrealistically optimistic valuation.
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Barbash, David M. "Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Arabian American Oil Co." American Journal of International Law 85, no. 3 (1991): 552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203113.

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Ali Boureslan, a naturalized U.S. citizen of Lebanese descent, was employed by the Arabian American Oil Co. (Aramco) as a cost engineer. Boureslan began his tenure with Aramco in 1979 in its Houston, Texas, office, but a year later he requested and received a transfer to the company’s offices in Saudi Arabia. Boureslan alleged that in the ensuing four years he was the victim of racial and religious harassment from his immediate supervisor. He was finally dismissed on June 16, 1984, for allegedly poor work performance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International American Monetary Commission"

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Baechel, Nicholas John. "Relief agency, hegemon, or failure? an evaluation of the IMF as crisis manager /." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1163097350.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Akron, Dept. of History, 2006.
"December, 2006." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 12/31/2008) Advisor, Walter L. Hixson; Co-Advisor, Jane Kate Leonard; Department Chair, Walter L. Hixson; Dean of the College, Ronald F. Levant; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Rolón, Sánchez José Eduardo. "International arenas for domestic environmental problems : the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation and public participation in the grey agenda in Mexico." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433615.

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Campbell, Kathryn. "All you need is love - and an international organization : the role of the Inter-American Commission and Court on Human Rights in improving conditions in Latin America." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31551.

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The Inter-American Commission for Human Rights and its partner Court have been major players in the improvement of human rights in Latin America. Since their creation, the two organizations have had a profound effect on the behaviour of states in the region, and have helped to bring the worst abuses of various regimes to the light of international scrutiny. Thanks to the support of the US, but avoiding the restrictions hegemon sponsorship tends to imply, the IACHR and Court have been given the means with which to pursue allegations of human rights violations and punish the offending states. The diffusion of international human rights norms through the channel of human rights law has given these two institutions the necessary framework in which they can operate, and their institutional independence has ensured that their actions have generally been successful and accepted by member states. This provides an important case study in the utility of international organizations, as the Commission and Court have proved that these organizations do indeed have the potential to affect state actions and policies.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Lewis, Patrick. "American Economic hegemony – under threat or unsurpassable? : A statistical analysis of American Economic Hegemony and the potential threat of China in the international economic order." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42942.

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This essay focusses on the area of hegemonic studies in global politics, framing the discussion between the rise of China and the positioning of the united States. The purpose of this study is to show that China does not threaten the economic hegemony of the US due to the pivotal role the US Dollar holds in the global economy. A statistical analysis is undertaken with reference to contemporary theory to explain how declining rates of US Dollars in currency reserves are not a symptom of a power shift in Global Politics but simply an effect of fluctuations in global trade, as well as using Susan Strange's concept of structural power to show how America holds hegemony over international finance and the economy.
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Rojas, Solano Indra. "Responsabilidade internacional do estado no sistema interamericano de direitos humanos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13209.

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Analisa a figura jurídica da Responsabilidade Internacional Estatal por violações aos direitos humanos, na teoria e na prática, com ênfase no Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos. Para tanto, relata a evolução histórica do conceito de responsabilidade internacional e sua interação atual com os direitos humanos, assim como os elementos característicos, natureza jurídica e exceções destas possíveis violações por parte dos órgãos ou funcionários do Estado ao qual pertence à suposta vítima, seja nacional ou estrangeiro. Alega que no sistema Interamericano, existe uma desigualdade de legislações e falta de conscientização por parte dos Estados da importância que tem o respeito ao sistema regional de proteção dos direitos humanos ao qual voluntariamente se têm submetido.
It analyses the legal figure of the State International Responsibility for violations to the human rights, in the theory and in practice, with emphasis in the Inter-American System of Human Rights. In such a way, it tells the historical evolution of the concept of international responsibility and its current interaction with the human rights. Also, the characteristic elements, legal nature and exceptions for possible violations of the institutions or employees of the State witch belongs the supposed victim, either national or foreign. It claims that in Inter-American system an inequality of legislations exist, also, and awareness of the States about the importance that must be the respect to the regional system of protection of the human rights, witch voluntarily has been submitted.
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Noronha, Bernardo Minghelli Schmitt. "A Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e sua influência no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/121898.

