Relevant bibliographies by topics / INTERNATIONAL DECADES

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'INTERNATIONAL DECADES'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "INTERNATIONAL DECADES"

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Kent, Randolph C. "International humanitarian crises: two decades before and two decades beyond." International Affairs 80, no. 5 (October 2004): 851–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2004.00422.x.

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Dudley, James. "International prosthodontics: Two decades of discussions." Scientific Dental Journal 2, no. 3 (2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26912/sdj.v2i3.2830.

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Khin Wai Thi. "Four Decades of International Library Statistics." IFLA Journal 14, no. 2 (June 1988): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/034003528801400207.

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Dezsö Frang. "Two decades International Urology and Nephrology." International Urology and Nephrology 20, no. 1 (January 1988): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02583024.

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Király, Miklós. "The Concept of International Sales in Uniform Law Instruments." European Review of Private Law 32, Issue 2 (May 1, 2024): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2024015.

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Deciding whether a contract of sale is an international transaction or not and according to which criteria is an inescapable task, not only for private international law (PIL) but also for the instruments aiming to create uniform substantive contract law. The paper reviews the different solutions from the 1930s to the development of the last decades, from the first drafts of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (‘UNIDROIT’) on international sales to the Draft Common European Sales Law. Of course, the Vienna Sales Convention (‘CISG’), as a successful international instrument, is also given special emphasis in this comparative and historical analysis. Although during the past century of unification, the definition of international character became clearer and simpler, much however depends on how broadly or narrowly legislators wish to define the scope of the uniform substantive law to facilitate the acceptance and ratification of an international convention. A further specific question is whether uniform law should apply to all international sales (universal application) or only to international transactions linked to Contracting States. The paper also analyses the different positions on this issue.Décider si un contrat de vente est une transaction internationale ou non et selon quels critères est une tâche incontournable, non seulement pour le droit international privé, mais aussi pour les instruments visant à créer un droit materiel uniforme des contrats. L’article passe en revue les différentes solutions depuis les années 1930 jusqu’à l’évolution des dernières décennies, des premiers projets d’UNIDROIT sur les ventes internationales au projet de droit commun européen de la vente. Bien entendu, la Convention de Vienne sur les ventes, en tant qu’instrument international couronné de succès, fait également l’objet d’une attention particulière dans le cadre de cette analyse comparative et historique. Bien qu’au cours du dernier siècle d’unification, la définition du caractère international soit devenue plus Claire et plus simple, beaucoup dépend toutefois de la manière dont les législateurs souhaitent définir le champ d’application du droit matériel uniforme pour faciliter l’acceptation et la ratification d’une convention internationale. Une autre question spécifique est de savoir si le droit uniforme devrait s’appliquer à toutes les ventes internationales (application universelle) ou seulement aux transactions internationals liées aux États contractants. Le document analyse également les différentes positions sur cette question.Die Entscheidung, ob ein Kaufvertrag ein internationals Geschäft ist oder nicht und nach welchen Kriterien, ist eine unausweichliche Aufgabe, nicht nur für das internationale Privatrecht, sondern auch für die Instrumente, die auf die Schaffung eines einheitlichen materiellen Vertragsrechts abzielen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Lösungen von den 1930er Jahren bis zu den Entwicklungen der letzten Jahrzehnte, von den ersten Entwürfen des UNIDROIT zum internationalen Kaufrecht bis zum Entwurf des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Kaufrechts. Natürlich wird auch das Wiener Kaufrechtsüberienkommen als erfolgreiches internationals Instrument in dieser vergleichenden und historischen Analyse besonders berücksichtigt. Obwohl die Definition des internationalen Charakters im Laufe des letzten Jahrhunderts der Vereinheitlichung klarer und einfacher geworden ist, hängt doch vieles davon ab, wie weit oder eng der Gesetzgeber den Anwendungsbereich des einheitlichen materiellen Rechts definieren will, um die Annahme und Ratifizierung eines internationalen Übereinkommens zu erleichtern. Eine weitere spezifische Frage ist, ob das einheitliche Recht für alle internationalen Verkäufe (universelle Anwendung) oder nur für internationale Transaktionen mit Verbindung zu Vertragsstaaten gelten soll. In dem Beitrag warden auch die verschiedenen Standpunkte zu dieser Frage analysiert.
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Becerra, Jesus Duenas. "Psicoballet: Five Decades of its Creation." Psychology & Psychological Research International Journal 8, no. 4 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/pprij-16000366.

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Dr. Georgina Fariñas García, head of the UNESCO Psicoballet Group, is the creator of this genuinely Cuban treatment method, which has transcended the geographicalcultural borders of the Cuban archipelago, which saw it born and grow in the 1970s century. Since its inception, Psicoballet had the unconditional support of the prima ballerina assoluta Alicia Alonso (1920-2019), director of the National Ballet of Cuba (BNC), Cultural Heritage of the Nation, and honorary member of the International Dance Council, and Drs. Abelardo Ramirez (1938-2002), Vice Minister of Public Health, Eduardo Bernabé Ordaz (1921-2006), founding director of the Psychiatric Hospital of Havana, and Eusebio Leal Spengler (1942-2020), historian of Havana.
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Cowan, Philip A., and Carolyn Pape Cowan. "Four decades of international collaboration with Tavistock Relationships." Couple and Family Psychoanalysis 10, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/cfp.v10n2.2020.191.

