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Academic literature on the topic 'International diffusion of shocks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "International diffusion of shocks"

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Houle, Christian, Mark A. Kayser, and Jun Xiang. "Diffusion or Confusion? Clustered Shocks and the Conditional Diffusion of Democracy." International Organization 70, no. 4 (2016): 687–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081831600028x.

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AbstractScholars, observing clustering in transitions to democracy, argue that democratization diffuses across borders as citizens in autocracies demand the same reforms they witness in neighboring states. We disagree. This article demonstrates that diffusion plays only a highly conditional role in democratization. We advance and test an alternative two-step theory of clustered democratization: (1) economic and international political shocks, which are clustered spatially and temporally, induce the breakdown of authoritarian regimes; then (2) democratic diffusion, in turn, influences whether a fallen dictatorship will be replaced by a democracy or a new autocracy. Diffusion, despite playing an important role, is insufficient to explain the clustering of transitions. Using data on 125 autocracies from 1875 to 2004, we show that economic crises trigger authoritarian breakdowns, while diffusion influences whether the new regime is democratic or authoritarian.

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Musacchio, Aldo, André Martínez Fritscher, and Martina Viarengo. "Colonial Institutions, Trade Shocks, and the Diffusion of Elementary Education in Brazil, 1889–1930." Journal of Economic History 74, no. 3 (2014): 730–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050714000588.

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We study the initial expansion of public schooling across Brazilian states (1889–1930) and develop an alternative explanation of how colonial institutions may affect the provision of public goods in the long run. We find that states that exported commodities undergoing international booms, between 1889 and 1930, had significantly larger export tax revenues and could spend more on education, while other states lagged behind. Yet, such positive effect of commodity booms on education expenditures was muted in states that either had more slaves before abolition or cultivated cotton during colonial times.

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Miller, Michael K., Michael Joseph, and Dorothy Ohl. "Are Coups Really Contagious? An Extreme Bounds Analysis of Political Diffusion." Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 2 (2016): 410–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002716649232.

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Protests and democratic transitions tend to spread cross-nationally. Is this true of all political events? We argue that the mechanisms underlying the diffusion of mass-participation events are unlikely to support the spread of elite-led violence, particularly coups. Further, past findings of coup contagion employed empirical techniques unable to distinguish clustering, common shocks, and actual diffusion. To investigate which events diffuse and where, we combine modern spatial dependence models with extreme bounds analysis (EBA). EBA allows for numerous modeling alternatives, including diffusion timing and the controls, and calculates the distribution of estimates across all combinations of these choices. We also examine various diffusion pathways, such as contagion among trade partners. Results from nearly 1.2 million models clearly undercut coup contagion. In comparison, we confirm that more mass-driven political events robustly spread cross-nationally. Our findings contribute to studies of political conflict and contagion, while introducing EBA as an effective tool for diffusion scholars.

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Houle, Christian, and Mark A. Kayser. "The Two-step Model of Clustered Democratization." Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, no. 10 (2019): 2421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002719875565.

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Does democratization diffuse? For over two decades, numerous studies have asserted that democratization diffuses across countries but recent research has challenged this claim. Most recently, work by Brancati and Lucardi has buttressed this null finding by demonstrating that an oft assumed mechanism for the diffusion of democratization—the diffusion of pro-democracy protests—lacks empirical support. We review this contribution in the context of recent research and pose the question: if democratization does not diffuse, then why does democratization cluster in time and space? The answer, we argue, is that democratization occurs in two steps. First, common shocks, economic or political, lead to regime collapse. Then, diffusion does emerge in a second step: new elites are more likely to install a democracy following a regime collapse if neighboring countries have recently democratized. We present evidence from democratic transitions in 125 autocracies between 1875 and 2014.

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Aturin, Valery, Irina Moga, and Samal Smagulova. "Digital transformation management: Scientific approaches and economic policy." Upravlenets 11, no. 2 (2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-2-6.