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O presente trabalho procura analisar a relação entre a Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH), suas decisões em relação ao Brasil e como elas podem influenciar o ordenamento jurídico interno. Para isso, pretende analisar a história da Comissão e como ela acabou por possuir uma dualidade de competências, em razão dos tratados internacionais que a orientam, especialmente a Declaração Americana de Direitos e Deveres do Homem (DADH), a Carta da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA) e a Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos (CADH). Embora não seja o tema central do trabalho, também será mencionada a atuação da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CteIDH) no procedimento da Convenção. Com intuito de compreender a influência das decisões da Comissão no ordenamento brasileiro, que é o objetivo central do presente estudo, o trabalho busca estudar e analisar alguns casos práticos, tanto do período em que a Comissão atuou como órgão reconhecido da Carta da OEA, como da época em que atuou como órgão do sistema da Convenção, posteriormente à ratificação do Brasil.
The present work analyzes the relation between the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (ICHR), its decisions regarding Brazil and how they could influence the internal legal system. In order to do so, it analyzes the history of the Commission and how it became an organ with a dual competence in the Inter- American System of Human Rights (ISHR), due to the international treaties that guide it, specially the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Men, the OAS Chart and the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). Although it is not the central issue of the research, the work also mentions the role of the Inter-American Court on Human Rights (ICtHR) in the ACHR’s procedure. In order to comprehend the influence of the Commission’s decisions in the internal legal system, which is the central objective of the present study, it will study and analyze some practical cases, from the period when the Commission were solely the OAS Chart human rights organ, as well as from the time when it was an Convention organ, after Brazil’s ratification of the Convention.
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Gambaraza, Marc. "Le statut juridique de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’Homme." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020073/document.

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Le statut juridique de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'Homme, qui a fait l'objet de controverses lors de son adoption, a évolué depuis. Sur le plan international, la Déclaration universelle fait désormais partie du corpus juridique du droit interne de l'ONU et a été reconnue comme un instrument obligatoire par la doctrine et les organes judiciaires et quasi-judiciaires. Sur le plan national, elle a été incorporée dans de nombreux ordres internes en suivant des dynamiques propres à quatre espaces transrégionaux (Common Law, Amérique Latine, Europe et Afrique). Cette double évolution a modifié le statut intrinsèque de la DUDH, qui fait désormais partie des sources non-conventionnelles du droit obligatoire, bien que certains ordres juridiques refusent d'admettre sa force contraignante. Son applicabilité repose ainsi sur la formulation des droits qu'elle énonce
The legal status of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was subject to controversy at the time it was adopted, has evolved since then. At the international level, the Universal Declaration has become part of the United Nations legal corpus and has been recognized as a binding instrument by publicists and judicial and quasi-judicial bodies. At the national level, it has been incorporated into many domestic legal systems following dynamics related to four trans-regional areas (Common Law, Latin America, Europe and Africa). This double evolution has changed the intrinsic status of the UDHR, which is now part of the non-conventional sources of mandatory law, though some legal systems deny its binding force. Its applicability is therefore based on the formulation of the rights it contains
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Oliveri, Ernest J. "The Latin American debt crisis the politics of stress and adjustment in the inter-American finance regime /." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19341786.html.

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Williamson, Shaun. "Creating the American carceral state: the evolution of liberal criminology." Thesis, 2018. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10116.

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This thesis explores mass incarceration in the United States as an outcome of the evolution of liberal penal theory over the last two centuries. The first chapter analyzes the work of the 18th century Italian legal theorist Cesare Beccaria. Within the context of the thesis, the exploration of Beccaria’s work serves to describe many of the foundational principles and assumptions that arose out of liberal criminal theory in this period. This chapter demonstrates that in the minds of early liberal criminal theorists, such as Beccaria, the role of a justice system was not to merely punish those who break the law, but also to reform those found to have broken the law into productive members of society. The second chapter jumps ahead almost 100 years to the beginning of the International Penitentiary Commission (IPC). This chapter demonstrates that the IPC was influential in entrenching incarceration as a foundational element in the liberal penal system, which the IPC was attempting to popularize and promulgate. The final chapter follows the evolution of liberal penal theory in the United States following the Second World War. During this period, economists and neoliberal legal theorists, such as Milton Friedman, Gary Becker, and Richard Posner, dramatically altered the liberal consensus on crime and punishment. Whereas earlier liberal writers viewed the role of criminal punishment as a means of reforming prisoners into useful citizens, neoliberal criminal reformers theorized that it would be more efficient to view crime and criminal punishment as an economic problem, to be solved with the same tools that liberal economists used to examine the market economy. Instead of focusing on reforming the criminal, these theorists posited that the most effective way to decrease crime was to modify the criminal incentive structure. Overall, this thesis follows the evolution of liberal penal theory in the United States and will demonstrate that what began as a noble attempt to create a more humane and just penal system, focused on the reformation of the prisoner, became a behemoth of an institution that grew to an extraordinary level in an attempt to crackdown on crime. It will be argued that what was lost in this evolution of liberal criminal theory was the importance of social and economic context in the creation of criminal behaviour.
Graduate
2019-09-11
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Dietrich, Christopher Roy William. "The permanence of power : postcolonial sovereignty, the energy crisis, and the rise of American neoliberal diplomacy, 1967 - 1976." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/25924.

