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1
Azimi, Nasser Ali. "Foreign trade and the export boom of primary commodities : a comparative study of oil exports between 1960 to 1990." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282243.
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Das, Kartik. "American Trade Influence: Across Foreign Markets, Exports to the United States, Not Total Exports, Drive Stock Returns." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1207.
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This paper explores the relationship between lagged stock returns and export growth in a panel of worldwide markets. Previous studies have focused on analyzing the effect of future economic output growth on stock returns. This study finds that annualized changes in a foreign country’s exports to the United States five to seven years in the future, defined as long-term, positively predict the annual stock market returns while the nation’s total export changes are already priced-in. An additional percentage point increase in long-term exports to the United States growth results in a 0.1 to 3.5 percentage point rise in annual stock returns. However, both growth in total exports and those to the United States do not predict equity returns over the short-term, defined as average annual growth from year 0 to year 4. Thus, establishing a foothold and cracking the highly competitive and homogeneous United States market is not guaranteed and unpredictable, requiring 5 years of investments before successful foreign firms are able convert it into earnings. Alternatively, investors may be shortsighted, uninformed, and pay limited attention about a foreign country’s exports to the United States beyond their forecast horizon, for example, five years. Moreover, the analysis finds that GDP growth at both the foreign country and United States level does not affect lagged foreign stock returns and could be priced-in, unlike long-term growth in the nation’s exports to United States.
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Bender, William H. "A study of ultra labour-intensive exports from Kenya." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332965.
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Das, Gupta Bejoy. "Exports and exchange rate policy : the case of India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306744.
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Muleta-Erena, Temesgen. "Cointegration analysis : exports and economic performance in developing economies." Thesis, University of West London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302706.
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Tenhoff, Heather. "Distribution of U.S. beef exports in the international market." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17335.
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Master of Agribusiness<br>Department of Agricultural Economics<br>Vincent Amanor-Boadu<br>The beef industry is a very important in the food sector of agriculture and over the past two decades the United States beef industry has faced many challenges. Over time the distribution of beef exports have changed due to food safety issues and government policies, not just in the U.S., but on a global scale forcing U.S. beef producers to diversify their export outputs to other countries that were not previously strong leaders in the export business. The U.S. must be strategic in their production decisions in order to continue to compete on a global level to avoid significant loss during adverse conditions. One of the major challenges that the U.S. industry has faced is the discovery of BSE in late 2003 in the state of Washington, which led to the closing of many borders to countries who had a significant impact on the beef industry in the U.S.
Since U.S. beef is highly regarded by consumers for its quality worldwide, it is important to understand what changes have taken place in the past to have a full understanding of what changes need to be made in the future. The objective of this thesis is to look at how the distribution of the value, volume and price of U.S. beef exports have changed over the past two decades. By looking at how this has changed we will be able to see what countries are emerging as important customers and how others have declined. This is extremely important since some of the major importing countries have changed or put restrictions on the U.S. beef industry over the past two decades and the industry needs to understand these changes so that they can remain strong in the export sector. By analyzing the global trends of U.S. beef exports by value, volume and price across principal regions of the world, research will show us how to change for future changes. By assessing the effect of the discovery of BSE in the U.S on changes in the distribution of beef exports across the global regions, research will show who emerged when other countries declined. By using this research, the foregoing results will be helpful to inform the industry on what export market strategy can be developed for the U.S. beef industry.
The results suggest that BSE had some negative effect on the U.S. beef industry in terms of the value and volume but did not have an impact on the price per pound of beef. Some regions had a larger impact than others when BSE was discovered, such as East Asia, but during this other regions, such as North America, came through and became the leaders in exports for U.S. beef. While there was some growth from the Rest of the World, there was not enough of an impact to compete with the foregoing countries.
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Zhang, Man. "Information technology capability, organizational culture, and export performance." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2005/M%5FZhang%5F040505.pdf.
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Chen, Yi. "Food safety and international trade : international legal issues and challenges facing Chinese food exports /." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580105.
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Hassanzadeh, Elham. "Exports of Iranian natural gas to regional and international markets." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/3fc60150-36e9-4a71-9ef6-2785ac38edb7.
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This thesis critically examines exports of Iranian natural gas to regional and international markets. Owning the world’s 2nd largest proven natural gas reserves, Iran can potentially be considered a major gas exporter. Yet, stringent international sanctions, coupled with domestic politicisation of the industry and lack of an ‘attractive’ investment framework, have made Iran unable to capitalise its huge natural gas potential both in domestic and international markets. In this research, a multidisciplinary approach is adopted to examine the main challenges hampering Iran’s ability to become a major gas exporter. These challenges range from political and legal to economic and fiscal. In this thesis, the extent to which the Iranian gas industry is affected by progressive international sanctions, particularly as a result of U.S. pressures, is considered extensively. It appears that U.S. and international sanctions have had detrimental impact on the development of the Iranian petroleum industry through limiting Iran’s access to financial institutions and technologies. In addition, in Iran the constant policy struggle between the need for foreign investment and technology in the petroleum sector on one hand, and the sentiment towards foreign exploitation on the other, is analysed in terms of impact of political challenges in the development of Iran’s natural gas industry. The legal and fiscal terms of buyback contracts as the only available contractual framework for development of the upstream petroleum sector is also reviewed as a part of the evaluation of the ‘attractiveness’ of Iran’s investment framework. This research offers second thoughts on the over-estimated role of law in development of natural resources and illuminates the importance of other factors, including policy making and governance institutions, in attracting foreign investors and the development of the petroleum sector. In the discussion about the development of Iran’s natural gas industry, subsidies are also identified as economic challenges, deterring foreign investors, causing wasteful consumption and creating an inflated domestic market. Two years into the subsidies reform in Iran, the plan has fallen short of achieving its objectives, including controlling domestic energy consumption and freeing up capital to be re-invested in the petroleum industry, mainly as a result of deteriorating economic conditions and Government mismanagement. The issue of supplying gas to domestic or export markets in the light of the country’s current limited production capacity has turned into a major political debate between the Parliament and the Government resulting in failure to fully meet its supply commitments to either market. Inability to produce adequate volumes of gas and its ‘ambitious’ gas expansion policies both in domestic and international markets, has forced the country to import gas from Turkmenistan. The unexpected title of ‘a net gas importer’ for a country with the 2nd largest gas reserves in the world, has raised many questions over the country’s ability to substantially contribute to the growing global gas market. In this thesis, attempts are also made to highlight the social and economic benefits of allocating gas to domestic and export markets. However, conducting a solid economic analysis is not possible, as first of all, such an analysis is beyond the scope of this thesis, and secondly the required data and statistical material is not available or accessible. This research suggests that given the country’s huge domestic market, industrialisation targets, young population and the necessity for job creation, as well as country’s dependence on gas re-injection into oilfields to maintain the oil production, Iran may not want to be “the next Qatar” in terms of exports. Available data suggest that gas export is not the most beneficial economic outcome for Iranian gas; and for all of the foregoing reasons, and even if sanctions are removed, it would take Iran 15-20 years to develop such a major export capability. This thesis offers recommendations to policy makers to conduct comprehensive economic analyses over costs and benefits of allocating gas to domestic and export markets, while giving due consideration to the pressing issue of ‘welfare maximisation’ and distributional impact of consuming gas domestically.
