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Journal articles on the topic 'International economic relatio'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 February 2023

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1

Strange, Susan. "Review: International Economics: Economic Statecraft." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 41, no. 4 (1986): 896–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070208604100415.

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2

Polad Mammadova, Zarifa. "THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND IN ECONOMIC RELATIONS." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 2 (2021): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/63/116-119.

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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that plays an important role in regulating the economy and aims to prevent the economic crisis by providing various loans to many developing countries. At the same time, one of the IMF's priority goals is to reduce poverty. The article clarifies the issues related to the regulation of economic relations between the IMF and its consequences, as well as examines the legal and factual aspects of this regulation. Key words: The International Monetary Fund, organization, governance, surveillance, financial and technical functions, poverty reduction

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3

Vveinhardt, Jolita, and Jūratė Kuklytė. "Suminio inovacijų indekso ir jį lemiančių veiksnių analizė Lietuvoje." Applied Economics: Systematic Research 10, no. 2 (2016): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/aesr.2335.8742.2016.10.2.2.

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4

Врублевська-Місюна, К. М. "ІННОВАЦІЙНЕ ІНВЕСТУВАННЯ В ПРОЦЕСАХ РОЗВИТКУ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ВІДНОСИН". Збірник наукових праць ХНПУ імені Г. С. Сковороди "Право", № 30 (2019): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/23121661.2019.30.09.

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This article describes the essence of intangible assets in the system of concepts that determine the features of international investment activity. It is established, that without attracting of foreign investment becomes impossible to increase the level of competitiveness of domestic products in the world market. The purpose of the article is to identify the nature, dynamics and specifics of innovative investment in the development of international economic relations. It is stated that in modern conditions of economic development, intangible assets start to acquire increasingly important role in the process of capitalizing the value of enterprises and will play a major role in the formation of companies soon. It was concluded, that given trends in information development, intangible assets are becoming more valuable for an enterprise in terms of generating additional value and capitalization growth of an enterprise. Now the state policy of innovation development is characterized by inconsistency, lack of clear concept of national innovation priorities and system approach to the development of innovation activity (national innovation system), however economic and legal relations are able to acquire maximum effectiveness in the case of investing economic activity through the transfer of innovative production.

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Augustine, Ujunwa, Okoyeuzu Chinwe, Igwe Anthony, and Wilfred Ukpere. "Economic and social issues related to foreign land grab and capacity building in Zambian Agricultural economy." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 4 (2016): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(4-1).2016.13.

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This paper focuses on the recent land grab in Zambia for agricultural investment. The paper explores the history of foreign land acquisition and shows the dynamics that led to the liberalization of land market in Zambia. The research argues that despite the negative effect of these investments, the government can leverage this opportunity to place the country on the trajectory of growth, especially in the area of capacity development through skill acquisition. This can be achieved by structuring the contract to contain some performance requirements that investors are expected to contribute to the local people. Keywords: land grab, foreign agricultural investment, capacity development. JEL Classification: Q1

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6

Naama, Karim. "Relation: National Security and Economic Development of The Republic of Iraq." Socio-Economic Analyses 14, no. 1 (2022): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54664/jblz1637.

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National security is a renewable concept with a growing complexity in the regional and international environment. It has moved from its narrow sense – military and political, – to a comprehensive and broad one. Research and economic studies on all of its aspects show that insecurity has significant consequences in all areas of the economy. In order to orient ourselves better, we need to look carefully at ways of perceiving the challenges to Iraq’s economic security and security as a necessary condition for the country’s development. There has been a lot of research on the state of Iraq by international and local organizations and institutions. Everyone has proven that the most serious challenge to development in Iraq is insecurity. In fact, with this material, we have to answer the main question: What is the reason for the decline of national security in the Republic of Iraq?

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7

O'Leary, James P. "Economic warfare and strategic economics." Comparative Strategy 5, no. 2 (1985): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495938508402688.

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8

Baines, Dudley. "Economics and economic policy." International Affairs 63, no. 4 (1987): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2619711.

