Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'International condition'
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Altamimi, Mohammad. "La condition de la double incrimination en droit pénal international." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT3003/document.
Full textDouble criminality is a “classic” condition in international criminal law, which is found in normative instruments relating to international cooperation in criminal matters, as well as those relating to extraterritorial jurisdiction. In these two fields, the condition of double criminality is considered fulfilled when the conduct in question is punishable under the domestic law of both states (the requesting state and the requested state, or the prosecuting State and the State in which the act was committed). Moreover, the application of this condition continues to pose difficulties, not only in substance but also in procedure. The difficulties have driven the European states to call the condition into question, at least partially; even though a total removal of the condition in its current state is impossible
Albert, Sophie. "La condition des minorités en droit international public." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010264.
Full textCorbé, Nathalie. "La condition juridique des câbles sous-marins en droit international." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4027.
Full textCarpentier, Chantal. "L'appréciation de la qualité d'État par les organisations internationales : contrôle de légalité par les organisations internationales universelles de l'acte-condition faisant acquérir le statut d'Etat." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010252.
Full textMzaouir, Ahlam. "Le contentieux du contrat international , depuis le dahir du 12 août 1913 sur la condition civile des étrangers : contribution à l'histoire du droit international privé marocain." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0863.
Full textWhen the parties to a contract are Moroccan nationals and the contract itself is concluded in Morocco, we except no problem to raise to know the law to be enforced and the competent court in case a dispute at law shall raise. Every problem shall be considered subject to Moroccan law and nationwide concerned courts (defendant’s abode and place where the contract is concluded). But in case the contract has foreign origin criterion, we shall consider the question as to the law to be enforced (First Part) and the concerned court (Second Part). Such question is very important to the extent that it requires deep study since the answer may have important practical consequences/ repercussions
Schwarz, Elke. "The biopolitical condition : re-thinking the ethics of political violence in life-politics." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/760/.
Full textRosenbaum, Laura. "La condition internationale des architectes : le monde en référence : représentations, pratiques et parcours." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0605/document.
Full textIn France, architects form a unique profession with a strong professional identity. Numerousresearch projects have reported changes, developments and adaptations to regularly renewedcontexts of intervention. Beyond the environmental or digital revolution, design processes involvinglocal populations, and more restrictive economic and regulatory conditions, one of the majorphenomena of the last two decades is the internationalization of training courses and professionalpractices. Although historically a majority of the French architects practice where they have beentrained, since the 1980s a growing number of them have been working outside the borders(expatriation, export, partnerships). While the profession was conceived within the framework of theNation, the international condition becomes more frequent. The thesis shows that a "methodologicalnationalism" does not correspond to the reality of practices and representations that go beyondnational territories.The sociology of professions, articulated to works of the sociology of the international, offers newinterpretative frameworks of the practices of architects. They show that the international conditionis an integral part of the training and has effects on the careers: the more students gain internationalexperience, the more they practice abroad. This development becomes the basis of a professionalsegmentation: alter-architects, humanitarian and institutional architects, entrepreneurs and iconsorganize their practices and cultivate the value of their profession in the world. Similarly, the analysisof profiles, in the form of portraits, shows the processes of socialization: the insiders favorable to theinternational cause; the universalists whose values are expressed on this scale; the strategists whoorganize their professional biography abroad; the «bivalents » who alternate local and internationalwork. The internationalization of a part of the graduates does not profoundly transform thecollective identity of the group, but expresses a real renewal, too often underestimated, of actionmechanisms and professional cultures. The research combines qualitative and quantitativeapproaches and several sources: a questionnaire (1698 responses), semi-directive interviews (77), insitu observations, case studies, and a literature review. The results show the transition from atraditional national to an international professional model. Finally, more than in a globalization ofexchanges, the practices of architects are structured between the national and international scales ofaction. An openness to the world that is likely to increase
Kot, Jean-Philippe. "La condition de la personne privée dans le contentieux interétatique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32054.
