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Wang, Shengzu 1978. "Economic policies in developing and emerging market economies : three essays in international and development economics." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115647.
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This thesis consists of three essays, which focus on different aspects of economic policy issues faced by developing and emerging market economies. The first essay explores the effect of monetary policy credibility on exchange rate volatility in a small open economy, even if the exchange rate is not an explicit target set by the monetary authority. Using an open economy framework modified from Gall and Monacelli (2005) and Walsh (2006), it shows that monetary policy credibility helps to stabilize the exchange rate as supply and demand side shocks hit the domestic economy. The monetary policy credibility can be achieved by the monetary authority's commitment to certain rules aiming for output/price smoothing. In the empirical analysis inflation targeting is used as a proxy variable for monetary credibility. The GARCH model of selected South-East Asian countries indicates that countries with inflation targeting policies have exhibited reduced exchange rate volatility when other factors are controlled.<br>The second essay looks at FDI inflows into developing economies. Two distinctive differences of FDI inflows between developed and developing economies are entry modes and evidence of government regulations. This essay investigates the incentives of FDI flows in terms of cost-saving merger, fixed cost of entry and the role of government policies. In particular it shows that, if the cost-saving effect is large and the government intervenes, the foreign firm will consider the FDI through either Greenfield or Brownfield, which corresponds to the situation for FDI flows into developing economies. Otherwise, the foreign firm will only consider Brownfield or staying outside, which stands for the developed economy case. Since one remarkable feature of the FDI flows into developing countries is the benefit of cost-saving from low labour costs, this essay takes this effect into account and provides insights for economic "outsourcing". The multi-stage sequential game model presented in this chapter provides comparable results for the pattern of the FDI flows affected by regulation and institutional factors, which are not addressed by existing literature. Finally, it reveals some intuition and feature of a developing economy where the government regulations on FDI flows are more often observed.<br>The third essay deals with the resource/revenue reallocation within powerful groups in the economy and the impact of the rent-seeking behavior of these groups on the economic growth and the social welfare. In particular, it introduces a dynamic model of resource-grabbing by status-conscious agents, i.e., agents value not only their absolute consumption levels, but also the relative status within his/her reference group. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of the "positional externalities" on the urge to seek rent and to connect the "tragedy of the commons" problem with relative consumption. The model shows that the greater is agents' concern about their relative status, the more aggressively they tend to behave. Consequently, the social welfare is lower because the growth rate of the public asset is reduced due to higher extraction rate. After introducing heterogeneity, it shows that the social welfare decreases as the distribution of status-consciousness among agents widens. Finally, it provides some policy suggestions that the government might consider to achieve a second best social outcome.
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Elgendy, Alaadin M. "The political economy of international organizations and the new world order: North-south relations from a southern perspective." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/904.
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Gásquez, Mendoza Roberto. "Football and economy relations at the international level." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/441743.
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La industria deportiva es hoy en día un sector con una importante influencia económica. Dimitrov et al. (2006), citado en el Libro Blanco sobre el Deporte de la Comisión Europea, estimó el tamaño de la industria deportiva de la Unión Europea en torno al 3,7% del PIB y el 5,4% del empleo. Más recientemente, las Cuentas Satelitales Deportivas Europeas de 2011 sugirieron que el deporte representa entre el 3 y el 3,7% del gasto de consumo, entre el 2,2 y el 4,0% del valor añadido bruto y entre el 2,0 y el 5,8% del empleo en los países europeos (Comisión Europea, 2011).
Esta tesis doctoral estudia el deporte más popular y difundido en el mundo: el fútbol, uno de los mejores ejemplos del fenómeno de la globalización. El efecto de este deporte ha crecido exponencialmente en el siglo XXI, generando emoción y frustración, y para muchos convirtiéndose en una especie de religión. Según la FIFA, la Copa Mundial de Brasil 2014 llegó a 3,2 mil millones de personas, y unos mil millones vieron la final. En términos de participación, el fútbol es uno de los pocos deportes que se practica en todo el mundo (Murray, 1996). Según las estimaciones de la FIFA, actualmente hay alrededor de doscientos sesenta y cinco millones de futbolistas activos.
El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la relación entre el fútbol y la economía a nivel internacional. Esta relación se investiga desde diferentes perspectivas, mediante tres capítulos relacionados que, juntos, ofrecen nuevas pruebas sobre la importancia del fútbol en el mundo globalizado actual.
El alto desarrollo de la industria del fútbol en prácticamente todos los países del planeta permite al capítulo dos demostrar que este deporte puede ser considerado un indicador del desarrollo a nivel internacional. En este sentido, se diseña un modelo econométrico para analizar el desarrollo tanto en términos del PIB per cápita como en términos del Índice de Desarrollo Humano. Se utiliza información transversal y de series temporales. Los resultados sugieren que el ranking FIFA de los equipos nacionales puede utilizarse para complementar nuestra comprensión del desarrollo multidimensional, en particular, en aquellos países donde la disponibilidad de información no es tan buena como los investigadores desean.
Seguidamente, el capítulo tres propone un modelo para identificar y medir los factores que determinan el desempeño de un equipo nacional de fútbol. Se presentan tres innovaciones: (a) se aplica el modelo desarrollado por Bernard y Busse (2004) al fútbol, (b) se considera un amplio panel de países durante un período de 33 años, y (c) se complementa el ranking de la FIFA con el sistema de clasificación Elo. Se estima un modelo de panel dinámico utilizando el estimador de los momentos (GMM) de Blundell y Bond (1998). Se concluye que la calificación Elo es un indicador alternativo mejor que el ranking de la FIFA. Por lo tanto, la calificación Elo puede ser utilizada en los trabajos académicos que desean analizar el éxito del fútbol durante un largo período de tiempo.
El capítulo cuatro extiende finalmente el análisis al nivel local (clubes) y examina si la proporción de jugadores extranjeros está relacionada con el éxito de los clubes de fútbol a nivel nacional y mundial, considerando los canales clásicos de conocimiento, coincidencia y efectos compartidos. En otras palabras, se estudia la migración internacional de los futbolistas. La mayoría de los equipos de fútbol tienen como objetivo poseer los mejores jugadores, independientemente de su nacionalidad. Sin embargo, muchas federaciones de fútbol imponen restricciones a la libre movilidad en este mercado. De hecho, si todos los equipos de una liga se enfrentan a las mismas restricciones, no está claro que tal afluencia de extranjeros tenga algún impacto. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si tener más futbolistas extranjeros puede influir en el rendimiento de los equipos. Este propósito se lleva a cabo comparando cerca de mil clubes de fútbol de todo el mundo. A través de un modelo econométrico, se analiza el efecto de la proporción de futbolistas extranjeros en la puntuación y el ranking de los clubes proporcionados por la clasificación desarrollada por Footballdatabase.com. En promedio, los equipos en las ligas con más jugadores extranjeros muestran mejores resultados en la clasificación mundial. Sin embargo, dentro de cada liga, donde todos los equipos tienen las mismas regulaciones, y una vez que se controlan las variables económicas, contar con más jugadores extranjeros no tiene un efecto significativo. Al final, cuando todos los equipos tienen las mismas posibilidades de importar mejores jugadores del extranjero, lo que importa es el poder financiero para elegir a los mejores futbolistas.