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Dame, David A. "DONALD JAMES PLETSCH—SIX DECADES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENT." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 21, no. 3 (2005): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/8756-971x(2005)21[331:djpdoi]2.0.co;2.

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Yeola, Gunvant, Abhijeet Shirkande, Ankita Shirkande, and Asmita Wele. "International Delegate Assembly: An overview of two decades." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 15, no. 2 (March 2024): 100892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100892.

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Fang, Eddy S. "Three decades of “repackaging” Islamic finance in international markets." Journal of Islamic Marketing 7, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-10-2014-0067.

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Purpose – This paper aims at retracing changing attitudes toward Islamic financial products in international markets over the past three decades, thereby providing an account of their “unexpected” expansion outside of the Muslim world. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper builds on an archival research – 969 news articles published in the UK from 1985 to 2014. Although emphasis is put on the decade of fast changing attitudes toward Islamic finance (IF) in global markets (2001-2011), the years prior to (1985-2000) and following (2012-2014) the target period are also investigated. Findings – Starting as an obscure set of practices often associated with religious fundamentalism before the mid-1990s, IF had become a “mainstream” alternative by the turn of the century. A second interpretive break then emerged with the advent of the subprime crisis in 2007-2008, which increasingly conferred to IF an ethical component. Interestingly, both narratives still exist concurrently in the media, even in post-crisis discussions. Social implications – The discussion in this paper allows us to explain the findings of the most recent surveys on this topic, which put forward the complex, and sometimes even contradictory, understandings of what IF stands for in global markets. Originality/value – This is the first archival research on the topic of IF in international markets. Besides bringing to the discussion an interesting historical perspective, it also draws attention to the growing importance of Islam-based financial products in traditionally secular markets.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "INTERNATIONAL DECADES"

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Berdnikoff, Michel. "Three decades after early bird : global communications satellite services and emerging regulatory issues." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23307.

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Four fundamental principles constitute the basis of international regulations pertaining to the operational aspects of telecommunications, and communications satellites in particular. Firstly, provision of global distress and safety service should be provided globally on a priority basis. Secondly, global telecommunications coverage and connectivity should be achieved. Thirdly, basic telecommunications services should be established within every national jurisdiction, including developing areas, and should be accessible to all individuals. Finally, universal access to telecommunications services on a non-discriminatory basis should be guaranteed.
At the outset, governments have not only chosen to foster and closely regulate the development and operations of communications satellites, but also to maintain management oversight by cooperatively establishing two unique consortia, namely Intelsat and Inmarsat. This international regulatory framework, which currently continues to oversee the operational aspects of global satellite services, is essentially comprised of the Intelsat and Inmarsat Agreements adhered to by numerous member states. This framework was established a few decades ago at the inception of commercial fixed and mobile satellite services, and has not been structurally reviewed despite the changing global environment.
Considering that the prime objective of international agreements is to ensure that the world community adheres to the principles outlined above, this thesis examines the relevance of the current regulatory framework at the dawn of the information age. A growing number of governments may be rewriting their own role in the operational aspects of communication satellites for the future, as they review this framework to address the challenges of the emerging environment nearly three decades after the launching of the first commercial satellite, Early Bird. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Ceccon, Ilaria <1995&gt. "Measurements of international and global exposure: meta analysis and review of the research of the last decade." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15368.

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The main aim of this dissertation is to research and measure the international and global exposure of organizations, with a specific focus upon the positive and negative correlation amongst variables and the degree of exposure. The problem statement relies on understanding whether the internationalization of organizations actually occurs and whether the instruments implemented truly measure the phenomenon. Moreover, it will be observed how, due to the multidimensionality of the phenomenon, complex is to determine whether the market and organizations are globalized as we think they are. In order to comply with these objectives, we initially depicted the multifaceted definitions of the complex phenomenon of globalization, followed by a description of its historical background, its drivers and two opposite views by economists regarding the current state of globalization. We concluded by explicating the multidimensional indexes of globalization. The achieved results that arose from the globalization indexes depict that the ranking of the most globalized countries changes based on the chosen indicators, the selection and criterion with which the indexes are developed is almost completely subjective consequently we didn’t achieve a universal and concrete vision of the phenomenon. From the market focus we shifted to multinational corporations, we defined the multinational corporations describing the main internationalization theories and indexes, which measure the degree of internationalization of an organization; both theories and indexes were subject to criticism. To conclude we brought forward a meta-analysis, the interdisciplinary and interdependent nature of the internationalization research offers the type of rich knowledgeable framework in which meta-analysis techniques can be most valuable. Samples were taken from multiple studies and a meta-analysis that aggregates the empirical findings was conducted; this study presents a systematic investigation of the correlation amongst indicators that should measure firm’s internationalization and internationalization itself. Based on theories and dissenting opinions we developed numerous hypothesis which we statistically tested in order to observe whether the hypothesis could be accepted or not. By considering all variables a meta-analysis was brought forward in order to see if there is a positive correlation amongst the variables and the degree of international exposure, the higher correlation could indicate the finest indicator of the degree of internationalization. It is hoped that this study will provide a higher awareness regarding the phenomenon, its current state, measurements and discrepancies. On the basis of the meta-analytic findings several directions for future research are provided.
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Haddad-Fonda, Kyle. "Revolutionary allies : Sino-Egyptian and Sino-Algerian relations in the Bandung decade." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7e283c84-8138-458b-8123-91c8662b86d4.