Full textThe emergence of a real status for private entities is unquestionably one of the striking features of contemporary international law. International rules laying down individual rights multiply and irrigate all areas of the law. The technical structure of international law, based only on the formal relations between States, should nevertheless leave no room for the consideration of private entities. Indeed, in the traditional theory, the relations between the individual and the international legal order cannot be separated from the notion of State-screen. In a downward movement, this screen precludes international law from reaching the individual in the domestic legal order. In an ascending movement, it prevents the individual from getting out of the domestic order to act directly in the international legal order. As a result, before international Courts, the State, whether it seeks to have another State’s responsibility or a particular interpretation recognized, could only assert the defence or the recognition of its own right. Starting from traditional postulates, this study proposes a reflection on the contemporary relevance of this theory and confronts it with the diverse legal evolutions recorded since its doctrinal assertion and its case law confirmation. The analysis of the role played by private entities in the interstate proceedings as well as the influence of the consideration of private interests not only from the point of view of the triggering of the judicial proceedings but also from the point of view of the solutions adopted by the international judge to put an end to the international dispute allows to assert that the consensual conception of the State’s own right cannot prevail. Put in perspective by the recognition of individual rights of international origin and the recent international case law dedicated to them, the traditional theory reveals numerous anachronisms and seems to have to be refocused on the analysis of the State functions of protection of individual rights
Seid-Nabia, Ache. "La Condition juridique de la femme tchadienne au regard de l'ordre public international français." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618512w.
Full textSeid-Nabia, Ache. "La condition juridique de la femme tchadienne au regard de l'ordre public international français." Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA02T077.
Full textDezallai, Amanda. "Réflexions sur les statuts de victime en droit international pénal." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0003.
Full textWhile the ICT carry out their Completion Strategies, the ICC will soon pronounce its first decision. At this point, itis important to assess international criminal law and especially victim’s status according to this law. Actually, theysymbolise the ins and outs of international criminal law. Once forgotten, once sacralised, the victim never leavesus indifferent, above all a victim of international crimes. His or her recognition has deeply altered internationalcriminal law, which now gives him or her an increasing place. Studying the laws of the international criminal courtsshows that there is not one status but several status of victim. This plurality comes from the fact that there areseveral legal characterisations of victim and several legal conditions. The analysis of the different factors leadingto this multiplicity of legal status enables us to envision this legal diversity as a power of international criminal law,rather than one of its weaknesses. It is the middle way between considering victims as a shapeless, undefinedand undifferentiated crowd and considering each victim individually. But, as with the status of private persons ininternational public law, reaching and keeping a well-balanced status is difficult ; and these are perfectible andcan be improved. This is the reason why some suggestions for the enrichment of the different status are madeand, for each of them, there is a thorough questioning and analysis of whether it is feasible and desirable. As aninternational criminal justice system is under construction, the victim could find a place in it which would satisfy allthe protagonists of the legal proceedings against international crimes, including and particularly States
Crépeau, François. "La condition du demandeur d'asile en droit comparé : droit international, droit français, droit canadien et quebecois." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010280.
Full textThe recent increase in the number of asylum-seekers in industrialized states has given headaches to public administrations. The overburdening of refugee status determination systems has given rise to restrictive pratices approved by a badly informed public opinion. These practices are studied in view of defining the principles that should guide polices in the field. In the introduction, the present situation of asylum-seekers is described and followed by a presentation of the French and Canadian efforts towards refugees. In the first part, a short history of asylum and of the contemporary concept of refugee allows to apprehend the elements of a definition of asylum. In the second part, the rules of entry and sojourn of the asylum-seeker in the country of asylum are described and compared. In the third part, the social condition of the asylum-seeker is studied in both countries, as well as the protective rules of the refugee status determination system. In the conclusion, the principles defines are synthetized, developped and gathered under the umbrella of the protection of the human dignity
Akdenizli, Dilek. "Critical Theory, Deliberative Democracy And International Relations Theory." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606881/index.pdf.
Full texthowever, the main subject matter of an IR theory should be the change itself. The idea of change is also constitutive of Habermasian political thought. Jü
rgen Habermas, as a critical theorist, has developed the model of Deliberative Democracy to provoke a change in the political life of the Western countries towards a more ethical politics. According to Habermas, such a change will eliminate the legitimacy crisis occurred in Western democracies. Therefore, Habermas aims at strengthening the moral basis of democratic understanding in order to make masses participate actively in decision making processes. According to him, rational consensus must be at the centre of democracy, and it can be reached, only if every part of the deliberation has the opportunity to express their arguments equally. Once the idea of rational consensus becomes a regulative rule of democracy, it is possible to change the nature of politics, including international politics
Boden, Didier. "L' ordre public : limite et condition de la tolérance : recherches sur le pluralisme juridique." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010261.