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9

ALMONACID, RUBEN D., and GABRIEL A. SCRIMINI. "Preços relativos e competitividade externa." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 17, no. 2 (1997): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31571997-1036.

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RESUMO Nos últimos anos, o Brasil viu sua balança comercial deteriorar-se significativamente. Embora algumas pessoas tenham defendido esses resultados como um ingrediente necessário ao processo de estabilização e crescimento ora em curso, o fato de uma experiência semelhante, vivida pelo México, ter culminado em grave crise de dívida em dezembro de 1994, representa um sério alerta. Tentando diferenciar os dois casos, algumas pessoas argumentaram que as dificuldades mexicanas se originaram de uma transição política incorreta. Por outro lado, o presente trabalho sugere que, em ambos os casos, existe uma variável indicativa de incentivos econômicos, a saber “o preço relativo da moradia e dos bens comercializáveis”, que poderia explicar o comportamento da balança comercial. As regressões estimadas para os dois países documentam essa conclusão.

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10

Bräuninger, Michael, and Justus Haucap. "Was Ökonomen lesen und schätzen: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage." Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik 2, no. 2 (2001): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2516.00044.

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Abstract This paper summarizes the main results of a survey, which we conducted in May 2000 among German-speaking economists about their views on economics publications. Our results indicate that the world market for economics publications is not fully integrated across countries, but it appears to be at least partially segmented. Economics journals published in German-speaking countries appear to be relatively important for the work of German-speaking economists even though other journals have a better reputation among them. And although internationally reputed journals enjoy the highest reputation among Germanspeaking economists, domestic economic journals enjoy a higher reputation than would be justified according to international citation-based rankings. Especially older German-speaking economists tend to attach relatively high importance and reputation to domestic journals, while younger economists tend to favour international journals that focus on certain subfields of economics.

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11

Simionescu, Mihaela. "THE RELATION BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DURING THE ECONOMIC CRISIS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu / Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics: Journal of Economics and Business 34, no. 1 (2016): 187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2016.1.187.

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12

Okano-Heijmans, Maaike. "Conceptualizing Economic Diplomacy:The Crossroads of International Relations, Economics, IPE and Diplomatic Studies." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 6, no. 1-2 (2011): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119111x566742.

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AbstractThis article introduces both a conceptual and an analytical framework of economic diplomacy so as to contribute to sounder understanding of economic diplomacy’s activities, tools and goals. While the state is not regarded as the only player, or as a coherent entity, it is assumed that the state is the primary actor in economic diplomacy. The conceptual framework discerns five strands of economic diplomacy, which involve tools and purposes that are relatively more commercial/economic or political in character and are thereby closer to the ‘business end’ or ‘power-play end’ of economic diplomacy. The analytical framework identifies four essential dimensions of economic diplomacy within which historically contingent change may occur: the context; tools; theatres; and processes. Interaction between these dimensions takes place in multiple ways. Building on the insights provided by these frameworks, the article analyses the foci, assumptions and methodologies of the research fields that are concerned with economic diplomacy, and discusses the strategic and ideological considerations that underpin it.

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13

Hilpold, P. "Review: International Economic Law * Andreas F. Lowenfeld: International Economic Law." European Journal of International Law 15, no. 3 (2004): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/15.3.593.

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14

Farrands, Christopher. "International economic cooperation." International Affairs 66, no. 2 (1990): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621380.

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15

Mistri, Maurizio. "International Economic Institutions, Institutional Complementarities and Institutionalized Linkages. The International Trade Case." STUDI ECONOMICI, no. 101 (March 2011): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ste2010-101004.

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This paper analyses the forces at the base of the formation processes of international economic institutions following the fundamental New Institutional Economics (NIE) approach. In particular, the paper assumes that new international economic institutions respond to a principle of procedural rationality. This principle indicates that the formation of institutions takes place in an environment dominated by the bounded rationality of agents that produce institutions based on procedural knowledge accumulated over time. Particular attention is dedicated to the relationship between institutional innovation and economic growth. Specialized institutions stem from this relation, on par with the real economy, and generate more and more complex institutional systems. Within the institutionalist approach to the formation of institutions, the paper highlights Aoki's concepts on "institutionalized linkages" and "institutional complementarity"; these concepts are then correlated to Schelling's "strategy decomposition" concept; subsequently the forces that lead to institutional changes (Aoki and North) are analyzed. Specifically, in light of North's approach, conditions are analyzed that determine changes in institutions governing international trade relations deriving from changes in some structural dimensions such as relative price systems. These changes are possible since governments can renegotiate original agreements giving rise to compensations.

