Relevant bibliographies by topics / International Criminal Tribunal (ICTR)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'International Criminal Tribunal (ICTR)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "International Criminal Tribunal (ICTR)"

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Goy, Barbara. "Individual Criminal Responsibility before the International Criminal Court." International Criminal Law Review 12, no. 1 (2012): 1–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181212x616522.

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For more than 15 years the two ad hoc Tribunals, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), have interpreted the requirements of different forms of individual criminal responsibility. It is thus helpful to look at whether and to what extent the jurisprudence of the ICTY/ICTR may provide guidance to the International Criminal Court (ICC). To this end, this article compares the requirements of individual criminal responsibility at the ICTY/ICTR and the ICC. The article concludes that, applied with caution, the j
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Holá, Barbora, Catrien Bijleveld, and Alette Smeulers. "Consistency of international sentencing: ICTY and ICTR case study." European Journal of Criminology 9, no. 5 (2012): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370812453112.

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The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda are the first, post Cold War international criminal tribunals convicting perpetrators of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Their sentencing practice has been largely criticized as inconsistent. This quantitative study addresses the criticism and empirically investigates the consistency of international sentencing. The extent to which the selected factors predict sentence length is tested in a multiple regression analysis. The analysis suggests that similar, legally r
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Ryngaert, Cedric. "State Cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda." International Criminal Law Review 13, no. 1 (2013): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01301003.

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This contribution discusses the mismatch between States’ duties to cooperate with the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the reality of State non-cooperation. It focuses on two issues of cooperation which have been particularly important to the Tribunal: the arrest of fugitives by States, and the referral of cases to national jurisdictions under the Tribunal’s completion strategy. The articles demonstrates how Rwanda has used cooperation - which it knows is indispensable for the Tribunal’s functioning - as a bargaining chip to obtain certain concessions from the Tribunal, bu
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Banjarani, Desia Rakhma, Abdul Muthalib Tahar, and Desy Churul Aini. "Studi Perbandingan Kelembagaan dan Yurisdiksi International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) dan the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) dengan International Criminal Court (ICC)." Cepalo 1, no. 1 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/cepalo.v1no1.1754.

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Pentingnya keberadaan pengadilan internasional ICTY, ICTR dan ICC dalam menangani kejahatan internasional dikarenakan pengadilan nasional dianggap tidak mampu untuk merespon kejahatan internasional. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi ketika pengadilan nasional mengalami kerusakan struktur dan sistem. Kerusakan struktur dan sistem pengadilan nasional dapat terjadi pasca suatu negara dilanda konflik yang serius seperti yang terjadi pada saat konflik di Yugoslavia dan Rwanda. Situasi seperti ini disebut sebagai ketidakmampuan (unability) suatu pengadilan nasional dalam mengadili pelaku kejahatan internas
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Saul, Matthew. "Local Ownership of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: Restorative and Retributive Effects." International Criminal Law Review 12, no. 3 (2012): 427–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181212x648879.

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This article identifies and explores the approach taken by the UN Security Council to local ownership of the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). In so doing, the article seeks to contribute toward a comprehensive understanding of the role of the ICTR in transitional Rwanda, as well as to identify lessons for the initiation of ad hoc international criminal tribunals in the future. The perspective that is adopted is centred on considerations of restoration, but attention is also given to the impact of the approach taken to the establishment of the ICTR on the
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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR RWANDA (ICTR)." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 1, no. 1 (2004): 60–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x00035.

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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR RWANDA (ICTR)." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 3, no. 1 (1998): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160698x00041.

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Campbell, Kirsten. "Gender Justice Beyond the Tribunals: From Criminal Accountability to Transformative Justice." AJIL Unbound 110 (2016): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300009077.

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What are the legacies for gender justice of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)? Darryl Robinson and Gillian MacNeil in this symposium describe the modernization of the law on sexual violence as a key legacy of the ad hoc international criminal tribunals. However, this characterization does not capture the wider challenges that gender based crimes have raised for the Tribunals, including other legacies of gendered hierarchiesand inequalities.How, then, is it possible to move past these issues to build in
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Horovitz, Sigall. "How International Courts Shape Domestic Justice: Lessons from Rwanda and Sierra Leone." Israel Law Review 46, no. 3 (2013): 339–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223713000125.