Full textKouna, Louis-Marie. "Les opérations de maintien de la paix de l'ONU et la condition du militaire." La Réunion, 2002. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/02_21_Kouna.pdf.
Full textThe maiden experience of the institutionnalisation of the "ius ad bellum" legal system under the League of Nations Pact has never been concretised. Regulated rigorously under the auspices of the UN Charter, chapter VII of which organises collective reaction, the "ius ad bellum" within the framework of this second experience has witnessed instabiblity in its fuctioning, running sometimes from the "Charter system" to the "Peacekeeping Operations system" or "Dean Acheson Resolution system". Meanwhile, some cases of implementation of this legal system, more or less in compliance with the Charter, have been noted. During various peacekeeping operations, it confers on the soldier, member of the Peacekeeping Forces, diverse functionnalities. The condition of this particular type of soldier is therefore inherent to the nature of political missions entrusted to him. Called upon to carry out persuasive actions, the condition of this soldier, similarly, depends on the rulesof the nominative corpus of international law that govern the conduct of hostilities as well as the safeguard of victims ; rules deriving not from the Circular letter of 6 august 1999 of the UN Secretary General but mainly from the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their additionnal Protocols, of which we are aware that the violation constitute serious crime which can no longer remain unpunished. Given that the military personnel is at the same time a UN agent as well as a military personnel of the country of belonging, the eventual violation of instruments applicable to armed conflicts shall be reprimanded by their country of departure. That means the condition of the national soldier involved in a peacekeeping operation is first considered within a political framework and is subsequently, [not] without difficulty, given legal consideration
Weyembergh, Anne. "Le rapprochement des législations: condition de l'espace pénal européen et révélateur de ses tensions." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211208.
Full textFiori-Khayat, Coralie. "Essai sur le formalisme cambiaire : la forme, condition de l'engagement dans la lettre de change." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS012S.
Full textThe Bill of Exchange has been through radically different evolutions: in France, it remained a probatory and executory instrument, while in future Germany, it turned out to be a negotium that could create new legal relationships by itself, with substantial formal rules, and this conception was finally promoted in Geneva. Ad validitatem exchange formalism is a legal technique to unify substantial international law and warrants not only peculiar interests but also national and international economy protection. Form is indeed the source of exchange law autonomy. The exclusivism of form supposes that form be both necessary and sufficient for lawfully subscribing a bill of exchange and for determinig subscriptions’ scopes ; it is vigourously enacted in exchange law. Form fulfills a double function – qualification of the legal nature of the subscription and securing the whole bill. They can easily be adapted to new technologies. Yet form admits limitationsto its being necessary or sufficient. They show that protecting general interest – which refers to national and international economy as well as to Public Order, embodied in Criminal Law – turns out to be both the scope and the limit to the principle itself
Mohagheghi, Ali. "Effect of Pavement Condition on Traffic Crash Frequency and Severity in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100129.
Full textMaster of Science
Many factors cause crashes in the roads. Although there is a common sense that road characteristics such as asphalt quality are important in terms of road safety, there are few studies that scientifically prove that statement. In addition, asphalt maintenance decisions making process is mainly based on cost benefit optimization, and traffic safety is not considered at the process. The purpose of this study is to analyze crashes and road characteristics related to each crash to understand the effect of those characteristics on crash frequency, and eventually, to build a model to predict the number of crashes at each part of the road. The model can help transportation agencies to have a better understanding in terms of safety consequences of their infrastructure management plans. The scope of this study is the highway interstate system in Northern Virginia. Results suggest that pavement condition has a significant impact on crash frequency.
Hartig, Jakob, Christian Schänzle, and Peter F. Pelz. "Validation of a soft sensor network for condition monitoring in hydraulic systems." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71201.
Full textNisters, Christian, Frank Bauer, and Marco Brocker. "Condition monitoring systems for hydraulic accumulators – improvements in efficiency, productivity and quality." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71206.
Full textMkadara, Geneviève, and Jean-Charles Maré. "Development of a lumped parameter model of an aerospace pump for condition monitoring purposes." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71205.