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Agarwal, Manmohan. "International Economic Management." China Report 43, no. 2 (2007): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944550704300205.

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17

Puig, Sergio. "Debiasing International Economic Law." European Journal of International Law 30, no. 4 (2019): 1339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chaa001.

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Abstract A flourishing number of bodies evaluate the conduct of government officials against broad standards, decide complex questions of scientific probity and calculate the present value of past decisions. The effects of implicit biases (systematic patterns of deviation from rationality in judgment) impact the assessment of these issues, which are central to international economic law. Such effects are well understood by psychologists and increasingly confirmed by experiments involving legal actors, including judges. In this article, I provide three concrete examples of implicit biases affecting international tax, trade and investment adjudication, and I call for the incorporation of mechanisms to overcome such biases as well as their strategic exploitation by litigants. At a conceptual level, I propose a typology to think of ‘debiasing tools’ for international adjudication – mechanisms that can act as a centrepiece of coordination of information rather than mere inoculants of the habits of mind on adjudicators. At a normative level, I pose that biases may impact confidence in dispute settlement systems and that both concerns for sovereignty and a predilection for negotiated solutions make international economic law ripe for testing these interventions.

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18

Agarwal, Manmohan. "Africa, the economic crisis, and international economic governance." South African Journal of International Affairs 16, no. 1 (2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220460902986214.

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19

Riak PhD, Gabriel Alier, and Dut Bol Ayuel Bill. "THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN RELATION ON ECONOMIC POLICY IN AFRICA." IJRDO - Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 8, no. 11 (2022): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/sshr.v8i11.5385.

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Foreign refers to the conduct of human affairs by peaceful means, employing techniques of persuasion and negotiation (Barnett and Duvall, 2010). It usually refers to international diplomacy, the conduct of international relations through the intercession of professional diplomats with regard to issues of peace-making, trade, war, economics, culture, environment and human relations (Berridge, 2005). Diplomacy is typically carried out by government officials, who use bargaining, negotiation, and other peaceful means to negotiate treaties, trade policies, and other international agreements, including agreements to prevent, limit, manage, or settle conflicts (Claude, 2012).

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20

Hutton, John. "International economic policy coordination." International Affairs 63, no. 2 (1987): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3025428.

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21

Hormats, Robert D. "The International Economic Challenge." Foreign Policy, no. 71 (1988): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1148907.

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22

Diebold, William, William H. Buiter, and Richard C. Marston. "International Economic Policy Coordination." Foreign Affairs 64, no. 2 (1985): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20042600.

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23

MORAES, ISAÍAS ALBERTIN DE. "Revisitando o conceito de Desenvolvimento Econômico e a Escola de Pensamento do Desenvolvimentismo na Economia." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 43, no. 1 (2023): 26–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572023-3400.

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RESUMO O presente trabalho tem como objetivo revisitar e sistematizar os conceitos de Desenvolvimento Econômico e o de Desenvolvimentismo. A hipótese levantada pela pesquisa é a de que em razão da processualidade histórico-social das Ciências Econômicas, os termos Desenvolvimento Econômico e Desenvolvimentismo podem ser categorizados de forma distinta por opção epistemológica e didática na atualidade. O artigo optou por realizar um estudo bibliográfico. Os procedimentos metodológicos para selecionar as referências foram pesquisa bibliográfica focada nos autores com análise histórica, concreta e indutiva da economia e do fenômeno de desenvolvimento econômico. Os resultados obtidos são de que os termos Desenvolvimento Econômico e Desenvolvimentismo podem ser categorizados de forma distinta, o primeiro como conceito empregado por diversas escolas do pensamento econômico; o segundo é uma Escola de Pensamento Econômico em si e que possui quatro correntes teóricas (Desenvolvimentismo Clássico, Social Desenvolvimentismo, Novo Desenvolvimentismo, Desenvolvimentismo Socialista de Mercado).