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The article explores the problems and trends in digital transformation of the world economy in the context of revolutionary changes in the technological sphere, unstable state of a number of national economies and international trade. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study includes the traditional ideas about technological advances and their impact on global reproduction, as well as the conceptual framework of digital economy. The authors follow the research methods, such as comparative analysis, synthesis, historical and logical methods. The research identifies the evaluation parameters of digital transformation, including the assessment of broadband internet access, the potential of reducing the cost price of digital devices and the marginal cost of traditional industries, and the assessment of the convergence and the speed of technology diffusion. The authors find that the key characteristics of new economic policy are flexibility and detailed specification to fine-tune the combination of tools depending on the object of management. Having analyzed the avenues for digital transformation, we establish the areas of high uncertainty – job market, data control, security, the environment, etc. – that act as potential sources of shocks. Our findings also prove the necessity to create conditions for the growth of technology-centric companies.

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Kwon, Kisung, Taeyeon Oh, Jihyun Lee, and Jeehyun Kang. "Analysis of Entrepreneurial Process Based on Domestic Introduction of Sport Contents: Focusing on the Innovation Diffusion Process Model." Korean Journal of Sport Science 32, no. 2 (2021): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2021.32.2.181.

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Purpose A number of start-ups in the form of introducing sports contents in Korea as a new market are in progress, and appropriate support for each step is needed to increase the chances of a success. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the entrepreneurial process of introducing and spreading newly created or developed sports content into a new market, Korea, by focusing on the innovation diffusion process model. Methods To derive the results, a qualitative research method was used, data were collected through in-depth interviews, literature search, and observation methods, and analyzed through categorization and itemization in stages based on content analysis results. Results Looking at the results, content recognition and problem identification were derived in the exogenous shocks stage, and the organization unity of internal and external stakeholder was confirmed in the formal coalition of opinion leaders stage. At the stage of internal communication between the opinion leaders of the social system, the expert communication in the same or similar field and external area appeared and the indirect experience also derived. In the decision to select a specific innovation stage, activities to belong to an international organization, to establish a new organization, and to secure idle space appeared, and at the stage of recruitment and/or the establishment of boundary spanners, efforts to secure internal and external human resource within the organization and to build an organization form appeared. In the stage of develop and introduce the innovation, online communication channels were established. In the stage of using mass media outlets, media articles, lectures, and academic conferences were used, and in the stage of actual diffusion of an innovation, experience and education programs were conducted, competition and exhibitions were held, venues were built, and actual international competitions were participated. At the stage of decisions to continue, discontinue, or re-invent the existing innovation must occur, evaluation was made by personnel inside and outside the organization. Conclusions It is possible to increase the success of start-up by creating a support system that can fill the necessary parts for each stage of start-up based on the derived activities for each stage.

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Gray, David. "An international housing market in the British Isles: Evidence from business and medium-term cycles using a Friedman test." Urban Studies 57, no. 2 (2019): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019839886.

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It has been averred that there is an international market in housing (inter alia, Adams Z and Füss R (2010) Macroeconomic determinants of international housing markets. Journal of Housing Economics 19(1): 38–50; Helbling T and Terrones M (2003) When Bubbles Burst – Chapter II, World Economic Outlook. April. Washington, DC: IMF; Pomogajko K and Voigtländer M (2012) Co-movement of house price cycles – A factor analysis. International Journal of Housing Markets & Analysis 5(4): 414–427). Although some authors examine the business cycle range, the mechanism by which this comes about is more likely to reflect financial market integration and evidence for this should be found in the medium-term cycle range. As a case study, there is an analysis of three associated ‘regional’ housing markets and their price movements. Northern Ireland’s economy is distinct but should be linked to the rest of the UK by common policy shocks, and to Eire through a mutual border. Using a Friedman test, it is found that even this small cluster is not integrated. It is asserted that a housing cycle has both a financial and a business component. As Drehmann et al. (Drehmann M, Borio C and Tstasaronis K (2012) Characterising the financial cycle: Don’t lose sight of the medium term! BIS Working Papers, No. 380, Bank for International Settlements, June) argue, cycles in the medium-term range are significant in housing. A dual component approach highlights the relevance of cyclical interaction for both revealing integration and the need to intervene to moderate cyclical reinforcement for crisis-avoidance. After 1995, Dublin and London are found to be more integrated than before, which is consistent with the international city integration thesis of Holly et al. (Holly S, Pesaran H and Yamagata T (2011) The spatio-temporal diffusion of house prices in the UK. Journal of Urban Economics 69(1): 2–23). Lastly, a simple test for cyclical asymmetry indicates that there is highness (the obverse of deepness, where the troughs are deeper than peaks) in the UK financial cycle.