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In the decade following the Asian-African Conference of 1955, the communist government of the People’s Republic of China took unprecedented interest in its relations with countries in the Middle East. China’s leaders formed particularly strong ties first with Gamal Abdel Nasser’s Egypt, then, beginning in 1958, with the Algerian Front de Libération Nationale (FLN), which at that time was engaged in a bitter struggle for independence from France. The bonds that developed between China and Egypt and between China and Algeria were strengthened by a shared commitment of the governments of these countries to carry out “revolutions” that would challenge Western preeminence in global affairs and establish their own societies as independent voices on the world stage. The common ideological heritage of these three revolutionary countries allowed their leaders to forge connections that went beyond mere expressions of mutual support. Sino-Arab relations in the 1950s and 1960s cannot be explained by a realist narrative of attempts to exert power or influence through high-level diplomacy; rather, the evolving relationships between China and its Arab allies demonstrate how three countries could co-opt one another’s experiences to define and articulate their own nationalist identities on behalf of domestic audiences. This thesis pays particular attention to two constituencies that played a central role in mediating the development of Sino-Arab relations: Chinese Muslims and Arab leftists. Focusing on publications about Sino-Arab relations written by or intended for members of these two groups makes clear the manners in which domestic ideological concerns shaped the development of international relationships. Sino-Egyptian and Sino-Algerian relations between 1955 and 1965 were primarily symbolic. The perception of international amity gave journalists, policymakers, intellectuals, and religious figures free rein to expound their own distorted interpretations of Chinese and Arab society in order to promote their own ideological causes. These causes, which varied over the course of the decade, included the incorporation of Chinese Muslims into Chinese politics, the conferral of revolutionary legitimacy on Nasser’s government, the celebration of China as a champion of global revolution, the legitimization of the FLN, and the presentation of China as a fully anti-imperialist country in contrast to the Soviet Union. Each of these projects had in common the enduring goal of transforming how citizens of China, Egypt, and Algeria perceived their own national identity.
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Ahmadi, Vafa. "The impact of the feminist movement in international relations : evaluating the UN decade for women, the Beijing Conference and beyond." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392160.

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Souto, Márcia Alexandra Miranda. "The course of TBT pollution in the world during the last decade." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13976.