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Mafusire, Albert. "Foreign capital inflows and the export-led growth /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16535.pdf.
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Parsons, Brigitte A. "An Examination of Appalachian Forest Products Exports." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33521.
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The primary goal of this study was to identify value added export opportunities for the hardwood products manufacturing industry. By studying current industry practices and trends, we can better understand the opportunities hardwood lumber businesses have exploited in the past and could do so today. The study found that opportunities exist for businesses with the right initial mindset preparing them for exporting, the proper equipment, and the appropriate educational experience.
Surveys of hardwood lumber manufacturers in 1989 and 2002 addressed similar objectives and helped better understand export participation of hardwood lumber manufacturers in the Appalachian Region. The objectives of this research project included determining current export experience, access and use of export development programs, key export markets, and mill production, marketing, equipment, personnel and other attributes of the region's hardwood lumber industry. Other objectives included determining if any significant changes in the region's hardwood industry had occurred, and in particular, what was mill export market experience in the past 15 years. The key was to identify key factors that lead to export marketing participation.
This study showed that export market participation is growing as forest sector businesses consolidated during this period. Businesses were found to seek assistance from multiple government agencies, trade associations, and most importantly from their customers. While the largest export market continues to be Canada, little information is available on other businesses purchasing Appalachian hardwood lumber, indicating the need for more research on markets and their size. Important species for exporting are red oak, yellow-poplar, white oak, and maple, and higher grades of hardwood lumber continue to be the top three. Owning a kiln is essential to exporting, and having an above average size marketing staff was found to be helpful. The most important attribute of exporters is an open-minded management that sees the benefits of exporting.<br>Master of Science
12
Xu, Yun. "Pricing to market and international trade evidence from U.S. agricultural exports." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1158609695.
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Mosoma, Khutsi Peace Wellington. "International comparison of agricultural exports : South Africa and the Cairns Groups." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49994.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study addresses two important research questions which are in essence motivated by the
trade policy reform that took effect in the 1990s to reverse decades of inward industrialisation
strategies towards outward industrialisation strategies to promote economic growth and
development. This raised the expectation that a movement away from low-demand growth
products towards commodities with stronger demand growth and buoyant price trends would
be encouraged.
The first central question that this study addresses is the extent to which South African
agricultural exports are moving up the value chain relative to the agricultural exports of the
other members of the Cairns Group. The second research question that the study addresses is
to determine whether South Africa's movement up the value chain (value adding activities) in
agricultural exports is more competitive than the other members of the Cairns Group. To
adequately address the first research question data from the Food and Agricultural
Organisation (FAO), Trade and Industrial Policy Strategies (TIPS) and World Trade
Organisation (WTO) databases were used to examine their trade perspectives. The second
research question was addressed by applying Relative Comparative Advantage (RTA) using
data from the FAOSTAT 2002 to determine each country's competitive status in selected
agro- food chains.
The results show that South Africa managed to surpass all other members of the Cairns
Group, except Chile, Philippines and Bolivia, whose export structures are highly dominated
by high-value products relative to South Africa in terms of the movement up the value chain
in agricultural exports. This is the case despite the fact that countries such as Argentina,
Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, New Zealand, Thailand and Uruguay have
managed to increase their percentage export value of high-value agricultural products and that
South Africa has experienced a decrease in the percentage export value of high-value
products. The results also clearly show that the food chains in Costa Rica, Paraguay, Thailand
and South Africa are generally marginally competitive, whilst the food chains in Canada,
Chile, Colombia, Indonesia and Uruguay are only just marginally competitive as many of
their RTA values are situated around zero. The food chains in Guatemala, Malaysia, New
Zealand and Philippines are internationally uncompetitive. And the food chains in Argentina,Australia and Brazil are internationally competitive. The analysis also reveals that
competitiveness decreases in all these countries when moving from primary to processed
products in the agro-food chains which implies that value-adding opportunities are
constrained.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie spreek twee belangrike navorsingvraagstukke aan wat in wese gemotiveer is
deur die handelsbeleidshervormingsproses wat in die 1990s 'n aanvang geneem het. Dekades
van intern-gerigte industrialisasiestrategieë is na ekstern-gerigte industrialisasiestrategieë
omgeskakel om sodoende groei en ontwikkeling aan te moedig. Hierdie proses het die
verwagting geskep dat 'n beweging weg van produkte met lae groei in vraag, na goedere met
'n sterker groei in vraag en veerkragtige prystendense sal aanmoedig.
Die eerste sentrale probleem waarop in hierdie studie gefokus word is die mate waartoe Suid-
Afrikaanse landbou-uitvoere in die waarde-ketting op beweeg het relatief tot die landbouuitvoere
van die ander lede van die Cairns Groep. Die tweede vraag wat die narvorsig
aanspreek is an vas te stelof Suid Afrika se waardeletting oktiwiteite in landbou uitvore meer
kompeterend is as die van onder lede van die Cairns Groep. Om die eerste
navorsingsprobleem voldoende aan te spreek, is data van die Voedsel en Landbou
Organisasie, Handel en Industriële Beleidstrategieë en die Wêreldhandelsorganisasie gebruik.
Hierdie organisasies se databasisse is gebruik om handelsperspektiewe te bepaal. Die tweede
navorsingsprobleem is aangespreek deur die toepassing van die Relatiewe Vergelykende
Voordeel (RVV) op die data bekom van die FAOSTAT 2002. Hierdeur is elke land se
mededingende status in sekere geselekteerde agri-voedselkettings bepaal.
