Academic literature on the topic 'International Cokery'

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Journal articles on the topic "International Cokery"

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Wood, Benjamin, Gary Ruskin, and Gary Sacks. "How Coca-Cola Shaped the International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health: An Analysis of Email Exchanges between 2012 and 2014." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 8996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238996.

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There is currently limited direct evidence of how sponsorship of scientific conferences fits within the food industry’s strategy to shape public policy and opinion in its favour. This paper provides an analysis of emails between a vice-president of The Coca-Cola Company (Coke) and prominent public health figures in relation to the 2012 and 2014 International Congresses of Physical Activity and Public Health (ICPAPH). Contrary to Coke’s prepared public statements, the findings show that Coke deliberated with its sponsored researchers on topics to present at ICPAPH in an effort to shift blame for the rising incidence of obesity and diet-related diseases away from its products onto physical activity and individual choice. The emails also show how Coke used ICPAPH to promote its front groups and sponsored research networks and foster relationships with public health leaders in order to use their authority to deliver Coke’s message. The study questions whether current protocols about food industry sponsorship of scientific conferences are adequate to safeguard public health interests from corporate influence. A safer approach could be to apply the same provisions that are stipulated in the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control on eliminating all tobacco industry sponsorship to the food industry.
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Ellis, Stephen. "Book Review: Christopher Coker, Can War Be Eliminated?" Political Studies Review 14, no. 2 (May 2016): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929916630915b.

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Dang, Yu Chun, Wen Dong Shu, Xiu Yun Zhai, Fang Lan, and Ming Tong Chen. "Application of Tamping Coke on Large-Scale BF Smelting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (May 2013): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.378.

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At present, domestic and international large-scale blast furnace applications of tamping coke is still in its exploratory stage. Part of the BF applications tamping coke, there are some problems, including high-temperature zone upward, feeding speed slows , air flow along edge enhancement and heat exchange being inadequate. Through analysis of tamping coke combustion performance and the effects of tamping coke on the material column permeability, The following measures are suggested; using a suitable charging system to open center airflow, stable gas distribution, combined to increase the oxygen-rich rate, increasing the amount of wind, improving coal injection rate. The stable operation of BF is realized, hot metal increased and coke conserved.
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Hamilton, Lynda S., and Leslie B. Flecher. "A Case Study for International Antitrust: Pepsi versus Coke." Journal of Euromarketing 13, no. 2-3 (August 10, 2004): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j037v13n02_07.

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Kudryashova, I. A., E. A. Kharlampenkov, and N. V. Zakharova. "Ecological and economic aspects of vinyl chloride production based on the use of raw materials of coking plant." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 61, no. 11 (December 24, 2018): 914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-11-914-919.

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Ecological and economic aspects of vinyl chloride production are considered as the main resource for production of polyvinyl chloride using by-products of coking enterprise, including low-grade coke, as well as coke gas. Implementation of this project is possible based on carbon technologies and technology of conversion of methane contained in coke gas into acetylene using hydrogen-arc pyrolysis. It is proposed to include cryogenic separation of coke gas into methane and hydrogen, needed for implementation of this technology and production of hydrogen chloride as a component for production of vinyl chloride in process of raw material preparation. Rational use of resources of two Kemerovo enterprises - “Cock” PJSC and “Khimprom” PJSC for this product manufacturing allows optimization of added value chain. Currently, “Coke” PJSC has inoperative volumes of coke gas, which can be used as a raw material for vinyl chloride production. Carbon technology of PVC production, as international practice has shown, is economically advantageous if cost of coal raw materials and waste coke production is 40% lower than cost of oil or natural gas. Analysis of economic expenditures and cost of vinyl chloride production based on added value chains have identified the most “narrow” elements of technological process, requiring innovative solutions to reduce costs and environmental impact of production.
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Walton, C. Dale. "A Review of “Christopher Coker,The Warrior Ethos: Military Culture and the War on Terror”." Comparative Strategy 27, no. 4 (September 23, 2008): 392–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495930802185924.