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Mestrado em Toxicologia e Ecotoxicologia
Organotins (OTs) are organometallic compounds. Despite of the multiple applications of the OTs, the notoriety of these compounds is due to tributyltin (TBT), a potent biocide used in antifouling paints since the 60s to prevent biofouling on submerged surfaces, including the hulls of ships. Despite of the extreme effectiveness of these paints in combating biofouling, they are also extremely toxic to non-target organisms, therefore several legislative measures restricting their use were implemented in several countries worldwide. TBT causes a huge variety of adverse effects on non-target species (sublethal / lethal) of different taxonomic groups (from bacteria to mammals). The first evidence of adverse effects induced by TBT on non-target species emerged in the 70s in oysters of the species Crassostrea gigas in the Bay of Arcachon, France. Their shells have suffered thickening with consequent decrease in the volume of edible portion, reducing its commercial value. In the same decade was verified the occurrence of male sexual characteristics in female prosobranch gastropods (formation of a penis and / or development of a vas deferens), by exposure to TBT. This phenomenon was coined as "imposex" by Smith in 1971. The imposex is the best known example of endocrine disruption caused by a pollutant being used as a biomarker to monitoring the environmental pollution by TBT. The gastropods are used globally for monitoring environmental pollution by TBT. In the present work we studied how gastropods have been used to track the course of TBT pollution worldwide during the last decade (2003-2013), and the main results obtained. We searched for the number of published articles by year / continent and country regarding the bioindicator species most used in biomonitoring TBT pollution in function of their geographical location; we evaluated the efficacy of the AFS Convention in reducing TBT pollution worldwide; we evaluated the temporal evolution (2003-2013) of the levels of imposex by bioindicator species and geographical area, as well as the concentration of OTs in the biota, water and sediments. There was noticed an increase of the number of publications for monitoring environmental pollution by TBT in 2008, coincident with the time of entry into force of the AFS Convention and a gradual decrease of the number of publications from 2008 to 2013, after the entry into force of this Convention; most of the monitoring studies developed in the period 2003-2013 were conducted in Europe, followed by the continents: America, Asia, Africa e Oceania; in this period were used 96 bioindicator species of imposex, being that the 5 more used were: Nucella lapillus, Hexaplex trunculus, Nassarius reticulatus, Stramonita haemastoma and Thais clavigera. A greater diversity of bioindicators was used in America and Asia compared to Europe, whist Africa and Oceania were the continents with smaller number of bioindicator species used. Regardless of the geographic region, and despite the wide diversity of species used, the bioindicators were all caenogastropods (Subclass Caenogastropoda) and most frequently of Order Neogastropoda and Littorinimorpha, being the majority from family Muricidae. There was a decrease of the levels of imposex in the different bioindicators used by continent and country, as well as a decline of the concentrations of OTs in biota, water and sediments, by continent and country, since the entry into force of the AFS Convention in September 2008.
Os organoestânicos (OTs) são compostos organometálicos. Apesar das múltiplas aplicações dos OTs, a notoriedade destes compostos, no que diz respeito a fenómenos de poluição, é devida ao tributilestanho (TBT), um potente biocida usado em tintas antivegetativas desde a década de 60 para prevenir a bioincrustação nas superfícies imersas, nomeadamente nos cascos de embarcações. Apesar da extrema eficácia destas tintas no combate à bioincrustação são também extremamente tóxicas para organismos não-alvo pelo que várias medidas legislativas restringindo o seu uso foram implementadas em vários países. O TBT provoca uma enorme variedade de efeitos nefastos em espécies não- alvo (sub-letais / letais) de diferentes grupos taxonómicos (de bactérias a mamíferos). A primeira evidência de efeitos nefastos induzidos pelo TBT em espécies não alvo surgiu na década de 70 em ostras da espécie Crassostrea gigas na Baía de Arcachon, França. As suas conchas sofreram um espessamento com a consequente diminuição do volume da parte comestível, diminuindo o seu valor comercial. Na mesma década verificou-se a ocorrência de características sexuais masculinas em fêmeas de gastrópodes prosobrânquios (formação de um pénis e/ou desenvolvimento de um vaso deferente), por exposição ao TBT. Esse fenómeno foi designado de "imposex" por Smith em 1971. O imposexo é o melhor exemplo conhecido de disrupção endócrina provocada por um poluente sendo utilizado como biomarcador para monitorizar a poluição ambiental por TBT. resumo (cont.) Nesta tese fez-se um levantamento da metodologia utilizada na monitorização da poluição por TBT a nível mundial durante a última década (2003-2013), nomeadamente, o número de artigos publicados por ano/continente e país sobre as espécies bioindicadoras do imposexo mais utilizadas na biomonitorização da poluição por TBT nesta década e em função da sua localização geográfica. Neste trabalho avaliou-se, também, a eficácia da Convenção AFS na redução da poluição por TBT a nível mundial, através da evolução temporal (2003-2013) dos níveis de imposexo por espécie bioindicadora e zona geográfica, e avaliou-se a evolução temporal (2003-2013) da concentração de OTs no biota, água e sedimentos por zona geográfica. Verificou-se um aumento do número de publicações de monitorização da poluição ambiental por TBT em 2008, coincidente com o momento de entrada em vigor da Convenção AFS; um decréscimo gradual do número de publicações de 2008 a 2013, após a entrada em vigor da Convenção AFS; a maioria dos estudos de monitorização no período 2003-2013 foi realizada na Europa, seguindo-se os continentes: America, Ásia, África e Oceania; neste período foram usadas 96 espécies bioindicadoras de gastrópodes (imposex), sendo que as 5 mais utilizadas foram: Nucella lapillus, Hexaplex trunculus, Nassarius reticulatus, Stramonita haemastoma e Thais clavigera. Neste trabalho é possível verificar a utilização de uma maior diversidade de espécies bioindicadoras na América e na Ásia em relação à Europa, África e Oceania são os continentes que apresentam menor número de espécies bioindicadoras. Independentemente da região geográfica onde foram realizados os estudos, e apesar da grande diversidade de espécies utilizadas, os bioindicadores foram todos caenogastropodes (subclasse Caenogastropoda) e mais frequentemente das ordens Neogastropoda e Littorinimorpha, sendo a maioria da família Muricidae. Neste trabalho também é possível verificar descida dos níveis de imposexo nas diferentes espécies bioindicadoras, utilizadas por continente e país, e descida das concentrações de OTs no biota, água e sedimentos, por continente e país, desde a entrada em vigor da convenção AFS em Setembro de 2008.
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Polkov, Kirill. "What kind of Russianness? : Exploring the role of traditional family in constructing the Russian national identity during “the decade of childhood”." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149651.

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Family and children are brought to the front in contemporary Russia and constitute an important policy area. Manifesting the centrality of family and children, the period 2018―2027 has also been officially proclaimed “the decade of childhood”, leading to numerous policy initiatives and momentous media attention. The thesis explores this current development with a particular interest in what role the family plays in asserting and negotiating (state) power and in the overall national project of constructing Russianness. The aim is thus to examine the articulations of Russianness and family in policy and media in contemporary Russia. The analysis is conducted mainly at the level of discourse and is inspired by Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory. Applying constructivist theories of nationalism in conjunction with feminist theories that critique the concepts of the nation and the state, the thesis demonstrates how the discourse articulated in policy documents and state-controlled media interconnects “family”, “tradition”, and “Russianness” and what possible effects are produced as a result. It also discusses how categories of gender, class, ‘race’/ethnicity and sexuality inform the articulated national identity. The thesis argues that despite civic “Russianness” (rossiyskaya naciya) being furthered as the desired national project, a number of articulations clearly point to nation’s ethnic character. As “Russianness” and “tradition” are loosely defined the viability of such articulations is questioned, given both Russia’s history and the coming transformations of the Russian welfare state.
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Tsagkroni, Vasiliki. "Political communication in perspective : identifying the message of radical right parties in Europe during the first decade of the 21st century : a comparative case study." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9026.