Die resultate wys dat Suid Afrika daarin geslaag het om die ander lede van die Cairns Groep
verby te steek, met die uitsondering van Chilli, die Filippyne en Bolivië, waar uitvoerstrukture
gedomineer word deur hoë waarde produkte relatief tot Suid Afrika. Hierdie tendens is ten
spyte daarvan dat lande soos Argentinië, Australië, Brasilië, Colombië, Costa Rica, Indonesië,
New Zealand, Thailand en Uruguay daarin geslaag het om hul persentasie uitvoerwaarde van
hoë waarde landbouprodukte op te stoot, en dat Suid Afrika, daarenteen, ervaar het dat die
uitvoere van hierdie produkte afgeneem het. Die resultate toon duidelik dat die
voedselkettings in Costa Rica, Paraguay, Thailand en Suid-Afrika oor die algemeen marginaal
kompeterend is, terwyl die voedselkettings in Kanada, Chile, Colombië, Indonesië en
Uruguay tot 'n mindere mate marginaal kompeterend is aangesien hul RVV-waardes rondom
nul lê. Die voedselkettings in Guatemala, Maleisië, Nieu-Seeland en die Filippyne is
internasionaal nie-kompeterend, met die voedselkettings in Argentinië, Australië en Brasilië
wel internasionaal kompeterend.
Die analise wys ook dat die mededingendheid afneem in al hierdie lande wanneer hulle van
primêre na geprosesseerde produkte beweeg in agri-voedselkettings, dit impliseer dat waarde
toevoeging geleenthede tot produkte beperk is.
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Xu, Yun. "Pricing to market and international trade evidence from US agricultural exports." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1158609695.
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Choga, Ireen. "An empirical analysis of the determinants and growth of South African exports." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/198.
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Exports have considerable effects on economic growth, employment and trade so it is crucial to understand the factors that are responsible for their variation. This study analyses the fundamental determinants of exports using annual South African data covering the period 1980 to 2006. It initially provides an overview of the South African export structure and export growth. A review of theoretical determinants is then specified. The study tests for stationarity and cointegration using the Johansen (1991, 1995) methodology. A vector error correction model is run to provide robust determinant variables on exports. The following variables which have been found to have a long run relationship with exports include: the domestic price of exports, real effective exchange rate, trade openness, foreign income and price of inputs (cost of production). The estimate of the speed of adjustment coefficient found in this study indicates that about 96% of the variation in exports from its equilibrium level is corrected within one year. The results that have emerged from this analysis corroborate the theoretical predictions and are also supported by previous researchers or studies.
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Chiang, Hui-Chu. "Essays on monetary policy and international trade." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2697.
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Doole, Isobel. "How small and medium sized enterprises learn to compete effectively on international markets." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2000. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3150/.
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This thesis seeks to develop insights into the nature of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) that are effective in competing internationally, over the longer term. It therefore aims to provide a better understanding of the behaviour that engenders this capability. Its contributory value lies in the development of the new perspectives which emerged from inductive theory development grounded in longitudinal data collected between1996-1999. Traditionally explanations for the success of SMEs in export markets, it is suggested, have been sought in the marketing mix paradigm rooted in exchange theory. This thesis draws from a range of literature in seeking an understanding of the behaviours observed. In developing a substantive theory to explain the dynamic nature of firms that sustain their competitive effectiveness on international markets this thesis then seeks explanations from the organisational learning paradigm. This study follows the tradition of the naturalistic paradigm and as such the research was a phenomenological study of an exploratory and qualitative nature. The naturalistic paradigm recognises the importance of the subjective experiences of individuals and groups. In the verstehen tradition this study stresses the importance of the informant as the primary source of information. The aim of the inquiry was to develop an ideographic body of knowledge, the emphasis being on explanation and understanding rather than the identification of general and universal laws. The epistemological stance taken required an inductive approach to theory building. Examining the firms longitudinally was the means by which the author was able to take an holistic view of the international activities of the firms studied and focus on the change processes and challenges faced in the study period. The central proposition of this thesis is that the firms that compete effectively on international markets exhibit a positive marketing orientation, and have a strong core purpose on which is generated a clear internationally based strategic direction. It is further proposed that over a period of time, through an iterative process of strategy development, firms build a sustainable competitive advantage in their international markets and develop the ability to maintain this advantage, even when faced with hostile challenges in their international markets. Firms, it is suggested through their relationships, build a virtual structure to their international markets, which provide the means through which a knowledge of their markets is acquired, and an input is made to the strategy development process by external partners. However, it is through the dynamic processes of organisational learning that SMEs develop these capabilities and so enhance their ability to sustain a competitive advantage over a period of time.
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Rodrigue, Joel. "International trade, foreign direct investment and productivity an empirical investigation /." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1245.
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Robson, Sally Jane. "International Market Entry: Determinants of Australian Exports and Direct Investment to the United Kingdom." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15844/.
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Australia and the UK are both prominent economies in the international arena and share a strong trade and investment relationship. Interestingly, the UK while being a significant destination for Australian exports is an even more significant destination for Australian direct investment, a case anomalous to international trends. Analysis of this case elicits the question as to what factors differentiate between the firms that export and those that FDI. It is imperative to understand the differentiating factors between exports and direct investment as market entry decisions are decisive to the success of firms in international markets. A number of theories of international market entry have developed over the last quarter century, the ownership, location, and internationalisation model (OLI) is used in this study. The importance of the variables developed in this model are identified, and assessed as to their relevance to entry of Australian firms into the UK market through FDI or Exports. Qualitative information is used to support initial quantitative profiling. Results of the investigation indicate that while some variables were at times decisive, they were not predictive at all in other situations. The full interaction of the variables in the model was therefore concluded to be essential to fully differentiate between exports and FDI in all cases.
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Ahmadi, S. Ali. "The role of international trade and industrialization in economic growth in developing countries : the case of Malaysia /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1997.
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Costa, André Moreira Gomes da. "Renova black toilet paper: the creation of a global market space." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9824.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics<br>The aim of this study is to research how can an international marketing strategy be simultaneously standardized and adapted to export markets. Moreover, it reveals that this strategy is more appropriate than the contingency approach, considering the case of a firm with very little expression in the global marketplace.
A single case-study based on the export venture of Renova Black toilet paper was developed. In addition to the analysis of secondary data, interviews were conducted with 3 Renova managers, 3 trade customers and 10 consumers.
Findings suggest that an international marketing strategy simultaneously standardized and adapted to new export markets forms a good fit with the existence of limited resources, light structure and centralized decision making possible due to firms’ reduced size. This study presents important insights for managers of small players in the global marketplace attempting to boost the internationalization process. It also broadens our understanding on the standardization versus adaptation debate using a fresh perspective.