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McDowell, Gary L. "Coke, Corwin and the Constitution: The “Higher Law Background” Reconsidered." Review of Politics 55, no. 3 (1993): 393–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500017605.

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In recent years the debate over the nature and extent of judicial power in the United States has been dominated by questions concerning moral theory, unwritten constitutions, and natural law. In a significant sense, the contemporary discussion is but the continuation of the theory of judicial review first put forth by Edward S. Corwin in 1910–1911; it was this theory that the “higher law background” of American constitutional law derived from the dicta of Sir Edward Coke's opinion in Bonham's Case (1610) that was given its most complete expression in Corwin's famous two-part article in the Harvard Law Review in 1928–29. The fact is, the influence of Coke's opinion in Bonham's Case came from within the scholarly world; its significance stems not from history but from the historians; it was largely Corwin's creation. This paper seeks to correct the record and to show the deficiencies of Corwin's understanding about the relationship of the “higher law” to the American Constitution.
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McCartney, Carole. "Opting in and Opting Out: Doing the Hokey Cokey with EU Policing and Judicial Cooperation." Journal of Criminal Law 77, no. 6 (December 2013): 543–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2013.77.6.879.

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Policing and judicial cooperation across international borders is now an expectation, and within the EU, is often mandated, but the desirability of criminal justice cooperation between EU Member States and the UK is now debated. This article examines recent UK political interventions in the field of EU criminal law. This has focused upon the so-called ‘block opt-out’ decision whereupon the UK government has to choose whether to ‘opt out’ en masse of all unamended policing and criminal law instruments entered into prior to the 2009 Lisbon Treaty (under Article 10(1) of Protocol 36). The article will look in particular at two EU instruments central to the ongoing and future development of EU policing and judicial cooperation: the European Arrest Warrant and the exchange of forensic DNA profiles, fingerprints and vehicle registration details under the Prüm Treaty. While the UK government is asserting (at the time of writing) that it is to opt back ‘in’ to the European Arrest Warrant, it is refraining from opting back in (so remaining ‘out’) of the Prüm Treaty. Examining the rationales for the use of the opt-out, and the decisions in respect of each of these instruments, the article will ask whether the choice to ‘opt out’ can be reconciled with the aspiration of securing an EU Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, and whether it is appropriate that the UK should be doing the ‘hokey cokey’ with EU policing and judicial cooperation.
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Tretyak, A. A. "Scientific and technical results of IX-th International congress of blast furnace men “Metallurgy of hot metal. Perspectives of development till the year of 2025”." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 1 (February 2, 2019): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-1-5-9.

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From September 25 through September 27, 2018, the IX-th International congress of blast furnace men took place in Nizhny Tagil at the base of JSC “EVRAZ NTMK” named “Metallurgy of hot metal. Perspectives of development till the year of 2025”. It was organized by International Union of blast furnace men, “MetProm” Group and JSC “EVRAZ NTMK”. Heads and specialists of metallurgical, coke-making and chemical and machine-building plants, representatives of designing organizations, R&D institutes from Russia, CIS and foreign countries – all together 180 participants. At the congress, the specialists could receive information on modern developments, to exchange by opinions and experience. More than 60 reports were presented, which will be included in the digest of proceedings of the IX-th International congress of blast furnace men. Reports of foreign companies like “Danieli Corus”, “Paul Wurth”, “Primetals Technologies” and “GEA Russia” attracted a big interest. A particular interest was paid at the congress to estimation of status of coke and sinter production, as well as BF production under the current economic conditions, to determination of main ways of the industry development. Leading specialists discussed the ways of BF existing technologies perfection, methods of pig iron production alternative technologies implementation, perfection of means of control, implementation of information technologies, environmentally clean and resources saving technologies, aimed at increasing of products quality and production efficiency. At the forum, results of innovation projects implementation at the biggest steel-works were considered. During the last day of the congress work, the participants visited the JSC “EVRAZ NTMK” blast furnace No. 7, which has a volume of 2200 m3 and designing productivity – 2.5 mt/year of hot metal.
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Aradau, Claudia. "War in an Age of Risk, Christopher Coker (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2009), 188 pp., $65 cloth, $25 paper." Ethics & International Affairs 24, no. 1 (2010): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2010.00248.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International Cokery"

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Garcia, Neto Dulcemar. "Le marché international du charbon à coke." Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020118.

