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Journal articles on the topic 'International currency relations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Muzyka-Stefanchuk, O., and N. Yakymchuk. "International currency legal relations and international economic relations: interconnection and interaction." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 5 (November 17, 2023): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.05.114.

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International currency relations are considered through the prism of international economic relations. It is emphasized that the latter arise between subjects from different countries, between tax residents of different tax jurisdictions regarding the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods, provision and receipt of services, capital circulation. It is argued that international economic relations are manifested at different levels of the economy (micro-, meta-, macro-levels). Where the macro level is the level of state and interstate international processes; metalevel

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2

Dadamirzayev, Ravshanbek. "THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY FINANCIAL CREDIT RELATIONS." Results of National Scientific Research 2, no. 4 (2023): 135–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7919205.

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3

SHEREMETIEVA, Olha. "Specificity of the international legal status and characteristics of the US dollar as a key reserve currency." Economics. Finances. Law 3/2024, no. - (2025): 76–83. https://doi.org/10.37634/efp.2025.3.14.

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Close connections between various states of the world and their residents in the economic and other spheres are directly related and/or lead to the emergence of international currency relations, which actually mediate the implementation of almost all types of international relations. Currency relations, both within the state and abroad, are associated with the participation of key, reserve currencies. As you know, the US dollar has the most specific weight as a key reserve currency. The purpose of the paper is to clarify, based on the research conducted, the specifics of the international lega

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4

Germain, Randall, and Herman Mark Schwartz. "The political economy of currency internationalisation: the case of the RMB." Review of International Studies 43, no. 4 (2017): 765–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210517000109.

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AbstractThe rise of China has sparked a debate about the economic and political consequences for the global economy of the internationalisation of the renminbi. We argue that the dominant focus of this literature – primarily the external conditions and requirements for a national currency to become an international currency – misspecifies the connections between the international and domestic requirements for currency internationalisation, as well as the potential to become the dominant international reserve currency. We correct this oversight by developing an integrated theoretical framework

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5

Safronova, Elena I. "Positions of China and Brazil On De-Dollarization of International Economic Relations and Prospects for Creating a New World Currency." Problemy Dalnego Vostoka, no. 3 (December 15, 2024): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0131281224030055.

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The paper is devoted to the consideration of the PRC and Brazil stances on the de-dollarization of international economic relations and the expansion of the practice of international payments in national currencies. The use of currencies other than the dollar is seen a logical starting point towards liberating the economic relations of the non-Western world from the pressure of the collective West. This pressure, implemented largely due to the fact, that dollar maintains the function of a world currency (according to K. Marx — “world money”), is aimed to tie economic policies and practices of

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6

Oleinov, A. "Currency Structure of the International Economic Relations in the Beginning of the 21st Century." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 4 (April 20, 2005): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2005-4-43-57.

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The article analyses currency structure of the international economic relations in the beginning of the 21st century. The author focuses on the changes that have happened in these relations after the introduction of the single European currency. On the basis of data available on the use of the main world currencies by non-residents the article draws a conclusion about a recent significant diversification in the structure of the currency portfolio of the world economy.

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7

Manole, Tatiana. "MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY'S INTERNATIONAL FOREIGN CURRENCY-FINANCIAL RELATIONS." Administrarea Publica, no. 2(114) (2022): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52327/1813-8489.2022.2(114).05.

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This article deals with the set of issues related to economic - currency-financial relations with abroad. To this end, we first presented the general concepts of this process including foreign exchange policy, the foreign exchange market accompanied by the exchange rate. For the practical work of the financial manager of the enterprise of particular importance are the transfers of funds through correspondent banks. That is why we considered it opportune for the financial manager to know the movement of funds in the process of import-export of goods. In this case, it is necessary to understand

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8

Sitnik, A. A. "Objects of Currency Legal Relationships in the context of Countering Restrictive Measures Imposed by Unfriendly States." Actual Problems of Russian Law 19, no. 7 (2024): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2024.164.7.065-072.

