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1

Bruder, Kenneth A. "International benchmarking." Competitive Intelligence Review 3, no. 2 (1992): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cir.3880030203.

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2

Adams, Jonathan. "Benchmarking international research." Nature 396, no. 6712 (December 1998): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/25219.

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Vizjak, Ana, and Romina Alkier Radnić. "BENCHMARKING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY." Tourism and hospitality management 12, no. 1 (May 2006): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.12.1.15.

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Benchmarking in the international economy – in particular, in the economies of the most advanced countries – has emerged fairly recently. This is a modern economic concept that implies improving the performance of a company’s practices with the aim of increasing its competitive ability. Benchmarking is carried out through the mutual cooperation of managers with colleagues in similar or differing businesses; exchanged visits; brief, active participation in other companies; and through other forms of cooperation, providing insight to the production process or various practices in other, usually competitive companies. In essence, benchmarking in a form of education for top management personnel, enabling them to achieve a higher degree of business efficiency, and in turn, to enhance the competitive ability of their business entity,enterprise, company, etc. Highly valued by the Japanese in the 1980s, this type of education resulted in outstanding business achievements by the companies that applied these models of analytical operations. Through the application of this model, managers were provided with insight to the practices of competitive companies. This knowledge acquired from others they sought to apply in their own companies and as a result, they succeeded in considerably improving both the business and production efficiency of their companies. The aim of benchmarking is to detect a company’s internal weaknesses and to identify the competitive advantages of its stronger rivals. The efficiency level of the competition is revealed through an analysis of date gathered.
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Madsen, Dag Øivind, Kåre Slåtten, and Daniel Johanson. "The emergence and evolution of benchmarking: a management fashion perspective." Benchmarking: An International Journal 24, no. 3 (April 3, 2017): 775–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-05-2016-0077.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to the benchmarking literature by examining the historical emergence and evolution of benchmarking using the management fashion perspective as a theoretical lens. Design/methodology/approach The research approach followed in this paper can be characterized as explorative and theoretical. Insights from different data sources have been combined to provide a rich description of the emergence and evolution of benchmarking. Findings This analysis casts new light on several aspects of benchmarking’s emergence and evolution pattern. The characteristics of the benchmarking idea give it potential as a fashionable management tool. The widespread popularity and longevity of benchmarking can to a large extent be explained by the efforts of various actors to turn benchmarking into an institution. Research limitations/implications The paper is explorative and is limited by a reliance on secondary sources. Originality/value Although some researchers have noted that benchmarking could be viewed as a management fashion, management fashion theory has, only to a very limited extent, been used as a theoretical lens in the context of benchmarking. This research paper demonstrates that management fashion theory can provide valuable insights for research on benchmarking.
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Assaf, A. George, and Larry Dwyer. "Benchmarking International Tourism Destinations." Tourism Economics 19, no. 6 (December 2013): 1233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0354.

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Spiryagin, Maksym, Qing Wu, and Colin Cole. "International benchmarking of longitudinal train dynamics simulators: benchmarking questions." Vehicle System Dynamics 55, no. 4 (January 11, 2017): 450–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2016.1270457.

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Mainz, J., P. Bartels, H. Rutberg, and E. Kelley. "International benchmarking. Option or illusion?" International Journal for Quality in Health Care 21, no. 3 (February 1, 2009): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzp001.

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Tongzon, Jose L. "Systematizing international benchmarking for ports." Maritime Policy & Management 22, no. 2 (January 1995): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088839500000048.

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9

Dominique, K. C., A. A. Malik, and V. Remoquillo-Jenni. "International benchmarking: Politics and policy." Science and Public Policy 40, no. 4 (February 20, 2013): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scs128.