Full textNg, Vincent Laphang. "A Study of Deterioration in Ride Quality on Ohio's Highways." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1430322756.
Full textMakaya, kiela Serge. "Le droit à réparation des victimes des crimes internationaux, condition de justice efficiente : l'exemple de la RDC." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1006.
Full textFaced with the irreparable prejudices arising from international crimes, except for the cases being prosecuted at the ICC and the processes of various Commissions and reparations funds of the UN, international law has been pontius-pilating when it comes implementing under domestic laws the rights of victims to reparations. This hypocrisy is particularly highlighted by the use of humanitarian aid. Domestic laws have systematically resorted to traditional practices to implement this right. This inclination towards traditional approaches is indeed at variance with the material elements of the law on reparations in as much as the context of the crimes, the scope of the damage, the vast number of victims and fluctuations in the types of perpetrators have simply made the traditional systems obsolete. Whence the quest for an efficiency paradigm hinged on «attempts» within transitional justice and reparations justice. Analyses of these attempts by experts reveal that a lot still has to be done. In the case of the DRC, and mindful of the shortcomings of the traditional legal system in mitigating the suffering of victims of international crimes, this study proposes a holistic approach to the development of a criminal reparations policy. This holistic approach requires a global response to the damage suffered by victims of international crimes. The reparations response to these multidimensional prejudices must reflect a global understanding of the law based on interdisciplinary and «social technology» considerations
Ouedraogo, Bawindsomdé Patrick. "Le statut juridique du fonctionnaire international sous l'angle des fonctionnaires de l'Organisation des Nations Unies et des fonctionnaires des Comunautés européeenes : contribution à l'actualité de la notion de "fonctionnaire international"." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802099.
Full textFrappier, Mathilde. "L’exigence du traitement national en droit international économique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020073.
Full textNational treatment implies that a foreigner is treated equally to the national. As an equal treatment or non discrimination norm, the national treatment is expressed abstractly and is adaptable to both the factual situations it applies to and the values pursued by its author. This study intends specifically to discern national treatment in international economic law through its treaty enunciations, to define its scope and to fathom the way it is implemented by WTO and investment judges. On the one hand, this research focuses on what international economic law brings to the understanding of equal treatment between nationals and foreigners inasmuch it is a field of law inspired by liberal economic theories and in which disputes are adjudicated by international tribunals. On the other hand, this study aims at identifying what the national treatment says about international economic law, especially of its normative and adjudicative culture. This research shows the significant hold that national treatment has on the domestic law of the contracting parties. It also demonstrates that national treatment prescribes material and not simply formal equality. Finally, this study shows the predominant role played by international economic adjudications, and put in perspective the autonomy of international economic law within international law
Ouedraogo, Bawindsomde Patrick. "Le statut juridique du fonctionnaire international sous l'angle des fonctionnaires de l'Organisation des Nations Unies et des fonctionnaires des Comunautés européeenes : contribution à l'actualité de la notion de "fonctionnaire international"." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0016/document.
Full textCreated after the european revolutionary wars and reinforced in the run up of the contemporary international relations, the international civil servant more than a concept, testifies of dynamics that generated and which characterizes interstates relations. International civil servants are defined through new types of organizations they embody and through which they achieve their purposes. The different arenas in which they interact (economics, consultancies, studies, diplomacy, politics, and field actions) underline their function. They therefore represent both the agents of international organizations known as "traditional" (League of Nations, United Nations Organization, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, African Union, Council of Europe) as well as those of the “specific" ones (European Union, Economic Community of West African States, Andean Community of Nations, Common Market of Southern Cone). From this situation a single concept for the international civil servant as emerged through the systemization of several authors. It could not be any other way, because of the similarities in the legal status (relating to recruitment rules, functional privileges and immunities, acquired rights) of those considered as the pillars of the organizations, in particular between the European Union and the United Nations Organization’s agents. However, despite this first conclusion, the present study obviously shows through a comparative analysis that a single (common) concept of the international civil servant is not appropriated for the agents we considere as archetypes of two types of organizations driven by purposes that are complementary but different for more than one reason. For those purposes, the study of the institutional insertion of the civil servants and the loyalty that derives from it definitely eliminates the theory of a single concept for civil servants through the institution of an extrastate civil servant, a concept meant to unify these special rulers’ agents
Ndo, Ndong Jean-Sylvain. "La faisabilité d'une intégration économique en Afrique Centrale : un essai de redéfinition des conditions d'optimalité." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10051.