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Bahar, Dany. "Essays on the Transmission and Diffusion of Productive Knowledge in International Economics." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11337.
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Numerous empirical studies have shown the difficulties associated with the transmission of knowledge and the limitations of its diffusion process. What are the implications of these difficulties and limitations to international economics? This dissertation deals with this question by looking at how productive knowledge plays a role in the evolution of the comparative advantage of nations and the international expansion of multinational corporations. The first chapter finds that a country is 65% more likely to start exporting a good that is being exported by any of its geographic neighbors, consistently with evidence on the limited geographic patterns of knowledge diffusion. The second chapter finds that migrants, serving as carriers of productive knowledge, play a role in explaining the appearances of new export industries in both their sending and receiving countries. In particular, in terms of their ability to induce exports in the average country, an increase of only 65,000 people in the stock of migrants is associated with about 15% increase in the likelihood of adding a new product to a country's export basket. The figure becomes 15,000 for skilled migrants. The third chapter looks at how the barriers to knowledge transmission within the firm limit the horizontal expansion of multinational corporations. The findings suggest that multinational corporations are, on average, about 12% less likely to horizontally expand a sector that is one standard deviation above the mean in the knowledge intensity scale.
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Meoño, Santiváñez Luis Renato, and Caro Rodrigo Alfonso Tuesta. "Principales factores que permitieron la internacionalización de las franquicias peruanas al mercado latinoamericano durante el periodo 2013-2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652716.
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En los últimos años, el comercio internacional ha tomado el protagonismo debido a que ha mostrado tener gran potencial de expansión hacia los años siguientes, este fenómeno no ha sido ajeno en Latinoamérica y el Perú en general. En los años 2011 – 2018 la exportación de servicios mostró un crecimiento promedio anual de 7% en la región y en el Perú ha sido de 9%, en comparación del 4% de las exportaciones de bienes. Entre los servicios exportados por el Perú, se encuentran las franquicias como un servicio que ha tenido gran acogida a nivel Latinoamérica. Para ello, para la presente investigación se propuso descubrir ¿Cuáles fueron los factores críticos que permitieron a las franquicias peruanas ingresar a mercados latinoamericanos durante el periodo 2013-2018?, en la cual, por medio de una investigación de tipo cualitativo y exploratorio, se desarrollaron los factores push y pull para conocer los factores críticos que se llevaron a cabo por los actores del mercado. Por medio de entrevistas estructuradas a expertos, se encontró en cuanto a factores push, una escasa participación e impulso por parte de entidades gubernamentales para la exportación de franquicias; sin embargo, por su parte los factores pull como la “proximidad geográfica” y la “similitud cultural y de idioma”, son factores que han facilitado el ingreso de las franquicias peruanas al exterior.<br>For the last several years, international trade has been taking a lead role because it has shown a great potential for expansion for the future. This phenomenon has not been different in Latin America and Peru in particular. In 2011 - 2018, the export of services showed an average annual growth of 7% in the region and in Peru it was 9%, in contrast to 4% of the exports of assets. Among the services exported by Peru, franchises as a service that actually are highly valued in Latin America. For the present research it was proposed to discover about which were the critical factors that allowed Peruvian franchises to enter Latin American markets during the 2013-2018?, through qualitative and exploratory research, they were developed the push and pull factors to know the critical factors that were carried out by the market participants. By structured interviews with experts, it was found about the push factors, a low participation and impulse implemented by the government entities for export franchises; however, for the other hand, pull factors such as “geographic proximity” and “cultural and language similarity” are factors that have facilitated the entry of Peruvian franchises abroad.<br>Tesis
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Yu, Zhihao. "Three essays on international trade, political economy and environmental policy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/NQ39009.pdf.
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Kanwal, Uzma, and Muhammad Asim Sardar. "Impact of International Trade on Sub Saharan Africa's Economic Growth." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-3522.
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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The main objective of our paper is to investigate whether expansion in exports can lead to improve economic growth of Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1970-2006. Four macro economic indicators (real GDP, Trade balance, Government expenditure and</p><p>Investment) are used in our model to carry out our analysis concerning Sub Saharan African countries.</p><p>Time series techniques such as unit root test (Augmented Dickey Fuller test) and co integration test (Johansen’s procedure) are used to find out whether there is a long run relationship between economic growth and trade balance.</p><p>The results of the unit root test indicate that all series are stationary after first difference, with I (1). Johansen’s co integration test showed that co integration (long run relationship) exists between GDP and Trade balance, as we got significant eigenvalues and found co integration between all of the four variables which shows that they are co integrated with each other and indicates a long run relationship.</p><p>Our results indicate that for the time period of 1970 to 2006, Sub Saharan African countries experienced a simultaneous increase in economic growth and trade balance as well as in investment and Govt expenditure.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: exports, economic growth, unit root, co integration, Sub-Saharan Africa</p>
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Mau, Karsten [Verfasser], and Erich [Akademischer Betreuer] Gundlach. "Essays in International Economics : China's Exports, Growth, and Comparative Advantage / Karsten Mau. Betreuer: Erich Gundlach." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080721215/34.
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Xiao, Jing. "The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on International Trade: An Empirical Study of China." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3732.
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This paper investigates the impact of inward FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) on international trade of China empirically on the country level by using panel data from 1984 to 2007. Two separate transformed models which are based on the gravity equation and refer to the econometric models of some previous studies, are used in this paper to estimate the effect of FDI inflows on exports and imports respectively. The estimation results confirmed the complementary relationship between FDI inflows and trade of China both on exports and imports, which has also been supported by previous empirical studies.
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Gu, Weishi. "The impact of foreign intellectual property rights protection on U.S. exports, FDI, and licenses." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 78 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605143631&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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De, Negri Fernanda. "Desempenho comercial das empresas estrangeiras no Brasil na década de 90." Rio de Janeiro : BNDES, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/123092779.html.
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Smith, Gordon R. "The effect of a generalized appreciation of East Asian currencies on exports from China." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3215.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.<br>Vita: p. 131. Thesis director: Willem Thorbecke. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 28, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-130). Also issued in print.
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Arias, Blanco Edgar. "Exports of U.S. Hardwood Products: Increasing Performance in Asia and Europe." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49693.
