Academic literature on the topic 'International Broadcasting Association'

Russian TV industry is now undergoing a stage of impetuous reforming. Alongside with the introduction of the digital platform of nation-wide terrestrial broadcasting with free analogue programs other demanded segments of TV market - cable and satellite TV, IPTV, webcasting, mobile TV - are rapidly developing. The article surveys the International Exhibition CSTB’2012, (organized by MIDEXPO and Russian Association of Cable Broadcasting) as an example of the dynamics of the processes in Russian television.

Scholarship has long demonstrated how a focus on women's roles can reveal vital new elements of broadcasting history, adding critical perspectives on institutional, aesthetic, communicatory, and participatory media narratives. This article asks: What happens if we stop looking at the stories of women in broadcasting as “media history”? What other interpretive lenses and disciplinary traditions might we draw on, and how might we insert media fruitfully within them? The work derives from research on the early years of the International Association of Women in Radio and Television (IAWRT) as read from the correspondence of founder Wilhelmina (Lilian) Posthumus-van der Goot (1897–1989), and builds on IAWRT's example to develop methodological considerations for writing entangled transnational histories of gender and broadcasting, absorbing insights from studies of international organizations, collective biographies, and reconsiderations of the archive in the digital age.

The article concerns the first two years (1992-1993) of the formation of commercial broadcasting in Ukraine. It studies the factors that influenced the creation of the first commercial radio stations, which gradually attempted to switch from a “game mode” to the broadcasting business and business entrepreneurship. The activity of the first ten commercial radio companies is studied by means of systematization, content analysis, generalization and other methods. The authors of the article offer the documented time of the first airwaves of each company mentioned (from the authors‟ personal archives). The role that these stations played in the formation of commercial private broadcasting in Ukraine is analyzed. Additional information is given about the creation of the Association of Private Radio Stations in Ukraine which was intended to unite commercial radio stations. The minute of the seminar “Local Radio” is published for the first time. The meeting with the head officers of the radio stations present was organized by the public organization International Media Center – Internews (Ukraine) and by the training center British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC, England) from May 20 to June 3, 1994 in Pushcha-Vodytsia near Kyiv. It was there where they decided to create the association. One of the radio projects of MMC-Internews “Interview from Internews” is examined. It may be considered as the first radio project unifying commercial radio stations, and also the first student radio project at the private radio station in Ukraine. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study facts and documents (from the authors‟ personal archive) certifying the dialectic progress of Ukrainian commercial broadcasting from the so-called “musical patchwork” to the transformation into a profitable means of mass communication.

The recent zero-priced award of $11–70 billion in digital TV (DTV) licenses by the federal government occurred when auctions had been initiated for non-broadcast licenses and when the seven decade-old regime of ‘public trusteeship’ in broadcasting had become famous for licensee reneging on promised obligations. Policymakers nonetheless declined to auction DTV licenses when enacting the Telecommunications Act of 1996, rejecting a plea from the Senate Majority Leader. This paper provides an overview of the episode and investigates three basic questions. (1) Why does Congress continue a regulatory system that routinely fails to provide the benefits it is supposed to generate? (2) Why did the National Association of Broadcasters propose high definition television as a way of keeping land mobile operators off an unused spectrum? (3) Why did Congress delegate to the FCC the decision to award licenses for digital television broadcasting?