Full textFraser, Patricia. "Essays on international parity conditions." Thesis, City, University of London, 1989. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17968/.
Full textPellegrino, Carole. "Les conditions juridiques de la libéralisation du commerce communautaire et international des services." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0043.
Full textNicolau, Jean. "Droit international privé du sport : études sur une discipline en construction." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3018.
Full textThrough the examination of the elements of the private international law and their contrast to situations associated with sports practice in general, and to Sports Law in particular, this thesis intends to establish the pillars of the private international law on sport. In this regard, the topics related to the nationality of the athletes, either granted by the State Law or Sports Law, are initially addressed. Subsequently, this thesis aims to identify and to determine the competent authorities and the applicable law to rule over international legal issues related to sport
A partir do exame dos elementos do direito internacional privado e da contraposição dos mesmos a situações associadas à prática esportiva, de modo geral, e ao direito desportivo, em particular, este estudo pretende erigir os pilares do direito internacional privado do esporte. Com efeito, são abordadas, em um primeiro momento, temáticas relacionadas à nacionalidade, estatal e esportiva, dos atletas que integram o movimento esportivo. Na sequência, o objeto da tese repousa sobre a identificação e a determinação tanto das autoridades competentes para a apreciação das situações jurídico-desportivas de dimensão internacional, quanto do direito aplicável a estas últimas
Blumtritt, Jakub. "Dopad devizových intervencí ČNB na zahraniční obchod ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201928.
Full textBastidon, Gilles Cécile. "Dette souveraine, risque systémique et conditions d'optimalité de l'intervention du Fonds Monétaire International." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731214.
Full textOur work is about moral hazard relationships between sovereign borrowers, private lenders, and the International financial institutions. More precisely, our aim is to define what optimal conditions of the International Monetary Fund intervention are, when there is systemic risk. This relates to sovereign debt and renegociation models, International financial institutions behavior models, and financial crisis models. Using this literature, we build two models of multilateral lending. The first one, which is Principal – Agent model, is based on an ex post conditionality principle (present conditionality, where verification happens after transferts, as opposite to an ex ante conditionality; in this case verification happens before transferts). The solution shows that, when there is systemic risk, if the crisis is more costly than a bailing out, the International Monetary Fund becomes an obliged lender of last resort. Transferts usually enable to avoid a global crisis, but this intervention is not globally optimal. The aim of the second model, which is based on an ex ante conditionality principle, is to determine whether this kind of intervention would enable to avoid private lenders and borrowers’ moral hazard. The International Monetary Fund transfert is related to an ex ante notation system. There are two groups of private lenders : “speculators” and “investors”. With our hypothesis, ex ante conditionality is a mean to have an incitation constraint, enhanced by the link between private investments and notation. The efficiency of the intervention is improved with regard to the optimal allocation of multilateral resources, and crisis prevention. But because of the importance of short term stabilization of the international financial system for the International Monetary Fund, borrowers moral hazard partly remains
Clark, Daniel Wesley. "Assessing the Conditions for Post-Cold War Conflict Interventions." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1499251298417079.
Full textLeroux, Nicolas. "La condition juridique des organisations non-gouvernementales internationales." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020096.
Full textConverse, Nathan. "Essays on international capital flows." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/877/.
Full textFaulkner, David Oakley. "International strategic alliances : key conditions for their effective development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357350.
Full textCha, Myung Soo. "The international trade cycle, 1885-1896." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1988. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/98789/.
Full textAmara-Abbas, Neïla. "Le petit pays ouvert face à la régionalisation de l'économie mondiale : le cas de la Suisse et de l'intégration européenne." Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090052.
Full textGherzouli, Khaled. "Partenariat interentreprises nord-sud : structures explicatives et conditions d'émergence de relations coopératives et réussies : (cas de l'Algérie)." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOE010.