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The paper analyzes the process of expanding the list of objects of currency legal relations, including related to the policy pursued by the Russian Federation to counter restrictive measures imposed by the United States and unfriendly states and international organizations that have joined them. The author analyzes the category of «currency values». The author concludes that the category of currency values appeared due to legal and technical reasons: the use of the term «currency values» makes it possible to make the text of the document more concise, eliminating unnecessary enumeration of obj

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9

Muzyka-Stefanchuk, O. A., and N. Ya Yakymchuk. "INTERNATIONAL TRADE RELATIONS AND ECONOMICS: TO THE ISSUE OF THE CURRENCY RELATIONS PROVENANCE." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 6 (2023): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2023-6/83.

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10

Francis, Bill B., Iftekhar Hasan, and Delroy M. Hunter. "Dynamic Relations between International Equity and Currency Markets: The Role of Currency Order Flow*." Journal of Business 79, no. 1 (2006): 219–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/497417.

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11

Nozadze, Mzevinar Iliaevna. "INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF CURRENCY FINANCIAL AND CREDIT RELATIONS OF GEORGIA." European Science Review, no. 3-4 (2021): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29013/esr-21-3.4-73-77.

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12

Al'-Mavazhde, Vahib. "Analysis of the Impact of Monetary Relations Between the Russian Federation and the Middle East on the Region's Economy." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 10, no. 1 (2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-627x-2021-10-1-12-18.

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International monetary and credit relations are an integral part and one of the most difficult areas of a market economy. They reflect the problems of the national and world economies, which historically developed in parallel. With the globalization and internationalization of the world economy, there is an intensification of international flows of goods, services, and especially capital and loans. International monetary and credit relations (IMCO) are one of the forms of international economic relations (IEE) along with such forms as: international trade, international movement of capit

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13

Yarygina, I. Z. "Using Russian Ruble in International Transactions." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(34) (February 28, 2014): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-1-34-141-145.

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The article deals with topical issues in international relations of the Russian Federation on the basis of the increased use of the ruble as the currency contracts and payments. The work shows the coordinated support of economic actors, public institutions of countries-partners. Collaborate with international teams, according to the author of the article, the implementation of economic programs of mutual interest and reinforces the trend of creating a multipolar world. The analysis of problems of development cooperation partners countries in the monetary sphere and shows that the main causes h

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14

Rybakova, Tetiana. "The instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity." University Economic Bulletin, no. 47 (December 17, 2020): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-47-127-135.

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Relevance of research topic. In conditions of the high-level export-oriented national economy of Ukraine, the importance of foreign trade and monetary policy research including the development of currency regulation becomes especially relevant. The need for a system of currency regulation based on the principles of liberalization, which corresponds to both the general economic situation in Ukraine and global trends, requires special attention to studying the instruments of currency regulation. Analysis of recent research and publications. Among the most studied aspects of regulating currency r

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15

Wang, Ningchuan. "The Currency of Fantasy: Discourses of Popular Culture in International Relations." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 15, no. 1 (2013): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ipcj-2013-0002.

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The “facts” of international politics constitute the first-order representations of political life and can be reflected in popular entertainment as second-order or fictional representations. This article demonstrates that discourses of popular culture are powerful and implicated in International Relations (IR) studies. The article makes two correlated claims: the first is that the humanist and anthropological methodology often used to analyse pop culture could also be used to analyse international issues, if appropriately contextualized; the second claim is that a nation can manifest its ‘disc

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16

Khudzhatov, M. B., and V. Y. Vakhrushev. "Current problems of currency operations in foreign economic activities." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 3 (March 28, 2023): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2303-01.

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International trade in goods is one of the most important tools for the development of the world economy. International trade meets the needs of the countries of the world in various goods, the production of which is absent in this country or does not fully satisfy domestic demand. Almost all countries in the world are interested in the development of international trade in goods. On the one hand, countries provide domestic needs through international trade. On the other hand, commodity supplies to international markets contribute to the infl ow of foreign exchange earnings into the country, t

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17

Twarowska, Katarzyna. "THE IMPACT OF THE RENMINBI INTERNATIONALIZATION ON THE GLOBAL MONETARY ORDER." SWS Journal of SOCIAL SCIENCES AND ART 1, no. 2 (2019): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/ssa2019/issue2.02.