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The dissertation addresses the causes and consequences of the 1973-1974 energy crisis. A new postcolonial concept of sovereignty, "permanent sovereignty over natural resources," challenged the structure of the international economy in the early 1950s. The proponents of permanent sovereignty identified the relationship between the industrial nations and raw material producers as a vestige of empire. By gaining control over national resources, Third World leaders hoped to reset the relationship between the developing and developed nations. The concept of permanent sovereignty authenticated new definitions and goals of decolonization and statehood. A new middle ground between U.S. diplomacy and Third World economic thought emerged in international oil politics. Chapters on the 1967 Arab oil embargo, Saudi and Iranian demands in the wake of imperial Britain's Persian Gulf withdrawal, the legal battles over the Iraqi Ba'ath regime's nationalized oil, and the reverberating effects of newly radical Libyan politics, explain how members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) remade permanent sovereignty between 1967 to 1972. OPEC underscored the salience of permanent sovereignty in the international political economy, but it also undermined it. The built-in tension culminated in the 1973-1974 energy crisis. The final chapters discuss how the impregnable sovereignty preached by OPEC and its transnational backers in the New International Economic Order engendered a strategic response from the United States: neoliberal diplomacy. OPEC's cartel politics became a scapegoat for policymakers who simplified and codified neoclassical economic ideas. Market-centered reform developed into an analytical refuge in the political-economic wreckage of the energy crisis. American strategy toward the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations reveal that neoliberal diplomacy became widely influential in U.S. foreign policy.
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Books on the topic "International American Monetary Commission"

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US GOVERNMENT. Third Amendment of Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund: Between the United States of America and other governments, approved by the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund, at Washington June 28, 1990. Dept. of State, 1993.

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Stephen, Gill. American hegemony and the Trilateral Commission. Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Gill, Stephen. American hegemony and the trilateral commission. University of Birmingham, 1987.

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Commission, Bretton Woods. Bretton Woods : looking to the future: Commission report, staff review, background papers. The Commission, 1994.

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GOVERNMENT, US. International taxation: United States tax treaties. Shepard's/McGraw-Hill, 1993.

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Lee, Smith, and New York (State). Governor (1983-1994 : Cuomo), eds. The Cuomo Commission report: A new American formula for a strong economy. Simon & Schuster, 1988.

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US GOVERNMENT. Provisions in U.S. international air transport agreements. Air Transport Association of America, 1985.

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Adam, Bennett, and Borensztein Eduardo, eds. Monetary policy in dollarized economies. International Monetary Fund, 1999.

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Matsui, Ken. Bei-So kinʼyū sensō. Tōyō Keizai Sinpōsha, 1985.

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Commission, Bretton Woods. Bretton Woods: Looking to the future : Commission report, staff review, background papers. Bretton Woods Commission, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "International American Monetary Commission"

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Guilmard, Patrice. "International Monetary Fund." In American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ata.ii.16gui.

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Meller, Patricio. "The Roles of International Financial Institutions: A Latin American Reassessment." In The International Monetary and Financial System. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24414-0_10.

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Gomez, Veronica. "The Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights." In International Human Rights Institutions, Tribunals, and Courts. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5206-4_17.

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Harley, C. Knick. "The Classical Gold Standard’s Adjustment to Shocks: American Railroads and British Investment in the 1880s." In International Monetary Systems in Historical Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24220-7_2.

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Boughton, James M. "American in the Shadows: Harry Dexter White and the Design of the International Monetary Fund." In American Power and Policy. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230246140_2.

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Korteweg, Pieter. "The International Monetary System and the strength and vicissitudes of the American dollar." In The Quest for National and Global Economic Stability. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1389-9_6.

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Lins, Maria Antonieta Del Tedesco. "Latin American Economic Crises and Populist Bids: Argentina, Brazil and Mexico." In Financial Crisis Management and Democracy. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54895-7_11.

