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Academic literature on the topic 'International conventions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "International conventions"

1

Brown, E. D. "International maritime conventions." Marine Policy 17, no. 2 (1993): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-597x(93)90034-z.

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Akseli, N. Orkun. "The Interpretation Philosophy of Secured Transaction Law Conventions." European Review of Private Law 21, Issue 5/6 (2013): 1299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2013078.

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Abstract: Uniform secured transaction law conventions are critical instruments in efforts to reduce the cost of credit and increase cross-border investment and trade. They present neutral sets of rules. Their provisions need to be construed autonomously, considering their neutral and international character and the need to establish predictability, transactional certainty, and good faith. This article examines the interpretation philosophy of three significant uniform secured transaction law conventions, namely the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade, UNIDROIT Convention on International Factoring, and UNIDROIT Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment. Résumé: Les conventions relatives à la législation uniforme sur les operations garanties sont des instruments indispensables pour réduire le coût du crédit, et pour accroître l'investissement et le commerce transfrontalier. Les conventions édictent des règles neutres. Leurs dispositions doivent être interprétées de façon autonome, à la lumière de leur caractère neutre et international et afin d'assurer une prévisibilité, une certitude transactionnelle ainsi que la bonne foi. Cet article examine la philosophie d'interprétation de trois conventions: la Convention des Nations Unies sur la Cession de Créances dans le Commerce International, la Convention d'Unidroit sur l'Affacturage International, et la Convention d'Unidroit relative aux Garanties Internationales Portant sur des Matériels d'Equipement Mobiles. Zusammenfassung: Die Konventionen zum Recht der Kreditsicherheiten spielen eine gewichtige Rolle für die Reduzierung von Kreditkosten und die Erleichterung von grenzüberschreitenden Investitionen und Handel. Sie stellen dabei neutrale Rechtsregeln dar. Die entsprechenden Vorschriften müssen demzufolge unter Berücksichtigung ihres neutralen und internationalen Charakters, sowie dem Grundsatz der Vorhersehbarkeit autonom ausgelegt werden. Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht die Auslegungsphilosophie von drei bedeutenden Konventionen zum Recht der Kreditsicherheiten, nämlich der UN Konvention über das Recht der Forderungsabtretung im internationalen Handel, der UNIDROIT Konvention über das internationale Factoring und der UNIDROIT Konvention über internationale Sicherungsrechte an beweglicher Ausrüstung.

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Jacobsson, Måns. "The International Compensation Regime Revisited." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (2003): 1231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-1231.

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ABSTRACT The international regime of compensation was established by two international treaties elaborated under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), namely the 1969 Civil Liability Convention and the 1971 Fund Convention. These Conventions were revised by Protocols in 1992, and the revised Conventions, known as the 1992 Conventions, have effectively replaced the original ones. The 1992 Civil Liability Convention governs the liability of the shipowner, whereas the 1992 Fund Convention provides supplementary compensation through the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund (1992), financed by a levy on oil receipts in member nations. The total amount of compensation under the 1992 Conventions is US$178 million per incident but will be increased to US$269 million from 1 November 2003. This paper describes briefly the scope and application of the Conventions with reference to specific incidents involving the IOPC Funds, focusing on developments over the past two years. In view of the experience of recent major incidents, the 1992 Fund has set up a Working Group to hold an exchange of views concerning the need for and possibilities of improving the international compensation regime established by the 1992 Conventions. As a first step, the Working Group prepared a draft Protocol establishing an optional third tier of compensation by means of a Supplementary Compensation Fund which would provide additional compensation over and above that available under the 1992 Conventions. The draft Protocol will be considered by a Diplomatic Conference to be held under the auspices of the IMO in May 2003. Certain issues relating to environmental damage have been considered. The Working Group continues its review of the 1992 Conventions and will examine a number of issues, inter alia, shipowners’ liability.

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Jacobsson, Mans. "INTERNATIONAL REGIME FOR COMPENSATION FOR POLLUTION FROM TANKERS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (1997): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-69.

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ABSTRACT Compensation for oil spills from laden tankers has so far been governed by two international conventions adopted under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization: the 1969 Civil Liability Convention and the 1971 Fund Convention. Ninety-six states are parties to the 1969 Civil Liability Convention, and 70 states are parties to the 1971 Fund Convention. The United States is not party to either of these conventions. In 1992, two protocols were adopted amending the 1969 Civil Liability Convention and the 1971 Fund Convention. The conventions as amended by the 1992 protocols (the 1992 conventions), which entered into force on May 30, 1996, give better economic protection to victims of oil pollution damage caused by oil spills from tankers than the conventions in their original versions. Under the 1992 conventions, the available compensation amounts per incident (including the sum actually paid by the shipowner and his or her insurer) have been increased from US$87 million to approximately US$196 million. The 1971 Fund Convention set up an intergovernmental organization, the 1971 Fund, to administer the compensation system. The new system of compensation established under the 1992 Fund Convention is administered by a separate legal entity: the 1992 Fund. The two funds share a secretariat.

