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1
Yankam, Lemdjo Franck Maxime. "Examining the human rights implications of the political prohibition clause of the World Bank operations in Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/37382.
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Cheung, Lo. "International financial centers under different political systems a study of financial center development in China /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36548340.
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Cheung, Lo, and 張露. "International financial centers under different political systems: a study of financial center development inChina." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36548340.
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Lukanda, Kapwadi Francky. "Legal accountability of international financial institutions in financing development." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/67776.
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This study interrogated the softness and hardness of the law of IFIs to determine the extent to
which underlying accountability mechanisms have achieved or failed to achieve the level of
accountability and justice expected by affected non-state third parties. It also aimed at
investigating the process of financing for development in order to further the understanding of
the challenges of holding IFIs to account for the unintended consequences of the projects they
have funded. The study critically examined the legal accountability mechanisms of selected
IFIs at the institutional, international, and domestic levels to highlight their strengths and
weaknesses. The study showed that the robustness, practicability, and comprehensiveness of
the standards against which the performance of IFIs is assessed are the determining factors of
a better accountability process outcome. An outcome which truly advances the interests of an
account holder without diluting his/her/it legally protected rights. However, the legal
framework of IFI-operations does not provide the same standard of protections to IFIs, their
clients, and affected non-state third parties. While the first two categories of stakeholders seem
to enjoy a robust protection, laws and policies have been used sparingly regarding the
protection of the last category of stakeholders. The weakness of the standards that apply to
affected non-state third parties during the design, appraisal, and implementation of IFI-funded
projects does not enhance a prospect of an accountability process outcome which truly
advances the interest of this category of stakeholders. The study made some recommendations,
including a shift in the focus of existing laws and policies towards a greater protection of the
interests of affected non-state third parties. It also recommended the inclusion of community
development agreements in the overall project structure to ensuring that affected non-state third
parties and other local stakeholders benefit from an IFI-funded project.Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Centre for Human Rights
LLD
Unrestricted
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Cary, Nailling. "Joining international financial institutions : a normative influence of international organizations as epistemic communities /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1850519311&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1279311958&clientId=22256.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Mississippi, 2008.Typescript. Vita. Committee chair: Timothy Nordstrom Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-187). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.
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Vattuone, Santiago Esteban. "Essays on the political economy of international financial institutions aid." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3311.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Iwanow, Tomasz. "Essays on institutions and international trade." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-institutions-and-international-trade(2c25e914-f996-477f-aa9c-5fb746ee4672).html.
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The Thesis analyses the impact that humanly devised institutions, defined as “formal and informal constraints on political, economic, and social interactions”, have on international trade and the patterns comparative advantage. The key assumption of the Thesis is that although institutions impact on the whole economy they may influence some sectors more than others. Industry‘s dependence on institutions is a technological feature of production. Hence, for example, industries that require a large number of intermediate inputs for production will be more dependent on the quality of contract enforcement regulation for their growth. The Thesis analyses 4 different sub-components of institutional quality: contract enforcement, financial development, property rights and labour market institutions. The Thesis’ hypotheses regarding each of these sub-components are as follows: 1. Countries with more efficient contract enforcement regulations will specialize (have a comparative advantage) in more complex sectors that depend on contracts with suppliers/producers for their growth.2. Countries with more secure property rights will specialize in sectors that are more dependent on intangible assets for production.3. Countries with higher financial development will have a comparative advantage in sectors that are more dependent on external finance for their growth.4. Countries with more flexible labour markets will specialize in more volatile industries. In order to test these assumptions we construct three econometric models (Chapters 4-6). In Chapter 4 we assess how contract enforcement regulations, financial development, property rights and labour market institutions impact on trade volumes using a well-known gravity model. In Chapter 5 we test whether these sub-components have an impact on growth of value-added at industry level. Finally, in chapter 6 the impact on firms’ productivity is tested. The results show that contract enforcement regulations and financial development affect countries’ comparative advantage by affecting countries trade flows, value-added and productivity in a way consistent with the hypothesis. The results regarding the other two institutional sub-components are mixed but we do find some evidence the countries with more secure property rights export more and have higher value-added growth in sectors that are more dependent on intangible assets. These results are robust to different specifications. Using a novel set of instrumental variables we show that causality runs from institutions to trade, value-added and productivity rather than the reverse. We supplement the empirical evidence with a case-study of Lesotho’s textiles and garment industry and also find some evidence that this export-oriented industry emerged in Lesotho at least partly due to this country’s good institutions that are better than its African competitors. From a policy perspective our results imply that institutional and regulatory reform - especially in enforcement of contracts and financial sector regulations - may enhance the capacity of poor countries to move up to specialization into higher-valued products and to reap benefits from international integration.