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Cao, Xun. "Convergence, divergence, and networks in international political economy /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10793.
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Büge, Max. "Three essays on institutions and international economic relations." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0024.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer empiriquement l'impact de différents cadres institutionnels sur le commerce transfrontalier et l'investissement direct. La thèse se compose de trois essais. Dans le premier essai, j’analyse les répercussions de l'incertitude institutionnelle sur le commerce international. Les résultats impliquent que l'incertitude institutionnelle a un impact négatif, qui est significatif et robuste, sur les volumes d'échanges commeciales. Le deuxième et le troisième chapitre de la thèse portent sur des types particuliers de contrats entre des nations souveraines qui régissent leurs relations économiques: les accords commerciaux préférentiels et des traités bilatéraux d'investissement. L'objectif du deuxième essai est de tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle un accord commercial préférentiel accroît l'investissement bilatéral de ses membres. Econométriqument, je trouve un effet fort et robuste qui confirme cette hypothèse (pour les pays développés et les pays en voie de développement). Basé sur les résultats du deuxième chapitre, je teste dans un troisième essai si un traité bilatéral d'investissement entre un pays en voie de développement et un pays développé influence les flux commerciaux des partenaires, mais un effet empirique des traités bilatéraux d'investissement sur le commerce s’éffond quand l’exogénéité stricte est prise en compte<br>The objective of this PhD thesis is to to empirically assess the impact of different institutional frameworks on cross-border trade and direct investment. The thesis consists of three substantive essays. In the first essay, I analyze the repercussions of institutional uncertainty on international trade. The results imply that institutional uncertainty has a significant and robust negative impact on trade volumes. The second and the third chapters of the thesis focus on particular types of contracts among sovereign nations that govern their economic relations: preferential trade agreements and bilateral investment treaties. The objective of the second essay is to test the hypothesis that a preferential trade agreements increases the bilateral investment of its members and I find a strong and robust effect (for developed and developing countries alike). Based on the results of the second chapter, I test in a third essay whether a bilateral investment treaty between a developing and a developed country influences the partners’ trade flows, but the empirical effect of bilateral investment treaties on trade collapses once strict exogeneity is accounted for
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Pollitt, Michael G. "The relative performance of publicly owned and privately owned electric utilities : international evidence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358624.
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Epstein, Natan P. "Essays on international economics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7481.
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Markwell, D. J. "John Maynard Keynes and international relations : idealism, economic paths to war and peace, and post-war reconstruction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296061.
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Школа, Вікторія Юріївна, Виктория Юрьевна Школа, Viktoriia Yuriivna Shkola, and М. Д. Вавілічев. "Competitiveness of Ukraine in modern international economic relations." Thesis, Сумський державний педагогічний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/82658.
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Україна займає значне місце у світовій економіці з точки зору свого ресурсного потенціалу та людських ресурсів, які досі не досягнуті в повному обсязі. Визначальним показником ефективності економічної політики держави є її місце у світових рейтингах. Загалом існує близько десяти міжнародних показників. Найпоширенішими є Індекс глобальної конкурентоспроможності, KOF Індекс глобалізації та Індекс легкості ведення бізнесу, Індекс економічної свободи, Індекс сприйняття корупції, Індекс людського розвитку, HDI, Індекс свободи преси. Відповідно до сучасних умов макроекономічної ситуації необхідно постійно контролювати місце України у міжнародних рейтингах та проводити комплексну оцінку. Оскільки відповідні місця України в рейтингу світових організацій є ключовими показниками розвитку її економіки.<br>Украина занимает значительное место в мировой экономике по ресурсному потенциалу и человеческим ресурсам, которые до сих пор полностью не реализованы. Определяющим показателем эффективности экономической политики государства является его место в мировых рейтингах. Всего существует около десяти международных индексов. Наиболее распространенными являются Индекс глобальной конкурентоспособности, KOF Индекс глобализации и Индекс легкости ведения бизнеса, Индекс экономической свободы, Индекс восприятия коррупции, Индекс человеческого развития, Индекс свободы прессы. В соответствии с текущими условиями макроэкономической ситуации необходимо постоянно отслеживать место Украины в международных рейтингах и давать комплексную оценку. Ведь соответствующие места Украины в рейтинге мировых организаций являются ключевыми показателями развития ее экономики.<br>Ukraine takes a significant place in the world economy in terms of its resource potential and human resources, which are still not fully achieved. The determining indicator of the effectiveness of the economic policy of the state is its place in global rankings. In total, there are about ten international indexes. The most common are the Global Competitiveness Index, the KOF Index of Globalization, and the Ease of doing business Index, Index of Economic Freedom, Corruption Perceptions Index, CPI, Human Development Index, HDI, Press Freedom Index, PFI.
In accordance with the current conditions of the macroeconomic situation, it is necessary to constantly monitor Ukraine's place in international rankings and to make a comprehensive assessment. As the relevant Ukraine's places in the rating of world organizations are key indicators of its economy development.
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Babii, Aleksandra. "Three Essays in International Economics." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10014.
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Le résumé en français n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur<br>This thesis consists of three independent chapters on international macroeconomics. Little is known about the economic source of common variation in nominal exchange rates. The first chapter examines how international trade links nominal exchange rates. First, I document that two countries that trade more intensively with each other have more correlated exchange rates against the U.S dollar. Second, I develop a general equilibrium multi-country model, where a shock to a single country propagates to the exchange rates of its trading partners and serves as a source of common variation. In the baseline three-country model, I show that the sign and the strength of correlation between exchange rates depend on the elasticities of trade balances of countries with respect to both exchange rates. As a result, the model’s prediction about the relationship between bilateral trade intensity and exchange rates correlation depends on the currency in which international prices are set. Lastly, an augmented model is calibrated to twelve countries to quantitatively assess the importance of trade linkages. I find that trade linkages alone, with uncorrelated shocks across countries, account for 50% of the empirical trade-exchange-rates-correlation slope coefficient. The second chapter, written in collaboration with Hussein Bidawi, shows that exchange rates of a large and heterogeneous set of countries are connected to individual commodity prices. This overturns the exchange rate disconnect puzzle: the empirical fact that nominal exchange rates are not linked to their fundamentals. Importantly, the connection between exchange rates and commodity prices is independent of the country’s reliance on export of commodities. Strikingly then, the observed link is not restricted to commodity currencies. A novel empirical regularity about the link between exchange rates and commodity prices is uncovered. In particular, the strength of connectedness exhibits important time variation: commodity prices and exchange rates are more linked in times of high uncertainty on financial markets as measured by VIX. Our findings emphasize the need to study exchange rates and commodity prices beyond the traditional trade framework. In the third chapter in collaboration with Thomas Helbling, we study the effect of commodity price variation on the Australian economy. The Australian economy depends significantly on its commodity-exporting activity. The mining boom and bust over the past decade or so have had a large impact on the economy even though the mining sector is relatively small in terms of value added and employment. This paper explores the amplification of mining shocks over the input-output linkages. In particular, we focus on industries that provide inputs to the mining sector. We analyze the effect of Australia’s key commodities prices between 2006 and 2016 exploiting cross-industry variation in sales exposure to the mining sector and quantify the overall output and employment effects of these shocks. We find that a one-standard-deviation decline in individual prices for some commodities decreases total employment by 0.75-0.82% and real output by 0.8%
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Kwak, Tae Woon. "International transmission of economic disturbances under floating exchange rates." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1278526152.