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Jacobsson, Måns. "THE INTERNATIONAL COMPENSATION SYSTEM IN A PERIOD OF TRANSFORMATION." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (2001): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-829.

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ABSTRACT Two international treaties elaborated under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization (IMO)—the 1969 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (1969 Civil Liability Convention) and the 1971 International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (1971 Fund Convention)—established the international regime of compensation. These Conventions were revised by Protocols in 1992, and the revised Conventions, known as the 1992 Conventions, are intended to replace the original ones. The Civil Liability Conventions govern the liability of the shipowner, whereas the Fund Conventions provide for supplementary compensation through two intergovernmental organizations, the International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds, financed by a levy on oil receipts in Member nations. A number of nations has ratified the 1992 Conventions and denounced the original 1969/1971 Conventions, but a number of other nations has not yet done so. After the denunciation by a number of nations whose oil industries are major contributors to the system, the old regime soon will be reaching a point where it is no longer financially viable. It is therefore important that the 1971 Fund Convention be terminated as soon as possible. It is likely that the maximum amount of compensation available under the 1992 Conventions (at present some US$180 million) will increase to some US$270 million as of November 1, 2003. In view of the experience of recent major incidents, the question has been raised as to whether the 1992 Conventions should be reassessed to ensure that the international regime continues to meet the needs of society.

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Gleason, Paul. "Major International Copyright Conventions." Acquisitions Librarian 8, no. 15 (1996): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j101v08n15_02.

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SAFWAT M. HASHIM, SUHAIR. "Conventional Implicature in English Legal/ Diplomatic Texts: International Conventions." Anbar University Journal of Languages & Literature 1, no. 1 (2009): 843–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37654/aujll.2009.63916.

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Gasser, Hans-Peter. "Universal acceptance of international humanitarian law — Promotional activities of the ICRC." International Review of the Red Cross 34, no. 302 (1994): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400078451.

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In its Final Declaration of 1 September 1993, the International Conference for the Protection of War Victims inter alia urged all States to make every effort to:“Consider or reconsider, in order to enhance the universal character of international humanitarian law, becoming party or confirming their succession, where appropriate, to the relevant treaties concluded since the adoption of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, in particular:—the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts of 8 June 1977 (Protocol I);—the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts of 8 June 1977 (Protocol II);—the 1980 Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons and its three Protocols;—The 1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict”.

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Khamidulina, Kh Kh, and A. A. Vinogradova. "INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS IN CHEMICAL SAFETY AT THE RESENT STAGE." Toxicological Review, no. 6 (December 28, 2017): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2017-6-48-53.

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Modern directions of activities are reported in the frame of international agreements in chemical safety-The Basel Convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal, the Rotterdam Convention on the prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade, the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants. Taking into account that at the national level, especially in small-size countries, the same bodies represent their countries in international conventions, in 2011 under UNEP, a BRS convention (unified secretariat) was set up to improve coordination of Conventions, to raise the level of their cooperation and at the same time to lower expenses of their activities by setting up common services such as administration support, joimt clearing house, planning and holding meetings of all levels, training, providing technical assistance etc. The three conventions deal with a great number of the same substances in accordance with their objectives and area of activities which requires a deep coordination in the frame of Conventions both at the international and national levels. All three Conventions preserve their full independence but conducting a policy of synenergy that means collaboration and deep coordination,

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Jacobsson, Måns. "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN THE INTERNATIONAL COMPENSATION REGIME." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (2005): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-763.

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ABSTRACT The international compensation regime is based on two international treaties elaborated under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), namely the 1992 Civil Liability Convention and the 1992 Fund Convention. The 1992 Civil Liability Convention governs the liability of the shipowner, whereas the 1992 Fund Convention provides supplementary compensation through the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund 1992 (1992 Fund), financed by a levy on oil receipts in Member States. This paper describes recent developments in the international compensation regime. The total amount of compensation available under the 1992 Conventions was increased from United States (US) $210 million to US $315 million for incidents occurring after 31 October 2003 In view of the experience of recent major incidents, the 1992 Fund set up a Working Group to hold an exchange of views concerning the need for and possibilities of improving the international compensation regime established by the 1992 Conventions. As a result of preparatory work carried out by the Working Group, a Diplomatic Conference held in May 2003 adopted a draft Protocol establishing an optional third tier of compensation by means of a Supplementary Compensation Fund which would provide additional compensation over and above that available under the 1992 Conventions. The total amount of compensation available for pollution damage in the nations that become Parties to it will be US $1,150 million per incident, including the amounts payable under the 1992 Conventions. The Protocol will enter into force on 3 March 2005. The Working Group continues its review of the 1992 Conventions and will examine a number of issues, inter alia, shipowners' liability. It is expected that the Working Group will make its final recommendations to the 1992 Fund Assembly in 2005 as to whether the 1992 Conventions should be re-opened and, if so, which issues should be considered.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International conventions"

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Audit, Mathias. "Les conventions transnationales entre personnes publiques /." Paris : LGDJ, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38820313f.