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Background and the purpose: The Chinese economy is the fastest growing and changing economy in the modern world. The importance of the renminbi as an international currency is not relevant to China's economic potential and role in the global economy, however, many scientific studies indicate that the position of that currency in the functions of international money will become stronger in the future. This encouraged the author to assess the consequences of the renminbi internationalisation, in particular the impact on the stability of the international monetary system. An additional aim of the

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18

Omelchenko, A. G. "Currency Regulation as a Tool to Secure the State Sovereignty of the Russian Federation in the context of Global Challenges." Actual Problems of Russian Law 18, no. 12 (2023): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2023.157.12.062-071.

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The paper is devoted to the study of the transformation of the currency regulation of the Russian Federation in the context of countering international financial sanctions imposed on Russia by the United States and other unfriendly states and international organizations. Based on the results of the study, the paper identifies the main tasks of currency regulation at the present stage of historical development. It is proved that the provisions of federal laws No. 281-FZ dated 130 December 2006 «On Special Economic Measures and Coercive Measures», No. 390-FZ dated 28 December 2010 «On Security»

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19

Smirnov, Valeriy Valerievich. "Analysis of international financial and economic relations of Russia with the benchmark countries." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2202-02.

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Subject — International financial and economic relations of Russia. The purpose of the work — determine the possibilities of maintaining a significant position of Russia in international financial and economic relations with benchmark countries. The methodology of work. The study is based on a systematic approach using the method of statistical, neural network and cluster analysis. The results of the work. The results of the analysis of the international financial and economic relations of Russia with the benchmark countries reflect the importance of the indicators: "GDP, in current prices (US

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20

Khmyz, O. "Hedge funds at international currency market." World Economy and International Relations, no. 6 (2009): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2009-6-54-57.

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21

Nikulina, O. V., and А. А. Olifirenko. "Prospects for using the Chinese yuan as a reserve currency in international settlements." Gostinichnoe delo (Hotel Business), no. 12 (November 30, 2023): 714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-2-2312-01.

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The article reveals the prospects and possibilities of using the Chinese yuan in the system of international monetary, credit and financial relations. The advantages and disadvantages of using the yuan as a reserve currency have been identified. An analysis of factors contributing to the nomination of the Chinese yuan for the role of the reserve currency in the near future is presented.

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22

Al'mavadzhe, Vahib Karim Musa. "The Role of International Monetary and Credit Relations in the System of the World Economy and Trends in Their Development in Modern Conditions." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 11, no. 2 (2022): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-627x-2022-11-2-21-29.

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The article is devoted to the study of the essence of international monetary and credit relations, determining their place and role in the system of world economic relations based on the study of theoretical approaches to the interpretation of this multi-component term, forms of interaction between the participants in these relations, as well as building a conceptual model for positioning monetary and credit relations in the global economic system. The article presents the main trends in the development of monetary and credit relations in the world space, including: the transformation of

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23

Dadamirzayev, Ravshanbek. "INTERNATIONAL CREDIT RELATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN AND ITS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS." Results of National Scientific Research 2, no. 5 (2023): 331–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8014217.

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24

Vaitsekhovska, O. R. "INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AS A SOURCE OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL LAW." Constitutional State, no. 43 (October 26, 2021): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2411-2054.2021.43.241000.

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The article under studies is a legal analysis of the international contractual lawmaking in the field of finance. It lays particular emphasis on the role of international financial agreements in forming the international financial order enforcement. The article contains a classification of international agreements, which directly or indirectly aim at regulating financial relations according to the following criteria: 1) the subject of legal regulations; 2) the legal status of the parties that conclude an international agreement; 3) the number of the parties in an international agreement. In ad

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25

Komath, Ashwath. "Bancor Comes of Age: A Case for an Indian Bitcoin Reserve." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 78, no. 1 (2021): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09749284211068165.

