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1

Momoko Nishikido, Momoko Nishikido, Jong-Min Kim, and Hojin Jung. "Forecasting International Tourist Flows to a Small Island: The Case of Saipan." Asia Europe Perspective Association 16, no. 4 (2019): 263–81. https://doi.org/10.31203/aepa.2019.16.4.13.

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Sustainable tourism, unlike conventional tourism, explicitly strives to maintain economic, environmental, and social sustainability in tourist destinations. Saipan, the capital and the largest island of the chain of Pacific islands known as the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), is a tropical destination that heavily relies on the tourist industry as a source of income. When analyzing the trends of tourist arrivals from the top three countries that account for the majority of tourist arrivals in Saipan-China, Japan, and Korea-the necessity to implement sustainable tourism in
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Balogh, Péter, Sándor Kovács, Chukiat Chaiboonsri, and Prasert Chaitip. "Forecasting with X-12-ARIMA: International tourist arrivals to India and Thailand." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 3, no. 1-2 (2009): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2009/1-2/5.

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Forecasting is an essential analytical tool in tourism policy and planning. This paper focuses on forecasting methods based on X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment and this method was developed by the Census Bureau in the United States. It has been continually improved since the 1960s, and it is used by many statistics agencies and central banks. The secondary data were used to produce forecasts of international tourist arrivals to India for 2007-2010 and also these data were used to produce forecasts of international tourist arrivals to Thailand for 2006-2010. From these period the results confirm
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3

Pradhan, Bijay Lal, and Prabesh Koirala. "Analyzing and Forecasting International Tourist Arrivals in Nepal: Trends, Patterns, and Future Prospects." International Journal of Operational Research/Nepal 12, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijorn.v12i1.73153.

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This paper aims to analyze and forecast international tourist arrivals in Nepal, a country known for its rich cultural heritage and breathtaking natural landscapes. Using time series analysis and ARIMA modeling, the study investigates the data on tourist arrivals, highlighting the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel trends. Descriptive statistics were used to examine tourist demographics including gender, age groups, and the purpose of visit, revealing seasonal trends that influence arrival patterns. The findings indicate that international tourism plays a vital role in Nepal
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Mohd Roslen, Siti Nurhidayah, Chua Mei Shan, Azlul Kalilah Zaghlol, and Rafiatul Adlin Hj Mohd Ruslan. "Financial Risk and International Inbound Tourism: A Malaysian Illustration." Information Management and Business Review 15, no. 3(SI) (2023): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i3(si).3462.

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The impact of financial risk on inbound tourism is explored in this study by examining the effect of shocks in foreign debt level and debt service stability on the tourist arrival rate in Malaysia, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Quarterly data from 2010 to 2020 were obtained from multiple sources, which include the Malaysia Tourism corporate website, the official portal of the Ministry of Economy Malaysia, the Department of Statistics Malaysia, and the Federal Reserve (FRED) Economic statistical website. A VAR model was estimated, together with the Granger causality test, to id
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Logan, Twila-Mae, Eritha Huntley Lewis, and Clive Scott. "A Time Series Analysis of the Impact of International Sporting Events on International Arrivals: Melbourne, Australia and Jamaica." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 6 (2016): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n6p267.

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This study examines changes in international tourist arrivals in Melbourne, Australia after the 2006 Commonwealth Games, and tourist arrivals in Jamaica after the 2007 Cricket World Cup matches to answer the questions: do international arrivals increase as a result of hosting a large sporting event, and how long is the impact sustained over the post-event period? Using data prior to the Games, autoregressive models with independent variables were used to model these series. The differences between the actual and predicted series after the Games were attributed to shocks caused by hosting the C
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Mohd Lip, Norliana, Nur Shafiqah Jumery, Fatin Amira Ahmad Termizi, Nurul Atiqa Mulyadi, Norhasnelly Anuar, and Hanafi Ithnin. "FORECASTING INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS IN MALAYSIA USING SARIMA AND HOLT-WINTERS MODEL." Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 5, no. 18 (2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.518004.