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Horta, Korinna. "The politics of policy and practice : international financial institutions and biodiversity." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29012/.
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This thesis is concerned with the accountability of public international financial institutions to their constituencies at global and local geographic scales. It investigates the compliance of the World Bank and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) with their own environmental and social policies as they relate to biodiversity protection. While the World Bank and the GEF pursue a global environmental agenda, their environmental and social policies commit the institutions to building bridges between the global and the local levels by requiring the participation of locally affected communities in decision-making. The study investigates the compliance with the policies in a specific geographic, political and economic space. Cameroon was chosen because both institutions consider the country's biodiversity to be of global significance and are financing operations which have indirect and direct impacts on its biodiversity. The operations investigated include World Bank macro-economic policy advice and traditional investments in infrastructure projects as well as a GEF project specifically designed to protect biodiversity. The central finding of this research is that the institutions comply only partially and in an uneven manner with their own mandatory policy guidelines. In order to mitigate the risk of studying the institutions' operations in only one country and to ascertain possible systemic patterns of institutional behaviour, the results of the case studies are contrasted with the institutions internal evaluation reports covering their overall portfolios. A political ecology approach to international financial institutions is used to examine the political factors behind the emergence of the institutions' biodiversity agenda and the implementation of their operational policies. Analytical tools from both political science and the areas of sociology and economics concerned with theory of organization are employed to further the understanding of the functioning of the global institutions. Finally, the thesis seeks to contribute to defining the characteristics of global institutions which can mediate between the global and local levels by creating spaces of negotiation in which a plurality of views are taken into account.
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Formai, Sara. "Heterogeneous firms, international trade and institutions." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1593.
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This thesis consists of three independent papers, ordered chronologically with respect to when they were initiated. Empirical research has established that there are large and persistent productivity differences among firms in narrowly defined industries (Bartelsman and Doms, 2000). Other studies, in particular Bernard and Jensen (1999), have shown the existence of a causal link running from ex-ante firm productivity to export decisions. Furthermore, exposure to trade has been found to enhance growth opportunities only for some firms, reallocating market shares and resources toward the more productive ones and contributing thus to aggregate productivity growth (Clerides, Lach and Tybout, 1998; Bernard and Jensen, 2004). These findings have led to the development of new theoretical models emphasizing the interaction between firm heterogeneity and fixed market entry costs in generating international trade and inducing aggregate productivity growth. The first and third chapters of this thesis extend the framework developed by Melitz (2003) to analyze the implications of firm heterogeneity for old and new issues in international trade. The first paper studies the effect of trade liberalization between countries that differ in their relative endowment of skilled workers when growth-promoting R&D activities are skill intensive with respect to goods production. In particular, the analysis focuses on the changes that falling trade costs induce on consumer welfare and on the number of firms active in the different markets. The third paper uses the heterogeneous firm framework to study the interaction between financial constraints and the market entry behavior of firms. It also analyzes whether the impact of trade liberalization on average firm productivity and on individual welfare is affected by the presence of credit frictions. The second chapter presents an empirical work that contributes to the recent but fast growing literature that studies how different institutions and their level of development affect countries comparative advantage. The analysis presented in this paper focuses on the role of legal and financial institution in driving the specialization in contract-intensive goods and on how the degree of institutional development interacts with the propensity of firms to vertical integrate with their suppliers.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2011
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Baechel, Nicholas John. "Relief agency, hegemon, or failure? an evaluation of the IMF as crisis manager /." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1163097350.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Akron, Dept. of History, 2006."December, 2006." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 12/31/2008) Advisor, Walter L. Hixson; Co-Advisor, Jane Kate Leonard; Department Chair, Walter L. Hixson; Dean of the College, Ronald F. Levant; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lenzer, Jr James Hans. "From path creation to path dependence in international financial centre development : the emergence of the entrepreneurial financial firm." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197521.
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International financial centre (IFC) development is a hot topic in today’s global arena at the political state level and within academic circles as they can have a significant impact on national, regional and local economies. A critical review of the literature on this topic reveals that not much scholarly attention has been directed towards how IFCs develop from within, more specifically how local entrepreneurial activity contributes to the advancement and evolution of an IFC. In addition, a number of different theories such as path dependence and the concept of social networks have been used as alternative frameworks to explain the phenomena of spatial agglomeration in international financial centres (IFCs); however, these theories haven’t either been properly constructed in a geographical context, empirically applied in a convincing manner or been further investigated using different methodological frameworks.