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John Maynard Keynes proposed the concept of ‘Bancor’ in 1940 as a supranational currency that would serve as the international reserve currency. The concept did not take off at the time, despite the underlying need to liberate the international system from the hegemonic tendencies of a national currency serving as a global medium of exchange. The emergence of Bitcoin makes it possible to revive the idea of a de-nationalised global medium of exchange. This article examines the feasibility of such an idea by examining a viable state policy for adoption and use in the international realm.

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26

Zharikov, M. "Concerns and Prospects of Yuan’s Internationalization." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2014): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-7-36-44.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze Chinese Yuan and major international reserve currencies on the basis of particular criteria such as a currency’s use in settling cross-border trade and financial transactions. The author estimates the potential of Yuan’s convertibility and its achieving the status of an international reserve currency. The author lays out a background to assess the impact of these probabilities on stable and sustainable economic development in China itself. The conclusion is that the character of Yuan’s internationalization is strikingly different from similar examples

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27

Kuznetsov, A. "Mechanisms of International Financial Relations in the Conditions of Globalization Crisis." World Economy and International Relations 68, no. 12 (2024): 5–13. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2024-68-12-5-13.

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In recent years, the development of the world economy and world finance has been characterized by such concepts as “deglobalization,” “regionalization,” and “politicization,” as climatic, structural, and geopolitical transformations have had a destructive impact on international financial relations that mediate the movement of international liquidity between countries. Regulatory impulses for the activation of certain mechanisms for stimulating international financial relations are set by the leading consultative forums of the emerging multipolar world, such as the G20 and the BRICS, as well a

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28

Anikin, O. B., and O. M. Fedin. "Transformation of the currency regulation regime and foreign economic relations of Russia in the context of expanding anti-Russian sanctions." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 9 (November 8, 2024): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2024-9-76-82.

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The article discusses the features of currency regulation and foreign economic relations of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF, Russia) in the context of the introduction and growth of anti-Russian sanctions by the United States of America, European Union countries and other unfriendly countries, issues related to ensuring the sustainability of the Russian economy and its ability to withstand negative internal and external influences, issues of financial security, which is an important component of the country’s economic security, issues of the current state of the state’s b

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29

Askarova, Aynura Kanybekovna, Elvira Sheishembekovna Satylganova, Asel Kubatbekovna Samaibekova, Umut Maratovna Omurzakova, and Elnura Idirisbekovna Murzalieva. "Regulation of foreign exchange operations of commercial banks in financing construction projects." E3S Web of Conferences 533 (2024): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453304005.

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This article is devoted regulation of foreign exchange operations of commercial banks in financing construction projects. The expansion of international relations and internationalization of economic life, especially in view of the foreign economic activities of enterprises, make it necessary to study currency operations in special currency markets. In this context, commercial banks play an important role in reducing financial risks, especially currency risks in financing construction projects. Over the years of existence of the currency market in Kyrgyzstan, the experience of currency operati

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30

Karakostas, Emmanouil. "What Determines the Effectiveness of a Currency: A Composite Index." International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting 12, no. 1 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v12i1.483.

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The variety and diversity of currencies forms a significant aspect of the international political economy and especially the global economic relations among countries. It can be said that the “language” of countries’ international economic activities is the variation displayed by their currencies. A plethora of papers has indicated a relationship between exchange rates and many facets of international economic relations, with a negative, positive, or even neutral link. Exchange rates can fluctuate due to exogenous events or due to endogenous choice. Whatever the cause, it is certain that excha

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31

Schegoleva, N. "Integration of Russia into International Currency Blocks." World Economy and International Relations, no. 6 (2002): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2002-6-39-44.

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32

STAIGER, ROBERT W., and ALAN O. SYKES. "‘Currency manipulation’ and world trade." World Trade Review 9, no. 4 (2010): 583–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745610000340.

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AbstractCentral bank intervention in foreign exchange markets may, under some conditions, stimulate exports and retard imports. In the past few years, this issue has moved to center stage because of the foreign exchange policies of China. Numerous public officials and commentators argue that China has engaged in impermissible ‘currency manipulation’, and various proposals for stiff action against China have been advanced. This paper considers the relationship between exchange rate policy and international trade, and addresses the questions of whether and how currency manipulation should be add

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33

Kuz'min, D. "National Competitiveness, Global Equilibrium and International Currency System." World Economy and International Relations, no. 5 (2011): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-5-17-23.