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Гладченко, Оксана Робертівна, Оксана Робертовна Гладченко, Oksana Robertivna Hladchenko, and I. S. Marekha. "Air quality management within the international economic relations framework." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17155.
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Грищенко, Олена Федорівна, Елена Федоровна Грищенко, Olena Fedorivna Hryshchenko, et al. "Ecological factor in regulation of Ukrainian international economic relations." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8451.
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Ільяшенко, Анастасія, and Anastasiia Ilyashenko. "Global challenges in the system of international economic relations." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43560.
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Abstracts are devoted to the study of global challenges of the 21st century. Now, the question arises of international cooperation and interaction in times of crisis that affect the economic capacity of individual countries, regions and the whole world. It would seem that under the influence of globalization processes all the countries of the world should establish channels of cooperation and become competitive. But since 2020, there has been an increasing need for new solutions to global problems and for new approaches to deal with critical situations.
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Oladi, Gholamreza. "Three essays in international economics." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36784.
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In international economics literature, different variants of the Nash equilibrium have been used to formulate strategic and retaliative behavior. However, the negotiation process underlying the Nash equilibrium does not capture the notion of retaliation properly. We use the "contingent threat situation" (Greenberg, 1990) to reformulate three different international economic environments.<br>First, a two-country, two-commodity model of trade is considered to reformulate the tariff retaliations. It is known that tariff retaliations lead to a Nash equilibrium outcome, a non-free trade outcome. We show, in the framework of the "theory of social situations", that the free trade equilibrium is supported by a "stable standard of behavior".<br>Second, the basic two-country, single commodity model is employed to formulate the interactive and retaliatory policies regarding the choice between foreign investment and immigration. Considering three different strategic environments, we investigate the outcomes supported by "stable standards of behavior" under these strategic scenarios. We also provide a critical examination of Jones-Coelho-Easton's proposition (Jones, Coelho, and Easton, 1986).<br>Third, a simple model of international debt is formulated using a strategic form game. In the game, a country in financial crisis and on the verge of default is requesting a new loan, and a bank, with exposure to the foreign country's debt, contemplates whether it should issue the new loan. We show that "issue a new loan" and "not default", a Pareto optimum pair of strategies, is stable. Interestingly, we get this result by using a non-cooperative negotiation process, offered by the "individual contingent threat situation".
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Lee, Khang Min. "Interaction between financial and real decisions in an international economy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25089.pdf.
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Chang, Joseph. "The Gift that Keeps Giving: FDI Inflows in China." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/123.
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This paper investigates the primacy of foreign direct investment inflows in liberalizing China’s economy and whether the long-term gains from economic openness will justify its inefficient energy uses and growing regional income disparities. By examining the history of FDI inflows in China, it becomes evident that FDI inflows were an instrumental part in institutional and technological development in China. I extend the argument to take into account how these developed infrastructures react to China’s growing energy demand in light of a shrinking world supply. Lastly, I perform a meta-analysis on the Environmental Kuznets Curve theory and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis, to examine if there are negative environmental outcomes from FDI inflows. I find that the technological effect of FDI inflows tend to result in long-run improvements under most circumstances.
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Muniz, Blanca P. "EEC strategies towards Latin America : hegemony and international economic relations." Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328998.
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Dumitrascu, Radu. "Corporate-adaptation in international public relations." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3156.
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Thesis (M.A.)--George Mason University, 2008.<br>Vita: p. 72. Thesis director: Tim Gibson. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Communication. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 18, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-71). Also issued in print.
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Wick, Shelley D. "Constructing Threat: How Americans Identify Economic Competitors." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/860.
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China’s emergence as an economic powerhouse has often been portrayed as threatening to America’s economic strength and to its very identity as “the global hegemon.” The media’s alarmist response to an economic competitor is familiar to those who remember US-Japanese relations in the 1980s. In order to better understand the basis of American threat perception, this study explores the independent and interactive impact of three variables (perceptions of the Other’s capabilities, perceptions of the Other as a threat versus as an opportunity, and perceptions of the Other’s political culture) on attitudes toward two different economic competitors (Japan 1977-1995 and China 1985-2011). Utilizing four methods (historical process tracing, public polling data analysis, social scientific experimentation, and content analysis), this study demonstrates that increases in the Other’s economic capabilities have a much smaller impact on attitudes than is commonly believed. It further shows that while perceptions of threat/opportunity played a significant role in shaping attitudinal response toward Japan, perceptions of political culture are the most important factor driving attitudes toward China today. This study contributes to a better understanding of how states react to threats and construct negative images of their economic rivals. It also helps to explain the current Sino-American relationship and enables better predictions as to its potential future course. Finally, these findings contribute to cultural explanations of the democratic peace phenomenon and provide a boundary condition (political culture) for the liberal proposition that opportunity ameliorates conflict in the economic realm.
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‘Mokose, ‘Manapo. "The Belt and Road Initiative: Implications for Economic Development in Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32869.
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This study examines the possible impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on economic development in Africa. Launched in October of 2013, the initiative was established to alleviate trade and investment bottlenecks between the more than 65 countries that are signed on to it as member states. In 2017, it became the centrepiece of China's foreign economic policy and the filter through which all of its commercial ties with external actors would be pursued, framed, or determined. It is expected that when fully operationalized, the initiative will restructure China's ties with other countries. The study analyses the possible repercussions of that restructuring, focusing on its relationship with Africa. Since consolidating their commercial relationship in the early 1990s, China has played a vital role in developing Africa's economy. With the operationalisation of the BRI, its capacity or interest to maintain that role will be modified. Depending on the changes that emerge, and given its deep economic reliance on Beijing, Africa must prepare for both positive and negative implications for its economies. The study examines these implications. It notes, among others, the upgrades Africa stands to gain to its industrial structure and business environment. It also highlights potential losses, including the hit that Africa's revenue earnings might take and the heightened competition that local industries will be exposed to because of the liberalisation that the BRI pursues. Ultimately, the study advises that what outcomes arise – be they positive or negative – will depend on how well or sufficiently the continent positions itself to moderate the negative impact of the BRI on its economies. In the concluding chapter, the study makes recommendations on how Africa might facilitate or magnify projected benefits stemming from the BRI.
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Guichard, Pamela. "Arbitrage commercial international et intérêts étatiques. Avantages de la convention d'arbitrage internationale mixte." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3001.