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Tourism can be described as the activities of visitors who make a visit to the main destination outside their usual environment for less than a year for any purpose. The tourism industry has become one of the influential sectors in global economic growth. Thus, tourism forecasting plays an important role in public and private sectors concerning future tourism flows. This study is an attempt to determine the best model in forecasting the international tourist's arrival in Malaysia based on Box-Jenkins and Holt-Winters model. The comparison of the accuracy of the techniques between Box-Jenkins S
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7

Mustafa, Hasrina, Fahri Ahmed, Waffa Wahida Zainol, and Azlizan Mat Enh. "Forecasting the Impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on International Tourist Arrivals to Langkawi, Malaysia: A PostCOVID-19 Future." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (2021): 13372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313372.

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This research first aims to forecast tourist arrivals to Langkawi, Malaysia from its top three source markets, namely, China, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom, between 2020 and 2022. Using the annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth of those three countries, the study seeks to investigate the impact of GDP on tourist arrivals from these countries to Langkawi in the context of post-COVID-19 scenarios. The study uses expert modelers, namely, ARIMA models and Holt’s linear models, to find the best fit model. Then, linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of GDP on tour
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8

Mahakata, Innocent. "Successive Cyclone Idai Disaster and Covid-19 Pandemic Negatively Affected Tourist Arrivals in Chimanimani National Park, Zimbabwe." American Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 2, no. 1 (2024): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajth.v2i1.2587.

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Zimbabwe suffered a devastating meteorological disaster when Cyclone Idai affected the southeast part of the country in March 2019. Barely a year after the cyclone event, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic emerged. This study explored how consecutive Cyclone Idai and Covid-19 affected tourist arrivals in Chimanimani National Park (CNP), Zimbabwe through; (i). Determining trend in tourist arrivals between 2010 and 2022, (ii). Establishing how Cyclone Idai and Covid-19 affected tourist arrivals and, (iii). Determining groups of tourist mostly affected by the consecutive Cyclone Idai and Covid
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Kester, John G. C. "International Tourism in Africa." Tourism Economics 9, no. 2 (2003): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000003101298367.

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The WTO region of Africa recorded an estimated 27.7 million international tourist arrivals in 2001, corresponding to an increase of 2.7% over 2000. International tourism receipts amounted to US$11.7 billion, or 9% over 2000. In this article regional results are analysed over time, as well as by purpose of visit, means of transport and region of origin. Data on international arrivals and receipts for international tourism are reviewed for the five African subregions and their individual countries.
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10

Fadilah, Muhamad Rifki, and Riyanto Riyanto. "DOES INTERNATIONALTOURISTS HAS CAUSALITY EFFECTS WITH ITS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN INDONESIA?" JURNAL DINAMIKA EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN 6, no. 1 (2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jdep.6.1.1-25.

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This study aims to investigate whether the international tourist arrivals affect Tourism FDI and Tourism GDP of Tourism sector in Indonesia during the period 2004 – 2020. In addition, this study also aims to estimate how much and how long the impact of the decline in international tourist arrivals due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the long-term equilibrium between international tourist arrivals, Tourism FDI and Tourism GDP. By using the Granger Causality Test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), this study found that the international tourist arrivals affect Tourism FDI and Tourism FDI affe
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11

Neupane, Hari Sharma, Chandra Lal Shrestha, and Tara Prasad Upadhyaya. "Modelling Monthly International Tourist Arrivals and Its Risk in Nepal." NRB Economic Review 24, no. 1 (2012): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nrber.v24i1.52731.

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The volume of international tourist arrivals is the prime concern for both the tourism entrepreneurs and policy makers, as the arrivals is directly associated with foreign exchange earnings or export benefits, and tourism induced economic activities. The overall average annual growth of international tourist arrivals in the country over the last 40 years is about 6.65 percent. The mean contribution of tourism sector as a percentage of GDP was 2.67 percent during the last 35 years. This paper explores the risk associated in the Nepalese tourism industry taking account of monthly international t
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Bar-On, Raphael Raymond. "Global Tourism Trends to 1997: Africa." Tourism Economics 4, no. 2 (1998): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669800400208.

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The World Tourism Organization (WTO) reported 613 million international tourist arrivals (excluding day-visitors) in 1997 worldwide, 3.1% above 1996, with Receipts reported from international tourism totalling US$444 billion, 2.2% above 1996 (in current US$, including receipts from day-visitors, excluding International Fares). Tourist arrivals are presented for 47 countries of WTO's Africa Region (by Sub-Regions), totalling 23.3 million tourist arrivals, 8.1% above 1996, and their receipts from international tourism, totalling US$8.7 billion, 4.8% above 1996.
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13

Tsui, Wai Hong Kan, and Faruk Balli. "International arrivals forecasting for Australian airports and the impact of tourism marketing expenditure." Tourism Economics 23, no. 2 (2016): 403–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/te.2015.0507.