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Witelski, T. P. "Shocks in nonlinear diffusion." Applied Mathematics Letters 8, no. 5 (1995): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0893-9659(95)00062-u.

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Kim, Soyoung, and Jaewoo Lee. "INTERNATIONAL MACROECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 19, no. 7 (2014): 1509–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100513000916.

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This paper investigates the international dimension of economic fluctuations and transmission of structural shocks by estimating a structural VAR model for the United States, the euro area, and Japan—the three largest economies—over the post-Bretton Woods period. The main findings are as follows: (1) Supply-side shocks (technology and supply-level shocks) explain most of the fluctuations in cross-country output deviations. (2) Real-demand shocks are the most important source of real-exchange-rate fluctuations. (3) Current account is usually influenced by all types of shocks, with technology shocks playing a stronger role. In particular, technology shocks play a prominent role in the existing global imbalance (the large external deficit of the United States). (4) Technology and supply-level shocks generate opposite-signed correlations between output differential and current account, whereas real and nominal-demand shocks generate opposite-signed correlations between real exchange rate and current account.

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Cesa-Bianchi, Ambrogio, Andrea Ferrero, and Alessandro Rebucci. "International credit supply shocks." Journal of International Economics 112 (May 2018): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2017.11.006.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International diffusion of shocks"

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Chang, Pang-hua Kevin. "Commodity price shocks and international finance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31012.

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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, Florian Huber, and Luca Onorante. "The macroeconomic effects of international uncertainty shocks." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5462/1/wp245.pdf.

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We propose a large-scale Bayesian VAR model with factor stochastic volatility to investigate the macroeconomic consequences of international uncertainty shocks on the G7 countries. The factor structure enables us to identify an international uncertainty shock by assuming that it is the factor most correlated with forecast errors related to equity markets and permits fast sampling of the model. Our findings suggest that the estimated uncertainty factor is strongly related to global equity price volatility, closely tracking other prominent measures commonly adopted to assess global uncertainty. The dynamic responses of a set of macroeconomic and financial variables show that an international uncertainty shock exerts a powerful effect on all economies and variables under consideration.<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

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Minasyan, Gohar. "Essays in International Macroeconomics." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104630.

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Thesis advisor: Fabio Ghironi<br>Thesis advisor: Peter Ireland<br>This thesis includes three essays. The first chapter analyzes how the implications of productivity shocks in an open economy can differ depending on the size of the economy relative to the rest of the world. It employs a stylized two-country general equilibrium model with love of variety, where economies differ in size and shows that a dynamic home market effect is present: productivity shocks that lower production and entry costs lead to deterioration of home terms of trade when home is small relative to the rest of the word but to improvement of terms of trade when home is large. The second chapter analyzes the role of globalization in the lack of convergence of living standards within Europe, despite integration processes. Building on theoretical and empirical literature on trade and income inequality in the U.S. this chapter proposes a model that describes how globalization affects disparities between countries in Europe. To quantitatively assess this effect, a measure of exposure to globalization is constructed, using detailed trade, employment, and output data. The chapter shows that the relative performance of countries within Europe is correlated with their exposure to globalization. In particular, countries that experienced relative declines of living standards over the past decade have been most exposed to globalization. The third chapter explores the implications of demand side pricing complementarities and endogenous markups in open economy. It shows that endogenous markups resulting from translog preferences imply richer dynamics for international relative prices that have better chances to match the data. Further, countercyclical markups lead to endogenous procyclical movement as well as cross-country correlation of measured TPF. It also shows that in a stylized model endogenous markups may act as a transmission mechanism, leading in particular to positive GDP co-movement across borders as opposed to a benchmark CES model<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Economics

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Bourgeon, Pauline. "Essays on the impact of shocks on international flows and productivity." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E023.