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Monteil, Leslie. "L'application des conventions internationales de droit maritime en droit français." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D008/document.

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Les conventions internationales sont adoptées par des organisations internationales dans le but d’imposer des règles uniformes dans un domaine spécifique. L’intégration du droit international dans l’ordre juridique de chacun des États parties dépend de la méthode choisie par leur propre droit national. En France, les conventions internationales de droit maritime occupent une place particulière qui leur permet d’avoir leurs dispositions directement invocables par les particuliers. Elles jouissent également d’une grande autorité lorsqu’elles sont reprises par les normes de l’Union européenne produisant des effets contraignants à l’égard des États membres. Le statut de la convention internationale au sein de l’ordre juridique français garantit la pleine effectivité des mesures qu’elle contient, sous réserve que leurs dispositions soient pleinement mises en œuvre par les tribunaux. Le juge aura alors un rôle fondamental dans l’application des conventions internationales puisqu’il pourra influencer sur les effets de ces normes internationales et choisir de participer à l’unification du droit. Mais il sera également tributaire de certaines contraintes inhérentes à l’adoption d’un acte de droit international, ce qui limitera les espoirs d’unification des règles de droit applicables en matière maritime<br>The main purpose of the international organization when adopting an international convention is to provide uniform rules for specific fields. The incorporation of international regulation into the legal system of States parties depends on the national laws. In France, the monism system leads to the possibility for every claimant to invoke the provisions of the treaties to support their claim. The authority of international maritime convention has increased when the EU regulation implemented them in EU system which implies that States members are obliged to comply with them. The legal status of international convention in the national French legal system guarantees the enforcement of their own provisions, provided that they are duly applied by the national Courts. The judge will have a significant impact in the enforcement of a treaty. His ruling can improve the unification of international law. However, the judge will be subject to some constraints that may threaten the aim of unification of applicable rules in the shipping law

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Brière, Carine. "Les conflits de conventions internationales en droit privé." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUEL381.

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Diverses organisations internationales ont pour mission de procéder à l'unification du droit privé en élaborant des conventions internationales. Face à l'augmentation du nombre des textes conventionnels, le phénomène des conflits de conventions ne cesse de prendre de l'ampleur. C'est à la prévention des conflits de conventions que la première partie de cette étude est consacrée. La prise de conscience trop tardive par les rédacteurs d'instruments internationaux des risques d'antinomies entre les textes conventionnels est mise en lumière. Pour prévenir les conflits de conventions, une meilleure coordination des activités des organisations internationales paraît indispensable. Celles-ci doivent être incitées à organiser entre elles une concertation continue afin d'éviter une dispersion des efforts d'uniformisation du droit privé. Le recours à certaines techniques préventives, comme le renvoi à une autre convention ou l'intégration de dispositions identiques à celles figurant dans un instrument déjà existant, doit en outre être privilégié par les auteurs de conventions internationales en raison de leur originalité et de leur efficacité. La prévention des conflits étant jusqu'alors insuffisante, tant les notaires, les avocats que les juges se trouvent confrontes à d'inévitables incompatibilités entre les textes conventionnels qu'ils doivent tenter de résoudre. La résolution des conflits de conventions est donc examinée dans la deuxième partie de cette étude. Après avoir analysé l'opportunité de formuler des règles de conflit de conventions, est proposée une nouvelle approche du règlement des conflits qui est fondée sur l'affirmation de l'existence d'une hiérarchie entre les conventions internationales.

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Parrot, Karine. "L'interprétation des conventions de droit international privé." Paris 1, 2004. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D84.

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Depuis la fin du 19ème siècle, les Etats concluent des traités internationaux destinés à l'uniformisation des règles étatiques de droit international privé dans l'objectif d'améliorer la sécurité juridique de leurs sujets de droit étatique. Mais les normes étatiques adoptées par les Etats pour se conformer à leurs obligations de droit international sont chacune interprétées de manière spécifique par les juges des différents ordres juridiques étatiques. Il s'agit de déterminer si les juges étatiques tiennent compte de l'origine internationale des normes de droit international privé qu'ils appliquent et de définir jusqu'où une telle prise en compte est en mesure de garantir l'ojectif recherché par les Etats à travers la conclusion de conventions internationales de droit international privé.

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Assaf, Rayanne. "L' unification du régime juridique des conventions d'arbitrage interne et international." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020072.