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10

Goncharuk, Anatoliy G., and Natalia Lazareva. "International performance benchmarking in winemaking." Benchmarking: An International Journal 24, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-07-2015-0071.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study winemaking efficiency with the help of international performance benchmarking and to finding ways for its improvement. Design/methodology/approach In this research, three models of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and other tools of international performance benchmarking are used to analyse the efficiency of wine companies. Return to scale (RTS) and scale efficiency, labour and capital productivity and some other indicators are examined. The research is based on a sample of 36 wine companies from 15 countries. Findings International benchmarking expands performance improvement for domestic companies. The most efficient wine companies are originated from Germany, USA and New Zeeland. Scale inefficiency and increasing RTS for most of the wine companies was identified. Only three wine companies have decreasing RTS (those from UK, Australia and France). To increase relative efficiency, these companies need to reduce the output and sales as their costs are growing faster than the revenues. A huge potential for cost reduction and efficiency growth within Ukrainian wine companies was revealed. Research limitations/implications The research is limited to a single industry. This is explained by the requirement of technology (product, service) homogeneity while using DEA tools. Practical implications Study results include the data and recommendations to develop winemaking. These results can be used by wine companies’ management, present and potential investors and proprietors, regulative public authority, e.g. to improve efficiency in winemaking. Originality/value This is the first paper that adapts various DEA models to measure efficiency in the wine industry of Ukraine and the tools of international performance benchmarking for wine companies around the world.
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Lampe, Les K., and James Hawkins. "International Benchmarking of Sustainability Practices." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2010, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864710798284940.

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Garg, Ajay Kumar, and Rumy Gupta. "Benchmarking." Global Business Review 8, no. 2 (December 2007): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097215090700800203.

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Hinze, Sybille, Jane Calvert, Thomas Reiss, Jacky Senker, and Pari Patel. "International benchmarking of biotech research centres." Research Evaluation 12, no. 2 (August 1, 2003): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154403781776663.

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Algaard, Eliane, and Piers Treacher. "Network Rail's international benchmarking programme, UK." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 167, no. 2 (May 2014): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/cien.13.00039.

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Edvardsen, Dag Fjeld, and Finn R. Førsund. "International benchmarking of electricity distribution utilities." Resource and Energy Economics 25, no. 4 (October 2003): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-7655(03)00045-9.

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Jamasb, T., and M. Pollitt. "Benchmarking and regulation: international electricity experience." Utilities Policy 9, no. 3 (September 2000): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-1787(01)00010-8.

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Keith, Wade, Monica Soltis, Nicholas Tyma, and Craig Gulka. "The 2005 NCSL International Benchmarking Survey." NCSLI Measure 1, no. 1 (March 2006): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315775.2006.11721304.

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Xavier, Patrick. "Monitoring telecommunications deregulation through international benchmarking." Telecommunications Policy 20, no. 8 (October 1996): 585–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(96)00044-4.

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19

Yasin, Mahmoud M., Marwan Wafa, and Michael H. Small. "Benchmarking JIT." Benchmarking: An International Journal 11, no. 1 (February 2004): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635770410520311.

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Mackenzie‐Williams, Peter. "Aviation benchmarking." Benchmarking: An International Journal 12, no. 2 (April 2005): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635770510593068.

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Shoham, Aviv, Shlomo Maital, Hariolf Grupp, and Sharon Lifshitz. "Technometric Benchmarking." Journal of Global Marketing 16, no. 1-2 (January 21, 2003): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j042v16n01_01.

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Lock, Dennis. "Benchmarking." International Journal of Project Management 19, no. 4 (May 2001): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-7863(99)00062-9.

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Buset, Karen Johanne, Ghislaine Declève, and Tuulevi Ovaska. "Hunting for the library value." Journal of EAHIL 15, no. 1 (April 5, 2019): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32384/jeahil15305.

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International cooperation is an essential part of library and information professionals' work. Three European health and medical libraries started a benchmarking project in year 2013, aiming at comparing services among our libraries in order to find and implement best practices. We wanted to share ideas, solutions and examples. The purpose of this paper is to give the final report of the five-year benchmarking project. The project was a continuous best-practice benchmarking process. At the end the process, we essentially experienced this kind of library benchmarking as a communication and development tool. International benchmarking provides new skills for information professionals
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Dawkins, Peter, Simon Feeny, and Mark N. Harris. "Benchmarking firm performance." Benchmarking: An International Journal 14, no. 6 (October 30, 2007): 693–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635770710834491.