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The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) were created to deliver accountability for the atrocities committed during Rwanda's genocide of 1994 and Sierra Leone's civil war of the 1990s. The capacity of these courts, however, like other international criminal tribunals, is limited in terms of the number of persons they can prosecute. If most perpetrators evade justice, the ability of international tribunals to deliver accountability may be seriously undermined. To mitigate this risk, national justice systems should deal with the perpetra
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Schulz, Philipp. "‘Justice seen is Justice done?’ - Assessing the Impact of Outreach Activities by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)." Croatian International Relations Review 21, no. 74 (2015): 63–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2015-0017.

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Abstract By referring to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) as a case study, this paper seeks to explore the impact of outreach activities by international criminal tribunals. Building upon primary field research findings, including twenty-seven in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 108 respondents, this paper applies a theory-driven investigation of the impact of outreach activities by the ICTR. Contrary to the theoretical argument, on a national level throughout society over time, outreach activities by the ICTR did neither increase awareness and understandi
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International Criminal Tribunal (ICTR)"

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Hailegebriel, Debebe. "Prosecution of genocide at international and national courts: a comparative analysis of approaches by ICTY/ICTR and Ethiopia/Rwanda." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1072.

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"This paper deals with the prosecution of a crime of crimes, genocide, at international and national levels. The international community has shown interest in penalizing perpetrators of gross human rights violations since the Nuremberg trial, and then the adoption of the 1948 UN Genocide Convention. After these times, significant numbers of international tribunals, although at an ad hoc level, have been established to punish gross violations of human rights including the crime of genocide. Along with these tribunals, quite a number of national courts have engaged in the prosecution of genocide
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Phiri, Ngaitila Zifela. "The contribution of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to the development and enforcement of international humanitarian law in Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/970.

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"This study will demonstrate how the ICTR is developing and enforcing international humanitarian law (IHL). Already it has successfully sent out a clear message to leaders worldwide that gross human rights violations of this nature will no longer go unpunished, providing a form of deterrence. The ICTR continues to develop a rich jurisprudence on IHL that will be examined in this study. Being the first international tribunal to convict a person of genocide, the first to recognise rape as an element of genocide, and to try a woman for the crime of genocide, the ICTR jurisprudence will prove inva
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Thurston, Michael D. "Should We Press the Victims: The Uneven Support for International Criminal Tribunals." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/33.

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International criminal tribunals rely on international support. However, in the case of the ICTY and the ICTR, international support has been uneven. I argue that this uneven support is related to the post-atrocity status of the domestic governing authority. In cases where the governing authority retains the status of victim, as in Rwanda following the 1994 Tutsi genocide, the international community has been reluctant to back the ICTR in its attempts to prosecute all participants of the 1994 genocide. In cases where the governing authority retains the status of perpetrator, as in Serbia f
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Mahony, Christopher. "International crimes prosecution case selection : the ICC, ICTR, and SCSL." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a390aead-46cb-42bb-baa7-431540692d9d.

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International crimes prosecutions have become more common since 1993, both domestically and at international courts and tribunals. The advance of this norm confronts realist state interests causing debate about the norm's status. Kathryn Sikkink views a norm as cascading when enough states adopt it to cause international influence, without domestic pressure, to procure levels of conformity. This thesis considers the degree of conformity by observing the level of case selection independence to determine whether this norm is cascading. By identifying the jurisdictional and functional elements of
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Ingabire, Mackline. "An analysis of the legal regime governing transfer of cases from the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) to the Rwandan domestic justice system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4444.

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The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), established by the United Nations Security Council was originally set to wind up its affairs in 2010. However, by Resolution 1901 of the Security Council, ICTR's mandate has been extended to 2012.This will necessitate the transfer of residual cases to national courts for trial after it has closed. Rwanda considers itself a suitable candidate for referral, and hence has supported the ICTR Prosecutor's requests (five requests) for referral to its national courts.
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Pia, Christina Kalus. "Redressing female victims of sexual violence: possibilities for gender-specific reparations at the International Criminal Court." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1824_1373278492.

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<p>This paper is about the reparations regime of the International Criminal Court and reparations possibilities for victims of sexual violence. It will contain a legal analysis of the reparations system of&nbsp<br>the Court, including the Trust Fund for Victims of the International Criminal Court. In a second step, the needs of women who experienced conflict related violence will be examined. The central&nbsp<br>&nbsp<br>question, which this paper will try to answer, is whether the ICC reparations regime has the ability to provide gender-sensitive reparations and thus make a contribution to th
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Butera, Gerald. "Rwanda Gacaca traditional courts : an alternative solution for post-genocide justice and national reconciliation /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FButera.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Stabilization and Reconstruction)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Douglas Porch, Nancy Roberts. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-69) Also available online.
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Hatcher, Robert. "Schoolyard Politics: Ethics and Language at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33161/.