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L’arbitrage commercial international dans lequel une des parties est étatique est aussi actuel que décrié. Les tribunaux étatiques doivent renoncer à leur pouvoir d’appréciation de la validité légale et de l’efficacité de la convention d’arbitrage commerciale internationale, même si cette dernière n’est pas conforme à leur droit national. On comprend facilement les problèmes de légitimité que pose cette convention vis-à-vis de l’État partie. La question des intérêts étatiques dans l’arbitrage commercial international représente des enjeux non seulement juridiques mais également économiques importants pour les États. Notre première partie est dédiée à l’étude des instruments juridiques favorisant, dans l’intérêt des États, l’extension de la validité de la convention d’arbitrage à l’égard de la personne publique ; tandis que la seconde partie aborde les délicates questions, soulevées lors de différends engagés, qui tendent à remettre en cause la validité ou l’efficacité de la convention d’arbitrage, en raison d’allégations par la personne publique, de violations de certaines normes juridiques internes ou de certains changements politiques ou économiques. Depuis quelques décennies, la jurisprudence et la doctrine françaises prônent le fait que la convention d’arbitrage insérée dans un contrat international a une efficacité et une validité propres. Nos recherches nous ont permis de trouver le corps de règles et de principes fondant le cadre juridique de la convention d’arbitrage véritablement détachée de tout lien national avec les autorités et les droits nationaux, en démontrant par ailleurs l’inefficacité récurrente de solutions recherchées sur le terrain des conflits de lois de procédure ou par le recours aux tribunaux des États. Cette théorie est particulièrement mise en exergue lorsqu’une personne publique est partie à un arbitrage commercial international. Nous analysons de manière critique pour les intérêts des États, le recours à la protection diplomatique comme voie de substitution à l’inefficacité ou l’invalidité de la convention d’arbitrage. Le recours à l’exercice de la protection diplomatique est un recours extrêmement subjectif, car dépendant à la fois du jugement arbitraire de l’état protecteur par rapport à son ressortissant et de la puissance de cet État sur la scène internationale. Les opérateurs économiques ne sont pas en situation d’égalité lorsqu’il s’agit de juger de la bonne ou mauvaise exécution des obligations contractuelles relevant d’un contrat international, puisqu’il n’est plus question d’un recours objectif grâce au droit, mais une question de puissance entre États. D’autant plus que l’exercice de la protection diplomatique a souvent amené des conflits interétatiques. Notre thèse défend la légitimité, la pertinence et les avantages de la convention d’arbitrage à travers le kaléidoscope de nombreuses sources juridiques internationales et au regard de la prévalence des intérêts étatiques. Même si cela peut paraître a priori paradoxal, il n’y a aucun paradoxe pour les États à s’engager de manière conventionnelle à renoncer aux pouvoirs discrétionnaires des juridictions nationales, au contraire les relations économiques internationales sont basées sur la confiance, la moralité et la loyauté, et l’arbitrage commercial international atteint cet objectif en offrant une voie de recours internationale judiciaire objective pour les deux parties<br>The international commercial arbitration in which one party is a State party is as current as criticized. The State courts may have to give up exercising their discretion of the legal validity and the efficacy of the international commercial arbitration agreement, even if the latter does not conform to their national law. It is easy to understand the problem of legitimacy posed by this agreement opposite to the State party. The question of State interest in international commercial arbitration represents not only important legal issues but also economic issues for the State. The first part is dedicated to the study of the legal instruments favoring, in the interest of the State, the extension of the validity of the arbitration agreement towards the State; whereas the second part deals with the delicate questions raised during disputes which call into question the validity or the efficacy of the arbitration agreement, due to the allegations made by the public entity based on violations of certain national legal provisions or changes in economic or political circumstances. For a few decades, the jurisprudence and the French doctrine advocate that the arbitration agreement in an international contract has its own efficacy and validity. Our legal research has revealed the body of rules and principles basing the legal framework of the arbitration agreement detached of some link with authorities and with the national law. At the same time, we demonstrate the repeating ineffectiveness of the remedies sought on the ground of the conflicts of procedural legislations or by recourse to State court. This theory is particularly underlined when a public entity is a party to an international commercial arbitration. We critically analyze for the State interest, the exercise of diplomatic protection as a substitute remedy against the inefficiency or invalidity of the arbitration agreement. The exercise of diplomatic protection is highly subjective, because it depends simultaneously on the arbitrary judgment of the protective State with respect to its national and to the power of this State on the international scene. The economic operators are not on an equal footing while it is a question to rule the proper or improper performance of contractual obligations based on an international contract, because it is no longer a matter of an objective remedy through the right, but a matter of power between the States. This is all the more the case as the exercise of diplomatic protection has often leaded to inter-state conflicts. Our thesis defends the legitimacy, pertinence and advantages of the arbitration agreement through the kaleidoscope of many international legal sources and with regard to the prevalence of State interest. However paradoxical that might seem a priori, there is no paradox for the State to engage itself in a conventional manner to waive its discretionary power of domestic jurisdiction. On the contrary, the international economic relations are based on trust, morality and loyalty, and international commercial arbitration achieved that goal by providing an effective international judicial remedy for both parties
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Garnyk, Liudmyla Petrivna, Y. P. Vitkovskyi, I. I. Snihurova, and O. O. Mishchenko. "Guanxi: Chinese social networks building in prism of international economic relations." Thesis, ВД "Гельветика", 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/49189.
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Sharpe, Marie F. "Tourism in Peru the missing strategy for economic and social development." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FSharpe_Marie.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Kent Eaton. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78). Also available in print.
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Nyoni, Shuvai Busuman. "African democracy at a crossroads : structural adjustment, economic crisis and political turbulence in Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3705.
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Malek, Mansour Jeoffrey H. G. "Three essays in international economics." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210878.
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This thesis consists in a collection of research works dealing with various aspects of International Economics. More precisely, we focus on three main themes: (i) the existence of a world business cycle and the implications thereof, (ii) the likelihood of asymmetric shocks in the Euro Zone resulting from fluctuations in the euro exchange rate because of differences in sector specialization patterns and some consequences of such shocks, and (iii) the relationship between trade openness and growth influence of the sector specialization structure on that relationship.<p><p>Regarding the approach pursued to tackle these problems, we have chosen to strictly remain within the boundaries of empirical (macro)economics - that is, applied econometrics. Though we systematically provide theoretical models to back up our empirical approach, our only real concern is to look at the stories the data can (or cannot) tell us. As to the econometric methodology, we will restrict ourselves to the use of panel data analysis. The large spectrum of techniques available within the panel framework allows us to utilize, for each of the problems at hand, the most suitable approach (or what we think it is).<br>Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Curtain, Joseph W. "Economic and security reasons why the U.S. should normalize relations with Cuba." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483591.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Western Hemisphere))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Giraldo, Jeanne. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 22, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-72). Also available in print.
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Zhang, Shuxiu. "The dragonomic diplomacy (De)code : a study on the causal relationship between Chinese economic diplomacy preference formation and the influence of multilateral economic regimes." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/747/.