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Shamma, Hamed, and Salah Hassan. "Customer‐driven benchmarking." Benchmarking: An International Journal 20, no. 3 (May 24, 2013): 377–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635771311318144.

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Ahn, Mark J., and Daniel Dornbusch. "Competency‐based benchmarking." Benchmarking: An International Journal 11, no. 2 (April 2004): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635770410532615.

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Ruževičius, Juozas. "Ecological footprint: Evaluation methodology and international benchmarking." Verslo ir teisės aktualijos 6, no. 1 (July 13, 2010): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/1822-9530.2011.01.

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Larina, L. N. "Benchmarking as an International Students' Recruiting Instrument." University Management: Practice and Analysis 106, no. 6 (2016): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/umj.2016.106.064.

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Yang, Chyan, and Wen-Min Lu. "Performance Benchmarking For Taiwan’s International Tourist Hotels." INFOR: Information Systems and Operational Research 44, no. 3 (August 2006): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03155986.2006.11732750.

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30

Baxter, Janet P., Lyn Gillanders, Kath Angstmann, Michael Staun, Carmel O’Hanlon, Trevor Smith, Fransica Joly, et al. "Home parenteral nutrition: An international benchmarking exercise." e-SPEN Journal 7, no. 5 (October 2012): e211-e214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnme.2012.08.001.

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31

Taschner, Andreas. "Improving SME logistics performance through benchmarking." Benchmarking: An International Journal 23, no. 7 (October 3, 2016): 1780–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-03-2015-0029.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the applicability of current benchmarking proposals for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and to suggest a condensed process for logistics benchmarking in SMEs. Design/methodology/approach The paper starts by outlining why the logistics function is of increasing importance for SMEs. It discusses the benefit of logistics benchmarking and typical SME restrictions in benchmarking. Available approaches to benchmarking are discussed and their weaknesses when applied to SME logistics benchmarking are analyzed. The paper develops a new benchmarking process framework for SME logistics benchmarking and reports findings of a case application in three German SMEs. Findings The paper suggests a conceptual framework for logistics benchmarking in SMEs. The framework was tested in three German case companies. Results suggest that the suggested process together with the employed benchmarking tools and templates provide valuable support for SMEs in a logistics benchmarking project. Research limitations/implications The conceptual framework developed has been tested in selected case companies only. Possible adaptations to specific industry needs or cultural differences need to be integrated. Practical implications The process framework developed provides practical guidance for SMEs that want to embark on a logistics benchmarking exercise. Originality/value The paper outlines weaknesses of current SME benchmarking approaches and provides practical support by outlining an adapted process together with specific implementation tools.
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Bogetoft, Peter, Jens-Martin Bramsen, and Kurt Nielsen. "Balanced benchmarking." International Journal of Business Performance Management 8, no. 4 (2006): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbpm.2006.009609.