Properties of modern media space as a superposition of the physical, informational and virtual worlds are specified. Different approaches to the concepts of “media space”, “being”, “otherness”, “context” in the postmodern era are generalized. The questions of European unity in the genesis, the main sources of integration in Europe, the causes of the problem of preserving European identity, dialogue and related topics of understanding and problems of European identity in the metamodern era are presented. The interpretation of these concepts of Plotinus, Levinas and the main features of the philosophy of the Kievan Rus is considered. The main treaties and sources of soft law of the Council of Europe in the information sphere and the values that they carry with their content are analyzed. The joint actions of Ukraine, the European Union and the Council of Europe on implementation of transparency of media ownership, broadcasting of territorial communities, public broadcasting, digital broadcasting, information security measures are considered. The content of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and Ukraine and the emphasis on the protection of human rights in the system of international law are analyzed. The need for flexible approaches and a review of public policy in all areas in the context of globalization are emphasized. The main regulatory mechanisms in European cyberspace are presented. Principles and the history of the development of broadcasting of territorial communities in Europe are mentioned. The priorities of the state policy in the informational sphere are emphasized. The problems of development of modern information policy of Ukraine are determined. Directions of improvement of the concept of modern European media space and information policy in the region are proposed.

There are different marketing activities generating money for sport subjects depending on their properties which are offered for commercial exploitation. Marketing consists of different tools and ways how to generate money for sport such as selling of broadcasting (TV) and media rights, sponsorship, merchandising, licensing, ticketing, charities, donations, patronages. From the legal point of view, it is interesting to explore how different marketing tools are regulated. Certain parts of marketing matters are covered by legal rules. In 2011 Commission on Marketing and Advertising of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) issued the latest version of the ICC International Advertising and Marketing Communication Code. The document applies to different forms of sponsorship relating to corporate image, brands, products, activities or events of any kind. It includes sponsorship by both commercial and non-commercial organizations. The basic connection represents association between sports property and sponsor brand as a tool how to transfer image of the sport to the sponsor. The nature of the Code implies good governance in the field of sponsorship. Special attention deserves the principle of respecting the sponsorship property. The Code represents a useful opportunity for companies, business, associations, courts of law, public authorities, self regulatory bodies on national and international level and other institutions which are supposed to solve disputes in sponsorship cases. European Union law together with national legislation of EU members have set up rules for advertising sector of TV broadcast. Television without Frontiers Broadcasting Directive consists with the detailed time and other limitations for different situations. As EU directive does not regulate visual coverage of sponsor logos and other insignia visible during sport competition on TV that means that sponsors and other subjects do not need to respect rules of the directive. In the absence of formal legislation on national and international level the ICC Code represent a very useful tool to handle sponsorship agreements and possible disputes which could arise from them. The Code is designed primarily as an instrument for self-discipline. On the other hand it is also intended for use as an interpretative aid for the parties in the clarification of uncertainties arising under the sponsorship, as well as a reference for courts or arbitrators in sponsorship disputes.

Much conventional scholarship considers “the public” to be in decline in the modern Western world, following a range of cultural developments believed to encourage withdrawal into the private domain. Public Viewing Areas devoted to communicating live events may be interpreted as countering such a trend by attracting audiences to the public sphere. This article examines how the world governing body of association football, FIFA, recently aimed to achieve such an objective by broadcasting the 2010 World Cup at six designated international Fan Fest sites. Drawing on theories of “spectacle” and sociality, the implications of FIFA’s initiative are interrogated by examining whether the environment and surveillance measures characterizing the “global spectacle” facilitated social interaction. In the process, established understandings of the “fall” and “quality” of public life are canvassed to propose how these collective fora might engender “meaningful” public communication beyond crowd assimilation through spatial co-presence and shared mediated imagery alone.

The rapid development of digital technologies has a significant impact on the media market and media systems as a whole. Despite the fact that traditional TV has become the first to have mastered the digital platform and still retains leadership among audiences of different countries, it is also experiencing the pressure of evolutionary technologies. One of these areas is the competitive dynamic development of technological tools to create a virtual reality that completely captures the attention of consumers, especially the younger generation, and plunges them into the space of the surreal world. But is TV actually not familiar with virtual reality or is it just a stereotype, established as a result of the existence of analog TV for several decades in the last century? This author considers the terminological backing of virtual reality and the emergence of this definition as exemplified by cinema and TV, as well as analyzes the signing of the cooperation agreement between the Russian TV channel Digital TV (part of the holding VGTRK) and the largest technology company KROK for the purpose of creating a consortium for the development of virtual reality in the Russian market. The author also addresses the issue of possible consumer awareness manipulation, especially among the younger generation, with the abuses of games and other applications of virtual reality, and reveals dissonance in consumer awareness of the virtual and objective realities in the future. Besides, the trend of development in Russian TV broadcasting is considered, identified in the framework of the International Congress of the National Association of Broadcasters. The author rationalizes the involvement of the younger generation in the world of virtual reality, assuming that it will not only improve the profitability and capitalization of TV as the leading media system, but may also attract target audiences to domestic television viewing.