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The thesis aims primarily to analyse the communication strategies of radical right parties. More specifically, the research examines three cases of radical right parties in Western Europe during the first decade of the twenty-first century with particular emphasis on the political communication along with marketing and branding techniques used to engage with the electorate to gain and maintain electoral support. These case studies comprise the Greek Popular Orthodox Rally (LA.O.S.), the Swiss People’s Party (SVP) and the Italian National Alliance (AN). Different forms of content analysis are used in order to pinpoint the characteristics that identify the parties as members of the radical right family. Through this approach the thesis provides evidence that the parties, in their effort to become more appealing to their audiences, avoid direct engagement with issues, which reflect traditional ideological tenets of the radical right issues such as fascism, racism or xenophobia. Rather, they attempt to present a more mainstream and competitive profile in the political arena. From a market-oriented perspective, the thesis addresses questions on marketing and related explanations which focus both on how the parties choose to communicate with the electorate, what is their message and, through comparative analysis, whether there are similarities in communication techniques among the three parties and whether it can be argued that parties in the radical right family project a common profile in terms of their communication strategies. Furthermore, the application of such an approach to the use of political communication techniques of the selected radical right parties can contribute to a wider understanding of how the concept of ‘consumption’ has come to be applied increasingly in activities undertaken in the political arena.
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Boydell, Robert Arthur. "The development of the rural water supply and sanitation sector in Zimbabwe between 1974 and 1987 : the design and impact of donor supported projects." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1990. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6946.

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Although the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade has generated great interest from foreign aid donors, its impact. in terms of increased service levels has been poor. These disappointing results have been explained by the UN and other donors in terms of inadequate funding and lack of cost recovery, poor operations and maintenance, lack of personnel, unacceptable technology, poor logistics and non involvement of the beneficiaries. However, an alternative explanation revolves around factors contributing to poor project design. These include the lack of understanding of the development process, donor bias and self interest, and poor coordination and commitment by the recipient government. A review of the development and trends of contemporary aid philosophy and its translation in to rural development and water and sanitation projects, which led to the launch of the IDWSSD, provides a number of lessons that can be used to formulate a hybrid model for project design and the sector development process, that defines the relative roles of donors, recipient governments and people themselves. The model is based on coordinated development, community participation, and sector growth from pilot projects to large scale programmes. The developments in the rural water and sanitation sector that took place in Zimbabwe from 1974 to 1987, provide a unique opportunity to test this model using a systems analysis approach. After gaining Independence in 1980, Zimbabwe's development assistance funding grew tenfold with the influx of foreign donors, and major commitments were made by the new Government to rural development and the goals of the IDWSSD. However, the large investments in water and sanitation which included the preparation of a national master plan with external technical assistance, had both positive and negative impacts on the continuing development of the sector, the start of which can be traced back, well before Independence, to small pilot projects sponsored by non government organizations that used appropriate technology developed by the Rhodesian Government. This development process and the changing approach to project design is illustrated by a series of case studies of projects supported by multilateral and bilateral donors, and non government organizations, that were milestones during this period. Finally the project and sector development model is modified based on the practical lessons from Zimbabwe and recommendations for future practice are made together with suggestions for areas of further research.
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Ridley, John Nicholas Cunningham. "Analysis of the causes and reasons for the failure of a decade of international efforts and measures against terrorist financing sice the 9/11 attacks." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536735.

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The submitted prior output works form an analysis of the reasons for the overall failure of a decade on international efforts and measures in anti terrorist financing since the 9/11 attacks. The covering document deals with three perspectives, highlights the impact of such works and integrates them with current and relevant developments. The analysis is drawn from three perspectives. The three perspectives are, the inherent legal difficulties of promulgating anti terrorist and anti terrorist finance measures; the strategic oversight in identifying and realising the full significance of certain modus operandi of terrorist financing; and the strategic mindset of government policy makers and law enforcement intelligence in the area of certain types of financial crime and in the implementation of counter measures against terrorist financing. The inherent legal difficulties are dealt with by showing the basic difficulties of defining terrorism, and then the post 9 /11 measures and the impediments to achieving the objective of intelligence exchange between law enforcement agencies and between law enforcement and the banking institutions,and the particular issue of charities and NGOs compounding such difficulties. The strategic oversight of modus operandi for terrorist financing are dealt with through three examples of potential underestimations of a particular modus operandi, and an over focussing of another. Paradoxically, one of the underestimated potential modus operandi appears to provide its own exception to its trend in that a related but far more applicable modus operandi was highlighted by the studies. The third perspective, that of strategic mindset of policy makers and law enforcement leads on from the modus operandi in that it identifies part of the reason for understating one such modus operandi was due to the post 9/11 reaction and measures having their origins in past anti money laundering strategies, without recognising differences between money laundering and terrorist financing. Furthermore, later in the decade, as strategic intelligence identified trends, one such trend was utilised in error to support a flawed premise regarding the assessment of the continuing global capability of al Qaeda to finance and co-ordinate extremist groups and to fund their attacks. Finally an overall conclusion is formulated. In terms of impact, it is respectfully submitted that the cited works have all contributed and enhanced knowledge in the area of terrorist financing. Particular impact has been made in the specific areas of, 9 the overlooking of the true significance of the role of cash couriers, highlighted in the study of 2007, the report of which was disseminated to the trustees of sponsoring organisation, including Brigadier Ed Butler, former commander 16 Airborne Assault Brigade Helmand Province Afghanistan and Professor Paul Wilkinson, Emeritus, Professor of International Relations and former Director of the University of St Andrews Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence' " the vulnerabilities of Islamic banking, the study of which was received by the commissioning organisation and then disseminated to the Swiss National Bank and Swiss government ministers.
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Shutina, Reti. "An Investigation of the Role that the Nation's Six Major Higher-Education Associations Have Played in the Internationalization of American Higher Education During the Last Decade (1996-2006)." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1213448336.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2008.
Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Higher Education." Bibliography: leaves 293-309.
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Books on the topic "INTERNATIONAL DECADES"

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Christianson, Floyd K. Decades of Kiwanis service: Minnesota-Dakotas Kiwanis District history. [Minnesota?]: Minnesota-Dakotas District, Kiwanis International, 1996.