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Cette thèse aborde différentes thématiques dans le champ de l’économie internationale et de la macroéconomie. Les travaux de recherche développés dans cette thèse étudient l’impact des chocs de différentes natures sur les flux de migrations internationales, de commerce international et sur la croissance de la productivité. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à l’évolution des flux migratoires en réaction à des chocs conjoncturels. L’estimation du modèle à partir des données nous permet de conclure qu’à la fois les chocs structurels et les chocs conjoncturels influent les flux de migration. Une augmentation de 10% du salaire du pays de destination conduirait à une augmentation du flux migratoire vers ce pays de destination de près de 8%, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. Le second chapitre étudie dans quelles mesures les chocs financiers affectent le niveau des exportations des entreprises, avec un focus particulier sur les entreprises qui exportent vers des destinations lointaines. Nous trouvons que les entreprises qui font face à des frictions financières exportent entre 4% et 10% de moins que celles qui ne sont pas soumises à ces frictions. Nos résultats montrent également que parmi les exportateurs en difficulté financière, ceux qui exportent vers des destinations lointaines réduisent encore davantage leurs exportations. Dans le chapitre trois, nous étudions comment les frictions financières peuvent conduire à des distorsions dans l’allocation des ressources. Nos résultats suggèrent que dans les pays développés financièrement, les capitaux ne permettent pas forcément une amélioration de l’allocation efficace du travail entre les firmes<br>This thesis covers various issues in international economics and macroeconomics.It studies the role of several types of shocks on international migration, firms’ export strategies and sectoral productivity growth. The three chapters exploit different sources of data and use recent econometrics approaches to deal with these issues.Chapter one contributes to the literature on international migration by looking at the role of short-run fluctuations as determinants of the location choice of the migrants. We find evidence that business cycles and employment rates at destination affect the intensity of gross bilateral flows.Chapter two investigates how financial frictions impact firms’ foreign sales, especially for firms that export to long distance export markets. We find that firmsfacing financial frictions export from 4 to 10% less than the ones without anyfinancial constraints. Our results also suggest that amongst exporters facing financial difficulties, those who export to faraway destinations reduce their exportsales more.Chapter three investigates how financial frictions affect the efficiency with which labor allocates across firms within a sector. Results suggest that an increase intangibility decreases the productivity growth rate of an industry located in highly financially developed country and this lower productivity growth rate is largely explained by the reallocation of labour across firms within the sector

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Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria Katariina. "International diffusion of new technology." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3188/.

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This study explores the international diffusion of new technology i.e. changes over time in the extent to which world output is produced using, or world consumption is made up of products incorporating, specific new technologies. This topic has received relatively little attention in the literature. Many of the theoretical arguments developed in the literature for the study of domestic diffusion are here systematically applied to international diffusion for the first time. We propose that patterns of international diffusion derive from two related processes: inter-country diffusion or the extensive margin, and intra-country diffusion or the intensive margin. We start with a study of the relative importance of these two processes. Using data on four technologies we show that the relative importance of the intensive to the extensive margin increases over time. The same pattern was identified by Battisti and Stoneman (2003) in their study of the importance of inter- and intra-firm diffusion in domestic diffusion. The main body of the thesis is concerned with the question how (if at all) does international diffusion affect domestic diffusion? Two theoretical arguments are explored: the first uses an epidemic and the second a decision-theoretic model. The models are extensions of the seminal models of Bass (1969), Mansfield (1961) and Reinganum (1981b). Two specific hypotheses arise, namely that international diffusion affects domestic diffusion through: i) an exogenous learning effect or inter-country spillovers; and ii) a negative stock effect. The hypotheses have contradictory empirical implications. The epidemic model is tested using data on steam- and motor ship diffusion. We find evidence of spillovers however the direction of the effect is not robust across countries. We discuss the time-series properties of the data, which is rarely done in the literature, and find some problems which may partly explain the results. We then develop an international stock effect hypothesis using a decision-theoretic model based on the closed economy model of Reinganum (1981b). This allows for firm heterogeneity in production costs. We discuss how heterogeneity impacts on international diffusion patterns when some of that heterogeneity is on the country-level. Empirically we find evidence of an international stock effect in the diffusion of the basic oxygen furnace. A number of explanatory variables which capture cross-country differences in production and adoption costs are also significant.

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Tsheko, B. O. "Analysing the impact of international trade policy shocks on the economy of Botswana." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493364.

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Otterstrom, Samuel M. "The international diffusion of the Mormon Church /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1994. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTNZ,4323.

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Otterstrom, Samuel. "The International Diffusion of the Mormon Church." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1994. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5004.