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La thèse s’interroge sur la possibilité d’unifier le régime juridique des conventions d’arbitrage internes et internationales. Après avoir apprécié dans un titre préliminaire la possibilité ainsi que l’opportunité de l’adoption d’une même conception de l’autonomie des conventions d’arbitrage interne et international, cette thèse traite de l’unification des conditions de formation de la convention d’arbitrage et des règles qui régissent son exécution. La première partie (La formation de la convention d’arbitrage) examine la possibilité de l’unification des conditions de forme et de fond de formation de la convention d’arbitrage (Titre 1), ainsi que de son domaine (Titre 2). Il s’agit de se demander dans quelle mesure, un mouvement de rapprochement des deux régimes pourrait, au-delà d’une simple harmonisation des solutions, déboucher sur une unification véritable des conditions de formation de la convention d’arbitrage. Dans ce même esprit, la seconde partie s’attache à l’exécution de la convention d’arbitrage. Dans un premier titre, est appréciée l’éventualité d’une unité des effets des conventions d’arbitrage interne et internationale. Le second titre est consacré à l’étude de l’unité des règles qui régissent la transmission et l’extension de la convention d’arbitrage, interne ou internationale.

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Parrot, Karine. "L' interprétation des conventions de droit international privé /." XV, 589 S, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/511019173.pdf.

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Foy, Valencia Pierre Claudio. "Considerations weather on environmental relevant of international conventions." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116109.

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In the first part we introduce what we consider the main features of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (CMCC) and its context, in terms of prejuridical issues about climate diplomacy and general considerations about this convention. In the second part, we discuss some references in order to show the synergies between the international agreements and the CMCC and some other more specific legal instruments.<br>En la primera parte se elabora una caracterización de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMCC) y su contexto en términos de consideraciones prejurídicas acerca de la diplomacia climática y de consideraciones generales sobre dicha convención. En la segunda parte se abordan, a modo de muestra, referencias sobre las sinergias entre compromisos internacionales y la CMCC y algunas derivaciones jurídicas más específicas.

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Trindade, Marinho Anapaula. "La subsidiarité des conventions fiscales." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010295/document.

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L’Étude porte sur un principe prétorien érigé par le Conseil d’État au travers de ses décisions et des conclusions rendues sous ses décisions par les Rapporteurs Publics. Depuis 1975 le Conseil d’État exerce le contrôle de la compatibilité d'un acte d'imposition vis-à-vis de conventions fiscales contre la double imposition et l'évasion fiscale qui est fait sous l'égide du principe de subsidiarité. En vertu de ce principe, au préalable du contrôle de «conventionnalité» de l'acte d'imposition, les juridictions doivent impérativement exercer un contrôle de la légalité de l'acte d'imposition, en prenant appui sur les seules dispositions du droit d'origine purement nationale, c'est-à-dire, du droit dit « domestique». Ce principe, tout juste nommé comme tel par le Conseil d’État dans une décision rendue en 2014, a longtemps fait l'unanimité au sein de la doctrine. Le principe de subsidiarité serait un principe conforme au bon sens et à la logique. Nous tentons au cours de ce travail de démontrer que le principe de subsidiarité des conventions fiscales pose problème à la fois d'un point de vue, strictement théorique, et à la fois d'un point de vue pratique. D'un point de vue théorique d'abord, il sera démontré que le principe de subsidiarité des conventions fiscales est particulier, il ne correspond à aucune autre application juridique de la subsidiarité, la similitude n'est que enveloppe terminologique. La version fiscale soulève un véritable problème théorique et pratique que la thèse tente de démontrer<br>Our dissertation is about a praetorian principle erected by the French Administrative Supreme Court the Conseil d'Etat since 1975 and that became one of the major case law on international taxation under the French Law. From the given case law, it results that the checking of the conformity of a tax act issued by the French Tax authority with respect to a tax treaty, has to be made at a second stage, after of a domestic law based control by the judge. The principle implies the application of a method when controlling acts issued by the tax authority that tends to link the provisions of the tax treaty to be applied, of the prior qualifications provided by the domestic law. The principle has just been appointed as «the principle of subsidiarity of tax treaties, in a 2014 Decision, and differs from any other application of the subsidiarity theory in law

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Levine, Pierre. "La Lutte contre l'évasion fiscale de caractère international en l'absence et en présence de conventions internationales." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010293.