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An airport’s international passenger arrivals are susceptible to exogenous and endogenous factors (such as economic conditions, flight services, fluctuations and shocks). Accurate and reliable airport passenger demand forecasts are imperative for policymaking and planning by airport and airline management as well as by tourism authorities and operators. This article employs the Box–Jenkins SARIMA, SARIMAX and SARIMAX/EGARCH volatility models to forecast international passenger arrivals for the eight key Australian airports (Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Gold Coast, Melbourne, Perth and S
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14

Makoni, Tendai, Delson Chikobvu, and Caston Sigauke. "Hierarchical Forecasting of the Zimbabwe International Tourist Arrivals." Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing 9, no. 1 (2021): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-959.

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The objectives of the paper is to: (1) adopt the hierarchical forecasting methods in modelling and forecasting international tourist arrivals in Zimbabwe; and (2) coming up with Zimbabwe international tourist arrivals Prediction Intervals (PIs) in Quantile Regression Averaging (QRA) to hierarchical tourism forecasts. Zimbabwe’s monthly international tourist arrivals data from January 2002 to December 2018 was used. The dataset used was before the COVID-19 period and were disaggregated according to the purpose of the visit (POV). Three hierarchical forecasting approaches, namely top-down, botto
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Galil, B. S., A. Marchini, A. Occhipinti-Ambrogi, et al. "International arrivals: widespread bioinvasions in European Seas." Ethology Ecology & Evolution 26, no. 2-3 (2014): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2014.897651.

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16

Lin, Yi-Chen, and Wen-Shuenn Deng. "Are per capita international tourist arrivals converging?" International Review of Economics & Finance 57 (September 2018): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2018.01.013.

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17

Barman, Hemanta, and Hiranya K. Nath. "What determines international tourist arrivals in India?" Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 24, no. 2 (2018): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1556712.

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18

Lema, Godwin. "COVID-19 Impact and Tourism Recovery Geopolitics: A Paradox in Tanzania." Tanzania Journal for Population studies and Development 28, no. 1 (2021): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tjpsd.v28i1.117.

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Responses to recover from the first wave of COVID-19 crisis created a divide globally partly as some countries interpreted the pandemic defiantly, aptly to rescue their tourism, among other sectors. A lasting tragedy of the pandemic impact continues to particularly frustrate global tourism mobility unless strategic consensus is found. The strategy that Tanzania adopted to restore tourism early amidst the pandemic is examined in this article. It draws from headlines, surveys, tourist arrival statistics and interviews with industry actors. Findings revealed that from 16th March 2020, Tanzania re
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19

Tan, Chuie-Hong, and See-Nie Lee. "Investigating the Impact of International Tourist Arrivals on Economic Growth under Environmental Hazards in Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 13, no. 5 (2022): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2022.13.5.1392.

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Tourist receipts is a crucial determinant in Malaysian economic growth. However, environmental hazards due to climate change is perceived as potential threats to tourism. This paper aims to understand the effect of environmental hazards on the international tourist arrivals in Malaysia. Malaysian monthly data was analyzed using the linear regression approach to examine the tourism-led economic growth. Granger Causality Test is employed to test for directional cause analysis among variables. Overall results also show that an increase in environmental hazards that moderated with international to
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20

Ghaderi, Zahed, Behnaz Saboori, and Mana Khoshkam. "Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in the MENA Region: The Roles of International Tourist Arrivals, Energy Consumption and Trade Openness." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (2023): 2553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032553.

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This paper employed advanced panel methods to examine the effects of international tourist arrivals on CO2 emissions in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the period of 1995–2018. To analyze the predictive power of tourist arrivals for CO2 emissions, the panel Granger non-causality test was employed. Employing the common correlated effects mean group estimator showed that tourist arrival reduces CO2 emissions, while energy consumption and trade openness are the main contributors of CO2 emissions. Results also showed that although first-generation estimators confirmed the Envir
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21

Tan, Chuie-Hong, and See-Nie Lee. "THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER DENGUE FEVER RISK IN MALAYSIA." Journal of Economics and Sustainability 4, no. 2 (2022): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jes2022.4.2.3.