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Malgre sa specificite, c'est-a-dire, sa dependance de l'evolution siderurgique, pour etudier le marche du charbon a coke nous sommes obliges d'analyser tout de meme, d'une facon superficielle, l'evolution du marche des combustibles capables de remplacer partiellement le coke dans les hauts fourneaux. On doit par consequent de faire un survol de l'histoire de la consommation energique des le debut, c'est-a-dire, concomitente avec la premiere revolution industrielle. Tout cela afin de nous permettre a comprendre la structure et le comportement de ce marche. Il semblerait que c'est l'oligopole de sweezy qui explique meilleur le comportement du marche international du charbon. Par la suite on se restreint a l'analyse du charbon a coke, et c'est la que l'etude de l'evolution de l'avenir de la siderurgie s'impose, principalement pour comprendre les erreurs concues dans les modeles de previsions siderurgiques rapelles par la suite. Et la, pour bien comprendre l'etat du developpement, le "wocol" nous a apparu le plus efficace depuis 1980
The coking coal's international maket depends of the steel works evolution in the production. So,we need to analyse superficialy the market evolution of the capable substitutes combustible in the blast furnaces since the first industrial revolution. The sweezy's monopoly explain well the market behaviors in this case. For develop afterwards we restrain to the developement steel works industry. Mainly to understend the forecast faults commited in the mathematics models. Then, to well understend the country developement level the "wocol" was the more efficient forecast model since 1980
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Petrovic, Maria. "Global form av reklam och dess vetenskapliga debatt : En kvalitativ studie av fyra globala kampanjer." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-5137.

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I’ve chosen primary to analyze commercial form of advertising by world leading companies; McDonald’s, Coca-Cola and HP due to their implementation of global advertising. The fourth campaign that’s being analyzed is not of commercial type instead it’s characterized as an informative campaign that the ideal organization Amnesty is carring out.  The study has been successful in gathering data that could be presented in correlation with already established theories and then comparing the results. The goal of the research is to create an understanding regarding global advertising as well as the scientific debate that’s going on within the subject. The scientific research has been debated for a long time regarding advertising that’s positioned globally; whether it should be standardized or adapted. This means whether advertising should look the same in all countries or if it should be adapted to a nation’s specific culture. Scientists haven’t yet been successful in establishing what’s considered to be more prominent due to various diverse opinions.

By implementing content analysis together with semiotic analysis as a reinforcer, the study was able to examine the global advertising’s design and their common characteristics. Within this study the campaigns have been studied both visually and verbally in addition to their messages and values. The McDonald’s and Coke campaign has been categorized as advertising that reflect specific kinds of lifestyles and therefore characterized as “lifestyle format”. HP campaign on the other hand was using celebrities. This contributed that their global campaign became very personal because the celebrities were reflecting their own personality in the commercials. That’s why HP was categorized as the “personalized format” while Amnesty remained characterized as an informative campaign. Results show that these campaigns’ global form of advertising weren’t only implementing standardized form but also incorporated adapted commercial characteristics as well. This is what the theorizers Hassan, Craft and Kortam call a”hybrid strategy” that’s by their opinion most effective form of global advertising. Another important result was that the “creative strategy” (its promise/statement) is what makes the campaign cohesive. While the “creative tactic” (the visual elements) differs more or less within an advertising campaign.


Jag har valt att främst analysera kommersiella kampanjer från de världsledande företagen McDonald’s, Coca-Cola och HP eftersom de tillämpar global form av reklam.  Den fjärde kampanjen som analyseras är inte av kommersiellt slag då den karaktäriseras som en informativ kampanj som den ideella organisationen Amnesty har genomfört.  Studien har lyckats generera data som kunde sättas i relation med de redan fastställda teorierna och på så vis jämföra resultaten.