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Since the reformation of the Chinese economy, two notable trends have developed. First, the growing prominence of multilateral economic regimes (MERs) on the political agenda of Beijing has propelled deepened engagements between Chinese policy actors and institutions, and the agencies of MERs. This development is accompanied by a second trend, which is a growing dynamism in China’s economic diplomacy within the multilateral arenas. This dynamism is reflected in the evolving national preferences and approaches for multilateral economic negotiations, from outright resistance to gradual flexibility, and in some cases, acceptance. The simultaneous and parallel developments of these two trends stem a curiosity on whether a causal relationship exist between the deepened China-MER engagements and the dynamism of China’s economic diplomacy. Has Beijing’s open-door policy to global economic integration opened new windows of opportunity for the MER agencies to influence China’s economic diplomacy and its preference formation? In what way(s) and/or in which capacities can the agencies of MERs assert influence on China’s economic diplomacy preference formation? Under what conditions is this form of external influence successful? What are the long-run implications of the deepened China-MER engagements on Beijing’s economic diplomacy preference formation structure? What does the China-MER relationship tell us about China’s economic diplomacy preference formation in the 21st century? Although China’s partake in the international political economy has received much scholarly attention, few studies have attempted to decode China’s economic diplomacy preference formation, and even fewer have investigated the important nexus between the China-MER relationship and the behaviours of Chinese economic diplomacy. This thesis is a response to the knowledge deficit in these regards. By examining China’s participation in the multilateral climate change, and trade 4 negotiations, the thesis addresses the primary research question, how do multilateral economic regimes and their agencies influence China’s economic diplomacy preference formation? The study finds that the MER agencies do affect Chinese economic diplomacy preference formation. However, their influence peaks at an absorption level whereby Chinese preferences adapt to external preferences but not to the extent of reforming traditional principles and beliefs. The comparatively more effective ways of asserting influence for the MER agencies is through a costs-and-benefits calculus, information dissemination, shuttle diplomacy proximity talks, and informal negotiation practices. In general, Chinese policy actors do not refute the influence of the MER agencies; rather they absorb and adapt to it. In addition, the MER agencies assert influence at different stages of the preference formation, and over time, implicitly establish themselves as integrated policy actors in Beijing. On the whole, this thesis contributes to a deeper understanding about how, why, and when international linkages matter in China’s economic diplomacy, and to the extent of driving preference transformation. The study provides useful analytic lenses that flesh out the variety of functions the MER agencies have in shaping and informing China’s national preferences and negotiation approaches. At the same time, it offers a fuller description of how the Chinese policy actors and institutions respond to (implicit) external interventions in its policy processes. Consequently, this thesis is a significant contribution that adds value to the scholarly debates and knowledge-building about one of the most important political and economic phenomenon of our time.
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Ranieri, Rafael. "Thinking Situationally About the Role of International Institutions: The Dynamics of Change in the International System and the Role of the World Trade Organization." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337288780.
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Shiffman, Cari. "Economic incentives and restrictions as enforcement mechanisms in international environmental agreements." Thesis, Boston University, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27768.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>2031-01-02
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Woldemariam, Kasahun Reta. "A comparative case study of private investment and economic development in Ethiopia and Tanzania, 1986-1996." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2000. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/482.
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This study examined the contribution of foreign direct investment to economic development in Ethiopia and Tanzania from 1986 to 1996. Data for this study were obtained from the Ethiopian Investment Authority in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and the Tanzanian Investment Promotion Centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Other publications including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the United Nations Human Development Programme were also consulted. Using exploratory research method, this undertaking compared and contrasted foreign investment flows and the conditions under which the transfer of capital and technology help achieve the development objectives of the two countries. It also analyzed the investment policies and the role ofthe state in the transformation of the economies of Ethiopia and Tanzania. The results of the study suggest that the expectation that foreign technology and capital are necessary to transform the economies of Ethiopia and Tanzania is not fully confirmed. Moreover, the results of the study suggest that the investment policies were not reflective of the countries’ unique economic conditions. Additionally, the transformation of these economies from underdevelopment to development may be enhanced by strengthening the capacity of the state to build the human capital stock, provide reliable communication systems, and regulate anti-competitive practices.
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Hollstein, Till Ferdinand. "Essays on Industrial Policy, Structural Change, and International Trade." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663253.
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The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the impact of patterns of trade on the structural composition of an economy. We show that trade affects an economy’s productivity by shifting labor across broad sectors and reallocating resources across firms within sectors.
In the first chapter, we examine how the introduction of a labor subsidy in the manufacturing sector affects manufacturing employment in a Ricardian trade model. Furthermore, the trade-off between subsidy distortions, dynamic productivity gains in the manufacturing sector and gains from trade are examined. We derive a critical labor subsidy. If a labor subsidy is larger than this critical subsidy, TFP growth in the manufacturing sector is higher than in the agricultural sector and the economy industrializes. Accelerated TFP growth can outweigh the welfare reducing distortions of labor subsidies in the long run.
In the second chapter, we investigate the role of quality of traded goods. We analyze a U.S. import data set and show that firms within a sector may find it profitable to export different quality levels and the quality of exported goods is bimodally distributed within these sectors. We address these results by extending the standard heterogeneous firms trade model with endogenous intermediate input quality choice and assuming that there exists quality complementarity between a firm’s capability and their choice of intermediate input quality.
In the third chapter, we examine the interrelationship between patterns of trade and premature deindustrialization. We develop a multi-sector two-economy model that allows for inter- and intra- industry trade and find an additional channel through which a developing economy may deindustrialize. Manufacturing production requires intermediate inputs that must be imported from high-income economies. The foreign technology embodied in those inputs reduces the relative price of manufactured goods over services. This effect is independent of trade openness in the manufacturing sector.
Summarizing, the thesis emphasizes the role of international trade on economic growth, structural composition, and firm selection and studies the consequences of their interdependence.
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Langlois, Francis. "Gravity, good governance, political affinity, economic interests and food aid : do categories and delivery modes matter?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27727/27727.pdf.
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Puisque les programmes d’aide alimentaire peuvent atténuer les conséquences malheureuses des pénuries alimentaires survenant dans certains pays, leur importance est capitale. Mais, quelles sont les facteurs conditionnant le volume d’aide alimentaire envoyé aux pays potentiellement receveurs ? Cette étude novatrice répondra à ces questions en appliquant le modèle gravitationnel, habituellement utilisé pour expliquer le commerce international, au schème de distribution de l’aide alimentaire internationale. En effet, en considérant les 15 plus gros programmes nationaux de dons alimentaires, cette étude teste l’impact de la distance entre les donateurs et les receveurs ainsi que celui de la population de ces derniers sur la décision d’envoyer ou non de l’aide alimentaire. De plus, ce mémoire exposera de nouvelles hypothèses jusqu'à présent omises par la littérature et proposera une méthodologie plus efficace pour étudier le phénomène. Entre autres, nous trouvons que la gravité, la bonne gouvernance, les besoins, les affinités politiques et les intérêts économiques influencent l’élaboration du schème de distribution de l’aide alimentaire, mais que leur influence varie selon la catégorie et le moyen de livraison de l’aide alimentaire. De plus, nous trouvons que lorsque les donneurs donnent de la nourriture de leur propre production, ils prennent moins en compte le fait qu’ils aident un pays ami ou un pays économiquement fermé puisqu’ils aident leur propre économie.<br>Since food aid can mitigate the unfortunate consequences of food shortages in certain countries, the importance of such programs is crucial. However, what are the factors conditioning the volume of food aid sent to potential recipient countries? This innovative study will answer this question by applying the gravity model, often used to explain international trade patterns in distribution of international food aid. Indeed, in considering the 15 largest national programs of food donations, this study will test the impact of the distance between donators and receivers, as well as the impact of the populations of each, on the decision to send or not to send food aid. In addition, this thesis will outline new hypotheses that have been hitherto omitted from the literature, and will propose a more efficient methodology to study the phenomenon. Among others we find that gravity, good governance, needs, political affinity and economic interests matter in the food aid distribution patterns but that their influence vary across food aid categories and delivery modes. We also find that when donors give food from their own production they are less fussy about whether they are helping a friendly country or an economically closed country because in fact they are helping their own economy.