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24

Mazur, Joanna, Peter C. Scheidt, Mary D. Overpeck, Yossi Harel, and Michal Molcho. "Adolescent injuries in relation to economic status: An international perspective." Injury Control and Safety Promotion 8, no. 3 (2001): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/icsp.8.3.179.3350.

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25

Hoti, Afrim, and Fitore Bekteshi. "Economic Sustainability of a New Born State." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 1, no. 1 (2015): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v1i1.p68-75.

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Sustainable development is the concept of a relationship between economic growth and the environment and especially when it comes to a new born country, such as Kosovo. It is naturally important for Kosovo as country, which used to be for a long time with no adequate attention in terms of the economic development under the Yugoslavian political, legal and economic development. Republic of Kosovo is among the richest countries in Europe and wider, seen on the perspective of natural and human resources as well as for geographical position. Nevertheless, the country never had the opportunity to develop itself, using its own resources. Internationally, based on Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights as well as the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, when speaking for self-determination, apart from politics, these documents include the exclusive rights of nations to develop research as well as to orient its country economic resources and economic agenda. Therefore paper aims to present facts on the implication of domestic and international politics in relation to the economic development of a new born country. The analysis will be focused on the policies of Kosovo, as well as activities undertaken in the direction of building an attracting environment in Kosovo for Foreign Direct and Indirect Investments as well as to incite local and international initiatives for business, aiming the general economic growth and the economical sustainability of the state.

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Davis, John B. "Economics and economic methodology in a core-periphery economic world." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 39, no. 3 (2019): 408–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-35172019-3004.

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ABSTRACT This paper uses a core-periphery distinction to characterize contemporary economics, economic methodology, and also today’s world economy. First, it applies the distinction to the organization of contemporary economics through an examination of the problem of explaining economics’ relations to and boundaries with other disciplines. Second, it argues that economics’ core-periphery organization is replicated in a similar organization of the use and practice of contemporary economic methodology in economics. Third, it draws on the use of the core-periphery thinking in economics itself regarding the uneven development of the world economy to provide possible foundations for economics and economic methodology being organized in core-periphery terms. Fourth, the paper briefly discusses three potential countervailing forces operating on the development of contemporary economics that might work against its core-periphery organization.

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27

Sykes, Alan O. "Economic “Necessity” in International Law." American Journal of International Law 109, no. 2 (2015): 296–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.109.2.0296.

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Exigent circumstances can extinguish or suspend a wide range of legal obligations. They may empower governments to seize property or quarantine individuals. They may excuse the nonperformance of private or public contractual obligations. And, of especial interest here, they may permit governments to deviate from their obligations under treaties or customary international law (CIL).

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McKenzie, Francine. "International Economic Relations Since 1945." Journal of Cold War Studies 17, no. 2 (2015): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_r_00537.

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29

Kapstein, Ethan B. "Models of International Economic Justice." Ethics & International Affairs 18, no. 2 (2004): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2004.tb00469.x.

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Articulating and examining the likely consequences of different theoretical and policy approaches to economic justice serves to highlight potential trade-offs and conflicts among them, and helps us to think more carefully about these trade-offs and what their consequences might be. Some of us, for example, might support a liberal free trade regime because we believe it promotes greater income equality among countries. But we might also reasonably assert that such a regime exacerbates economic injustices within some countries by causing dislocation and unemployment, particularly among vulnerable socioeconomic groups such as unskilled workers. This essay presents three models that seek to capture some of the central normative concerns that have been expressed by critics of economic globalization-communitarian, liberal internationalist, and cosmopolitan prioritarian. I indicate the kinds of economic models and data sets that are relevant to determining whether and to what extent greater openness to global trade poses a threat to economic justice as conceived by each of these approaches. Specifically, I use these analytical tools in order to relate changes in openness to foreign trade to other social and economic outcomes, particularly changes in income inequality and poverty, which have tended to draw the attention of nearly all theorists of economic justice. I characterize and critique the approach to economic justice that has been (implicitly) adopted by the major international institutions like the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and World Trade Organization. I conclude with some policy implications and suggestions for further research in the area of international economic justice.