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Le droit de la fiscalité internationale, jusqu'à présent, s'est caractérisé par deux démarches constantes. La première a consisté à privilégier le droit fiscal international par rapport au droit international fiscal. La seconde a consisté à s'attacher davantage à l'élimination des doubles impositions qu'a la lutte contre l'évasion fiscale. L'objet de la présente thèse est de suivre les démarches opposées. En premier lieu, elle se propose donc de relier le droit de la fiscalité internationale au droit international plus qu'au droit fiscal ; en second lieu, elle se propose de montrer que la préoccupation actuelle des états les amène à une vigilance accrue dans le domaine de la lutte contre l'évasion fiscale. La présente thèse se divise donc en trois grands développements. Un premier développement (introduction) définit et décrit l'évasion fiscale de caractère international. A cet égard, une attention particulière est apportée à la notion de paradis fiscal. Un second développement (première partie) est consacré à l'obtention de renseignements et au recouvrement des impositions en l'absence de convention fiscale. Il montre que les moyens d'action de l'état souverain à cet effet sont et demeurent limites au regard du droit international général. Un troisième développement (deuxième partie) est consacré à l'obtention des renseignements dans le cadre conventionnel. Il se montre critique vis-à-vis des solutions retenues par les divers modèles de conventions fiscales.

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Levine, Pierre. "La Lutte contre l'évasion fiscale de caractère international en l'absence et en présence de conventions internationales." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375991742.

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Books on the topic "International conventions"

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Ignacio, Arroyo, ed. International maritime conventions. Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1991.

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Commission, New Zealand Law, ed. International trade conventions. The Commission, 2000.

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Rosenblatt, Jeremy. International conventions affecting children. Kluwer Law International, 2000.

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Organisation, International Labour, and International Labour Conference, eds. International labour conventions and recommendations. International Labour Office, 1996.

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Board, Guernsey States Children. International conventions relating to children. States of Guernsey, 2003.

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1954-, Borch Frederic L., ed. Geneva Conventions. Kaplan Pub., 2010.

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Borch, Frederic L. Geneva Conventions. Kaplan Pub., 2010.

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McNally & co. [from old catalog] Rand. Statutes & conventions on private international law. 2nd ed. Cavendish Pub., 2004.

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Carr, Indira. Statutes & conventions on international trade law. Cavendish, 1993.

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McNally & co. [from old catalog] Rand. Statutes & conventions on private international law. Cavendish Pub., 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "International conventions"

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Roose, Patrick. "International Conventions." In Chemical Marine Monitoring. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119990826.ch2.

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Gardner, Royal C. "Framework of International Conventions." In The Wetland Book. Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6172-8_112-1.

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Gardner, Royal C. "Framework of International Conventions." In The Wetland Book. Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9659-3_112.

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Eidsvik, Harold K. "International Conventions — Tools for Sustainability." In Sustainable Development of the Lake Baikal Region. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61429-3_31.

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Zhang, Wei. "Industrial relations and international conventions." In Managing Human Resources in the Shipping Industry. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315740027-5.

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Cobb, Ellen Pinkos. "Developing Countries and International Conventions." In Managing Psychosocial Hazards and Work-Related Stress in Today's Work Environment. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003187349-17.

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Partain, Roy A. "Impact of international energy conventions." In Coordinating Public and Private Sustainability. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315149417-7.

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Citaristi, Ileana. "The Rio Conventions." In The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2022, 24th ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003292548-48.

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Mueller, Wolfgang. "Against the Hague Conventions." In War, Peace and International Order? Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315447803-12.

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"International Conventions." In Elgar Concise Encyclopedia of Aviation Law, edited by Anna Masutti and Pablo Mendes de Leon. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781803923659.00097.

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Conference papers on the topic "International conventions"

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Matic, Andreea Elena, and Adriana Iuliana Stancu. "SPECIAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN RIGHTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ALL OVER THE WORLD." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s02/16.

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In the present paper we aim to analyze several key aspect regarding the protection of the children�s rights in the EU specially and all over the world, in general. We will refer to the 1980 Hague Convention which applies in all EU member states in regard to the children under the age of 16 who are displaced from their habitual residence in another state or are detained in this second state unlawfully. The provisions of the Hague Convention apply if the child was illegally moved to or from a country which is a party to this Convention and if the minor was under sixteen years of age at the time of his removal or detention. Children are one of the most vulnerable category of people and the states should be very careful in regard to their protection. That is why there is a need to raise awareness and improve the knowledge and analysis of the legal standards that ensure the actual protection and promotion of these rights. We will also refer to the EU regulations: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) which establishes the Union�s obligation to promote the protection of children�s rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (EU), EU regulations and directives and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Within the Council of Europe, many conventions focus on specific aspects of the protection of children�s rights, from their rights and safety in cyberspace to adoption. Results and implications: These conventions complement the protection granted to children under the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Social Charter, including under the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and the decisions of the European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR).

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Tudor, Florin. "STRENGTHENING THE PARTNERSHIP AND ADAPTING FRAUD PREVENTION TECHNIQUES." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s02/17.