Forskningens mål är att skapa en förståelse angående global reklam samt den vetenskapliga debatten i ämnet. Den vetenskapliga forskningen har länge debatterat angående om reklam som appliceras globalt borde vara standardiserad eller anpassad, det vill säga om den ska se lika ut i alla länder eller om man borde anpassa den till varje lands individuella kultur. Forskarna har fortfarande inte kommit fram till vad som anses vara mest effektivt då en splittrad syn angående denna fråga uppstår.  

Genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys med förstärkning av den semiotiska analysen så kunde studien granska den globala reklamens utformning och dess gemensamma karaktäristiker som uppstår. I denna studie så har reklamkampanjerna granskats både visuellt och språkmässigt samt dess budskap och värderingar. Reklamkampanjerna McDonald’s och Coca-Cola blev kategoriserade som den form av reklam som reflekterar specifika livsstilar och därför karaktäriserades som ”livsstilsformatet”. HP är den reklamkampanj som använde sig av kändisar. Detta gjorde att deras globala reklam blev väldigt personlig då den reflekterade kändisarnas personligheter. Därför kategoriserades HP:s reklamkampanj som det” personifierade formatet” medan Amnesty förblev karaktäriserad som informativ form av kampanj. Resultatet visade att dessa reklamkampanjers globala reklam inte endast implementerade standardiserad form utan likaså integrerade anpassad form. Detta kallar teoretikerna Hassan, Craft och Kortam för ”hybridstrategi” och anses enligt dem vara mest effektivt tillvägagångssätt när det gäller global reklam.  En annan viktig sak som resultatet påvisade var att den ”kreativa strategin” (dess utlovande/påstående) är det som gör kampanjen sammanhängande medan den ”kreativa taktiken” (dess visuella element) mer eller mindre skiljer sig inom en kampanj.

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Heimburger, Robert Whitaker. "A theological response to the "illegal alien" in federal United States law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:43010cbe-32a9-4ecd-abcf-cf57f729bbd5.

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Today, some twelve million immigrants are unlawfully present in the United States. What response to this situation does Christian theology suggest for these immigrants and those who receive them? To this question about the status of immigrants before the law, the theological literature lacks an understanding of how federal U.S. immigration law developed, and it lacks a robust theological account of the governance of immigration. To fill this gap, the thesis presents three stages in the formation of the laws that designate some immigrants as aliens unlawfully present or illegal aliens, drawing out the moral argumentation in each phase and responding with moral theology. In the first stage, non-citizens were called aliens in U.S. law. In response to the argument that aliens exist as a consequence of natural law, Christian teaching indicates that immigrants are not alien either in creation or for the church. In the second stage, the authority of the federal government to exclude and expel aliens was established, leaving those who do not comply to be designated illegal aliens. To the claim that the federal government has unlimited sovereignty over immigration, interpretations of the Christian Scriptures respond that divine sovereignty limits and directs civil authority over immigration. In the third stage, legal reforms that were intended to end discrimination between countries allowed millions from countries neighboring the U.S. to become illegal aliens. These reforms turn out to be unjust on philosophical grounds and unneighborly on theological grounds. While federal law classes many as aliens unlawfully present in the United States, Christian political theology indicates that immigrants are not alien, the government of immigration is limited by divine judgment, and nationals of neighboring countries deserve special regard.
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Books on the topic "International Cokery"

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International Workshop on Petcoke (2002 New Delhi, India). International Workshop on Petcoke and Seminar on Energy and Environment in Cement Production and Sustainable Construction, 29-31 January 2002, New Delhi, India: Proceedings. Ballabgarh: The National Council, 2002.