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AbstractThrough a comparative case study analysis, the chapter seeks to retrace the recent history of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico in dealing with economic crises. Despite their different institutional arrangements and macroeconomic trajectories, the comparison shows that domestic concerns were the main drivers of economic policies. Particularly regarding each country’s approaches to exchange markets and capital controls—here called financial policy—the chapter evaluates the extent to which they contradict international perceptions and even the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF’s) stance on financial regulation and the management of capital flows. A close relationship between domestic political demands and the design of economic policy indicated that even in the face of some similarity between the challenges posed to the three countries and more than responses to changes in the world economy and the quest to keep these economies integrated, economic policy aimed to accommodate internal political pressures.
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Magraw, Kendra. "Trends and ISDS Backlash Related to Non-Disputing Treaty Party Submissions." In Public Actors in International Investment Law. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58916-5_5.

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AbstractSome international investment agreements (IIAs) allow states that are parties to a treaty, but are not party to a specific dispute under that treaty, to intervene on a limited basis in order to make submissions on matters of treaty interpretation. Such mechanisms have proved to be highly valued by treaty parties, as evident by the many recently-concluded IIAs containing increasingly sophisticated non-disputing treaty party (NDTP) provisions. This chapter: (1) provides the background on NDTPs mechanisms, with a focus on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (the first-known IIA to contain such a provision); (2) examines the possible connection between tribunals failing to give due regard to treaty parties’ interpretive positions (again focusing on NAFTA) and the current backlash against investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS); and (3) analyses trends in recently-concluded IIAs. It is argued that the apparent lack of deference given by tribunals to NDTP submissions may be contributing to the current backlash against ISDS, based on two discernible trends: (1) an increase in the number of IIAs containing NDTPs provisions; and (2) provisions that now state that not only are treaty interpretations made by treaty parties binding on tribunals (such provisions also have their genesis in NAFTA), but that, in addition, tribunals’ decisions must be consistent with such agreed interpretations (the latter an innovation of a NAFTA party in 2003). Such trends are also visible at the institutional and multilateral levels, such as the revision of the Arbitration Rules of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and the Mauritius Convention on Transparency in ISDS of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), and show no sign of slowing down.
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"The Ambiguities of the American Position." In The International Monetary Tangle. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315086217-11.

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"‘Report from the Royal Commission on International Coinage; together with the Minutes of Evidence and Appendix’ (18 February 1868)." In The Monetary History of Gold. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315476131-68.

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Conference papers on the topic "International American Monetary Commission"

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Babar, L., M. A. Faruqi, O. Ashraf, and T. J. Cheema. "The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Transfer Delay: A Monetary Sink Hole." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6479.

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Ciolomic, Ioana Andreea, and Ioana Natalia Beleiu. "THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL ORGANISATIONS’ IN DEFINING STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.83.

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owned enterprises (SOEs) have an essential role in national economies worldwide, but regardless of their acknowledged contribution to the global markets, divergent opinions and approaches can be observed when defining and characterizing these entities. On the other hand, international organizations such as OECD, International Monetary Fund, European Commission, United Nations, World Trade Organizations, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and professional organizations such as IPSASB and Chartered Institute of Management Accountants have an essential role in SOEs' activity. One of the biggest challenges that professional bodies have nowadays is to find a unique definition to match the need of practitioners and capture the complexity of SOEs. Even if there can be identified some common approaches between academicians, international, and professional organizations, there are some delicate areas that require substantial efforts for clarifications. The paper addresses this topic, aiming to clarify the main aspects concerning the definition of SOEs from international and professional organizations' points of view based on qualitative research methods.
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Rocha, Rosylane. "1719g Occupational health services in latin american countries: brazil, paraguay and venezuela." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.643.

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Federico, Monica J., Diane Redmond, Diane Swietlik, et al. "Using Quality Improvement Methods, Clinical Decision Support Tools, And A Multidisciplinary Team To Improve Compliance With Joint Commission Asthma Action Plan Standards." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2600.

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Juárez-García, Arturo. "1705b Psychosocial factors at work in latin-american region: state of the art." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.868.

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Levy, Salomon. "Obstacles to Overcome by Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)." In ASME 2011 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2011-6553.