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The U.S. hardwood industry has traditionally depended on the domestic demand to sustain levels of production above 14 billion board feet per year. Because of the collapse of the U.S. housing market in 2009 and the economic recession that followed, the industry moved its sight to the international markets, as an opportunity to replace some lost demand, and pursue long term growth. Previous research on international marketing of hardwood products indicates that, there is a growing concern among U.S. companies to understand the main competitiveness factors in key markets such as Asia and Europe. Finding opportunities to add value to U.S. hardwood exports has been the goal of this research project. A case study and survey research were carried out among importers and exporters, whereby it was found that aspects related to price, quality and service, are critical in achieving competitive advantage. This motivated a study in demand and pricing management, which found that these tasks may be subject to innovation through optimization approaches.<br>Ph. D.
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Cruz, Infantes Sthephany Jacqueline, and Zapata Gladys Teresa Salazar. "Factores que afectan la competitividad de las exportaciones de quinua en la industria agrícola de Perú en el periodo 2012-2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626718.
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La quinua es un producto que ha ido tomando importancia a nivel mundial por el gran aporte nutricional que brinda, siendo Perú, Bolivia y Ecuador los principales productores tradicionales de este grano. La adaptabilidad que tiene la quinua ha generado que países asiáticos, europeos y americanos estén interesados en el cultivo de este producto para su producción y consumo interno. Bolivia hasta el 2014 fue el principal abastecedor de quinua orgánica a nivel mundial, pero a nichos específicos, siendo esta una de las razones por las que Perú lo desplazó convirtiéndose en el principal exportador y productor de quinua. El mercado de quinua sufrió una sobreoferta, ocasionando que en el 2015 los precios cayeran generando una baja de las exportaciones, sin embargo, en el 2017 ha ido mejorando poco a poco por la demanda de los países como E.E. U.U y la U.E.
Finalmente, este estudio determina los principales factores que afectan la competitividad de las exportaciones de quinua de la industria agrícola de Perú en el periodo 2012 - 2017 de manera mensual, aplicando para el análisis el índice de ventaja comparativa revelada dada por Bela Balassa. Se concluye que los factores que influyen en la competitividad son exportación de quinua, productividad y producción, dejando en un segundo plano las variables precio de exportación, precio de productor y superficie cosechada. Además, se recomienda elevar dichos factores de competitividad para que el Perú mantenga su liderazgo como productor y exportador de quinua.<br>Quinoa is a product that has been gaining relevance worldwide because the nutritional contribution it provides. Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador are the main traditional producers. The adaptability that has quinoa has generated that Asian, European and American countries are interested in the cultivation of this for its production and internal consumption. Until 2014, Bolivia was the main supplier of organic quinoa, but only to specific sectors, this was one of the reasons why Peru replaced it, becoming the main exporter and producer of quinoa. In 2015, the quinoa market suffered an oversupply, due to this the prices fell, and the exports dropped, however, in 2017, exportation of quinoa has been improving due to the demand of EE. UU and U.E.
Finally, this study determines the main factors that affect the competitiveness of quinoa exports of Peru’s agricultural industry in the period 2012-2017 on a monthly basis, applying for the analysis the revealed comparative advantage index given by Bela Balassa. It is concluded that the factors that influence competitiveness are export of quinoa, productivity and production, leaving in the background the variables export price, producer price and harvested area. In addition, it is recommended to raise these competitiveness factors so that Peru maintains its leadership as a producer and exporter of quinoa.<br>Tesis
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Esambe, Lovertte. "The impact of international trade reforms on agricultural exports in Sub-Saharan Africa (Case study: Cameroon, Ghana and Burkina Faso)." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4415.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil<br>Sub-Saharan African countries in general with particular reference to Ghana, Cameroon and Burkina Faso depend mostly on agriculture which is seen as the main source of income. Agriculture provides income for a large percentage of the rural population, and employs about 70 per cent of its labour force with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of about 30 per cent. Ghana, Cameroon and Burkina Faso as well as a large majority of African countries depend on subsistence farming and the cultivation of subsistence crops helps provide food and ensures food security for the people. Although they mostly depend on subsistence crops, they also produce primary export crops such as cocoa for Ghana, coffee for Cameroon, and cotton for Burkina Faso which represent a major source of foreign exchange. Due to the significant importance of agriculture in the above countries Ghana, Cameroon and Burkina Faso, gave great importance to agriculture by part taking in international trade negotiations or agreements on agriculture. These countries were involved more vigorously in the Uruguay Round where agricultural products were fully covered by multilateral trade rules for the first time. Farmers from Ghana, Cameroon and Burkina Faso are faced with so many challenges in exporting their agricultural products to world markets despite their participation in the agricultural trade reforms. They have restricted access to rich countries agricultural markets and they also face unfair competition in their own domestic markets from subsidised imports of food staples from wealthy countries. Other challenges such as: trade barriers, inadequate trade infrastructure (logistics and transportation), and inadequate institution serving farmers and agriculture and lack of technology to transform traditional agriculture are also of great importance. With regard to the above challenges faced by Ghana, Cameroon and Burkina Faso this research is to examine or analyse the impacts that international trade reforms have on the agricultural exports focusing on primary products (cash crops), such as cocoa, coffee and cotton which are a major source of export revenue for these countries and the livelihood basis for millions of rural households who grow these crops. The research will also look at the challenges faced by Ghana, Cameroon and Burkina Faso in exporting their agricultural products to developed countries‘ markets despite their participation in the international trade agreements on agriculture. Taking a look at the international trade reforms it can be seen that while the Uruguay Round will have a significant impact on global trade and economic welfare, its effect on the above countries‘ agricultural exports is expected to be much smaller, and if anything maybe negative. Ghana, Cameroon, Burkina Faso and most African countries are likely to gain slightly from tariff cuts and the elimination of non-tariff barriers on manufactured products. These countries will find themselves slightly worse off as a result of cuts to developed countries' subsidies to their agricultural exports, which tends to increase world food prices.
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Douch, Mustapha. "Essays on firm performance, agglomeration and international trade." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27620.
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Aproskie, Jason. "The relationship between firm size and exports in the context of merger review in South Africa : is the international competitiveness public interest clause of the Competition Act valid." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5760.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-34).<br>According to the Competition Act of South Africa, proposed mergers, if rejected on the grounds of anti-competitive effects as well as the efficiency considerations, may be passed on certain public interest grounds. The fourth public interest clause potentially allows mergers to be passed should the merged firm become more able to compete in international markets. This paper interprets the clause to refer to a relationship between firm size and exports, and investigates this supposed relationship and, in so doing, the validity of the clause. It is found that firm size is positively related to export propensity, the likelihood of exporting any output. However, firm size is found to be unrelated to the intensity of exporting, the proportion of output that is exported by the firm. This paper covers new areas of research, and its conclusions call into question the inclusion of the relevant public interest clause in the Competition Act.