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Zollverein, Kokerei, Internationale Bauausstellung Emscher Park GmbH, and Feuer & Flamme Ausstellungsgesellschaft, eds. Sonne, Mond und Sterne: Kultur und Natur der Energie : Katalog zur Ausstellung auf der Kokerei Zollverein in Essen, 13. Mai bis 13. September 1999 im Rahmen des Finales der Internationalen Bauausstellung Emscher Park. 2nd ed. Bottrop: Pomp, 1999.

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International Symposium on Heavy Oil and Residue Upgrading and Utilization (1992 Fushun, Liaoning, China). influence of feedstock composition on the coke formation International Symposium on Heavy Oil and Residue Upgrading and Utilization: Proceedings : May 5-8, 1992. Edited by Han Chongren, Hsi Chu, Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority., Chung-kuo shih hua tsung kung ssu., and Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals. Beijing: International Academic Publishers, 1992.

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Corporation, American Express Publishing, ed. The Best of Food & Wine. New York: American Express Pub. Corp., 1994.

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The Coke Machine. Avery, 2010.

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The Coke Machine. Tantor, 2010.

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Ltd, ICON Group. PEOPLES GAS LIGHT & COKE COMPANY (THE): International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis. 2nd ed. Icon Group International, Inc., 2000.

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Metallurgical coke: Baseline analysis of the U.S. industry and imports. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1994.

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International Workshop on Petcoke and Seminar on Energy and Environment in Cement Production and Sustainable Construction, 29-31 January 2002, New Delhi, India: Proceedings. The National Council, 2002.

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Le charbon de terre en Europe occidentale avant l'usage industriel du coke (Proceedings of the XXth International Congress of History of Science). Brepols, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "International Cokery"

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Zhu, Xianqing, Jin Ge, Shan Tong, Yaxin Gao, Chao Wu, Chaorui Chang, Xiaoyong Zhang, Xian Li, and Hong Yao. "Novel additives obtained from low grade biomasses for coke-making." In XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress, 543–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40943-6_83.

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Qiao, Xingxing, Yongfa Zhang, Ying Wang, Yuqiong Zhao, Yaling Sun, Yue Dong, Jiangning Jia, and Xiuli Zhao. "Preparation of High-Strength Gasified Coke Used for DRI from Low Rank Coal." In XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress, 531–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40943-6_81.

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Hosohara, S., H. Matsunaga, and Y. Fushima. "Physical Properties of used Bricks of Coke Ovens." In Proceedings of the Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR 2013), 491–98. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118837009.ch85.

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Guo, Wentao, Qingguo Xue, Xuefeng She, and Jingsong Wang. "Study on Compressive Strength of Coke After Gasified with CO2and Steam." In 7th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 707–14. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274643.ch87.

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Haibin, Zuo, Gao Bing, Zhang Jianliang, and Wang Zhe. "Co-Gasification Behavior of Metallurgical Coke with High and Low Reactivity." In 4th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 659–66. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663448.ch79.

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Ma, Huaiying, Wen Pan, Lei Liu, Zhidong Zhang, and Chunlai Wang. "Effects of Particle Size of Coke on Iron Ore Sintering Process." In 10th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 649–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05955-2_61.

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Tang, Huiqing, Shihong Liu, and Kai Fan. "Preparation of High-Carbon Metallic Briquette for Coke Saving in Blast Furnace." In 10th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 65–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05955-2_6.

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Guo, Jian, Jianliang Zhang, Guangwei Wang, Weiwei Geng, Changle Zheng, and Yifan Chai. "Characteristic and Kinetics of Oxidation of Coke by CO2Based on Isothermal Method." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 619–26. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093381.ch79.

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Liu, Yingli, Qingguo Xue, Wentao Guo, Haibin Zuo, Xuefeng She, and Jingsong Wang. "The Dynamic Dissolution of Coke With Slag in Melting and Dropping Zone." In 7th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 279–86. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274643.ch35.

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Liu, Yingli, Qingguo Xue, Wentao Guo, Haibin Zuo, Xuefeng She, and Jingsong Wang. "The Dynamic Dissolution of Coke with Slag in Melting and Dropping Zone." In 7th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 279–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48093-0_35.