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Zhou, Xing, and Holger Kohl. "High-performance benchmarking of manufacturing processes with object-based modeling." Benchmarking: An International Journal 24, no. 7 (October 2, 2017): 2063–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-05-2016-0061.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to guide companies in conducting benchmarking studies of their manufacturing processes by viewing across industries, locations and products. In particular, the proposed framework can help corporate decision makers in terms of production footprint and site location studies. The level of benchmarking performance can be measured by evaluating defined benchmarking evaluation profiles. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops a tool to operationalize value-added manufacturing processes for benchmarking evaluations. In this context, an object-oriented database structure has been developed for the business areas such as product development, manufacturing and assembly. This paper focuses on manufacturing processes. Furthermore, a framework for applying high-performance benchmarking has been developed and applied in a case study. Findings This paper shows that object class-oriented modeling approach can be applied to manufacturing processes. The higher the degree of independence in terms of locations, industry sectors and products, the more powerful thus a higher performance of benchmarking is achieved. The performance level of benchmarking has been defined by proving and demonstrating higher and lower performance levels. The high-performance benchmarking tool has been successfully applied to a production footprint case study. Originality/value This paper takes up the superiority of process benchmarking that has been the focus of numerous research papers on benchmarking techniques in the past. The potential of process benchmarking has been enhanced and operationalized as a tool. A classification logic for benchmarking evaluation profiles has been developed and integrated in the overall tool set. The model helps decision makers to configure their benchmarking studies tailored to their strategic entrepreneurial questions and to guide them to achieve a higher benchmarking performance level.
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Al Nuseirat, Ahmad Abdullah, Zeyad Mohammad El Kahlout, Ahmed Abbas, Dotun Adebanjo, Prattana Punnakitikashem, and Robin Mann. "An analysis of a structured benchmarking project." Benchmarking: An International Journal 26, no. 5 (July 1, 2019): 1431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-02-2018-0032.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate a benchmarking project carried out by the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) as part of a structured benchmarking initiative. The project was based on the TRADE benchmarking methodology and this paper examines the tools, activities and outcomes that relate to each stage of the adopted methodology. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on case study methodology. Data were collected from various sources including analysis of project reports written by DEWA’s benchmarking team reporting on their activities during the project. Data were also collected from four project presentations given at different stages of the project. In addition, the research team held three meetings with the DEWA benchmarking team at different stages of the benchmarking project. Findings The results show the key challenges and successes faced during each stage of the benchmarking project. It indicates the actions taken to overcome the challenges and the role played by internal and external stakeholders in facilitating the success of the benchmarking project. Practical implications The study presents information that would guide organisations that wish to carry out a benchmarking project – and particularly those implementing benchmarking for the first time. The study provides a summary of the key lessons learnt by DEWA’s benchmarking team as a guide for other organisations. Originality/value Academic research has not adequately examined and analysed the stage-by-stage elements of a benchmarking project from the perspective of the implementing organisation. This study addresses this gap by detailing and analysing the experiences of a benchmarking project by tracking the stage-by-stage activities of the benchmarking team.
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Resnick, Lauren B., Katherine J. Nolan, and Daniel P. Resnick. "Benchmarking Education Standards." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 17, no. 4 (December 1995): 438–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737017004438.

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Recently, standards have become the currency of education reform efforts in the U.S. However, there is no international consensus on what constitutes “world-class” education. The New Standards Project has designed research to describe standards in other countries by using the case-study approach of ethnography to collect data (e.g., curricula, texts, exams, student work, and professional views). The review/analysis of the data is organized by a set of fundamental questions, the answers to which constitute a contextualized account of what students are expected to know and be able to do.
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Sibgatullina-Denis, Irene, Oscar R. Riabov, Elena E. Merzon, and Alica Vančová. "Descriptive Analysis of Benchmarking in Respect to SMART/UNI-Q Systems’ Intellectual Integrations within the European Higher Education Area." Integration of Education 24, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 532–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.101.024.202004.532-551.