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Modolo, Débora Bellucci 1985. "A competição das exportações chinesas em terceiros mercados = uma aplicação do modelo gravitacional." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286111.
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Orientador: Célio Hiratuka<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T05:54:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2012<br>Resumo: A ascensão da China como potência econômica e sua presença crescente nos mercados mundiais têm sido motivo de grande atenção no debate internacional. Em especial, o aumento da competitividade chinesa no comércio internacional e a acentuada expansão de suas exportações de manufaturados levantam preocupações a respeito das exportações chinesas estarem substituindo exportações de outros países nos mercados importadores. Nesse sentido, este estudo busca verificar se ao longo dos últimos anos, de 2000 a 2009, a competição das exportações chinesas tem deslocado as exportações mundiais em terceiros mercados, dialogando com outros estudos no tema. A contribuição deste trabalho consiste em fornecer uma análise geral da concorrência chinesa em terceiros mercados, que contemple diferentes regiões do globo de maneira comparativa, além de diferentes segmentos tecnológicos, por meio da utilização do modelo gravitacional. Este estudo também permite distinguir o impacto da competição chinesa sobre as exportações brasileiras de manufaturados, o que se mostra relevante em virtude de o país ser considerado o mais industrializado da América Latina. Assim, a partir das estimações do modelo foi possível identificar grupos de países e categorias de produtos mais afetados pela concorrência chinesa. As evidências encontradas apontam que o efeito das exportações chinesas sobre as exportações mundiais é predominantemente negativo. Destaca-se o setor de manufaturados de média tecnologia como o segmento mais afetado pela competição chinesa. Os resultados também indicam que as economias em desenvolvimento experimentam o maior efeito negativo da concorrência chinesa, principalmente os países asiáticos emergentes. No caso do Brasil, os resultados mostram que o impacto negativo da competição chinesa sobre as exportações de manufaturados se mostra tão intenso quanto para os países asiáticos emergentes<br>Abstract: The emergence of China as a major player in the global economy and its growing presence in world markets have attracted much attention in international debate. In particular, the increasing competitiveness of China in international trade and the extraordinary expansion of its manufactured exports, raise concerns about Chinese competition in third markets. Accordingly, this study seeks to examine if over the last years, from 2000 to 2009, Chinese exports have been displacing exports of other countries in importing markets, considering other studies in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Chinese competition in third markets considering different regions of the world and different technological sectors in a comparative approach, using the gravity model. This study also identifies the impact of Chinese competition on Brazilian exports of manufactured goods, which appears relevant because the country is considered the most industrialized in Latin America. Thus, the estimates of the model allowed to recognize groups of exporting countries and product categories most affected by Chinese competition. The evidences from this study indicate that the effect of Chinese exports on global exports is mainly negative. The medium-technology manufacturing sector was pointed out as the most affected sector by Chinese exports. The results also indicate that developing economies have been most affected, especially the emerging Asian countries. In the case of Brazil, the results suggest that the negative impact of Chinese competition on manufactured goods exports is as intense as to emerging Asian countries<br>Mestrado<br>Ciências Economicas<br>Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
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Dias, Maria João Saraiva. "Diversificação das exportações : o caso português." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10475.
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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais<br>O objectivo deste trabalho é analisar como têm evoluído as exportações portuguesas de bens ao longo das últimas duas décadas, caracterizar as empresas que exportam e perceber se estas têm ou não seguido uma estratégia de diversificação (quer geográfica quer de produto), para aumentar as suas vendas ao exterior. A metodologia escolhida foi o estudo de caso e as análises efectuadas tiveram por base os dados estatísticos do comércio internacional português, entre 1988 e 2009, disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Verificou-se que, apesar do crescimento observado nas exportações ao longo do período em estudo, este não se deve a uma estratégia de diversificação, uma vez que as empresas portuguesas têm tendência a exportar cada vez mais para um único mercado e um número reduzido de produtos. Estes resultados poderão ajudar a perceber a realidade do comércio externo português e levar a questionar se este é o melhor caminho a seguir, tendo em conta a importância que as exportações têm no actual contexto económico.<br>The aim of this study is to analyze how portuguese exports of goods have evolved over the past two decades, characterize the companies that export and understand whether or not they have followed a diversification strategy (both geographic and product diversification), to increase their sales abroad. The methodology chosen was the case study and the analysis made were based on statistical data from the portuguese international trade between 1988 and 2009, provided by Instituto Nacional de Estatística. It was found that, despite the growth observed in the exports over the studied period, this is not due to a diversification strategy, since portuguese companies tend to export increasingly to only one market and only a few products. These results may help to understand the reality of portuguese external trade and lead to question whether this is the best way forward, taking into account the importance of exports in the current economic context.
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Molla, Kiflu Gedefe. "Essays in International trade, exchange rates and prices." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-137002.
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This thesis consists of three self-contained essays in International Trade, Exchange Rates and Prices. Although independent, these essays share some common themes. The first two papers can be related to the vast literature on exchange rate pass-through to prices. While the first paper uses firm-product level data from Sweden to study firms’ export price response to movements in exchange rate, the second paper employs aggregate level data from Ethiopia and looks at the issue from the importers’ perspective. The third paper, like the first paper, uses Swedish firm-level data and investigates firms’ exporting behavior. The third paper, however, specifically focuses on export margins of multi-product firms and studies their response when exporting to destinations of different size and distance from the home country.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.</p>
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Ali, Fatimah. "Does primary resource-based industrialisation offer an escape from underdevelopment?" Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002753.