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Conference papers on the topic "International Cokery"

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Studley, Bruce C., and Victor Fuentes. "Initial Operating Experiences and Overall Enhancements at the Chilean Coke Fired Petropower Cogeneration Facility." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26182.

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On November 1, 1998 the Petropower Energia Limitada Project, located adjacent to Petrox’s 84,000 barrel per day (bpd) refinery in Talcahuano, Chile, entered into Commercial Operations. In addition to being the first public/private industrial partnership in Chile, it also was the first to combine petroleum coking technology with cogeneration technology in a single project financing. The project consists of a Delayed Coker Facility, which includes a 12,000 bpd Delayed Coker Unit and a 7,000 bpd Hydrotreating Unit, and a 74 MW (nominal, gross) Cogeneration Facility. The coke produced fuels a Foster Wheeler Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler (CFB), and the energy produced provides electric power for the Petrox Refinery, the Delayed Coker Facility, and third parties, and high pressure steam for the refinery. The Cogeneration Facility, which consumes 24.8 Tonnes Per Hour of green coke, produces high-pressure steam, demineralized water and electricity for export to the refinery. The cogeneration unit also exports electricity, boiler feedwater and plant air to the Delayed Coker Facility. This leaves approximately 42 MW which is being exported to local third parties and the national grid. Environmentally, the overall project has resulted in a decrease in sulfur dioxide and particulate emissions from the refinery because of emission controls in the CFB, and elimination of burning fuel oil in the old utility system. Overall, the Delayed Coker Facility has permitted Petrox to refine heavier, less costly crudes, and the Hydrotreater Unit produces cleaner gasoline and diesel products. Petrox obtained these benefits without the expenditure of capital on the project, other than a small equity investment. The Cogeneration Facility has, and will continue to provide a long term, environmentally friendly solution to disposal of the high sulfur content coke produced by the coker, and maximizes its value as a high BTU (kilojoule - kJ) fuel for the Cogeneration Facility. The Cogeneration Facility has supplied all the refinery’s utility needs reliably and consistent with its expansion plans. After briefly describing the overall project, this paper places emphasis on the cogeneration plant with a focus on the operational experiences, including fouling, and the reliability improvements undertaken during the plant’s last three years of commercial operation. In addition, O&M costs and an overview of project economics are discussed.
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Zhao, Changsui, Wenxuan Wang, Fengjun Wang, Chuanmin Chen, and Song Han. "Emission Control of Gaseous Pollutants From Co-Firing of Petroleum Coke and Coal in CFB." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-103.

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Petroleum cokes including delayed coke, fluid coke, etc. are byproducts of solid residuals from the crude refining process. Using high sulfur petroleum coke as alternative fuel is feasible owing to its high fixed carbon and low ash content, but petroleum cokes are difficult to ignite due to their low volatile content and containing substantial concentrations of vanadium, nickel, nitrogen and sulfur, which can be sources of pollution emission and fireside fouling or corrosion problem. Co-firing petroleum coke and coal in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) is an ideal solution for those problems. Emission characteristic of gaseous pollutants from co-firing petroleum coke and coal is investigated in the paper. Experiments were carried out in a 0.6 MWt pilot-scale CFB combustor with the total height of 12m from the air distributor to the exit of combustor. The concentrations of SO2, NO, N2O, O2, CO2 and CO were measured on line by the gas analyzer. The effect of several parameters, in term of the primary air percentage, air excess coefficient, bed temperature, Ca/S molar ratio and percentage of petroleum coke in mixed fuel on the emission of SO2, NO, N2O is verified in experiments. Experimental results show that SO2 concentration in flue gas reduces with increase in the primary air percentage, excess air coefficient and Ca/S ratio for all kinds of fuel mixtures, whereas NO, N2O concentration rises with increase in the primary air percentage and excess air. When the bed temperature changes, the NO concentration varying trend is opposite to N2O. There is an optimal temperature for sulfur retention. Co-firing of petroleum coke and coal with different mixing ratio in CFB can be stable, efficient and environment friendly.
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Zhang, Chun-Lin, Gui-Cheng Yuan, De-Chang Liu, Han-Ping Chen, Ding-Yu Liu, and Rong Wang. "An Experimental Study of the Gaseous Pollution Emissions in Petroleum-Coke-Fired Fluidized Beds." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-030.