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30

Tooze, Roger. "International political economics." International Affairs 62, no. 1 (1985): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2618089.

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31

Olaoye, Kehinde Folake, and Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah. "Domestic Investment Laws, International Economic Law, and Economic Development." World Trade Review 22, no. 1 (2023): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745622000374.

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Abstract‘Development’ is a legal concept which has been central to the practice of international economic law (IEL). This Article examines how ‘development’ continues to be at the heart of struggles between domestic investment laws (DILs) and international economic law. By examining over 3000 international investment agreements (IIAs) and DILs signed in the last seven decades, this Article identifies the ways in which the concept of development has evolved in tandem with the growth of international economic law by dividing the history of international investment law into six main phases. It traces the emergence of ‘development’ in DIL to the decolonization era arguing that post 1990, the proliferation of international investment treaties and growth of investment treaty arbitration have been used as tools of liberalization on the weak premise that this would lead to economic development. In this context, this Article examines closely the interpretation of ‘investment’ by ICSID tribunals, promotion of international arbitration for economic development, attempts to internationalize economic development contracts, continued relevance of the New International Economic Order, and shift to sustainable development in IEL discourse.

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Croley, Steven P., and John H. Jackson. "WTO Dispute Procedures, Standard of Review, and Deference to National Governments." American Journal of International Law 90, no. 2 (1996): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203683.

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Increasing international economic interdependence is obviously becoming a growing challenge to governments, which are frustrated by their limited capacities to regulate or control cross-border economic activities. Many subjects trigger this frustration, including interest rates, various fraudulent or criminal activities, product standards, consumer protection, environmental issues and prudential concerns for financial services. Although it has been said that “all politics is local,” it has also been said, with considerable justification, that “all economics is international.”

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Gus-Puszczewicz, Aleksandra. "THE PERSPECTIVES FOR POLISH INLAND WATERWAYS DEVELOPMENT IN RELATION TO THE AGN CONVENTION." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego. Ekonomika Transportu i Logistyka 69 (November 3, 2017): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5558.

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The development of the European transport network requires the unification of technical parameters across various countries. The network of internationally significant routes and the technical demands have been specified, among others, in the agreements prepared by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. AGN, which applies to inland waterways is one of the agreements. Poland has joined the agreement as late as in the 2017. The goal of the article is to answer the question of whether signing the agreement will lead to a quick development of the international inland waterways network in Poland.

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Gahan, Peter, and Tim Harcourt. "Labour Markets, Firms and Institutions: Labour Economics and Industrial Relations." Journal of Industrial Relations 40, no. 4 (1998): 508–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569804000402.

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The study of tbe employment relation has always held a somewhat ambiguous position within the field of economics. The nature of labour market adjustment processes and unique aspects of the employment relation have posed problems for standard economic theories and have limited the use of formal modelling. Moreover, institutionalist approaches have been a greater challenge to labour economists than in any other area of enquiry within the discipline (Jacoby, 1990). Traditionally, this difference has been manifest in a clear distinction between labour economics and industrial relations as separate fields of study. The artificiality of such a distinction, we argue, poses problems for understanding the phenomena of concern to both disciplines. In this paper we argue that notwithstanding the important insights gained from standard neoclassical models of the labour market, they do not provide an adequate basis for understanding the employment relationship and institutional features of labour markets. Instead, we begin with the assumption adopted by industrial relations scholars that the labour market is different from other economic exchange relationships and use this as a basis for developing a more realistic framework to understand both the social and economic dimensions of the employment relation.

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35

Claussen, Kathleen. "Tipping Point Challenges in International Economic Disputes." Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 17, no. 1 (2018): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718034-12341368.