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Dengue fever has long been a community health problem in tropical countries. Dengue virus is a crucial cause of disease in international tourists, with a rising number of them returning from dengue‐endemic countries infected with dengue fever. This study analyses the impact of international tourist arrivals on economic growth moderated by dengue fever cases in Malaysia from 2014 until 2020. This study was carried out using secondary monthly data for dengue fever cases, gross domestic product (GDP), and international tourist arrivals. A correlation test was used to analyse the correlation betwe
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Paladines Amaiquema, Jesser Roberto, and Lourdes Amaiquema Illesca. "FORECASTING INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DEMAND FOR ECUADOR." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 8 (2017): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i8.2017.2177.

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The international tourism demand for Ecuador was forecasted in this paper, with monthly data of foreign arrivals to Ecuador for the period 2000 to 2016. The Box-Jenkins model was applied, specifically the technique called ARIMA, in order to stablish the best fit to the foreign arrivals from the monthly period from January to June of 2017. According to results, the model was no statistically significant, residual correlations problem was found.
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Jesser, Roberto Paladines Amaiquema, and Amaiquema Illesca Lourdes. "FORECASTING INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DEMAND FOR ECUADOR." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 5, no. 8 (2017): 11–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.853108.

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The international tourism demand for Ecuador was forecasted in this paper, with monthly data of foreign arrivals to Ecuador for the period 2000 to 2016. The Box-Jenkins model was applied, specifically the technique called ARIMA, in order to stablish the best fit to the foreign arrivals from the monthly period from January to June of 2017. According to results, the model was no statistically significant, residual correlations problem was found.
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Shrestha, Rajendra Man, and Aabha Shrestha. "Assessment of Tourism in Nepal with Reference to Regional Countries: Trend Analysis and ARIMA Approach." Journal of Tourism and Himalayan Adventures 3, no. 1 (2021): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jtha.v3i1.39116.

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Tourism (either domestic or international or both) is an internationally flourished business or industry all over the world. The economic foundations of tourism are essentially the cultural assets, the cultural property and the nature of the travel location. So, it has a greater contribution to the country’s balance of payments. Simple trend analysis was carried out using a set of line graphs along simple linear regression. For forecasting of international tourist arrivals of period: 1962-2020, and real per capita international tourist receipts of period: 1995-2018, the suitable Auto-Regressiv
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Gani, Azmat, and Michael D. Clemes. "The main determinants effecting international visitor arrivals in New Zealand." Tourism Economics 23, no. 5 (2016): 921–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816616656417.

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This study examines the main determinants of international visitor arrivals in New Zealand in light of New Zealand’s major earthquakes in 2010 and 2011 as well as the global financial crisis of 2007. Our results provide strong evidence that visitor origin country per capita incomes, relative prices, real exchange rates, the distance between New Zealand and its main visitor origin countries and New Zealand’s record of good governance are statistically significant determinants of visitor arrivals to New Zealand. Our findings also reveal a negative but statistically insignificant effect of the ea
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Turner, L., N. Kulendran, and H. Fernando. "The Use of Composite National Indicators for Tourism Forecasting." Tourism Economics 3, no. 4 (1997): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669700300401.

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This paper identifies the usefulness of available national indicators in forecasting tourist arrivals to Australia from the USA, Japan, the UK and New Zealand. Income, unemployment, forward exchange rate, money supply, price ratio, industrial production, imports and exports of the tourist's country of origin are potential leading indicators of the tourist arrival series. A composite indicator is developed to forecast tourist arrivals. Further, disaggregated data are analysed to determine whether there is likely to be any increase in accuracy if the travel data is divided by travel type. The ma
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Goldman, Ogen S., and Michal Neubauer-Shani. "Does International Tourism Affect Transnational Terrorism?" Journal of Travel Research 56, no. 4 (2016): 451–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287516649059.

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Studies focusing on the relationship between transnational terrorism and tourism examine the effect of terror on tourism, while this study looks at a different question: does international tourism affect transnational terrorism? We hypothesized that the higher the number of international tourist arrivals to a country, the higher the number of terror attacks, and examined this effect from four distinct aspects: perpetration by foreign attackers against local victims, perpetration by local attackers against foreign victims, perpetration by foreign attackers against foreign victims, and perpetrat
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Murphy, Ffion, and Brian Castro. "Arrivals." Journal of Australian Studies 23, no. 61 (1999): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443059909387478.