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It is commonly believed about sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that the region has a comparative advantage in primary resources as reflected by its high share of primary exports to total exports. In acknowledging the region's comparative advantage, the study tries to put the determinants from the Wood and Mayer (1998, (999) (W-M) Heckscher-Ohlin based model in the context of two relatively diversified countries (South Africa and Mauritius) and two commodity-export-dependent countries of sub-Saharan Africa (Nigeria and Cô̌̌te d'Ivoire). The study finds that the skill and land resource measures used in the W -M (1998, 1999) thesis do not explain why Nigeria, having a similar level of skill per worker ratio to South Africa, has not diversified. Further, Mauritius having relatively the highest skill per land ratio specialises in low-skill textiles and clothing, while South Africa specialises in the more human capital-intensive "other manufactures" group. The other measure, a low land per worker ratio that explains Mauritius' relatively higher share of manufacturing exports, also fails to apply to Nigeria. The thesis thus concludes that the W-M land and skill measures could only be rough proxies in determining comparative advantage in manufacturing exports. However, employing the Dutch disease hypothesis recognises the potential of land abundance as a natural resource, namely minerals in South Africa, oil in Nigeria, and cocoa in Cǒ̌te d'Ivoire. The Dutch disease is a dynamic process of structural economic and political development that will permit an understanding of why natural resource abundant countries do not have a comparative advantage in manufacturing, at least in the short to medium term. The study therefore investigates commodity dependence and the Dutch disease effects to examine whether primary resource- based industrialisation offers an escape from underdevelopment. It establishes that South Africa, a mineral resource rich country, diversified based on a broad mineral-energy-complex (MEC) reinforcing the notion that land abundant countries will first invest in capital- intensive primary resource processing. However, the thesis concludes that in Nigeria and Cǒ̌te d'Ivoire where external shocks are more predominant probably because of single commodity export reliance, the manufacturing sector lags behind more due to resource and spending effects that a natural resource boom generates in these economies.
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Pandian, S. Gnanasekara. "Changing dimensions of single European market : implications for the non-member countries : a case study on India's textile and clothing exports." Thesis, University of Hull, 2000. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8366.
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The implications of the single European market on India's exports of textile and clothing industries to the EU can be summarised in the following four statements: 1. The trade creation effect has been witnessed for many of India’s textile and clothing exports. It is the consumption effects, rather than the efficiency related effects, that stimulated the trade creation effect for India's exports to the EU. The benefits of the trade creation for India's textile exports are absolute as India continued to maintain its role as a leading textile exporting nation to the EU. Since India's textile exporters did not witness any intense competition from the geographically adjacent non-member countries, or from the distant non-member countries, the Indian textile exporters continued to reap the benefits of the trade creation effect in the single European market. Even the leading distant non-member countries, which are traditional exporters like China, did not pose greater competition to India's textile exports to the EU. 2. There has been a trade diversion effect in selected product categories. This is particularly true in the case of garment exports. The arrival of the imports from Central and East European countries constituted direct competition to India's exports to the EU. There has also been an intense competition among the garment exporting countries. This is particularly true in the case of the geographically adjacent non-member countries. These countries exploit the maximum benefits offered to them by the EU's OPT with these countries. This is facilitated by the member countries' preference to keep their textile industries at home. 3. There has not been any trade suppression effect witnessed in the EU for India's textile and clothing exports. Though the traditional arguments of customs union theory expected the trade suppression effect to be witnessed in the enlarged market, this has not been witnessed in the European textile and clothing industries. Two reasons could explain the lack of trade suppression effect in the EU. The member countries' success in the OPT dissuade them from resorting to the domestic production of the same goods, which could be successfully produced and imported from the geographically adjacent non-member countries. Though there have been protectionist tendencies in many of the member countries to insulate their textile and clothing industries against low-cost imports, they have not resulted in the trade suppression effect in the EU. Even though the member countries witness a decline in their textile and clothing industries consistently, there has not been any effort to replace low-cost imports by domestic production. This is mainly because of the liberal trade regime, imposed on the developed member countries under the multilateral trade negotiations, which make trade in this industry more competitive. 4. However there has been the trade contraction effect witnessed in one particular product category. The trade in silk woven fabrics witnessed an overall fall in its trade both within and without the EU. But this could not be attributed to the formation of the single European market. The developed member countries' changing fabric preference from silk towards artificial fabric could be attributed to the fall in the EU's overall trade in this product category. Nevertheless the EU's trade contraction effect did not have any adverse effect on India's exports because India is the leading exporter in this product category (accounting for about 46 per cent of extra-EU imports in 1999).
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Bajgar, Matej. "Essays on firms and globalisation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cdee11d5-263e-4d9a-a11f-10e0f019bc2a.
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This dissertation consists of three stand-alone substantive chapters. It examines how various aspects of globalisation - openness to international trade, inflows of foreign direct investment and exposure to foreign demand shocks - affect economic performance through their impact on individual firms. The first substantive chapter presents a theoretical model of international trade with heterogeneous firms that differ not only by their productivity but also by the distortions they face. For a particular distribution of productivity and distortions, it shows that the distortions which affect the domestic and export sales in the same way and are correlated with productivity reduce the welfare gains from trade, while the distortions affecting only domestic sales tend to increase them. In addition, it documents that correlated distortions lead to a bias in an influential recent method for estimating the gains from trade. The following chapter empirically examines the link between the presence of multinational companies and the export sophistication of domestic firms in an emerging economy. The analysis is based on the matched firm and customs panel data from Romania covering the period 2005-11. The results show a positive relationship between the unit values of goods exported and imported by Romanian firms and the multinational companies' presence in downstream (input sourcing) industries. These results are consistent with quality upgrading being an additional channel through which local suppliers benefit from contacts with their multinational customers. The last chapter examines how Romanian manufacturing firms reacted to a dramatic drop in the export demand during the global trade collapse of 2008 and 2009. The exogenous effect of a fall in exports is identified by instrumenting exports with a firm-specific index of foreign demand. The results indicate that exporting firms were unable to redirect their sales to the domestic market and were forced to abruptly reduce their employment, material expenditure and investment, passing the shock to their suppliers. The results suggest that the export status of a firm may be a poor predictor of its vulnerability to a negative foreign demand shock.
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Castañeda, Corzo Nicolás. "Exportaciones de uva peruana al mercado chino: efectos de la implementación del tratado de libre comercio entre Perú y China." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/650433.
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El presente documento analiza los efectos que tuvo el tratado de libre comercio suscrito entre Perú y China en el año 2009 sobre las exportaciones no tradicionales, enfocándose principalmente en las exportaciones de uvas frescas para determinar posibles implicancias. El documento inicia explicando la evolución del mercado peruano y sus exportaciones no tradicionales, así como las exportaciones de uvas antes y después de la implementación del tratado de libre comercio. Luego, se explican algunas de las principales teorías de comercio internacional con las cuales se construyo el modelo de estimación que se encuentra en el documento. Posteriormente, se muestran las variables que son incluidas en el modelo de estimación y su comportamiento a través de los años en los que se realiza el estudio. Finalmente, se muestra el modelo utilizado y los resultados obtenidos del efecto que tuvo directamente la implementación del tratado sobre las exportaciones, aislando los factores sobre los cuales no se tuvo control, donde se encuentra un efecto positivo de la implementación del tratado de libre comercio con china sobre las exportaciones de uvas aumentando las exportaciones en aproximadamente 1.1917% por año.<br>This document analyzes the effects of the free trade agreement signed between Peru and China in 2009 on non-traditional exports, focusing mainly on fresh grapes exports to determine possible implications. The document begins by explaining the evolution of the Peruvian market and its non-traditional exports, as well as the exports of grapes before and after the implementation of the free trade agreement. Then, some of the main international trade theories with which the estimation model found in the document was constructed are explained. Subsequently, the variables that are included in the estimation model and their behavior are shown throughout the years in which the study is carried out. Finally, it shows the model used and the results obtained from the effect that the implementation of the treaty on exports had directly, isolating the factors over which there was no control, where there is a positive effect of the implementation of the free trade agreement with China on grape exports increasing exports by approximately 1.1917% per year.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Liu, Qing, and 刘青. "Essays on multinational firms: export, FDI, and cross-border acquisitions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45151143.