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Introduction. The strategy for the development of international education ERASMUS 20.30 stimulates the study of how intellectual integration programmes are introduced into the system of further education of universities around the world. The research is relevant, for studying the integration of intellectual potential in a single space of higher and further education EHEA allows to determine the efficacy of application of world benchmarking technologies in the management of SMART/UNI-Q systems and the convergence of world universities. The EU Education Department conditioned the significance of the research content by the target request to investigate the change in the benchmarking mission at the international education market and to make a thorough informational review of its application in the international activities of universities in the EU, CIS and the Russian Federation for the dissemination of information by international partner universities of ERASMUS central office. The study aims at identifying general and specific indicators of sustainable international partnerships that affect consumer demand at the international education and labour markets by means of concretization of an extensive descriptive analysis of the intellectual integration benchmarking and the description of the processes of benchmarking technology application, its scientific identification and implementation in individual universities, university alliances and consortia. Researchers were looking for an answer to the question: why, with high interest and theoretical recognition of technology benchmarking in quality management, universities show low rates of benchmarking in assessing the quality of their international activities. Materials and Methods. It is the first time that the research of benchmarking intellectual integrations in the university international activities uses the method of descriptive analysis. The study identifies active sectors of the SMART / UNI-Q benchmarking for the entire set of data voluntarily submitted by the universities participating in the projects of the Austrian Institute for Intellectual Integrations in the pre-pandemic period of 2017-2020. The participating countries have analyzed the share of key participants and the share of published benchmarking studies. The study analyzes the changes in the benchmarking mission in the international education market in accordance with the needs of global consumers. The analysis uses the data of the bases of the EU Department of Education, the ETINED platform and open-access European dissertation reviews portals. The research uses the WERGELAND European Resource Center data as the comparison point indicators. The study presents an analysis of five segments of international benchmarking: transparency, diversity, “product line”, digital activity, and digital management tools. Modus infographics shows the real, improved and ideal models. The applied comparative analysis studies the asynchrony of academic mobility during the COVID crisis. Results. The research findings show low value of efficiency indicators for the use of intellectual integration benchmarking in the international cooperation of university alliances. The predominance and stable efficiency in the use of benchmarking takes place at certain universities in Europe during periods of activity in implementing new strategies of international education and only for a short time most often during the periods of university accreditation. The model for overcoming sustainable development asynchronies in the management of SMART/UNI-Q systems according to the criterion of guaranteeing the quality of higher education in international cooperation EHEA is not final and today it is possible to characterize it through descriptive indicators. Amid the economic crisis and turbulence associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a decline in large-scale academic mobility is an inevitable trend. However, due to the growing difference in the responses of economies and management in the field of higher vocational education between developed and less developed countries, as well as with the strengthening of general trends in economic integration, the number of academic migrants is likely to increase. Asynchrony, that is, unevenness, of opportunities and adaptation to the new digital environment of university consortia and the possibility to implement the opportunities in practice has become a psychological problem of scientific migration. Discussion and Conclusion. The materials of this article will be useful to CEO-s of international universities, heads of departments of international activities, employees of ERASMUS national offices, coordinators of ERASMUS+ projects, departments of continuing professional education and academic mobility in the development of promising strategies for external and internal benchmarking of inter-university projects of intellectual integration and international activity quality management.
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Andersen, Bjørn, Bjørnar Henriksen, and Ingrid Spjelkavik. "Benchmarking applications in public sector principal‐agent relationships." Benchmarking: An International Journal 15, no. 6 (October 24, 2008): 723–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635770810915913.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the range of benchmarking applications that can be used in a principal‐agent relationship setting often found in the public sector.Design/methodology/approachCollection and critical analysis of secondary data from relevant publications addressing applications of benchmarking in the public sector. Extraction of knowledge from several research projects where the authors have been involved in studying and developing benchmarking approaches for different public sector organizations. Induction of new theory about the use of benchmarking in principal‐agent relationships in the public sector, grounded through empirical evidence from case studies.FindingsA number of new approaches to benchmarking in the public sector have been identified and described, some of which are already used in real life cases, others which need further development before being implemented. All of these can introduce benefits to both principals and agents involved in such benchmarking efforts.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper explores benchmarking applications that are almost exclusively relevant in a public sector setting, although some of them might be adapted to certain private sector conditions.Originality/valueWhereas most work on benchmarking in the public sector tend to view only improvement‐oriented, voluntary benchmarking as relevant and useful, this paper demonstrates how many different imposed benchmarking schemes with other purposes can be useful.
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Adewunmi, Yewande Adetoro, Hikmot Koleoso, and Modupe Omirin. "A qualitative investigation of benchmarking barriers in Nigeria." Benchmarking: An International Journal 23, no. 7 (October 3, 2016): 1677–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-06-2014-0055.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine benchmarking barriers among Nigerian facilities management (FM) practitioners. Design/methodology/approach Data collection were through semi-structured interviews with 34 FM heads from three selected cities in Nigeria. Out of this number, 16 were from Lagos, ten from Abuja while eight managers were from Port Harcourt, respectively. These managers were selected using purposive sampling based on their experience in the field of FM across the various sectors of the economy. The interviews were analysed with Nvivo 10 software qualitative computer software. Findings Those that do informal benchmarking face challenges with data, employees lack of confidence in new initiatives and poor support of senior management, the companies that use best practice benchmarking face constraints of access to information and employees unwillingness to change and comply to company set standards, unwillingness of benchmarking partners to understand the usefulness of the project, and problems that emanate from the quality of data obtained. Practical implications The results therefore suggest that to improve the practice of best practice benchmarking there is need to improve both quantity and quality of data for the exercise and enhance standard practice. Originality/value The study established a new category of benchmarking barriers called the market category of benchmarking barriers and further distinguished benchmarking barriers based on two forms of benchmarking which is informal and formal benchmarking. Also there are limited studies on benchmarking barriers in developing countries.
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Albertin, Marcos Ronaldo, Heraclito Lopes Jaguaribe Pontes, Enio Rabelo Frota, and Matheus Barros Assunção. "Flexible benchmarking: a new reference model." Benchmarking: An International Journal 22, no. 5 (July 6, 2015): 920–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-05-2013-0054.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and propose a new way to do benchmarking. It describes an explanatory case study whereby data are collected through an internet benchmarking system with multi-criteria performance. Design/methodology/approach – The research methodology was to conduct a literature review on international journals about evolution, typology and trends of benchmarking. Through a third year case study of Internet Benchmarking and Monitoring System of Productive Arrangements System the authors describe and propose a flexible benchmarking model. Findings – The paper provides empirical insights about a new model of flexible benchmarking taking into account different demands, whereby partners’ data are collected and processed according to their needs. Research limitations/implications – For monitoring and trending analysis more data and time is needed. These three-year applications show that it takes a long time to build a database that can be meaningful for benchmarking and monitoring purposes management. It also requires management maturity, performance system and finally procedures to invite companies to collect and input online data. Practical implications – The paper describes a flexible benchmarking, detailing its features in the form of a case study. The gap analysis shows the individual and collective gaps and requirements. Examples of practical use and reports generated “online” are presented. Originality/value – The paper presents a new potential for the use of benchmarking tools. It is expected to contribute to the academic area, describing ways to achieve greater potential in the use of benchmarking tools, proposing a new way to do benchmarking.
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Pharro, Richard. "Practical benchmarking." International Journal of Project Management 14, no. 2 (April 1996): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-7863(96)90009-5.