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In the present paper we aim to analyze several key aspect regarding the protection of the children�s rights in the EU specially and all over the world, in general. We will refer to the 1980 Hague Convention which applies in all EU member states in regard to the children under the age of 16 who are displaced from their habitual residence in another state or are detained in this second state unlawfully. The provisions of the Hague Convention apply if the child was illegally moved to or from a country which is a party to this Convention and if the minor was under sixteen years of age at the time of his removal or detention. Children are one of the most vulnerable category of people and the states should be very careful in regard to their protection. That is why there is a need to raise awareness and improve the knowledge and analysis of the legal standards that ensure the actual protection and promotion of these rights. We will also refer to the EU regulations: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) which establishes the Union�s obligation to promote the protection of children�s rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (EU), EU regulations and directives and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Within the Council of Europe, many conventions focus on specific aspects of the protection of children�s rights, from their rights and safety in cyberspace to adoption. Results and implications: These conventions complement the protection granted to children under the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Social Charter, including under the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and the decisions of the European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR).

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Kuchma, Olha, and Liudmyla Sinova. "INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION: USING PRIORITY." In Relevant Issues of the Development of Science in Central and Eastern European Countries. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-588-11-2_61.

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Quynh, Nguyen Thi. "Criticisms of Conventions on international carriage of goods by sea and the question." In Naděje právní vědy 2023. University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.nadeje.2023.606-614.

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The growth of international trade and ocean transportation has led to the establishment of the four conventions governing the international carriage of goods by sea, namely the Hague Rules, Hague-Visby Rules, Hamburg Rules, and Rotterdam Rules with the aim of uniformity and harmonization. Each Convention attempts to set the rules to satisfy all the involved participants. However, all Conventions have faced various criticisms and none of them has been successful in terms of uniformity and harmonization due to the lack of widespread approval. As a result, international maritime carriage is now split between these international maritime Conventions (the Rotterdam Rules are still not in force). This paper will highlight the criticism of the four Conventions and discuss the issue of uniformity in the field of international carriage of goods by sea. It supports the solutions adopted in the Rotterdam Rules and offers suggestions for the question of uniformity in international carriage of goods by sea.

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Balasuriya, B. M. A. H. H. "Liability of the Air Carrier for the Death and Injury of a Passenger." In SLIIT International Conference on Advancements in Sciences and Humanities 2023. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/rphk7009.

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International Civil Aviation Law is one of the most important legal orders in the contemporary International Law. Since passengers are the most important component in aviation processes, it is important to ensure the protection of passengers during the aviation process. An international legal framework for air carrier liability for passengers is governed by the Warsaw Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to International Carriage by Air in 1929 and also Montreal Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to International Carriage by Air in 1999. Even though these conventions are available, there are some lacunas related to ensuring the protection of the passengers covered by dozens of Case Laws. As Montreal Convention in 1999 replaced the Warsaw convention in 1929, it is paramount to ascertain the existing legal phenomena regarding the liability for death and injury of passengers, enriched by case laws. The focus of this study is a doctrinal research based on International Conventions, Case Laws, Law Reports and Law Journals in an international context. Based on the International Conventions and Case Laws, this paper will analyse the existing legal regime related to air carriers’ liability over death and injury of passengers in the field of International Civil Aviation.

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Armeanic, Alexandru. "Scope Of International Treaties To Avoid Double Taxation." In 27th International Scientific Conference “Competitiveness and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy”. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/cike2023.61.

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The conventions concluded by the Republic of Moldova on the notion of "person" do not include the element of society, replacing it with the notion of a legal entity. Data: However, the conventions concluded by the Republic of Moldova in the article that will refer to the general definitions (art. 3), will not even refer to the content of a legal person, as is done in the case of the Model Convention, when it refers to the notion of "society". Methodology: These distinctions do not have deviant interpretations, because the notion of "company" is defined by the Model Convention in the following way: "the term "company" designates any legal person or any entity that is considered for taxation purposes as a legal person". Findings: Therefore, in the broad sense of the concept of "legal person", used in the conventions concluded by the Republic of Moldova, only those legal persons that are taken into account "for the purpose of taxation" can be defined, i.e. legal persons that are subject to taxation with regard to taxes which are covered by the convention. In the case of legal entities, when it is a resident of both contracting states, it is considered resident in that contracting state where the effective management body is located. It is necessary to underline the fact that the international benefits of elimination of double taxation are offered only to subjects resident in one or both signatory states. A taxable subject who is not resident in one of these states will not be able to benefit from the provisions of the conventions.

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Iwamoto, Hidekazu, Tokuro Matsuo, Yasushi Sugiyama, and Sachio Hirokawa. "Quantitive Analysis of Important Attributes to Attract International Conventions." In 2019 8th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai.2019.00166.

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Allamanis, Miltiadis, Earl T. Barr, Christian Bird, and Charles Sutton. "Learning natural coding conventions." In the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium. ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2635868.2635883.