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Stone, Trudy-Ann. "Firms in Global Value Chains : An Analysis of the Determinants and Effects of the Changing Location of International Production." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13285.
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This thesis deals with the globalization of production, a salient feature of the modern economy. The development of international outsourcing as a widespread business practice and the simultaneous decrease in trade and transport costs have contributed to the growth of a phenomenon known as global value chains. The main aim of the thesis is to understand how global value chains alter the location of economic activity. The thesis also studies the extent of firms' participation in global value chains and its consequences for firm performance. The thesis consists of four papers studying the behavior of firms in global value chains. Paper 1 analyzes how production fragmentation influences the importing and exporting behavior of Swedish firms in the manufacturing sector. Paper 2 focuses on manufacturing firms in the ICT sector and analyzes the effect of global sourcing on firm performance. In Paper 3, the thesis examines deeper implications of global production by investigating whether exposure to trade raises firms' sensitivity to external shocks. The final paper in the thesis studies the location patterns of multinational firms and analyzes the effect of institutional distance on the number of multinational entries in developing countries. A number of patterns emerge from these studies. The first is that Swedish manufacturing firms increasingly participate in global value chains by sourcing production inputs from overseas to create products for local and foreign customers. As a result, global value chains help to alter the specialization patterns of manufacturing firms. The second finding is that firms reap benefits from global sourcing in the form of greater efficiency. However, global sourcing may also raise the responsiveness of firms to negative external shocks. The final key result points to a developing trend in the location of activity in which emerging market multinational firms are becoming significant sources of foreign direct investment flows and their investment patterns challenge existing theories of multinational location choice.
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Şentürk, Canan Kösekahyaoğlu Levent. "Dış ticaret-büyüme ilişkisi üzerine bir inceleme: Türkiye ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ihracata dayalı büyüme hipotezinin testi /." Isparta : Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2007. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TS00565.pdf.
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Kumru, Utku. "Essays on multinational firms strategic trade policy, exporting, and productivity /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/454163224/viewonline.
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Tang, Uymeng. "The Recent Development of the Cambodian Garment Industry: Global Firms, Government Policies, and Exports to the US." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1461951888.
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Sultani, Kasim. "Sveriges krigsmateriel och vapenexport till Arabemiraten och Saudiarabein : En kvalitativ studie om krigsmateriel och vapenexport utifrån liberalistiska och realistiska synsätt." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104884.
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Weapons can be good for their own safety at the same time, weapons can be a way to make money, by selling weapons. On the other hand, weapons can be a way to oppress people and protect their interests. The arms trade has been an important part of the Swedish economy. A significantly important thing that is increasingly normalized today is more arms exports to more countries This research problem I want to address is Sweden’s arms and munition exports to Saudi Arabia and the UAE between 2015 and 2020. It was in 2015 that Yemen war took place, and these countries chose to expand and strengthen their defense force to battle their enemies in the Yemen war. The purpose of this essay is how can Sweden’s weapons and munition exports to the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia be explained based on realism and liberalism. Realism and liberalism are theories that can help me to examine and understand the subject I chose. The subject is very controversial because of the humanitarian situation in Yemen and very interesting to examine. The thesis' approach will be carried out based on qualitative methods where I will use content analysis. Qualitative methods mean that all material collected during the work leads to a desire to dig deeper to analyze. My approach will consist of mass media articles, internet slurs, and debate articles, these sources publish by magazines, collections, and other sources. As a result, Sweden has expanded its arms and munitions exports to Saudi Arabia and the UAE. The result of the study shows that realism characterizes the international scene and international relations.
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Opperman, Pieter. "The relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and manufacturing exports and imports in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95591.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>In recent years South Africa has started to embark on policies to increase FDI and boost the country’s manufacturing sector. FDI inflows are important for their perceived role of bridging the savings-investment gap, while increasing the country’s manufacturing capacity will help diversify the economy and could contribute towards job creation. The literature has revealed that the debate on causality between FDI and trade has not yet been resolved. Furthermore, the FDI/trade relationship has not been adequately addressed in African literature.
The research study has investigated the causal link between FDI and manufacturing exports and FDI and manufacturing imports in South Africa for the period 1994 – 2011. Unit root tests of stationarity were performed on the respective time series and it was found that the included variables are non-stationary at their levels, but stationary at first differences. Tests of cointegration revealed that FDI and manufacturing exports as well as FDI and manufacturing imports and vice versa were cointegrated, implying a long-run relationship between the two sets of variables. The study then utilised causality tests based on the significance of the ECM coefficient as well simple Granger causality tests in a bivariate setting.
The results indicate one-way causality from manufacturing exports to FDI and from manufacturing imports to FDI. These results suggest that exports and imports of the manufacturing sector matter in the locational inflows of FDI in South Africa. It is recommended that the South African government should encourage FDI policies that have an export component or export strategy. This could attract more FDI inflows that would close the investment gap in the manufacturing sector.
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Sahan, Fatih. "The Impact Of Technology Level And Structural Change Of Exports On The Dynamics Of International Competitiveness: A Sectoral Disaggregated Analysis Of Turkish Manufacturing Sector." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614719/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The major aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of structural change of exports and technology level on the international competitiveness. In order to analyze international competitiveness, export market shares are used. The empirical analysis suggested in this thesis includes two steps. In the first step, constant market share analysis is conducted to understand the causes of changes in export market shares from one period to another and in the second step a difference generalized method of moments model is proposed for 44 manufacturing sectors, which are classified with respect to their technology intensities, over 2003- 2008 period. The results are highly sensitive to the technology intensity of sectors.