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Pappas, Lou Seibert. Classic dishes of decades past: The cookbook of nostalgic house favorites. San Leandro, Calif: Bristol Pub., 1999.

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Holmgren, Marie Ange Sylvain, author and Treadway Alex photographer, eds. ICIMOD 30: Three decades for mountains and people. Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, 2013.

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Vrana, Eugene Dennis. The ILWU story: Six decades of militant unionism. San Francisco: International Longshoremen's & Warehousemen's Union, 1997.

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Uchehara, Kieran E., and M. Murat Akpek. Decades of relations between African countries' and Turkey. İstanbul: Kriter Yayınevi, 2018.

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International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. Two decades of International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, 1983/4-2003/4. Edited by Rana Greta 1943-. Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, 2004.

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Arata, Isozaki. Arata Isozaki: Four decades of architecture. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1998.

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Arata, Isozaki. Arata Isozaki: Four decades of architecture. London: Thames and Hudson, 1998.

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Abraham, Jean-Paul. Monetary and financial thinking in Europe: Evidence from four decades of SUERF. Vienna: SUERF, 2003.

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Conference, International Labour. The committee on the application of standards of the International Labour Conference: A dynamic and impact built on decades of dialogue and persuasion. Geneva: International Labour Office, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "INTERNATIONAL DECADES"

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Wilson, Iain. "Impact over Decades." In International Education Programs and Political Influence, 175–91. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137349675_9.

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Ruse, Michael. "David Hull Through Two Decades." In Nijhoff International Philosophy Series, 1–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1169-7_1.

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Poneman, Daniel. "The IAEA after six decades." In The International Atomic Energy Agency, 73–87. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003160205-6.

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Betti, Maria, Willem Janssens, V. Vincenzo Rondinella, and Jean-Paul Glatz. "The IAEA and Euratom after six decades." In The International Atomic Energy Agency, 227–36. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003160205-18.

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Laurens, Noémie, Zachary Dove, Jean-Frédéric Morin, and Sikina Jinnah. "NAFTA and the Environment: Decades of Measured Progress." In Canada and International Affairs, 157–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81694-0_11.

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Żylicz, Marek. "The seven decades of scattered skies." In Harmonising Regulatory and Antitrust Regimes for International Air Transport, 3–4. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in competition law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351134910-2.

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Tymms, Peter. "A Reflection on Three Decades of Development." In International Perspectives on Early Childhood Education and Development, 3–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28589-9_1.

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Vagts, Detlev F. "The International Law Communications Network: Four Decades of Change." In Recht zwischen Umbruch und Bewahrung, 279–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57785-7_20.

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Harrison, David. "Essaying tourism: reflections on three decades of international tourism." In Tourism, tradition and culture: a reflection on their role in development, 1–8. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245899.0001.

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Zulkardi, Zulkardi, Ratu Ilma Indra Putri, and Aryadi Wijaya. "Two Decades of Realistic Mathematics Education in Indonesia." In International Reflections on the Netherlands Didactics of Mathematics, 325–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20223-1_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "INTERNATIONAL DECADES"

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Benitez, Roberto. "Three Decades of Metrology Education in Mexico." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.02.

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In 1987 with the NAFTA and the popularization of ISO-9000 standards, the Metrology in México was considered as a critical part for trade, commerce and quality assurance programs. Those were the days when two of the references for metrology systems were the MIL-STD 45662A and the Guide 25. At the beginning of the 80's, the Mexican government established the National Calibration System and started the Mexican NMI as a project. Also the metrological society established the Mexican Association of Metrology (AMMAC). During the 80's decade, the government, the society and the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), organized training workshops annually and some Metrology International Symposiums. Most of the first accredited Metrology Laboratories in Mexico belonged to great industrial companies, institutes and original equipment manufacturers. With ten years of experience some private Metrology Laboratories started to provide calibration services for industry, being accredited by the National Calibration System. In 1992 the Mexican Government issued the Federal Law of Metrology and Standardization, considering in this law the establishment of the NMI CENAM and the formation of the Accreditation Bodies. Also at that time, some private companies, research institutes, universities and calibration laboratories, started to provide training in Metrology. In 2012 the Santa Rosa Jauregui University started the Engineering in Industrial Metrology as a carrier and in the same year the ITM (private institute) started to form Calibration Technicians. In 2014 the Polytechnic University of Ramos Arizpe also started the Engineering in Industrial Metrology.
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Molontay, Roland, and Marcell Nagy. "Two decades of network science." In ASONAM '19: International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3341161.3343685.