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Abstract This article reviews two critical “tipping point” moments in the evolution of international economic law, so-called given the overwhelming response by the international economic law community in each instance suggesting that the moment ought not be repeated as it called into question foundational tenets of the dispute resolution system. In each instance, an adjudicator was dismissed on the basis of his past decision-making, bringing into sharper focus questions about the mandate of the adjudicator and the checks and balances in relation to the adjudicatory role. This article surveys the availability of ethical or other doctrines to guide arbitrators in this respect and calls for change in the interest of preserving the legitimacy of the international economic law adjudicatory systems.

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36

Meierrieks, Daniel, and Friedrich Schneider. "Terrorism and international economic policy." European Journal of Political Economy 69 (September 2021): 102011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2021.102011.

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37

Smutka, Luboš, Patrik Rovny, Kamil Maitah, and Pavel Kotyza. "International finance and economic institutions: Can Russian Ruble become the world’s leading currency?" Terra Economicus 19, no. 3 (2021): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2073-6606-2021-19-3-93-104.

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38

Li, Yuming, and Jing Yang. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 21, no. 2 (2018): 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100261.

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We examine the relation between risk and returns in the U.S. residential housing market. We find that the risk of house price changes and the magnitude relative to the risk of income changes vary with economic conditions. We measure the excess risk of house price changes by adjusting for the risk of income changes and economic variables associated with the real estate and financial sectors of the economy, and find a significant and positive relation between house price changes and excess risk. We also find that excess risk has significantly adverse effects on the short-run momentum and long-run reversal of house price changes across metro areas, thus implying that excess risk induces price rigidity and helps to explain for the serial correlations in price changes in the U.S. single-family housing market.

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Podolák, A. "New Economy – an analysis of the competitiveness related to education of students and managers." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 8 (2012): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5214-agricecon.

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New Economy deals with competitiveness analysed by international comparative advantage of commodity and regional trade. According to New Economy we are forced to quantify the contribution of tradable goods and services into international competitiveness. New Economy shifts the current national competitiveness into a higher comparative advantage of comparable commodities of the world competitiveness. The methodology of calculation of domestic inputs and outputs is expanded by inputs and outputs of the comparable countries, integrated territories or also international agro-commodity trade.

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40

Sainsbury, Tristram. "Do we need more economics in Australian economic diplomacy?" Australian Journal of International Affairs 70, no. 6 (2016): 613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2016.1220491.

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41

Cable, Vincent. "What is international economic security?" International Affairs 71, no. 2 (1995): 305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2623436.

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42

Parkinson, Fred. "International economic law: basic documents." International Affairs 67, no. 1 (1991): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621256.

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43

Ewing, Arthur F. "International Capital and Economic Development." Journal of World Trade 19, Issue 5 (1985): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad1985056.

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Mansfield, Edward D. "International Institutions and Economic Sanctions." World Politics 47, no. 4 (1995): 575–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100015227.

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Economic sanctions have long occupied the attention of both scholars and policy makers. Despite the widespread use of sanctions, many observers have concluded that the inherent problems associated with imposing sanctions involving multiple senders substantially limit their effectiveness. This article reviews two books that analyze the factors that influence cooperation among senders of multilateral sanctions. These books indicate that international institutions can do much to promote cooperation of this sort. However, this essay argues that the extent to which international institutions facilitate cooperation among senders of sanctions is likely to depend on the domestic politics of members, the type of institution being used for this purpose, the nature of the strategy being pursued, and the distribution of power among members. Although these books make significant contributions to our understanding of the factors that promote cooperation among senders of multilateral sanctions, they examine the factors that promote the effectiveness of sanctions in only a peripheral manner. One potential influence on the effectiveness of sanctions that are organized by an international institution, however, is the likelihood that the institution will be captured by member states or by interest groups within them. Additional research that investigates the conditions under which international institutions are likely to be captured and the implications of institutional capture for their performance may therefore prove useful to scholars of international relations and economic statecraft.

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WEEDE, ERICH. "Economic Policy and International Security:." European Journal of International Relations 1, no. 4 (1995): 519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066195001004006.

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Bringezu, Stefan, Helmut Schütz, Sören Steger, and Jan Baudisch. "International comparison of resource use and its relation to economic growth." Ecological Economics 51, no. 1-2 (2004): 97–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.04.010.