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In article the fundamental bases of formation of balance in world economy are investigated. For this purpose the author applies the device of the analysis of national competitiveness to its two subjects – to the country – emitter of reserve currency and “other world”. Long-term structural shifts in world economy and evolution of world currency system throughout last 60 years are in parallel considered. In the course of the analysis the author gives special attention to factors of consumption and import of the country-emitter of reserve currency and a level of development of the commodity marke

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34

Bas, Muhammet A. "Measuring Uncertainty in International Relations: Heteroskedastic Strategic Models." Conflict Management and Peace Science 29, no. 5 (2012): 490–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894212449088.

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Actor-level variations in the amounts of uncertainty have been widely ignored in the growing literature on statistical models of strategic interaction in international relations. In this article, I provide a tool for testing theories about the level of uncertainty in strategic interactions. I show that ignoring potential variations in levels of uncertainty across different cases can be a source of bias for empirical analyses. I propose a method to incorporate this form of heteroskedasticity into existing estimators and show that this method can improve inferences. With a series of Monte Carlo

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35

Dobrova, Katrina. "Variability of the methodological basis of financial management in the structure of the national economy." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 4-1 (2023): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202303statyi50.

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The global financial architecture has a powerful framework in the form of the activities of international financial organizations, primarily the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which develop standards for financial regulation of currency relations, disclosure of information, recommendations for strengthening the currency systems of the countries of the world, control the movement of capital, transparency of financial transactions. The purpose of the development of the national financial architecture is to increase the welfare of the country's population, ensure the structural development of

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36

Bunich, Galina A. "PROSPECTS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE BRICS COUNTRIES’ SETTLEMENT SYSTEM." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4/5, no. 145 (2024): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.04.05.008.

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The transformation of the world economy, the global monetary and financial system and global geopolitical changes determine the desire of countries with similar strategic goals to create international economic unions. The subject of the study is the totality of economic relations in the system of international settlements of the BRICS countries. The informal club of BRICS countries has united developing countries with dynamically developing innovative economies. The club, which has been operating for almost 20 years, has not been able to achieve effective economic integration of the participat

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37

Kuznetsov, A. V. "Currency Hegemony as a Tool of US Global Dominance." World of new economy 18, no. 1 (2024): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2024-18-1-69-79.

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Subject. The formation of new centers of global influence predetermines corresponding changes in the global balance of power. At the same time, the lack of real reforms of the global monetary system allows the United States to continue to set the rules of the game in the global economy, despite its increasing crisis potential. In this regard, there is a need to identify the driving forces capable of producing constructive changes in the global monetary order. Objective. A summary of the practice of using the US dollar to suppress global competition and maintain American superiority in internat

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38

Bezborodov, Yu S., V. E. Ponamorenko, and A. A. Lunev. "Monetary Integration of Eurasian States: From Protocooperation to Symbiosis and Back." Rossijskoe Pravo Obrazovanie Praktika Nauka 145, no. 1 (2025): 32–41. https://doi.org/10.34076/2410-2709-2025-145-1-32-41.

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The trend towards regionalization and multipolarity in international relations is not groundless and is caused by many factors, including unscrupulous actions by actors who violate the international legal principle of cooperation between states. Regional integration as a new vector and a new reality of international relations has also captured the Eurasian space, traditionally complex and heterogeneous. Eurasian regionalization was institutionalized primarily in the EAEU, passing through the stages of international regional integration with its successive ascent from a free trade zone through

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39

Iozzo, Alfonso. "The Time is Ripe for an International Currency Reserve." International Spectator 50, no. 4 (2015): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2015.1093817.

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40

Iskevich, Irina S. "THE CONCEPT OF LEGAL PRINCIPLES, THEIR MEANING IN THE REGULATION OF FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONSHIPS." Public international and private international law 1 (January 21, 2021): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3910-2021-1-33-36.

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One of the most important components of the world economy remains the foreign economic activity of its economic entities, which, in turn, includes foreign trade, or international trade, industrial cooperation, currency and financial and credit operations, as well as relations with international organizations. The article examines the characteristics and classification of the principles of legal regulation of foreign trade.