Through the lens of the entrepreneurial hedge fund (EHF) firm and by incorporating a multiple methodological approach (quantitative, descriptive and spatial analysis); this research investigates four separate empirical lines of inquiry in regard to either the firm, its proprietor or the IFC that focuses on micro characteristics, spatial characteristics, the general business arena and development mechanisms.
The major empirical findings are that the EHF firm can be classified as small and large based on a number of different factors; while the proprietor is a well educated individual who was previously employed as a high level manager of a large multinational corporation and has previous career ties to the investment banking and traditional fund management sectors. EHF firms agglomerate in IFCs with the most intense clustering occurring within close proximity to the nucleus of the main financial district and other agglomeration patterns are evident. Categorically, government and regulatory factors and people factors are considered as the most important competiveness factors of an IFC. When compared as a whole with previously conducted studies, the findings were found to be statistically indifferent; however, at the individual factor level there are distinct differences. The factors that trigger entrepreneurial behavior are endogenous in nature and the top barriers encountered were customer related followed by employee recruitment and regulatory issues. Finally, human agency and social networks are an integral part of the entrepreneurial process and can be categorized into five separate groups with professional and associate considered to be the most important.
This study makes three theoretical contributions on developmental aspects of IFCs. First, a spatial agglomeration model is proposed based on areal differentiation that is derived from the established and changing patterns in the human landscape and its institutions. Second, the theory of path creation is introduced along with social network interaction to account for the genesis of new financial firms at a micro level and a ‘path as processes’ model that incorporates ‘place dependence—path creation—path dependence’ as an economic process is proposed to illustrate the development of the alternative asset management sector which ultimately contributes to the advancement and evolution of an IFC in the defined study area.published_or_final_version
Geography
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Kammel, Armin J. "The law of international banking institutions : a comparative analysis /." Vienna : Mille Tre, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/494675012.pdf.
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Tadeg, Mesenbet Assefa. "The right to development as a normative framework for the human rights obligations of International Financial Institutions." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8062.
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Discusses the human rights obligations of International Financial Institutions and suggests different human rights accountability mechanisms through the Right to Development paradigmThesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.
A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Jaap de Visser, Faculty of Law, University of Western Cape, South Africa
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Sulimani, Foday. "The False Promise of International Financial Institutions in Building Stable Democracies in Third World Countries." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1183402800.
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Vandome, Christopher. "A critical analysis of international financial institutions' understanding of political corruption : a focus on the IMF, World Bank, and the ANC." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11820.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation argues that the IFIs’ understanding of corruption, and thus their anticorruption and good governance policies and prescriptions, is based on the conceptualisation of corruption as a state centric phenomenon. As such, they are not concerned with corruption as a systematic problem. The IFIs’ definitions and views, although legitimate, prudent, and legal, are actually the road to ineffectiveness. But broader and more effective policies would require the IFIs to delve into domestic politics. Such political involvement would entail a great deal of risk on their part, and would be beyond their mandate and their appetite. In order to demonstrate this, this dissertation presents an overview of political corruption and the important role of the party in both the causes and consequences of systematic political corruption. The focus is on the relationship between the political party and the various systems of governance. The case of the ANC in South Africa is used to analyse whether an understanding of political corruption is necessary.
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Guder, Leonie F. "The administration of debt relief by the international financial institutions : a legal reconstruction of the HIPC Initiative /." Berlin : Springer, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3159250&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Guder, Leonie F. "The administration of debt relief by the international financial institutions a legal reconstruction of the HIPC initiative." Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer, 2007. http://d-nb.info/990521990/04.
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Hasdemir, Fatih. "The reform of the economies of developing countries under the influence of international financial institutions : the case of Turkey." Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318996.
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Dixon, Mark Kimberley. "Effects on international trade and trade finance of a transition to electronic methods." University of Western Australia. School of Economics and Commerce, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0122.