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Lai, Gorm, Annakaisa Kultima, Foaad Khosmood, Johanna Pirker, Allan Fowler, Ilaria Vecchi, William Latham, and Frederic Fol Leymarie. "Two Decades of Game Jams." In ICGJ 2021: Sixth Annual International Conference on Game Jams, Hackathons, and Game Creation Events. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3472688.3472689.

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Bokotei, Mykhailo. "SUMMARIZING SIX DECADES OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIO MOVEMENT: FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF CONTEMPORARY GLASS ART." In RICERCHE SCIENTIFICHE E METODI DELLA LORO REALIZZAZIONE: ESPERIENZA MONDIALE E REALTÀ DOMESTICHE. European Scientific Platform, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/logos-14.05.2021.v2.48.

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Iqbal, M. Ayub. "Decades of Engineering Experiences with Sinkholes." In Eighth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482117.006.

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Truskinger, Anthony, Margot Brereton, and Paul Roe. "Visualizing five decades of environmental acoustic data." In 2018 IEEE 14th International Conference on e-Science (e-Science). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/escience.2018.00140.

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Madhow, Upamanyu. "Wireless communications research: The next two decades." In 2012 International Conference on Computers and Devices for Communication (CODEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/codec.2012.6509363.

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Tokuda, H., T. Hagino, J. Murai, and Y. Sone. "Cyber infrastructure and governance of next decades." In 2004 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops. 2004 Workshops. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saintw.2004.1268673.

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Azcárraga, Dr Alvaro, and Dr Luis V. Sánchez Muniosguren. "Three Decades of Space Activities at IDR/UPM." In 57th International Astronautical Congress. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-e4.4.03.

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Millet, N., M. Klein, J. Maintoux, and A. Hamon-Duquenne. "Lesson learnt from decades of passive radar experiments." In 2014 International Radar Conference (Radar). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2014.7060360.

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Reports on the topic "INTERNATIONAL DECADES"

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Purushothaman, Seema, and Raghvendra S. Vanjari. One Part Farmers: Villages two decades after land acquisition for the Bengaluru International Airport. Bangalore: Azim Premji University, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61933/wps.23.2022.4.

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Buckley, Ross, Emilios Avgouleas, and Douglas Arner. Three Decades of International Financial Crises: What Have We Learned and What Still Needs to be Done? Asian Development Bank, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200171-2.

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Bangpan, Mukdarut, Aisling Draper, Dayana Minchenko, Claire Stansfield, Kelly Dickson, Janice Tripney, and Sandy Oliver. Making and justifying evidence claims in international development. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/ceb10.

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In the last few decades, there has been an increasing use of, and demand for, high-quality research among decision-makers in international development. Wanting to know whether, how and where interventions work, they find statements made or implied to be supported by research evidence. These statements are ‘evidence claims’. Other people may question whether the evidence supporting the claims has been compiled or scrutinised appropriately. This raises the question of how such evidence claims are framed, justified and communicated. A new review aims to address this important question by reviewing research findings from impact evaluations and systematic reviews to understand the nature and the scope of evidence claims produced from low- and middle-income country (LMIC) research. This evidence brief shares key findings from this review.
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Basco, Sergi,, and Jair N. Ojeda-Joya. House Prices and International Remittances: Evidence from Colombia. Banco de la República, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1273.

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This paper empirically examines the effects of international remittances on local house prices. International remittances are one of the main drivers of capital infows in emerging economies. We consider the salient case of Colombia. In the last two decades, remittances have represented, on average, 2% of GDP. One main advantage of studying the Colombian housing market is that we are able to construct a panel of housing returns at the project level. By exploiting the regional and temporal variation of international remittances, we document that they have large heterogeneous effects across regions and housing types. In particular, we find that remittances inflows have positive effects on house prices growth in high unemployment municipalities and low-quality housing. These results hold when con- sidering an IV-strategy using remittances to Latin America countries (excluding Colombia). We develop a stylized model with borrowing constrained households and segmented housing markets to rationalize these results. Our findings suggest that international remittances are an important source of liquidity for credit constrained households.
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Bangpan, Mukdarut, Aisling Draper, Dayana Minchenko, Claire Stansfield, Kelly Dickson, Janice Tripney, and Sandy Oliver. Making and justifying evidence claims: evidence synthesis of impact evaluations and systematic reviews in international development. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cswp10.

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In the last few decades, there has been an increasing use of, and demand for, high-quality evidence among decision makers in international development. Evidence from research leads to claims about the effects of intervening in people’s lives to improve specific outcomes. However, this raises the question of how such evidence claims are framed, justified and communicated. This review aims to address this important question by reviewing research findings from impact evaluations and systematic reviews to understand the nature and the scope of evidence claims in the global South.
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Queiroz, Cesar, Andrés Uribe, and Dennis Blumenfeld. Mechanisms for Financing Roads: A Review of International Practice. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009351.