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ahmed abed, Ibrahim. "Cybercrime in international law." In المؤتمر الدولي الثالث في القانون والعلاقات الدولية. Cihan University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/lir32021/paper.408.

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Because of the seriousness has been focused on the response of states and international organizations concluded on the international conventions and the regulations and instructions necessary to prevent them and hit them and hold those responsible accountable, the most important convention in Europe ( Budapest ) and the system of data protection, who issued it and the Arab convention for the protection of the data and the convention of the African to protect the data and finally the efforts of the United Nations set up the convention on the design of inclusive of all countries of the world . The research aims to answer the following questions.

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Bujor�Babut, Gabriel�. "IMPACT�OF�THE�INTERNATIONAL�ENVIRONMENTAL�CONVENTIONS�ON�THE�ROMANIAN�MINING�LAW." In SGEM2012 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2012/s24.v5006.

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Reports on the topic "International conventions"

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Luzum, Brian. Recent and Anticipated Changes to the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) Conventions. Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada548342.

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Chong, Alberto E., Gianmarco León, and César Calderón. Institutional Enforcement, Labor-Market Rigidities, and Economic Performance. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010966.

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This paper study the issue of institutional enforcement of regulations by focusing on labor-market policies and their potential link to economic performance. It test the different impacts of enforceable and non-enforceable labor regulations by proxying non-enforceable labor rigidity measures using data on conventions from the International Labor Organization (ILO). It has been argued that non-enforceable conventions -that is, those that exist on paper and are simply de jure regulations -appear to be more distortionary and tend to be the least enforced in practice (Squire and Suthiwart-Narueput, 1997). According to Freeman (1993), these conventions reflect the ideal regulatory framework from an institutionalist perspective and cover a variety of labor market issues, from child labor to placement agencies. Whereas in theory, a country's ratification of ILO conventions gives the country legal status and thus supersedes domestic regulations relating to those issues, in practice the degree of labor-market rigidity depends on how the conventions are enforced. It is the outcome of the regulations that matters, rather than their number.

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Sills, Joe B., Jerome C. Glenn, Theodore J. Gordon, and Renat Perelet. Environmental Security: United Nations Doctrine for Managing Environmental Issues in Military Actions. Volume 2. Selected International Treaties, Conventions and Protocols that Address Environment-Related Issues. Selected International Organizations Relevant to Environmental Security. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada572508.

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Johanna, Jacobi, Kiteme Boniface, and Ottiger Fabian. Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) in Agro-industrial and Smallholder Farming Systems in Kenya. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_r4d.2020.3.en.

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Farms in the global South show heavy use of pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. Some of these substances are banned in Switzerland and the European Union but are often produced and exported from there. Our messages draw on research findings from Kenya. They make the link to international conventions, highlight alternatives to pesticide-intensive agricultural practices, and call for phasing out “highly hazardous” substances in line with human rights and the precautionary principle.

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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, HeeAh Cho, Jongbok Kim, Sang Keon Lee, and Donju Lee. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Orlando, United States of America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007015.

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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), in association with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. As an international destination for theme parks, sporting events and conventions, Orlando approaches the smart city operation through Orlando Operations Center (OOC), an integrated facility established in 2001 by the Mayor after the 1997 hurricane. The major features of the integrated operation include the sharing of fiber optic networks and CCTV cameras, and close cooperation between transport, police and fire departments for road, criminal and disaster incident, and the emergency operation center within the OOC taking the lead in case of special event management and large-scale natural disasters. Along with the OOC, the city hall also utilizes smart city functions such as red light violation enforcement through detectors, bus management through AVL technology, GPS garbage truck tracking, and GIS water management. Orlando has experienced significant benefits in terms of shortened decision-making and response time, reduced operation cost, and improved environmental impacts, as well as enhanced service quality and communication with citizen.

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Faith, Becky, Tony Roberts, and Laura Alfers, eds. The Digitalisation of Social Protection in Africa: The Perspective of Marginalised Workers. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.022.

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The right to decent work including social protection is guaranteed to all citizens in multiple international human rights and labour rights conventions, as well as in African Union resolutions. However, many marginalised workers, including informal and rural workers, are excluded from social protection provisions. The digitalisation of social protection promised to increase the convenience and efficiency of accessing social protection entitlements (and it does for many), but millions of informal workers are being further excluded by digitalisation. This is the first study of digital social protection from the perspective of informal marginalised workers in Africa. Six studies were carried out with and by domestic workers, disabled workers, migrant workers, and home-based workers in Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. This IDS Research Report synthesises their findings and recommendations to establish a clear agenda for change.

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Idris, Iffat. LGBT Rights and Inclusion in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.067.