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Malone, Yates & Benjamin (1987) made predictions about the impact of information technology and systems on the organisation of firms and markets based on transaction cost effects discussed earlier by Coase (1937) and Williamson (1975). Evans and Wurster (1999, 2000) examined these ideas in terms of “richness and reach”. Berger, Hancock & Marquardt (1996) proposed a framework for analysing efficiency, risks, costs and innovations in the payments system. In this, they called for additional research into risks and costs in various aspects of the international payments systems and offered a framework for such an examination. This dissertation examines these and other authors’ work from the literature, follows the development of actual systems newly implemented for international trade finance, and considers the impacts of electronic commerce on the field of international trade finance, in particular its effect on the costs and risks involved. This question is important because the burden of paper-based documentation that controls international trade is approximately 6% of $USD7.5 trillion per year. If efficiencies, even small ones, can be gained in this overhead cost, at an acceptable level of risk, then a substantial saving in real dollar terms can be achieved each year, improving the efficiency of world trade and easing the burden on both suppliers and consumers worldwide. The research questions are examined by means of a three round Delphi survey (three iterations of questionnaires with analysis and feedback between rounds) of a panel of experts drawn from international bankers, users of trade finance, and academic researchers into international trade finance and e-commerce. The survey first identifies the factors of greatest import and interest. It then digs deeper and seeks consensus on areas where there is divergent opinion, and finally seeks to critique a model based on the Berger, Hancock & Marquardt (1996) model. In the process the panel is able to estimate the approximate size of shifts in both costs and risks expected from the implementation of e-commerce methods. These are examined in light of the Malone Yates & Benjamin (1987) and Evans & Wurster (2000) theories and found to be consistent. This empirical confirmation of theoretical expectation, combined with estimates of the size of change are then used to make specific recommendations to various participants in the field of international trade finance so that they can reap the benefits of the transition in process.
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Wynn, Alexandra. "Theorising transformation : the role of international financial institutions in forming a new mode of social regulation in Russia." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30400.
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International Financial Institutions and various national governments, via their respective bi-lateral donor programmes, have sought to assist in the transformation of the Russian economy since 1991. Initially, the main aim of development programmes was to try and nurture the emergence of a free market economy and democratic society. This thesis argues, however, that too little attention was paid to the necessary evolution of a new mode of social regulation (MSR) that would support an adherence to free market principles. There was an assumption that a new MSR, constituted by social practices/institutions, would emerge spontaneously in response to the changes in the way capital was accumulated. But, IFIs and other donors failed to recognise the embeddedness of social practices and the evolution of hybrid modes of social regulation. Through an analysis of two case study regions, Leningrad and Sakhalin oblasts, and work at the federal level, the thesis demonstrates the importance of understanding the current and fragmented mode(s) of social regulation and processes of governance when trying to theorise about transformation in Russia, as well as in assessing the impact of IFIs and other donors. It is shown that IFIs and donors need to recognise the dominance of disincentives to change and processes of exclusion, which impede the (re)creation of so-called 'appropriate' institutions. Furthermore it is possible to discern as intensification of the process of uneven development as individual regions find their own way with coping with the exigencies of transformation. Explanations for these processes do not just lie in the regions' relationships with federal government, or on the industrial legacies of the Soviet era, but also on individuals, social networks and practices and the different geographies of regional economic regulation.
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Naffa, Mohammad. "The role of international financial institutions in promoting stability in the face of financial misconduct and the possible contribution that Islamic finance can make to stability." Thesis, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, 2017. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/6696/.
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Financial crimes pose a serious threat to the stability and security of the financial system. Financial crimes are tackled via many channels, but a significant role is played by International Financial Institutions (IFIs), which are essentially dependent on the advancement of compliance and integrity-based culture that understands the threats, risks, and actions needed to decrease criminal interference with legitimate businesses and institutions. This thesis examines IFI’s principles, standards and mandates designed to reduce the risk of financial crimes in the international financial system. The prevention regime used by IFIs ranges from employing soft law to a legal framework that requires global cooperative measures and implementation of minimum levels of transparency. IFIs also work to compel disclosure to prevent financial crimes, promote stability and more importantly to create a culture of integrity rather than a culture of compliance. In order to do so, this thesis carries out an analysis of current policies and frameworks adapted by IFIs based on relevant and practical experience. It also evaluates governance structure and decision-making processes with a main focus on compliance issues and how far these are implemented in practice. This thesis also examines whether there is a real threat to the stability of the banking system, and failures of compliance and enforcement measures through a comparative analysis between the American and the British law dealing with financial market regulation and financial crime, through finding lacuna within both systems and evaluating the most rational solutions to promote stability and implement practical compliance. As an example of stability and prosperity in the financial system, this thesis examines the Islamic banking system and whether it is more resilient to financial crime. In conclusion, this thesis analyses the different legal mechanisms and compliance tools within financial institutions through sanctions and cross department regimes, and how far IFIs have the chance to concretely protect the global financial stability. At the end, an assessment and recommendations will be provided.