<p class="Default">This study has been carried out to analyze the National Team of Germany that had been the winner of the 2014 FIFA World Cup as the most successful team for several variables. Data analyzed in this research were gathered from the official web site of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association and the international TV channels broadcasting the competitions. Technic parameters such as shots, accurate shots, corner kicks, offsides, accurate and non-accurate passes, and variances of goals scored in the matches were analyzed according to the goal times and areas. Statistics were registered through SPSS program and the percentages and frequencies were calculated. Germany National Team, the most successful team of the 2014 FIFA World Cup has scored 18 goals with an average of 2.57 goals per match without conceding a goal in the first periods . This statistic is similar to all previous tournaments. All along the tournament, most (%74) of the first 11 players of the teams starting the matches were consisted of players from Bundesliga. Accurate shots’ percentage has been determined as %73.2, the average percentage of possessing the ball as %56.71 and also the percentage of accurate passes as %81.9 out of 4990 pass attempts. As a conclusion, to achieve great results in top level tournaments such as FIFA World Cup, there are important performance indicators to take into consideration. Regarding the success of the German National Soccer Team in the tournament, it is argued that especially possessing the ball, shooting and passing accurately with a high rate along with other performance indicators are the base elements of success.</p><p class="Default"> </p><p class="Default"><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışma, 2014 FIFA Dünya Kupasında ilk sırada yer alarak en başarılı takım olan Almanya Milli futbol takımının farklı değişkenler açısından analiz edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, müsabakaları yayımlayan uluslararası TV kanalından ve FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) resmi internet sitesinden elde edilmiştir. Müsabakalarda, atılan ve yenilen gollerin zaman dilimlerine göre dağılımı, bölgelere göre topa sahip olma yüzdeleri, atılan şut, isabetli şut, köşe vuruşu, ofsayt, başarılı ve başarısız pas sayıları gibi teknik parametrelerin dağılımları analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programında kaydedilmiş, frekans ve yüzde değerleri hesaplanarak yorumlanmıştır. 2014 Dünya kupasının en başarılı takımı olan Almanya Milli takımının, turnuva boyunca maç başına 2.57 gol ortalaması ile attığı 18 golün tüm zaman dilimlerinde benzer dağılımlar gösterdiği ve maçların ilk yarılarında hiç gol yenilmediği belirlenmiştir. Turnuva boyunca maçlara ilk 11’de başlayan futbolcuların büyük çoğunluğunu (%74.0) Bundesliga’da oynayan futbolcular oluşturmaktadır. İsabetli şut atma yüzdesinin %73.2 gibi oldukça önemli bir oranda, 7 maçta yapılan 4990 pas girişiminden %81.9’unun başarılı ve topa sahip olma yüzdesi ortalamasının %56.71 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Futbol Dünya Kupası gibi üst düzey müsabakaların oynandığı turnuvalarda, başarılı performansa ulaşabilmek için gerekli birçok performans göstergesinin olduğu, Almanya Milli takımının başarısında her maçta yüksek oranda isabetli şut atma, topa sahip olma ve başarılı pas yüzdeleri ile birlikte bu unsurların diğer performans göstergelerini de olumlu yönde etkileyerek başarılı performansın temelini oluşturduğu söylenebilir.</p>