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The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has been both contentious and successful. By examining the ICTY from a Levinasian ethical standpoint, we might be able to understand how the court uses language to enforce ethical and moral standards upon post-war societies. Using linguistic methods of analysis combined with traditional data about the ICTY, I empirically examine the court using ordinary least squares (OLS) in order to show the impact that language has upon the court's decision making process. I hypothesize that the court is an ethical entity, and therefore we
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Fonseca, Bruna. "Fiat iustitia, pereat mundus : The International Criminal Tribunals and the Application of the Concept of Genocide." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Hugo Valentin-centrum, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353764.

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The concept of genocide is probably the most debated subject in Holocaust and genocide studies. The political implications to its usage, or resistance to do so, have also been lengthily discussed. Yet, when it came to the legal sphere of the concept it has been mostly descriptive, without much theorizing on the politicization of the convictions of genocide. This study investigates the relation between the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda application of the crime of genocide and how these judgements were informed. Through the court’s transcripts of a number
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Kasaija, Phillip Apuuli. "Procedural due process safeguards in the prosecution of genocide suspects : the case of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), National Genocide Trials (NGTs) and GACACA courts in Rwanda." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430955.

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Books on the topic "International Criminal Tribunal (ICTR)"

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Rwanda, International Tribunal for. Introduction to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). United Nations, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Press and Public Affairs Unit, 1997.

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Rwanda, International Tribunal for. Introduction to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). ICTR, Press & Public Affairs Unit, 1998.

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Rwanda, International Tribunal for. State cooperation and judicial assistance: The experience of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). ICTR, 1998.

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Lindemann, Lena. Referral of cases from international to national criminal jurisdictions: Transferring cases from the ICTY and the ICTR to national jurisdictions. Nomos, 2013.

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Mertus, Julie. Women's participation in the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY): Transitional justice for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hunt Alternatives Fund, 2004.

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Genocidal gender and sexual violence: The legacy of the ICTR, Rwanda's ordinary courts and Gacaca courts. Intersentia, 2014.

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Rwanda, International Tribunal for. List of decisions by ICTR. The Tribunal, 1999.

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United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute., ed. ICTY manual on developed practices. UNICRI Publisher, 2009.

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International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. ICTY manual on developed practices. UNICRI Publisher, 2009.

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10

Bassiouni, M. Cherif. Draft statute, International Criminal Tribunal. Association internationale de droit pénal, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "International Criminal Tribunal (ICTR)"

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Rodman, Kenneth A. "International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)." In Encyclopedia of Global Justice. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_718.

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Rodman, Kenneth A. "International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)." In Encyclopedia of Global Justice. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_620.

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Schweda Nicholson, Nancy. "2. Interpreting at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)." In The Translator as Mediator of Cultures. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wlp.3.05sch.

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Tolbert, David. "Children and International Criminal Law: The Practice of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)." In From Peace to Justice Series. Hague Academic Press, an imprint of T.M.C. Asser Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-425-7_11.

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Beigbeder, Yves. "The Iraqi Special Tribunal." In International Criminal Tribunals. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230305052_11.

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Beigbeder, Yves. "The Special Tribunal for Lebanon." In International Criminal Tribunals. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230305052_8.

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Zeegers, Krit. "Human Rights Obligations of the ICTs under International Law." In International Criminal Tribunals and Human Rights Law. T.M.C. Asser Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-102-9_2.

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Beigbeder, Yves. "The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda." In International Criminal Tribunals. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230305052_4.

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Grover, Sonja C. "International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda." In Prosecuting International Crimes and Human Rights Abuses Committed Against Children. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00518-3_8.

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"The Crimes of Sexual Violence in the Jurisprudence of International Criminal Tribunals." In Sexual Violence and Effective Redress for Victims in Post-Conflict Situations. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8194-9.ch002.

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This chapter concerns itself with strides made in defining and conceptualising sexual violence as crimes in international criminal law. The analysis presented in this chapter demonstrates that, after a long period of neglect of these crimes, wartime sexual violence appears to have gained recognition and firmly established as crimes in international criminal law. The author evidences the considerable contribution of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) to the current shift in thinking of international law regarding conflict-related sexual violence. Significantly, the author argues that the explicit criminalisation of different forms of sexual violence by the Rome Statute is a critical step forward in this regard. However, the analysis finally highlights continuing challenges in the prosecution of these crimes before international criminal tribunals.
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