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Vierhaus, Christopher. "The international tourism effect of hosting the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup." Tourism Economics 25, no. 7 (2018): 1009–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816618814329.

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This study analyzes whether hosting mega-sporting events is a useful marketing platform for countries to promote international tourism on a longer term basis. Our model adopts the gravity equation of international trade to bilateral international tourist arrivals. We find a country-level tourism effect only for the Summer Olympic Games. Hosting increases international tourist arrivals significantly in the 8 years before, during, and in the 20 years after the event. In contrast, hosting the FIFA World Cup is overall ineffective in tourism promotion despite higher tourist arrivals in the event y
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Supiandi, Supiandi, Muhamad Zaril Gapari, Muhammad Azizurrohman, Riduan Mas’ud, and Putrawan Habibi. "Does Temperature Matter? Case Study of International Tourist Arrivals in Indonesia." AS-SABIQUN 4, no. 5 (2022): 1098–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36088/assabiqun.v4i5.2068.

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Climate is one of several elements that can impact tourist decisions when deciding where to go on vacation. The climate of a country can influences the desirability of a trip in either a favorable or bad way. However, few studies look at the impact of temperature on tourist decisions, particularly in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the impact of temperature on the arrival of foreign tourists in Indonesia. In the period 2017-2019, the authors used panel data from 168 countries of origin of tourists. To ensure that the research findings were consistent, all models were
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Bar-On, Raphael Raymond. "Africa." Tourism Economics 6, no. 1 (2000): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000000101297497.

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WTO reported 24.7 million international tourist arrivals (excluding day-visitors) in 1998 in its Africa region, 6.4% above 1997, out of 635 million worldwide (2.5% above 1997). Receipts reported from international tourism in Africa totalled US$9.6 billion, 6.6% above 1997 (in current US$, including receipts from day-visitors, excluding international fares), out of US$439 billion worldwide (only 0.3% above 1997). Tourist arrivals, receipts and hotel capacity are presented for 50 countries. WTO reported revised data for 1998 (on 25/1/00): 25 million tourist arrivals out of 637 worldwide with rec
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Kourtzidis, Stavros A., Panayiotis Tzeremes, Nickolaos G. Tzeremes, and Tomáš Heryán. "Integration of tourism markets in Australia." Tourism Economics 24, no. 7 (2018): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816618776184.

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By applying the methodological framework of transition modeling and econometric convergence tests introduced by Phillips and Sul, we reveal the existence of convergence clubs and transition convergence paths of international visitor arrivals for Australia. Specifically, by using monthly data of international arrivals over the period of January 1991 to September 2017, we provide evidence that tourism markets can integrate. The analysis suggests the identification of five distinct convergence clubs. This in turn signifies an integration phenomenon of Australia’s tourism market, which is revealed
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Rahman, Arief. "The Causal Effect of Air Pollution on International Tourist Arrivals." Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 5, no. 6 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v5i6.1321.

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This paper adopts two approaches in examining the effects of air pollution on foreign tourist visits, namely instrumental variables and long-run growth, using dataset of 141 countries in period 2010-2017. The log of value added of industry per capita is used as an instrumental variable for the log of mean annual exposure of PM2.5 air pollution. Long-run growth of international tourist arrivals and mean annual exposure of PM2.5 air pollution are used in analyzing the long-run growth effect. The findings are that the level of air pollution has a negative influence on the number of foreign touris
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Bar-On, Raphael Raymond. "Global Tourism Trends — To 1996." Tourism Economics 3, no. 3 (1997): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669700300307.

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International tourism in 1996 has been reported by the World Tourism Organization as 594 million tourist arrivals (excluding day-visitors), 5.3% above 1995, with receipts from international tourism totalling US$423 billion (excluding international fares, including day-visitors), 6.0% above 1995 (in current US$). These are detailed by regions, with the tourist arrivals for the top 40 destinations and receipts and expenditures for the Top Ten countries.
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Ivlevs, Artjoms. "Happy Hosts? International Tourist Arrivals and Residents’ Subjective Well-being in Europe." Journal of Travel Research 56, no. 5 (2016): 599–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287516662353.