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This thesis outlines the international diffusion and growth of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormon Church. A model of Mormon spatial diffusion in foreign countries is developed incorporating both a functional and spatial perspective. The functional perspective includes supply and demand variables which influence the rate of growth of the Mormon Church in a country. The functional perspective is not fully explored in the thesis. The spatial perspective which the study concentrates on seeks to show a general spatial pattern related to the spread of the Church within countries. The original diffusion of the Church to other countries and the patterns of stake and mission formations in these nations since World War II are outlined. Stakes are used as Mormon population location indicators. Special emphasis is given to Latin America, because of the success that the Mormon Church has had there. The study finds that the Mormon Church has generally spread in a hierarchical manner within foreign countries.

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Lee, Seung Jae. "Determinants of real exchange rate : with emphasis on productivity shocks /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9999299.

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DE, SANTIS ROBERTA, and SANTIS Roberta DE. "Trade as international transmission mechanism of shocks: The case of Central Eastern European Countries." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/916890.

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Books on the topic "International diffusion of shocks"

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Wolfgang, Keller. International technology diffusion. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Eaton, Jonathan. International patenting and technology diffusion. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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Eaton, Jonathan. International patenting and technology diffusion. Federal Reserve Board, Division of Research and Statistics, 1994.

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Morisset, Jacques. Information diffusion in international markets. World Bank, 2003.

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Kehoe, Timothy Jerome. Are shocks to the terms of trade shocks to productivity? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Porto de Oliveira, Osmany. International Policy Diffusion and Participatory Budgeting. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43337-0.

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Keller, Wolfgang. Geographic localization of international technology diffusion. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Coeurdacier, Nicolas. International portfolios with supply, demand and redistributive shocks. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Coeurdacier, Nicolas. International portfolios with supply, demand and redistributive shocks. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Devereux, Michael B. Leverage constraints and the international transmission of shocks. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "International diffusion of shocks"

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So, K. K., X. Y. Hu, and N. A. Adams. "Anti-diffusion Interface Sharpening Technique for Two-Phase Compressible Flow Simulations." In 28th International Symposium on Shock Waves. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25685-1_10.

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Torikai, H., S. Saito, and A. Ito. "Extinguishment of a Methane Air Diffusion Flame by Using Blast Wave." In 29th International Symposium on Shock Waves 1. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16835-7_127.

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Genoese, Fabio. "Disruptive Technologies." In The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_29.

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AbstractHistory shows that sudden disruptions are very rare in the energy industry, due to the relatively slow diffusion process of new technologies. Technological change is always ongoing but has remained manageable and predictable so far, given the long technical lifetime of assets in the energy industry. However, in some sectors disruption could be imminent, largely driven by consumers, because their purchasing decisions are not only guided by economic principles. Rooftop solar has already demonstrated its disruptive potential between 2008 and 2012, mainly triggered by generous government incentives at that time. In the forthcoming decade, a new disruptive wave could be triggered by easy-to-install solar kits and affordable multi-junction cells, which increase the amount of solar energy per square metre that a panel can harvest. Moreover, current technology trends indicate that a new wave of electrification is imminent, this time targeting the transport and heating sectors. This by itself would constitute a major disruption of the energy industry. Instead, whether hydrogen could also give rise to a disruption will mainly depend on energy policy and how seriously the fight against global warming is pursued.

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Galeev, A. A. "Collisionless Shocks." In Physics of Solar Planetary Environments: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, June 7-18,1976 Boulder, Colorado, Volume I. American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/sp007p0464.

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Laxton, Douglas, and Eswar S. Prasad. "International Spillovers of Macroeconomic Shocks." In EMU, Financial Markets and the World Economy. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5131-4_11.

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Riabov, V. V. "Numerical Simulations of Nonequilibrium and Diffusive Effects in Spherical Shock Waves." In 28th International Symposium on Shock Waves. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25688-2_32.

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de Bandt, Olivier, Karim Barhoumi, and Catherine Bruneau. "The International Transmission of House Price Shocks." In Housing Markets in Europe. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15340-2_7.

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Porto de Oliveira, Osmany. "Accessing International Policy Diffusion." In International Policy Diffusion and Participatory Budgeting. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43337-0_1.

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Ncube, Mthuli, and Eliphas Ndou. "International Transmission of US Shocks into South Africa." In Monetary Policy and the Economy in South Africa. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137334152_9.

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Leeflang, Peter S. H., and Jaap E. Wieringa. "Diffusion and Adoption Models." In International Series in Quantitative Marketing. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53469-5_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "International diffusion of shocks"

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Verkhoglyadova, Olga P. "Anomalous diffusion of energetic particles: implications for diffusive particle acceleration at a quasi-perpendicular shock." In THE PHYSICS OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS: 4th Annual IGPP International Astrophysics Conference. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2032696.