Full textThis work deals with the north-south inter-firm partnership. The question is centred on the identification of the explanatory structures and of the crucial factors which could allow cooperative and successful relationships. The partnership is defined here like a durable relation between independent firms which commit themselves actively and mutually as part of a community of interests. In the same way, the success is described as the positive situation corresponding to the division of the profits obtained between all the parties involved in the symbiotic project which is conducted. However, two levels of success have been discerned : overall success and commercial success (simple division of market opportunities). The theoretical model suggested here distinguishes three different logics of interpretation of the partnership between firms from unevenly developed countries : - a srategic logic centred on the distinction of the differences of implications and motivations in the partnership. - an organizational logic which conceives the partnership like an innovating interorganizational configuration allowing the emergence of a mass of technical and managerial learning. - a politico-economic logic in which we have to consider the partnership as an adapted managing to reach the resources available in the "partnerial environment". However, through the explanatory structures emphasized here, it seems that the overall success goes along with a strict respect of the next three series of factors
Raman, Manoj. "Development and international business : an application to India." Thesis, City University London, 1999. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7746/.
Full textEisenbarth, Sabrina. "Essays on international trade, environmental regulation and resource management." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35736/.
Full textBarnes, Lucy Dawn. "Performances of law under postmodern conditions." Thesis, University of Kent, 2010. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/21028/.
Full textDrummond, Aldemir. "Enabling conditions for organizational learning : a study in international business ventures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299400.
Full textHang, Haiming. "The emergence of international retailing in China: Pre-conditions and contexts." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494915.
Full textTheron, Nicolas Charle. "Medical conditions and illness in elite football players during international competition." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9034.
Full textBackground: Previous clinical research of football players participating in international tournaments has mainly focussed on documentation of injuries and risk factors for injury. However, despite anecdotal evidence that medical symptomatology, illness and medical complaints are common during travel to international competitions, the epidemiology of medical conditions before, during or after elite level football tournaments, has not been well documented. Objective: The aims of the research presented in this dissertation were: 1) to determine the prevalence of medical conditions in elite football players 2) to determine the incidence and nature of medical conditions and illness in the elite football players participating in an international tournament (2009 FIFA Confederations Cup tournament) and 3) to provide data for the medical planning and management of elite football players during future events. Methods: The first component of this dissertation consisted of a comprehensive review of the current literature describing the prevalence and incidence of medical conditions and illness in athletes. The original research component of this dissertation consisted of two parts, and both studies were conducted during the FIFA Confederations Cup tournament, which was held in South Africa in June 2009. All the players in the 8 participating teams (23 players per team – a total of 184 players) were approached by the FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) through their team physicians and invited to participate as research subjects in the studies. Part 1 (descriptive cross-sectional study): Prior to the tournament, all the players completed a previously validated medical history and illness questionnaire. Furthermore, the questionnaire contained sections on player demographics, training history, medication and supplement use, life-style history, family history of atopy, current and past history of medical conditions and detailed sections pertaining to upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), allergies, asthma, exercise associated muscle cramping (EAMC) and history of previous surgery. Part 2 (prospective cohort study): During the 15 days of the tournament each team physician was requested to complete a daily injury, medical illness and treatment log for each player. Finally, data on the environmental conditions at each venue were collected, as recorded by the South African Weather Service. Results: The main findings in part 1 of this study were: 1) exercise associated muscle cramping (EAMC) was the most prevalent medical condition reported, with 64 (46%) of the players reporting a history of EAMC, 2) the prevalence of allergy was 27 (20%) and asthma 6 (4%), 3) the prevalence of dermatological conditions was 16 (12%), 4) the prevalence of gastro-intestinal conditions was 10 (7%) and central nervous system conditions was 6 (4%), 5) URTI one week before the tournament was reported by 7 (5%) of the players, 6) 68 (49%) of the players reported a history of previous surgery and 7) 72 (52%) of the players reported the use of supplements or vitamins and 11 (8%) the use of medication. Knee surgery was the most common anatomical area operated with 33 (24%) of the players reporting previous knee surgery. This was followed by a much lower prevalence of ankle surgery, 8 (6%). In part 2 of the study, a total of 56 injuries and 35 illnesses were recorded during the tournament. The main findings in this study were: 1) an overall injury rate of 64.4 injuries per 1000 match hours or 2.1 injuries per match, 2) an overall rate of 2.7 injuries and 1.7 illnesses per 100 player days, 3) that 0.88 days were lost per injury and 0.46 days were lost per illness, 4) the lower limb was the most commonly injured body part, 5) 11 (20%) of the injuries reported were to the thigh, 6) 15 (44%) of the injuries reported were due to a contusion, 6) 13 (37%) of the illnesses reported were due to ENT conditions, and 7) 7 (20%) were due to respiratory tract symptoms. Summary and conclusion: Illness and injury are common during an international football tournament. The pattern of injury was similar to that previously reported. However, the novel finding of this dissertation was that illness is a significant component to the medical care to a travelling team and needs to be considered by team physicians managing the medical needs of elite football teams.