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Yuvaci, Abdullah. "International Politics, Special Interests and Foreign Trade Policy: A Study of Turkish-American Textile Trade Relations." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1271800423.
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Shirazi, Fazlollah Bonakdar. "An Empirical Assessment of the Center-Periphery Hypothesis in International Economic Relations." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1206.
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There are two leading perspectives on trade and economic development: the classical view based on the ideas of free trade and comparative advantage, which regards the international division of labor through free trade as supporting economic development; and the dependency theory view regards the international division of labor as an obstacle to the economic development of the now underdeveloped countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate hypotheses advanced by dependency theory, and, more particularly, by Galtung's Structural Theory of Imperialism. According to Galtung's theory, the world is divided into center and periphery countries, themselves divided into center and periphery sectors. The distinction between center and periphery is based on differences among nations in trade partner concentration, export commodity concentration, vertical trade, and quality of life. A periphery country is said to have most of its trade with one center country, while a center country IS free to trade with many partners. A periphery country tends to export a small number of primary products, while a center country has a greater diversity of exports, which are principally manufactured goods. These factors reflect a dependence of the periphery on the center and produce a gap in the quality of life between the two. The synchronic properties of the center-periphery relationship are tested for 127 countries for the years 1962, 1970, and 1980 with bivariate correlation calculations among ten variables: 1- Trade Partner Concentration (EPC), 2- Total Trade Linkages (TTL), 3- Import Partner Concentration (IPC), 4- Export Commodity Concentration (ECC), 5- Import Commodity Concentration (ICC), 6- Vertical Trade (VT), 7- Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), 8- Percent share of GOP in Agriculture (AGR/GDP), 9- GNP per capita (GNP), and 10- Export Dependency (ED). The diachronic properties of the world system at the regional and global levels are investigated by: 1- developing export trade hierarchies to identify center and associated periphery countries; 2- comparing regional and global averages for the national variables; 3- conducting decomposition analysis of export/import activity to assess diversities within and among regions; and 4- calculating system-wide variables, Global Polarization (GP) and Global Concentration (GC), based also on import/export data. At the national level, all hypothesized relationships among the ten variables are confirmed (are statistically significant at the .05 level), except for all relationships involving ICC and some relationships involving ED. The ICC results support the contention of Michaely that import and export commodity concentrations are positively correlated, in contradiction to assertions made by Leontief. All correlations between TPC, ECC, VT, and POLl agree with the propositions of dependency theory. At the regional level, the study reveals the continued existence of differences between the industrialized region and the other regions of the world, despite improvements for some regions in some variables (e.g., EPC, VT, and POLl). Regions are more homogeneous with respect to member countries than the world is with respect to regions. At the global level five major hierarchies (United States, United Kingdom, France, West Germany, and Soviet Union) are identified. From 1962 to 1980, the United States' hierarchy grew, mostly at the expense of that of the United Kingdom. Japan's hierarchy, nonexistent in 1962, emerged strongly by 1980. The systemic variables, GP and GC showed moderate to high, but constant, levels. No clear trend is apparent over this study period for the world system as a whole. While global averages and averages for the non-industrialized regions show changes in many variables in the direction of reduced world system differentiation, the systemic variables and the results of the decomposition analysis show constancy over time. However, an increased differentiation is suggested by GNP I capita data. In summary, although systemic changes over time are complex and individual countries may show ascent or decline, the general pattern of differentiation between center and periphery, as proposed by Galtung and others, holds true for the post World War II period.
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Venteicher, Jerome Felix Drury A. Cooper. "What economic sanctions signal cheap talk, or putting your money where your mouth is? /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6164.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb. 15, 2010 ). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. A. Cooper Drury. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Davis, Kenneth Thomas. "Grounded Labels from the Behavioral International Economic Development Growth Path Model on Economic Development Patterns from 2002-2012." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1131.
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Economic models generally fail to adequately measure positive and negative growth paths in development through agrarian, industry, and service economies. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to design a new model that could accommodate both directions of growth and better measure development paths with particular attention to labors contributions. The theoretical foundation for this study was Walt Whitman Rostow's 5 economic stages of growth classifications. This Study attempted to find the most common economic growth path. While most development models use three to five classifications, this study used nine new classifications giving it a unique and specific look at international development. The two model indicators used were gross domestic product composition by sector (the economic success of the system) and labor force occupation by sector (labors activity to help define behavior of the system). The sample included data from 279 nations from the CIA World Factbook. A systematic method of analysis was used in the open, axial, and selective theoretical coding phases. The key findings reveal 9 distinct growth phases, 15 identified growth paths, and 4 distinct path clusters which helps measure and define development behavior. This analysis resulted in building upon Rostow's original observations. The implications for social change show that policy makers can benefit from using this new model, named the behavioral international economic development growth path model, to provide improved decision making measurements related to agrarian, service, and industry sectors of the economy. In addition, public administrators in developing nations may benefit from a better understanding of more specific development paths, probabilities of path movement, and comparison of policies from same classification nations.
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Steen-Sprang, Louise Marie. "Protecting economic reform by seeking membership in liberal international organizations." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1061306349.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 315 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Brian M. Pollins, Dept. of Political Science. Includes bibliographical references (p. 342-381).
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Le, Guen Delphine. "Merger control in the European Economic Community." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56895.
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The present thesis analyzes merger control in the European Economic Community, a topical domain on the eve of the completion of the internal market. After a definition according to three approaches (traditional, geographical, quantitative), the provisions of the Rome Treaty on competition law (articles 85 and 86) are elaborated upon, to underline the reinforcement of the Commission's control powers since the entry into force of Council Regulation N$ sp circ$4064/89, in September 1990. The air transport industry has been chosen to illustrate the concept of a priori control of concentrations and its modalities of application in different economic policies.<br>Jurisprudence and various regulations have promoted the application of EEC competition law to the air transport industry, and have contributed recently to the emergence of a common policy in this field. The Aerospatiale/de Havilland decision constitutes the first dismissal of a concentration notification, since the entry into force of the new provisions. It confirms the wide scope of the Commission's powers in the control of competition.
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Yao, Ning. "BRICS cooperation mechanism and its impacts on global economic governance." Thesis, University of Macau, 2015. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3335238.
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Karasseva, Olga. "Enjeux et perspectives du partenariat entre la Russie et l'UE : Institutionnalisation des relations et échanges économiques." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0022.