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Pierre, F., J. Solomon, N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin, et al. "Emission of whistler-mode waves and diffusion of electrons around interplanetary shocks." In Proceedings of the eigth international solar wind conference: Solar wind eight. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51475.

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Sümer, Kutluk Kağan. "Monte Carlo Methods and New Jump Diffusion Processes and Their Application in Gold Price." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02000.

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This study aimed to execute Monte Carlo simulation method with Wiener Process, Generalized Wiener Process, Mean Reversion Process and Mean Reversion Jump Diffusion Process and to compare them and then expended with the idea of how to include negative and positive news shocks in the gold market to the Monte Carlo simulation. By enhancing the determination of the 3 standard deviation shocks within the process of Classic Mean Jump Diffusion Process, an enchanted model for the 1,96 and 3 standard deviation shocks were being used and additionally positive and negative shocks were added to the system in a different way. This new Mean Reversion Jump Diffusion Process that have been developed by Sümer, executes Monte Carlo simulation regarding the gold market return with five random variables that are chosen from Poisson distribution and one random variable chosen from the normal distribution. Additionally, by accepting volatilities as outlies over the 1,96 and 3 standard deviations with the effect of the new and good news and the standard deviations on the traditional approximate return and the standard deviations (volatility) and the obtained new approximate return and the new standard deviation (volatility) and compares them with the Monte Carlo simulations.

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Fachinotti, Víctor D. "A Diffusion-Split Method To Deal With Thermal Shocks Using Standard Linear Tetrahedral Finite Elements." In MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: Modeling, Simulation and Applications - NUMIFORM 2004 - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1766871.

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Baring, Matthew G. "Diffusive Acceleration of Ions at Interplanetary Shocks." In THE PHYSICS OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS: 4th Annual IGPP International Astrophysics Conference. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2032698.

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Chen, Shu-sheng, Hua Yang, Zheng Li, and Zheng-hong Gao. "Pressure Diffusion Item to Improve Shock Robustness for Low-Diffusion Upwind Schemes." In 2021 12th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmae52228.2021.9522421.

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Fu, Shujun, Qiuqi Ruan, and Wenqia Wang. "A Coupled Shock-diffusion Filter for Image Enhancement." In 2006 8th international Conference on Signal Processing. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icosp.2006.345608.

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Lario, D. "The Energetic Storm Particle Event on 2003 October 24: A Test of Diffusive Shock Acceleration Theory." In THE PHYSICS OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS: 4th Annual IGPP International Astrophysics Conference. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2032693.

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Zhou, Zuofeng, and Guoliang Fan. "A directional shock diffusion approach to single image super-resolution." In 2013 20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2013.6738174.

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Yan, Zhu, Mingju Chen, and Pingxian Yang. "Complex diffusion and shock filter processes for image enhancement and denoising." In 3rd International Conference on Digital Image Processing, edited by Ting Zhang. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.896317.

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Reports on the topic "International diffusion of shocks"

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Cesa-Bianchi, Ambrogio, Andrea Ferrero, and Alessandro Rebucci. International Credit Supply Shocks. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23841.

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Keller, Wolfgang. International Technology Diffusion. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8573.

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Eaton, Jonathan, and Samuel Kortum. International Patenting and Technology Diffusion. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4931.

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Devereux, Michael, and James Yetman. Leverage Constraints and the International Transmission of Shocks. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16226.

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Fitzgerald, Doireann, and Stefanie Haller. Exporters and Shocks: Dissecting the International Elasticity Puzzle. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19968.

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Coeurdacier, Nicolas, Robert Kollmann, and Philippe Martin. International Portfolios with Supply, Demand and Redistributive Shocks. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13424.

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Akinci, Ozge, Ṣebnem Kalemli-Özcan, and Albert Queralto. Uncertainty Shocks, Capital Flows, and International Risk Spillovers. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30026.

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Santacreu, Ana Maria. International technology Diffusion: A Gravity Approach. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2019.031.

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Keller, Wolfgang. Geographic Localization of International Technology Diffusion. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7509.

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Rigobon, Roberto. On the Measurement of the International Propagation of Shocks. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7354.

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