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While there has been a growing interest in the relationship between perceived tourism impacts and residents’ quality of life, little is known about how residents’ well-being is affected by actual tourist arrivals. This article studies the effect of international tourist arrivals on the subjective well-being—happiness and life satisfaction—of residents in European countries. Data come from the six waves of the European Social Survey, conducted in 32 countries in 2002-2013. The results of the OLS fixed-effects and instrumental-variable estimations suggest that tourist arrivals reduce residents’
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Matsakis, Demetrios N., Frederick J. Josties, and Roger S. Foster. "An International Pulsar Data Archive." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 160 (1996): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100041051.

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Momanyi, Nancy, George Obonyo, Scholastica Odhiambo, and Billy Wadongo. "Exploring the Relationship between Stochastic Events and Patterns of International Tourism in Kenya." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 3, no. 2 (2023): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/jht.1546.

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Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the fluctuations in international tourist arrivals in Kenya and identify the underlying factors contributing to these trends. The study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of stochastic events on tourist arrivals.
 Methodology: The research focused on international tourist arrivals in Kenya across seven geographical areas. It utilized annual time series data from 1980 to 2020 and examined various variables, including tourism arrivals, terrorism, political instability, conferences, and natural disasters. Descriptive st
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Hoan, Phan Thanh, Huong Nguyen Thi Le, My Duong Thi Dieu, and Tri Tran Duc. "Examining the relationship between tourism, trade, and income: evidence from Vietnam." International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy (2687-2293) 5, no. 3 (2023): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/ijbes.v5i3.428.

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Vietnam's tourism industry has been one of the economy's key growth drivers for years. This study examines the relationship between international tourist arrivals, bilateral trade, and income in Vietnam by applying a cointegration model with the panel data of Vietnam and its major global tourism markets. The results show that export and per capita income significantly influence Vietnam's international tourist arrivals from 2008 to 2019. The study also uses causality techniques to test for the direction of causality and found a two-way causal effect from exports and income to international tour
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Sharma, Laxmi Kanta, and Ambika Ghimire. "Analysis of Tourist Arrival in Nepal." Cognition 2, no. 1 (2019): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cognition.v2i1.55573.

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The present paper is prepared based on review of literature and secondary data with an objective to analyze the trend of tourist arrivals in Nepal in last eighteen years. Attempt has been made to capture different aspects of tourist arrivals in Nepal. Rate of tourist arrival in Nepal has been found increasing since 2016 with decreasing rate of average expenditure per visitor. Nepal has been formally open for international tourists since 1951 and mountain tourism is the pioneer of all. The overall average length of stay of tourists in Nepal is about 11.77 days for last 18 years. Nepal is popula
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Karki Nepal, Apsara, and Mani Nepal. "Impact of Biodiversity on International Tourism: A Cross Country Analysis." Economic Journal of Nepal 35, no. 1 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejon.v35i1.13408.

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Using cross country data from 134 countries around the world, this research investigates the impact of biodiversity on tourist arrivals and earnings from the international tourism. Our results indicate that the biodiversity index is a significant determinant of the international tourist arrivals and earnings from international tourism. The access to the Internet is equally important for attracting international tourists in a country. These results remain robust when we include lagged value of biodiversity index. The Economic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 35, No. 1, January-March 2012 (Issue N0. 137)
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Samiyev, Siroj Saitovich, and Sitora Sho'hratovna Mustafaqulova. "TOURIST ARRIVALS IN ARGENTINA." Marketing 2, no. 1 (2025): 162–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14890984.

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Tourism is one of the developing spheres throughout the world. This survey displays the most essential factors that impact tourist arrivals in Argentina, focusing on data between 1995 and 2016 from three different countries: Bolivia, Brazil, and Chile. The research analyzed how having a common spoken language, tourist income in origin, distance between origin countries and Argentina, political stability in origin countries, and tourist income in distance affect tourism. To gain data, 5 independent variables were analyzed using linear regression in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (S
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Wulandary, Septie. "Vector Autoregressive Integrated (VARI) Method for Forecasting the Number of Internasional Visitor in Batam and Jakarta." Jurnal Matematika, Statistika dan Komputasi 17, no. 1 (2020): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jmsk.v17i1.10536.

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Forecasting methods that are often used are time series analysis, the Autoregressive (AR) method. The AR method only carries out univariate analysis, meaning that it carries out a separate model between the number of international visitor coming to Indonesia through Batam and Jakarta. Though there is a possibility, the number of international visitor arriving through Jakarta affects the number of international visitor arriving through Batam. Therefore, in this study the Vector Autoregressive Integrated (VARI) method is used. The VARI model is used on the number of international visitor arrival
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Korol, Oleksandr. "THE FACTOR OF THREATS AND DANGERS IN INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON INBOUND TOURISM FLOWS." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 58, no. 1 (2025): 111–23. https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.25.1.11.