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Petroleum cokes have high calorific value (about 37 MJkg−1), high sulfur content (2–7% wt.), and high nitrogen content (1∼3% wt.), introducing serious environmental problems when using as fuel. In this paper the effects of operating parameters (bed temperature, Ca/S mole ratio, and excess oxygen) on gaseous pollutant (SO2, NO, and N2O) emissions in a well-controlled bench scale fluidized bed reactor and an 1t/h bubbling fluidized bed for different type of petroleum cokes. Finally, the pollution emission differences between petroleum coke and coal were compared and the reasons were analyzed.
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Rees, A. C., J. F. Davidson, J. S. Dennis, and A. N. Hayhurst. "The Rise and Combustion of Particles of Sewage Sludge and Petroleum Coke in a Slugging Fluidized Bed." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78071.

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The rise-times, from just above the base to the top of the bed, of single particles of dried sewage sludge and of two types of petroleum coke were measured in a slugging bed of sand fluidized by air. The sewage sludge and the petroleum cokes contained, on an as received basis, 49.5, 9.0 and 0.5 wt.% volatile matter, respectively. The bed (i.d. 25.5 mm; height 1300 mm) was electrically heated to a fixed temperature between 700 and 900°C. Two sizes of sand were fluidized: +212, −300 μm and +710, −850 μm. The expansion of the bed was held constant by keeping the excess gas velocity at (U − Umf) = 190 mm/s. In a bed of the coarser sand, it was found that the time of rise of single particles of sewage sludge (< 4 mm diam.) was large enough to allow devolatilization and char burn-out to be complete before the particle reached the upper surface of the bed. The measured times of rise are significantly longer than those found in bubbling beds [12, 13]. Thus, a slugging bed, of say 2 m in depth, would have significantly better heat retention and contact of the volatile material with the particulate phase than a bubbling bed of the same depth. With the finer sand, particles of sewage sludge and of petroleum coke containing volatile material rose rapidly to the top of the bed, well before combustion was complete. Published theory [6] was used to predict the rise-times of inert particles in a hot slugging bed. The predictions compare favourably with measurements using petroleum coke containing negligible amounts of volatile material and moisture. The use of a modified form of Stokes’s law to predict the velocity of rise of inert particles is shown to compare well with experiments. The experimental results suggest that once a minimum rate of gas evolution (from volatiles or moisture) is achieved a bubble forms which is large enough to lift a fuel particle to the surface. For particles meeting this criterion, the rise-time appears to be independent of the size of the fuel particle.
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Kun Wang, Qiaowen Yang, Hongying Liu, Man Zhang, Huifen Chang, and Qiusheng Guo. "Research on the formed coke bond from coke fines." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965994.

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Jiang, Guozhang, Tingting He, Gongfa Li, and Jianyi Kong. "Intelligent control of coke oven." In 2010 International Conference on Logistics Systems and Intelligent Management (ICLSIM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iclsim.2010.5461371.

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Shalabi, M., A. Barka, M. Abdalla, and S. Abdel. "Effect of replacement of coke breeze by petroleum coke on the parameters of sintering process." In The 8th International Mineral Processing Symposium. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203747117-78.

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Vossoughi, S., and Y. EI-Shoubary. "Kinetics of Crude Oil Coke Combustion." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/16268-ms.

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Ji, Yonghua, and Bingke Qin. "Study on coal blending scheme of formed coke made from coke powder blending with coal." In 2017 3rd International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesm-17.2018.232.

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Li, Gongfa, Jianyi Kong, Guozhang Jiang, Jintang Yang, Hegen Xiong, and Yu Hou. "Hybrid Intelligent Control of Coke oven." In International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering 2007. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iske.2007.219.

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