ʿAbla, Walīd. "Les conditions de recevabilité de la requête devant les tribunaux administratifs de l'ONU et de l'OIT." Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020008.
Full textThis thesis studies the receivability of the complaint before the u. N. Administrative tribunal and the i. L. O. Administrative tribunal. It is composed of an introduction and three parts. The first part concerned the applicant who must be an official,even if his employant has cessed, or a person on whom the rights of an official have devolved on the death of the official. The second part is related to the decision impugned. A complaint shall not be receivable unless the decision impugned is a final decision and the person concerned has exhausted all other means of resisting which are open to him under the staff regulations. The third part deals with the requierements concerning the form and the period within which a complaint must be filed. It is a study based essentially on the analysis of the jurisprudence of these tribunals and supports comparaison with the jurisprudence of the conseil d'etat in france
Sorel, Jean-Marc. "Les aspects juridiques de la conditionnalité du fonds monétaire international." Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA131022.
Full textLiu, Mou-Cho. "De la condition internationale de l'Egypte depuis la déclaration anglaise de 1922." Lyon : Université Lyon3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/1990/liu_mc.
Full textTriki, Dorra. "Les conditions initiales de la longevité des joint ventures internationales : une analyse des JVI implantées dans les pays de la Méditerrannée." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30047.
Full textInter-firm partnerships and international joint ventures (IJV) have developed significantly at the global scale. Previous studies show that, despite their benefits, these strategies remain risky, with a heterogeneous level of performance. In this doctoral dissertation, we aim to analyze the impact of initial conditions on longevity and exit modes of joint ventures established in Mediterranean countries. For this purpose, we have chosen a holistic approach by using three sets of variables: the environment of the common structure, the characteristics of the partner companies and the characteristics of the joint venture. Such initial conditions, under which IJVs are formed, are considered as "destabilizing" factors influencing the duration of the partnership. In order to determine the influence of these variables, we created a database, relying on the international business press. The sample includes 124 IJVs which were formed between 1996 and 2003 and implemented in eight countries of the Mediterranean region. Survival analysis shows that the type of IJV (created by greenfield investments or by acquisition) and the industry relatedness of an IJV to its foreign parent have a significant influence on longevity
Shariat-Bagheri, Mohammad-Javad. "Les conditions d'application des conventions internationales relatives à l'arbitrage de droit privé." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR30013.
Full textThis study deals with conditions of application of international arbitration conventions of private law. In fact, the international arbitration of private law has for object the regulation of disputes between individuals at the international level or between a state (or more generally a subject of public international law) and an individual. International conventions supporting on the private law arbitration are very numerous. It concerns first the multilateral conventions concluded specifically in the matter of international arbitration and then the bilateral conventions supporting - often incidentally and sometimes specifically - the international arbitration. The application of the rules of these conventions, by judge or by the international arbitrator when the convention is binding on this last, passes necessarily by the preliminary verification if the conditions of their application are met. These conditions are, first of all, those defined by each international convention. In other terms, each international convention defines its own domain by applying itself to, for example, nationals of contracting states or to commercial disputes or to awards rendered to foreign countries. The determination of the domain of application of international arbitration conventions has given place to various difficulties and we have devoted the first part of our study to the examination of the difficulties to which national jurisdictions or arbitration tribunals have been confronted. Nevertheless, the judge's task to determine the conditions of application of international conventions is more complex. The multiplication of these conventions on one hand, and the existence of intern legislative dispositions on the other hand, poses the problem of norms conflict. This conflict occurs, naturally, when the litigation enters simultaneously the field of application of two or several texts, and when that the solutions of each of these texts are different from one another. The solution of this conflict consists in the application of the "maximal efficiency" rule contained in the New York convention of june 10, 1958, the most important convention concluded in the matter. Our second part is therefore devoted to the question of norms conflict in the application of the conventions relating to international arbitration