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41

Wang, Hongying. "The international political economy of the Renminbi: currency internationalization and reactive currency statecraft." International Affairs 99, no. 1 (2023): 384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac297.

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42

Matsui, Akihiko. "Strong Currency and Weak Currency." Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 12, no. 4 (1998): 305–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jjie.1998.0406.

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43

Polivach, A. "Problem of Yuan Undervaluation in US-China Trade Relations." World Economy and International Relations, no. 3 (2012): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-3-20-28.

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Before the world economic crisis the Chinese government restricted the sphere of the Yuan’s circulation exceptionally by the domestic market. Basically, until that time the Yuan was not freely convertible while the Chinese foreign trade transactions were operated with the help of the US dollar. This is a sufficient reason to state that the issue of Yuan’s underestimated exchange rate has no fundamental relevance. However, the crisis forced China to substantially extend the utilization of its national currency in the international settlements. This is especially true in case of mutual settlemen

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44

Zharikov, M. V. "New Currencies in the International Financial Architecture: A Hypothesis of the BRICS Currency Unit." Economics, taxes & law 11, no. 6 (2018): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2018-11-6-39-49.

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The subjects of the research are the transformation of the international financial architecture resulting from the internationalization of some currencies of the BRICS countries, mainly the yuan; the position of the BRICS currencies in the world monetary system; and a possibility of creating a common payment unit in the context of collective currencies, cryptocurrencies and similar monetary and financial products. Based on the correlation analysis of the dynamics of the BRICS currency quotations, the paper expresses a hypothesis about a possibility of concluding a monetary union and creating a

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P. Ezekiel, Mobolaji. "Commentary: ‘Beggar-Thy-Neighbour’ and International Trade: An Analysis With Policy Recommendations." Global Trade and Customs Journal 18, Issue 7/8 (2023): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2023035.

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With the growth and expansion of international trade, government policymakers need to formulate policies advancing favourable bilateral trade relations, including a comparative advantage to penetrate export markets. To maintain growth and protect existing trade flows, we are seeing an increase in various protectionist tactics, amongst which is the ‘beggar-thy-neighbour’ approach (gaining an economic advantage at the expense of others). We explore this approach extensively to reveal what makes it so attractive to nations. Can it be justified in the modern global economy? Beggar-Thy-Neighbour, B

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Shilov, Dmitriy Olegovich. "INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY RELATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Internetnauka, no. 6 (January 1, 2016): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19075/2414-0031-2016-6-55-67.

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Kamel, Maha, and Hongying Wang. "Petro-RMB? The oil trade and the internationalization of the renminbi." International Affairs 95, no. 5 (2019): 1131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz169.

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Abstract In this article, we examine China's promotion of the renminbi (RMB) in international oil trade and explore its implications for the international currency system in the short and the long term. The article traces the rise of the RMB in international oil trade in recent years and provides an analysis of its impact on the internationalization of the Chinese currency. We argue that despite the increasing use of the yuan in oil trade in recent years, in the short term it is highly unlikely that a petro-RMB system will emerge to rival the petrodollar system. Unlike the petrodollar, which c

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Li, Yiting, and Akihiko Matsui. "A theory of international currency: Competition and discipline." Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 23, no. 4 (2009): 407–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2009.09.002.

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Vagts, Detlev F. "International Economic Law and the American Journal of International Law." American Journal of International Law 100, no. 4 (2006): 769–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000031882.

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To discuss the history of international economic law since the American Journal of International Law was first published in 1907 requires the author to project categories common to the parlance of 2006 back to times when theywere unknown. So far as it appears, the term did not become current until after World War II. Its scope is controversial. According to one definition, it encompasses “the total range of norms (directly or indirectly based on treaties) of public international law with regard to transnational economic relations.” A wide variety of international law rules have been said to ha

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Crespo, Ricardo A. "Currency warfare and cyber warfare: The emerging currency battlefield of the 21st century." Comparative Strategy 37, no. 3 (2018): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2018.1486090.

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