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L’intérêt à l’égard des relations économiques entre la Russie et l’Union européenne s’est accentué au cours des années 2000. L’interdépendance économique accrue entre les deux partenaires témoigne de l’importance de cette relation et justifie l’intérêt tant pour son architecture institutionnelle que pour ses conséquences de long terme. Notre démarche consiste à interroger la façon dont ce partenariat se construit sur la base des nouvelles propriétés convergentes entre la Russie et de l’Europe. Cela nous permet de mieux caractériser le rapport entre l’architecture institutionnelle et la dynamique « de facto » des échanges économiques au sein de ce partenariat qui, lui, tient compte de l’évolution des besoins économiques internes des deux partenaires. On est ramenés donc ici à aborder la question du développement économique interne de la Russie. Traiter ce dernier aspect à la lumière de l’évolution des relations Russie-Europe, en particulier à un moment où celles-ci sont grevées par l’hypothèque énergétique et des divergences d’ordre politique, peut paraître paradoxal. Toutefois, la prise en compte de la configuration de ces relations semble être pertinente à plus d’un titre et permet de constater que les échanges économiques entre l’UE et la Russie constituent la première étape d’un processus inéluctable de réalisation des objectifs de développement de long terme des deux partenaires. Les enjeux sont donc manifestes tant pour l’avenir de l’Europe que pour celui de la Russie. Largement lié à la question énergétique, ce partenariat est accompagné d’une ambition originale qui rappelle le vieux rêve d’une Eurasie fondée sur la relation de deux entités à vocation fédérale. Cependant, la forme même que prendrait cette Eurasie ainsi que ses limites posent problème. Ainsi, notre travail interroge la nature de ce modèle inédit de relations internationales, qui aurait la grande originalité de reposer exclusivement sur un équilibre institutionnel. Aussi, nous nous intéressons à la pertinence du qualificatif « partenariat » que l’on a l’habitude d’attribuer aux relations Russie-UE, pour voir s’il n’est pas plus approprié de parler d’une union politique régionale comme solution alternative à la globalisation. Enfin, ce travail entend fournir un cadre méthodologique original nécessaire à l’étude des relations particulières entre la Russie et l’Union européenne dans une perspective dynamique<br>The interest regarding economic links between Russia and The European Union has considerably increased during the 2000s. The greater economic interdependence between the two partners is a sign of the importance of this relationship and justifies such an interest as much in its institutional architecture as in the long-term consequences. Our approach is to question the way this partnership is being built, based on new common assets between Russia and Europe. This allow us to better characterise the rapport between institutional architecture and the ‘de facto’ economic exchanges within this partnership, that take into account the evolution of domestic economic needs of both partners. The leads us, therefore, to address the question of Russian domestic economic development. Treating this last aspect in the light of the evolution of Russian-European relationships, particularly at a time when they are strained by the energy hypothesis and divergences of a political order, may seem paradoxical. However, examining the shaping of these relationships seems pertinent for several reasons and enables us to conclude that economic exchanges between the EU and Russia are the first stage in the necessary process towards achieving both partners’ long-term development goals. The stakes are apparent for the future of both Europe and Russia. Strongly linked to the energy question, this partnership is accompanied by an original ambition reminiscent of the old Eurasian dream, founded on the relationship between two entities with a federal vocation. However, the shape that this Eurasia might take, and its limits, pose a problem. Thus, our work questions the nature of this new model of international relations, which would be very original, based exclusively on an institutional equilibrium. We are also interested in the pertinence of the term ‘partnership’ that we tend to use to define Russian-EU relationships, to see if it might not be more appropriate to talk about a regional political union as an alternative solution to globalisation. Lastly, this study intends to propose an original methodical framework necessary for studying specific relationships between Russia and the European Union with a perspective for growth
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Mirzoev, Tokhir. "Essays in monetary and international economics." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1116422106.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 113 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-113). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Shen, Hong 1967. "Economic integration in APEC and the role of China." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29941.
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The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional economic forum composed of 21 member economies of diverse cultural heritage and varying levels of economic development. By deliberately avoiding to become a formalized free trade arrangement like the EU or the NAFTA, APEC has committed to the principle of "open regionalism", meaning that liberalization achievements are not preferential to APEC members only. APEC has evolved rapidly since its formation in 1989. Begun as an informal dialogue group, APEC has expanded to become the primary vehicle for promoting open trade and economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region.<br>APEC is also one of the few multilateral economic organizations that actively embraces China as a committed partner in the global trade and investment dialogue. Economic reform and open door policies implemented over the last two decades have transformed China from a closed economy into a major trading power. China, which for more than a decade has unsuccessfully sought to join the GATT/WTO, finds APEC to be of immense symbolic and practical value. As a major member of APEC, China has made constructive role in the APEC process. With its dynamic economic growth and continuing economic reforms, China is poised to play an even greater role in APEC in the near future.
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D'Hollander, Juliette. "Economic sanctions as a means to enforce human rights." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23437.
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The United Nations Security Council has recently imposed economic sanctions against several states with the aim to protect human rights. Before the Second World War economic sanctions had been imposed under the Covenant of the League of Nations. It was, however, only with the creation of the United Nations and the evolution of international human rights law that economic sanctions have been imposed explicitly in the name of human rights. While the Security Council has ordered economic sanctions against Iraq, Haiti and the former Yugoslavia for their human rights violations, the thesis explores the reasons why the Council has not taken similar measures against other countries with comparable human rights records and concludes that, there exists a double standard. Another important issue examined concerns the collateral consequences of economic sanctions. More often than not, it is the civilian population that ends up enduring the harsh conditions that result from the sanctions. The thesis suggests that the economic sanctions imposed for human rights purposes may in fact result in the infringement of the basic human rights of the very population that they are intended to protect.
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Danna, Buitrago Jenny Paola. "L'intégration économique internationale de la Colombie (1990-2010) : une approche en termes d'économie politique internationale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00913260.
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L'ouverture de l'économie colombienne, décidée en 1990, fut présentée comme un promoteur de croissance et développement sur la base des exportations (et des Investissements Directs Etrangers). Cette thèse soutient que l'ouverture n'a pas été décidée afin de favoriser la croissance et le développement et que ces deux phénomènes n'ont pas été à la hauteur de ce qui était anticipé. Ce résultat est fondé sur une analyse en termes d'Economie Politique Internationale : les relations de pouvoir peuvent être utiles pour répondre à des questions d'ordre économique. Le premier chapitre montre que les caractéristiques structurelles de l'économie colombienne rendaient son ouverture impropre à générer croissance et développement sur la base des exportations. Cette proposition s'appuie sur l'analyse de la compétitivité sectorielle et des carences institutionnelles de l'économie colombienne, ainsi que sur l'accroissement potentiel des inégalités spatiales de développement suite à l'ouverture. Le deuxième chapitre s'attache alors à mettre en évidence que l'ouverture répond à des objectifs propres aux Etats-Unis. Ces objectifs sont à dominante économique (typiquement la création des débouchés extérieurs et l'accès à des matières premières) ou politique (lutte contre les guérillas d'inspiration communiste dans le cadre de la politique étrangère américaine). Le deuxième chapitre expose une série des moyens à la disposition des Etats-Unis afin d'obtenir l'ouverture du gouvernement colombien de l'époque. Ces moyens vont de la coercition (par exemple la menace de sanction) à la légitimation (favoriser l'élection d'un gouvernement pro-ouverture). Le troisième chapitre montre que l'ouverture n'a pas instauré un régime de croissance fondé sur les exportations. Au contraire, elle a instauré un régime instable fondé sur une dynamique spéculative sur les actifs immobiliers à partir des flux de capitaux étrangers venant nourrir l'achat de ces actifs à crédit. Lorsque ces capitaux finissent tôt ou tard par manquer, de tels achats sont pénalisés et viennent interrompre la dynamique. Celle-ci ne peut plus tirer la croissance via des effets d'entrainement du secteur de la construction sur le reste de l'économie. Mais pris au piège de la relation de pouvoir exercée par les Etats-Unis, le gouvernement colombien n'a pas cherché à stabiliser la conjoncture. Il a dû privilégier les dépenses en équipement militaire américain pour lutter contre les guérillas colombiennes. L'intensification subséquente du conflit armé a accentué la violence au sein du territoire. Il en résulta la destruction d'infrastructures, ainsi qu'une migration de travailleurs qualifiés. La récession en a été d'autant plus accentuée. Ainsi l'ouverture débouche-t-elle sur la pire crise économique du XXème siècle en Colombie, avec une récession de -5% en 1999. Le quatrième chapitre enquête sur les changements des structures de production et d'échange suite à l'ouverture, pour ainsi montrer que ces changements n'ont que peu favorisé le développement. La Colombie tend à négliger sa spécialisation internationale historique dans le café et la plupart des cultures transitoires (blé, riz, orge, sorgo, coton, etc.) pour privilégier d'autres cultures dont les effets positifs sur le développement sont moindres. Bien que les hydrocarbures et d'autres matières brutes bénéficient d'un certain potentiel d'exportation, le développement des territoires où l'extraction a lieu reste faible. Se pose en outre un problème de soutenabilité de l'extraction. Enfin, si l'industrie manufacturière a pu croitre au rythme du régime de croissance, elle le doit à la protection dont elle bénéficie encore dans le cadre du traitement différentiel des pays en développement à l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce et moins aux opportunités d'exportation données par l'ouverture. Le jour où ce traitement sera diminué voire supprimé, toute une partie de l'économie colombienne est menacée.