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In the last two decades there has been an increased contribution of the private sector, through some form of public-private partnership (PPP), to finance transport infrastructure in general, and roads in particular, in both the developed and developing worlds. Such contribution has helped several countries to maintain, rehabilitate and expand their road networks, including the construction of new motorways, bridges and tunnels. Some governments have increased the public contribution to potential PPP road projects to make them attractive to private investors. Such support may take the form of grants (or subsidies) to project construction, as well as availabilitypayments and operational grants or minimum revenue guarantees during the operational phase of the PPP project. Nevertheless, there are projects that will not be able to attract private financing and will have to be financed with only public funds. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the most commonly used means to charge road users to generate financial resources for supporting PPP projects or to finance totally public projects. Such charges include inter alia fuel taxes, vehicle taxes, vignettes, and tolls. A brief survey of road user charging systems in selected European countries is presented. Consideration is given to different forms of PPP, including a review of potential application of the World Bank Toolkit for PPP in Roads and Highways as an instrument to help decision-makers and practitioners to define the best PPP approach for a specific country. Developing and transition economies can also take advantage of guarantees offered by international financial institutions, an example of which is the World Bank's partial risk guarantees that can increase a project's attractiveness to private investors through lower interest rates and longer maturities of loans.
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Yuan, Jingdong, Fei Su, and Xuwan Ouyang. China’s Evolving Approach to Foreign Aid. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/wtnj4163.

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China’s role in foreign aid and, more broadly, in development cooperation on the global stage has grown significantly since it began seven decades ago. Particularly in recent years, through such platforms as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China’s profile and engagement in global governance in foreign aid and related areas has been further enhanced. China’s ambition is taking a more proactive approach in foreign aid and moving towards a model of international development cooperation by linking with the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and by including the BRI as a major platform to achieve key development goals. This paper provides a timely analysis of the evolution of China’s foreign aid policy in the past seven decades with a particular focus on the developments since 2000. It discusses China’s development finance to Africa and the major sectors receiving Chinese aid. It also analyses recent trends of Chinese foreign aid and identifies some of the challenges that China faces as it becomes a major player in international development financing.
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Tilahun, Nathanael, and Abebe G. Yihdego. Unsuccessful Implementation of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines in Low-Income Countries: The Case of Ethiopia. Institute of Development Studies, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.033.

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This policy brief is extracted from a full-fledged research report financed by the International Centre for Tax and Development through the Ethiopian Tax Research Network and published in the British Tax Review, Issue 2, 2023. Much international technical assistance is directed towards increasing the capacity of tax authorities in low-income countries to understand and effectively implement the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines and thus retain their fair share of revenue from the transnational economic transactions of multinational enterprises. The outcome of such assistance in the case of Ethiopia has been generally disappointing. Despite more than a decade of effort and nearly two decades since the initial introduction of transfer pricing rules in the tax system, the Ethiopian tax administration has not successfully completed a single transfer pricing audit. Three country-specific factors explain the poor implementation of transfer pricing rules in Ethiopia: the inability of tax officers to adapt from long-standing practices that run counter to OECD Guidelines, institutional ambiguity and rivalry among tax policy and enforcement organs, and the possibility of mock compliance with international standards without there being any such compliance in practice. Resolving some of the critical changes requires external technical assistance and decisive internal political and technocratic leadership, among other things.
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Bridges, Todd, Jeffrey King, Johnathan Simm, Michael Beck, Georganna Collins, Quirijn Lodder, and Ram Mohan. International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41946.

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To deliver infrastructure that sustain our communities, economy, and environment, we must innovate, modernize, and even revolutionize our approach to infrastructure development. Change takes courage, but as one starts down the path of innovation, what was once novel becomes more familiar, more established. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is walking this path with our partners through the Engineering With Nature (EWN) Initiative, integrating human engineering with natural systems. The International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management are the next step toward revolutionary infrastructure development—a set of real-world guidelines to help familiarize us with what was once novel. USACE and collaborators around the world have been building, learning, and documenting the best practices for constructing Natural and Nature-Based Features (NNBF) for decades. The consolidation of these lessons into a single guidance document gives decision-makers and practitioners a much-needed resource to pursue, consider, and apply NNBF for flood risk management while expanding value through infrastructure. Relationships and partnerships are vital ingredients for innovation and progress. The NNBF Guidelines was achieved because of the strong relationships in the nature-based engineering community. The magnitude and diversity of contributors to the NNBF Guidelines have resulted in a robust resource that provides value beyond a single agency, sector, or nation. Similarly, the work of incorporating NNBF into projects will require us to strengthen our relationships across organizations, mandates, and missions to achieve resilient communities. I hope you are inspired by the collaborative achievement of the NNBF Guidelines and will draw from this resource to develop innovative solutions to current and future flood risk management challenges. There is a lot we can achieve together along the path of revolutionary infrastructure development.
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Vera, Cesar Allan, Ma Lourdes Brusola-Vera, Maria Rosario Felizco, and Janice Ian Manlutac. Local Humanitarian Leadership: The View from Local Actors. Oxfam, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7574.

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The global call for localization and locally led emergency response acknowledges the reality that the humanitarian system is currently organized around international actors. More than the limited access to direct funding, the core issue is the power imbalance between local and international actors. In the Philippines, national and local networks of humanitarian, faith-based, developmental organizations and private sector foundations have been conducting and leading small- and large-scale disaster responses for decades. However, the discourse and struggle for localization have grown in recent years due to the prominence and dominance of international humanitarian actors, especially during large-scale emergencies. Oxfam is one of several international organizations that have signed up to the Grand Bargain, Charter for Change and other agreements that push for localization, and Oxfam in the Philippines has embraced the local humanitarian leadership (LHL) approach holistically.
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