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Arbour, J. Maurice. "Secession and International Law - Some Economic Problems in Relation to State Succession." Les Cahiers de droit 19, no. 2 (2005): 285–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042242ar.

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Le 15 novembre 1976, le Parti Québécois prenait le pouvoir au Québec. Puisque l'objectif majeur du gouvernement Lévesque est de conduire la province de Québec vers les chemins de l'indépendance, il convient d'ores et déjà de s'interroger sérieusement sur l'agenda d'éventuelles négociations entre, d'une part, un gouvernement mandaté pour faire la sécession et, d'autre part, une équipe de négociateurs représentant le reste du Canada. Sans doute, l'un des points cruciaux d'un tel agenda serait la question du partage de l'actif et du passif de la Couronne aux droits du Canada. L'étude qui suit n'a pas d'autre objectif que d'analyser les données pertinentes du droit international sous ce rapport. Dans un premier chapitre, l'auteur examine le sort théorique que pourrait connaître la propriété publique fédérale sise dans les limites géographiques du Québec. L'enquête démontre deux choses. Premièrement, l'actif passe automatiquement à l'État nouveau et point n'est besoin, à cet égard, de la conclusion d'un accord spécial. Deuxièmement, l'actif passe automatiquement à l'État nouveau, sans compensation aucune, à moins, bien entendu, que les parties ne se mettent d'accord sur le principe d'une compensation quelconque. Dans un second chapitre, l'auteur s'intéresse à la question de savoir si l'État nouveau serait obligé, en vertu du droit international, à assumer une part quelconque de la dette publique canadienne. L'analyse démontre que la pratique des États, dans son ensemble, ne reconnaît pas l'existence d'une telle obligation, bien qu'elle ait sanctionné le principe d'une répartition à diverses occasions. Toutefois, des considérations de justice et d'équité ont conduit la plupart des publicistes à reconnaître l'existence d'une obligation morale à la charge de l'État nouveau. En droit strict, il semblerait donc que le Québec n'aurait rien à débourser pour l'actif qu'il recevrait automatiquement et n'aurait rien à débourser, également, au chapitre de la dette publique fédérale. Toutefois, l'examen minutieux du fondement de ces curieuses solutions traditionnelles, selon lesquelles l'État sécessionniste succéderait à l'actif et non pas au passif de l'État prédécesseur, amène l'auteur à plaider pour une solution plus logique et plus juste aussi. Le problème réel, à ce niveau, consiste cependant à élaborer des critères de répartition qui seraient justes et équitables pour les deux parties en présence; à cet égard, la pratique internationale n'offre pas de solution magique et tout laisse croire que la méthode la plus sûre est encore celle qui tiendrait compte d'indicateurs économiques.

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Oleinov, A. "Economics of International Relations." World Economy and International Relations, no. 5 (2011): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-5-24-31.

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International relations are often considered as a separate field of research in social sciences. The key characteristic of this field is the use of a variety of theoretical approaches that leads to the fragmentation of knowledge about International Relations. This article is considering the possibility to synthesize the principles of existing theoretical concepts of international relations by using the basic methodology of economics.

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Szlajfer, Henryk. "Economic Crisis, States and International Security." Security and Human Rights 20, no. 4 (2009): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187502309789894802.

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Vagts, Detlev F. "International Economic Law and the American Journal of International Law." American Journal of International Law 100, no. 4 (2006): 769–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000031882.

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To discuss the history of international economic law since the American Journal of International Law was first published in 1907 requires the author to project categories common to the parlance of 2006 back to times when theywere unknown. So far as it appears, the term did not become current until after World War II. Its scope is controversial. According to one definition, it encompasses “the total range of norms (directly or indirectly based on treaties) of public international law with regard to transnational economic relations.” A wide variety of international law rules have been said to have a financial impact somewhere. For practical purposes, in this essay I define international economic law as the international law regulating transborder transactions in goods, services, currency, investment, and intellectual property. I exclude from the inquiry issues of private international law, as well as of economic warfare.

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