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The article examines the influence of the factor of threats and dangers on international tourist arrivals for particular countries and for the world in general. In particular, the influence of this factor on changes in the dynamics of international tourist arrivals, which were observed due to significant negative growth to the previous year, was revealed. It was established which events that had the nature of a threat or danger, influenced these changes, and also clarified which of these events had a local, regional and global nature. The study is based on the methodological principles of indu
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Xu, Lizhi, Shouyang Wang, Jingjing Li, Ling Tang, and Yanmin Shao. "Modelling international tourism flows to China: A panel data analysis with the gravity model." Tourism Economics 25, no. 7 (2018): 1047–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816618816167.

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Based on the theoretical and empirical foundations of the gravity model, this article systematically investigates the determinants of international tourist arrivals to China. Various origin–destination (O-D) linked factors accounting for the economic, political and social/culture preferences between China and its tourist origins are particularly explored. Utilizing a panel data set of tourist arrivals to China from 21 countries from 1995 to 2014, the results suggest that the basic gravity determinants all have significant effects on tourist arrivals to China. Furthermore, four O-D linked facto
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Vera Gracia, Esteban Javier, and William Patricio Aguas Días. "Análisis Comparativo del Turismo en Ecuador: Impacto y Tendencias entre 2023 y 2024." Revista Científica Élite 7, no. 1 (2025): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.69603/itsqmet.vol7.n1.2025.93.

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The article analyzed the impact of tourism in Ecuador between 2023 and 2024, focusing on the challenges faced by the sector due to a decrease in international arrivals and the perception of insecurity. The primary objective was to assess differences in tourism behavior, considering arrivals, revenues, and changes in traveler preferences. A quantitative and descriptive methodological approach was employed, analyzing secondary data from official sources regarding international arrivals, balance of payments, and tourism employment. The results indicated a significant decline in international arri
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MUZINDUTSI, Paul-Francois, Fikile DUBE, and Jean-Claude MANALIYO. "IMPACT OF ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND POLITICAL RISKS ON TOURISM PERFORMANCE: A CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 38, no. 4 (2021): 1309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.38439-773.

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The contribution of tourism to a country’s economy is determined by country risk measures such as economic, financial and political risk. This study aimed to investigate short and long-run effects of country risk factors on international tourist arrivals and tourism revenue for the South African tourism industry. The sample period consists of monthly time series data of tourist arrivals, tourism revenue, and country risk factors from January 2004 to December 2018. Data was analysed using the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and non-linear ARDL (NARDL) models. The findings showed that the
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Clarke, J. P., J. Brooks, G. Nagle, A. Scacchioli, W. White, and S. R. Liu. "Optimized Profile Descent Arrivals at Los Angeles International Airport." Journal of Aircraft 50, no. 2 (2013): 360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.c031529.

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Virlanuta, Florina Oana, Iulian Adrian Sorcaru, Ludmila Daniela Manea, Mihaela Carmen Muntean, Rozalia Nistor, and Costel Nistor. "Modeling Influence Factors on International Tourist Arrivals in Romania." Risk in Contemporary Economy 1, no. 1 (2020): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/rce2067053284.

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Cunado, J., L. A. Gil-Alana, and F. Perez de Gracia. "Persistence in International Monthly Arrivals in the Canary Islands." Tourism Economics 14, no. 1 (2008): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000008783554811.

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BAGHİROV, Alig, and Teymur SARKHANOV. "INVESTIGATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PANEL CAUSALITY ANALYSIS: THE CASE OF BRICS COUNTRIES." Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites 60, no. 2 supplement (2025): 1136–46. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.602spl11-1487.

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This study investigates the causal relationships among the contribution of tourism income to GDP, international tourist arrivals, and capital investment in the travel and tourism sector in BRICS countries-Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa-over the period 1995 to 2020. Using the Emirmahmutoğlu and Köse Panel Causality Test, which accounts for crosssectional dependence and heterogeneity among panel units, the study systematically examines both unidirectional and bidirectional causal linkages among the three core variables. The empirical findings indicate a robust bidirectional causa
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