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This review looks at the extent to which LGBT rights are provided for under law in a range of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and the record on implementation/enforcement, as well as approaches to promote LGBT rights and inclusion. SIDS covered are those in the Caribbean, Pacific, and Atlantic-Indian Ocean-South China Sea (AIS) regions. The review draws on a mixture of grey literature (largely from international development agencies/NGOs), academic literature, and media reports. While the information on the legal situation of LGBT people in SIDS was readily available, there was far less evidence on approaches/programmes to promote LGBT rights/inclusion in these countries. However, the review did find a number of reports with recommendations for international development cooperation generally on LGBT issues. Denial of LGBT rights and discrimination against LGBT people is found to varying extents in all parts of the world. It is important that LGBT people have protection in law, in particular the right to have same-sex sexual relations; protection from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation; and the right to gender identity/expression. Such rights are also provided for under international human rights conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, while the Sustainable Development Goals are based on the principle of ‘leave no one behind'.

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Heitmüller, Frederik. Scenarios for Negotiating a UN Framework Convention on International Tax. Institute of Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.120.

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In 2024, a debate on the objectives and design of a new UN Framework Convention on International Tax fully took off. By establishing a framework for intergovernmental cooperation, such a convention could provide for a more central role of the United Nations in the international tax regime complex, which has been dominated by the OECD and the G20. An analysis of discussions at the Ad Hoc Committee, which met in 2024 to elaborate terms of references for the negotiations of the coming years, stakeholders’ submissions, and the literature on the convention shows that the breadth of suggestions is sizeable, with only little convergence between proposals from the global South and the global North. This paper identifies the main points of contention in the current debate, analysing countries’ and other stakeholders’ positions on them. After the question of the sequencing of the negotiations was settled in the ToR, there are two principal remaining controversies: one is over rules and decision-making procedures, the other over substantive topics to be addressed. While the decision to designate substantive protocols to the convention as optional will allow for the creation of a framework without fully resolving these debates, proponents of the convention from the global South must make a strategic choice as to which of these areas to prioritise, because they form part of a trilemma. If they stick to a firm position on procedures – according to which the convention’s decisions have a binding character and can be taken by a majority vote – and on topics of discussion, much of the framework’s output will initially mainly be ‘by the global South for the global South’, with little participation from the global North. To keep a larger and more diverse group of states on board, the global South may need to compromise on the bindingness of the convention’s instruments, or on the issues that are in scope. Each decision would lead to a different role for the convention in the international tax regime complex. None of them would signify a radical change of the status quo, but each has the potential to incrementally improve the position of lower income countries and thereby lead to a more inclusive international tax regime complex.

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Enfield, Sue. Promoting Gender Equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.063.

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This helpdesk report synthesises evidence on the drivers and opportunities for promoting gender equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood region. Although equality between women and men is enshrined in the constitutions and legal systems of all Eastern Neighbourhood countries, and all countries have ratified most of the important international conventions in this area without reservations; women are still subject to social discrimination. Discriminatory laws, social norms, and practices rooted in patriarchal systems inherited from the Soviet era have negative consequences and act as drags upon gender equality. Former Soviet states making the transition from a command economy to a market-driven system need to make changes in governance and accountability systems to allow for women to have agency and to benefit from any nominal status of gender equality. This report considers areas where there are outstanding opportunities to improve women’s situation in Eastern Neighbourhood countries.

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Hearson, Martin, Frederik Heitmüller, and Vincent Arel-Bundock. Tax Treaty Norms Among Lower- Income Countries and the Role of the UN Model: Past, Present and Potential. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.045.

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Bilateral tax treaties draw heavily from model conventions published by international organisations. In this paper we investigate the influence of the UN model on tax treaties signed by lower-income countries, as well as the potential for specific model provisions to be mainstreamed in a greater number of treaties. Despite its focus on the interests of lower-income countries, the UN model is often assumed to play a minor role compared to the OECD model. Drawing from an updated version of the ICTD Tax Treaties Explorer dataset, we find that a subset of UN model provisions can already be considered as the norm in treaties concluded by lower-income countries. Among the provisions now uniquely found in the UN model, these are the inclusion of ‘supervisory activities’ in article 5(3)a, and the whole of articles 5(3)(b) and 14. The prevalence of many UN articles is increasing, suggesting that more provisions could join these three. The influence of the UN model becomes even more apparent when we focus on the amount of bilateral investment into lower-income countries that is taxed according to UN model provisions. To assess the avenues for further change we study countries’ reservations to model conventions, as well as their recent negotiation history. This allows us to identify those provisions that are most likely to be strong priorities for lower-income countries, and acceptable to a large number of partner countries. In particular, UN articles 5(4)(b), 5(6) and 21(3) are all increasing in prevalence, have strong support from lower-income countries expressed as observations on the OECD model treaty, and show significant renegotiation potential from recent country-level precedent. Overall, we find that there is significant scope for lower-income countries to renegotiate treaties with a view to obtain more rights to tax income at source.

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