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Pretorius, Rigardt, and Henk Louw. "Benchmarking a Setswana language learning course against international standards." Journal for Language Teaching 54, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 253–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jlt.v54i1.8.

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This paper argues that it is necessary for the intellectualisation of African languages to establish a way of benchmarking language learning courses against international theory and best practice. This benchmarking exercise also forms part of the reiterative interaction between course design and course evaluation. We discuss basic language learning within the BICS/CALP distinction and the Common European Framework of Reference for Language (CEFRL). We argue that both BICS/CALP and CEFRL are too broad for a Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) course, but that a basic learning course is necessary as the foundation for an LSP course in the target language. We illustrate that the CEFRL level descriptors and the BICS/CALP distinction can be used to benchmark a well-functioning, basic language learning course in Setswana against international standards, but that certain language specific differences between European and African languages need to be taken into account. For this, an adapted framework is presented, based on theCEFRL level descriptors. The article cannot yet indicate if such benchmarking can be extended to an LSP course in general or to an LSP course for African Languages still in need of LSP development. Keywords: Setswana; language learning; benchmarking; Language for Specific Purposes; beginner language; Common European Frame of Reference; BICS; CALP; Course design; course evaluation.
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Pigott, K., A. Rapley, J. Robinson, A. Pritchard-Copley, and S. de Lusignan. "An Informatics Benchmarking Statement." Methods of Information in Medicine 46, no. 04 (2007): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/me0442.