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The development of and support for small modular nuclear power plants (NPPs) is gaining strong momentum in USA. The reasons are that they could require reduced financing and shortened construction schedule. Also, they could address the reduced size need for electricity in some USA locations and, in particular, in developing foreign countries. However, the prevailing enthusiasm needs to be moderated until several potential obstacles are overcome. There are three principal USA obstacles: (1) the successful licensing and certification of the SMRs by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to confirm their safety; (2) SMRs ability to demonstrate that they can compete financially against less costly modular natural gas power plants or the limited purchase of electricity from new large light water reactors (LWRs); and (3) the need to work into the prevailing fuel cycle while not deteriorating spent fuel disposal or increasing proliferation. Clearly, Babcock & Wilcox’s and Nu Scale Power’s SMRs have the earliest chance for success because they would rely upon the present LWR regulatory and fuel cycle experience. Their main obstacle will be demonstrated costs from prototype plants and the willingness to accept fixed turnkey contracts for additional units. The more visionary SMRs such as GE-Hitachi PRISM or the Hyperion Power Generation smaller liquid metal closed fuel cycle reactors will have to overcome more difficult and lengthy regulatory assessments. Also, a complete fuel cycle infrastructure will need to be developed. Penetration of developing foreign countries will be the most difficult because it will demand the development and establishment of a nuclear safety infrastructure in those countries. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA NG-G-31) has detailed the numerous actions and large time schedule and efforts to achieve an adequate safety culture. Also, several export licenses and monetary loans will be required. Furthermore, it will be necessary to overcome the lack of insurance for severe accidents and the anticipated USA refusal to accept domestic disposal of foreign High Level Waste (HLW). This means that government owned suppliers such as Russia have definite advantages over the USA private suppliers because of their willingness to provide loans and handling HLW. This paper first summarizes the power history growth of USA reactors and the recent momentum developed for USA SMRs; it is followed by available brief descriptions of USA LWR SMRs and some of their potential obstacles; more advanced USA SMRs designs and their potential difficulties come next; foreign applications are covered last and they are followed by a Conclusions section.
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Kiper, Kenneth L. "Status of the ANS Low Power and Shutdown PRA Standard." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49605.

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The Low Power & Shutdown (LPSD) PRA Standard (ANS-58.22) is currently being drafted by a Writing Group under the auspices of the Risk Informed Standards Committee of the American Nuclear Society. The Writing Group includes representatives from nuclear utilities, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, national laboratory, university, and consultants with substantial experience producing LPSD PRAs. This draft standard is scheduled to be released for public comment in the second quarter of 2004, with publication by the end of 2004. This paper presents the current status of this standard in preparation for its public release.
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Myers, Daryl R., Keith Emery, and C. Gueymard. "Revising and Validating Spectral Irradiance Reference Standards for Photovoltaic Performance Evaluation." In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1074.

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In 1982, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) adopted consensus standard direct-normal and global-tilted solar terrestrial spectra (ASTM E891/E892). These standard spectra were intended to evaluate photovoltaic (PV) device performance and other solar-related applications. The International Standards Organization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) adopted these spectra as spectral standards ISO 9845-1 and IEC 60904-3. Additional information and more accurately representative spectra are needed by today’s PV community. Modern terrestrial spectral radiation models, knowledge of atmospheric physics, and measured radiometric quantities are applied to develop new reference spectra for consideration by ASTM.
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Barnett, Ralph L., and Dennis B. Brickman. "Infant Pull Strength: Ability to Dislodge Crib Sheets." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60588.

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The suffocation of infants caused by crib sheet entanglement appears to be a nonproblem which has nevertheless resulted in a brouhaha that has incited remediation activities by the Good Housekeeping Institute (GHI), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association (JPMA), crib sheet manufacturers, and product liability support professionals of different stripes. To show that the removal of crib sheets by infants is not a safety issue, one may establish that the problem is not reasonably foreseeable. Three approaches for doing this are described in this paper: anecdotal, simulation, and reliability. The reliability of a crib sheet is the probability that it will remain in situ when exposed to the community of infants. Application of the classical “load minus strength” analysis required new information on the pull strength of infants.
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Begović, Boris, and Nikola Ilić. "FTC V. FACEBOOK OR BREAKING UP DOMINANT DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: MOTIVES, RATIONALE, AND POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES FROM A COMPETITION LAW PERSPECTIVE." In International Jean Monnet Module Conference of EU and Comparative Competition Law Issues "Competition Law (in Pandemic Times): Challenges and Reforms. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18815.

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The Federal Trade Commission of the United States (FTC) filed a Complaint against Facebook on 9th December 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 crisis. While facing one of the biggest social and economic crises in American history, FTC has enough time and resources to (re)investigate Facebook’s acquisitions of Instagram and WhatsApp. This paper analyses motives and rationale behind the FTC’s Complaint requesting Facebook’s break-up and what could be possible alternatives from a competition law perspective. All the findings suggest that the FTC’s Complaint is politically motivated, and the competition authorities should enable digital platforms to expand. However, the expansion should be controlled, to ensure that the benefits for consumers are not undermined by relatively slower (not diversified) technological development.
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