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Davis, Kenneth Thomas. "Grounded Labels from the Behavioral International Economic Development Growth Path Model on Economic Development Patterns from 2002-2012." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3619205.
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<p> Economic models generally fail to adequately measure positive and negative growth paths in development through agrarian, industry, and service economies. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to design a new model that could accommodate both directions of growth and better measure development paths with particular attention to labors contributions. The theoretical foundation for this study was Walt Whitman Rostow's 5 economic stages of growth classifications. This Study attempted to find the most common economic growth path. While most development models use three to five classifications, this study used nine new classifications giving it a unique and specific look at international development. The two model indicators used were gross domestic product composition by sector (the economic success of the system) and labor force occupation by sector (labors activity to help define behavior of the system). The sample included data from 279 nations from the CIA World Factbook. A systematic method of analysis was used in the open, axial, and selective theoretical coding phases. The key findings reveal 9 distinct growth phases, 15 identified growth paths, and 4 distinct path clusters which helps measure and define development behavior. This analysis resulted in building upon Rostow's original observations. The implications for social change show that policy makers can benefit from using this new model, named the behavioral international economic development growth path model, to provide improved decision making measurements related to agrarian, service, and industry sectors of the economy. In addition, public administrators in developing nations may benefit from a better understanding of more specific development paths, probabilities of path movement, and comparison of policies from same classification nations.</p>
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Ho, John B. "Abenomics’ First Arrow: The Effects of the Bank of Japan’s Quantitative and Qualitative Monetary Easing On Japan’s Economy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1080.
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In January 2013, the Japanese Government under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and the Bank of Japan launched a package of monetary and fiscal stimulus along with promises of structural economic reform called Abenomics. This paper examines the preliminary effects of the Bank of Japan’s Quantitative and Qualitative Monetary Easing (QQE), which forms the monetary component of Abenomics. Given the weak economic response to QQE so far, the study predicts that QQE has failed to make a significant impact on its target macroeconomic variables of inflation and output. The results confirm this hypothesis as increases in the monetary base have an insignificant effect on the Consumer Price Index and have little effect in changing the trajectory of output. The results of QQE so far mirror those of the Federal Reserve’s quantitative easing programs, during which expansion of the monetary base in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis failed to significantly raise output given the size of the stimulus. Abenomics, however, continues to be implemented, making the results presented in this paper inconclusive.
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Galgau, Olivia. "Essays in international economics and industrial organization." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210773.
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The aim of the thesis is to further explore the relationship between economic integration and firm mobility and investment, both from an empirical and a theoretical perspective, with the objective of drawing conclusions on how government policy can be used to strengthen the positive impact of integration on investment, which is crucial in moving and maintaining countries at the forefront of the technology frontier and accelerating economic growth in a world of rapid technical change and high mobility of ideas, goods, services, capital and labor.<p>The first chapter aims to bring together the literature on economic integration, firm mobility and investment. It contains two sections: one dedicated to the literature on FDI and the second covering the literature on firm entry and exit, economic performance and economic and business regulation.<p>In the second chapter I examine the relationship between the Single Market and FDI both in an intra-EU context and from outside the EU. The empirical results show that the impact of the Single Market on FDI differs substantially from one country to another. This finding may be due to the functioning of institutions.<p>The third chapter studies the relationship between the level of external trade protection put into place by a Regional Integration Agreement(RIA)and the option of a firm from outside the RIA block to serve the RIA market through FDI rather than exports. I find that the level of external trade protection put in place by the RIA depends on the RIA country's capacity to benefit from FDI spillovers, the magnitude of set-up costs of building a plant in the RIA and on the amount of external trade protection erected by the country from outside the reigonal block with respect to the RIA.<p>The fourth chapter studies how the firm entry and exit process is affected by product market reforms and regulations and impact macroeconomic performance. The results show that an increase in deregulation will lead to a rise in firm entry and exit. This in turn will especially affect macroeconomic performance as measured by output growth and labor productivity growth. The analysis done at the sector level shows that results can differ substantially across industries, which implies that deregulation policies should be conducted at the sector level, rather than at the global macroeconomic level.<br>Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Knoetze, Christopher. "Feasting on foreign aid : a political economic examination of foreign aid's potential role in perpetuating chronic hunger and starvation in Malawi." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20050.
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Foreign aid to Malawi has the ability to perpetuate the country's fifteen-year long hunger crisis. For millions of Malawians, chronic starvation is attributable to their inability to access food available on internationalised markets. Bilateral foreign aid to the Southern African state is aimed at stimulating development which, if successful, should also lift the country beyond threat of chronic, long-term malnourishment for the poorest of its citizens. Donor's, however, measure developmental aid's success along a narrow set of indicators - such as economic growth - dictating the direction of policy for recipient nations wishing to maintain the inflow of aid. For Malawi, this is all but inevitable as foreign aid accounts for 40% of government revenue. As a result of this dependency on external income, Malawi's government has targeted economic growth in order to maintain its aid support. Economic growth in Malawi has been fuelled by public spending and is unsustainable in the long term. The rapid growth was accompanied by high levels of inflation and the further entrenchment of a perennial trade accounts deficit, leaving the national currency weak. In addition, the majority of public spending reinforces the country's economic identity of an agricultural state, ensuring that 90% of Malawians who rely on agriculture for an income will remain poor due to the imbalance of trade. The indirect perpetuation of an agricultural economy, alongside unsustainable and unstable growth, has led to a situation where most Malawians cannot afford to buy food.
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Arkhiiereiev, Sergii I. "Bilateral trade relation of Ukraine and Germany." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/45691.
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