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Summary Objectives: Benchmarking statements provide a mechanism for making academic standards explicit within a subject area. They allow comparisons between courses to be based on learning outcomes rather than by defining a curriculum. No such statement has been produced for informatics. In the absence of any established benchmarking statements for informatics a new biomedical informatics course at St. George’s has developed a first benchmarking statement — which defines the skills knowledge and understanding a biomedical informatics student should acquire by the time they completethe course. Methods: Review of national biomedical science and computing subject benchmarking statements and academic educational objectives and national occupational competencies in informatics. Results: We have developed a twenty-item benchmarking statement and this is available on-line at: http://www.gpinformatics.org/benchmark2006/. This benchmarking statement includes a definition and justification for all twenty statements. We found international educational objectives and national informatics competencies useful and these are mapped to each one. National subject benchmarks for computing and biomedical science were less useful and have not been systematically mapped. Conclusions: Benchmarking the skills, knowledge and understanding that a student should acquire during their course of study may be more useful than setting a standard curriculum. This benchmarking statement is a first step towards defining the learning outcomes and competencies a student of this discipline should acquire. The international informatics community should consider moving from a standard curriculum to an agreed subject benchmarking statement for medical, health and biomedical informatics.
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Current, John R., and Charles A. Weber. "Purchaser‐originated benchmarking: PROBING." Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, no. 5 (October 2003): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635770310495483.

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Boulter, Louise. "Legal issues in benchmarking." Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, no. 6 (December 2003): 528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635770310505166.

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Boisvert, Hugues, and Marie‐Andrée Caron. "Benchmarking web site functions." Benchmarking: An International Journal 13, no. 1/2 (January 2006): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635770610644664.

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Saunders, Max, Robin Mann, and Robin Smith. "Benchmarking strategy deployment practices." Benchmarking: An International Journal 14, no. 5 (September 4, 2007): 609–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635770710819281.

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McKinnon, Alan C. "Benchmarking road freight transport." Benchmarking: An International Journal 16, no. 5 (August 28, 2009): 640–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635770910987850.

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Nguyen, Anh Tuan, and Nguyen Vang-Phuc Nguyen. "Benchmarking industrial engineering programs." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 4 (May 8, 2018): 1194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-09-2016-0136.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the best practices of industrial engineering (IE) programs that could be learnt and used at other educational institutions. Design/methodology/approach Nine IE programs in the USA are benchmarked using a conceptual framework that considers an educational program as a system consisting of a purpose, a curriculum, resources, and quality processes. The information used in benchmarking is collected from the program self-study reports, course catalogs, and websites which are available on the internet. Findings It is found that in spite of their diversity in history, missions, sizes, and reputations, the studied programs are rather unified in terms of purpose definition, curriculum formation, resource selection, and quality process usage. From the analysis, a template of IE curriculum is proposed. Research limitations/implications As the selection of the studied programs is based on the availability of the information, the findings may not be representative for IE programs in the USA. Future work can aim at comparing IE programs from various countries. Practical implications The findings could be used as benchmarks by IE schools interested in the improvement of operations. Originality/value A conceptual framework for benchmarking is proposed and proves useful for comparing educational programs. The findings represent the current best practices at IE schools in the USA.
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Caiazza, Rosa. "Benchmarking of business incubators." Benchmarking: An International Journal 21, no. 6 (September 30, 2014): 1062–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-01-2013-0011.

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Purpose – Despite of the relevance of incubators, science and technology parks on technology diffusion, few studies have compared different systems of innovation to identify the main factors affecting their capability to support spin-offs. Although research on incubators has received increased attention in recent years, few studies have been focused on the main factors affecting their underdevelopment in some developed economies. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap in the literature by analysing the Italian system of innovation through a comparative analysis with other developed economies. Design/methodology/approach – The paper proposes a comparative analysis in order to evidence the main differences between systems of innovation. Based on these differences, it aims to analyse the main factors characterizing the Italian system of innovation. Findings – This paper identifies the main factors that explain diversity among systems of innovation. It then presents a deep analysis of the Italian system. Originality/value – This study contributes to the theoretical and practical debate on entrepreneurship and innovation systems.
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Guven‐Uslu, Pinar. "Benchmarking in health services." Benchmarking: An International Journal 12, no. 4 (August 2005): 293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635770510608999.

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