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Daneberg, Thaís de Freitas. "Impactos da adoção das International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) nos indicadores econômico-financeiros de instituições financeiras brasileiras." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3647.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os impactos da adoção das normas internacionais nos indicadores econômico-financeiros de instituições financeiras brasileiras, por meio dos indicadores de solvência, estrutura patrimonial e de captação, e de rentabilidade. Replicou-se o estudo internacional de Miranda (2008), cujos indicadores econômico-financeiros foram calculados para bancos de alguns países da União Europeia. Outro estudo com influência significativa foi o de Farias et al. (2014). A amostra foi composta de dezenove instituições financeiras listadas na BM&FBovespa e a Caixa Econômica Federal. Os relatórios contábeis foram extraídos preferencialmente da página eletrônica BM&FBovespa, no ano de 2009 no formato BR GAAP e no ano de 2010 a reapresentação de 2009 em IFRS. Para verificação do impacto das normas internacionais, foram realizadas análises por meio da comparação das médias de cada um dos indicadores econômico-financeiros, calculados em ambos os padrões contábeis. Os resultados retornados pelo teste Mann Whitney sinalizaram que não há diferença significativa entre as médias dos indicadores econômico-financeiros de instituições financeiras calculados em BR GAAP e IFRS. O resultado do estudo difere-se do achado de Miranda (2008) no qual, para alguns indicadores e países, foram identificadas diferenças relevantes. Entretanto observou-se por meio da variação das médias que para os indicadores econômico-financeiros: encaixe voluntário, liquidez imediata, alavancagem e retorno sobre o patrimônio líquido, as médias dos resultados foram superiores no formato BR GAAP, enquanto que para participação em empréstimos, empréstimos/depósitos e capitalização, as médias maiores foram encontradas em IFRS. Os principais conceitos que refletiram nas alterações dos indicadores econômico-financeiros foram: a nova classificação de equivalente de caixa, mensuração de valor recuperável das operações de crédito e derivativos, menor provisão para créditos de liquidação duvidosa, aplicação do conceito de valor justo e modificações quanto à participação dos acionistas não controladores. Apesar de não serem encontradas alterações estatisticamente significativas considerou-se que a carteira de crédito cresceu, devido à aplicação da IAS 39, que adia o reconhecimento dos créditos perdidos, assim as IFRS aparentemente aumentaram o conservadorismo das instituições financeiras, também quando considerada a redução dos depósitos e aplicações interfinanceiras de liquidez. Porém sob a ótica das provisões da carteira de crédito elas se mostraram menos conservadoras, proporcionando melhores resultados.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the impacts of the adoption of international standards in economic and financial indicators of Brazilian financial institutions, through the solvency indicators, capital structure and funding, and profitability. Replied to the international study of Miranda (2008), in which economic and financial indicators were calculated for banks in some countries of the European Union. Another study with significant influence was Farias et al.(2014). The sample consisted of nineteen financial institutions listed on the BM&FBovespa and the Caixa Econômica Federal. Financial reporting, preferably were taken from the web page BM&FBovespa, in 2009 in BR GAAP format and in 2010 the 2009 restatement under IFRS. To verify the impact of international standards, analyzes were performed by comparing the averages of each economic and financial indicators, calculated in both accounting standards. The results returned by Mann Whitney test indicate that there is no significant difference between the means of economic and financial indicators of financial institutions calculated in BR GAAP and IFRS. The result of the study differs from Miranda’s finding (2008) in which significant differences were identified for some indicators and countries. However it was observed by varying: the averages for the economic and financial voluntary fitting indicators, immediate liquidity, leverage and return on equity, that the average of the results was higher in BR GAAP format, while that for participation in loans, loans / deposits and savings, the highest means were found in IFRS. The main concepts reflecting changes at economic and financial indicators were: the new cash equivalents classification, measurement of impairment of loans and derivatives, less allowance for doubtful accounts, the idea of fair value and changes as to the non-controlling shareholders. Although not statistically significant changes were found, the loan portfolio grew due to the application of IAS 39, which defers the which defers the recognition of lost assets, so the IFRS apparently increased financial institutions’ conservatism, also when considering the reduction of deposits and interbank investments. But from the perspective of the loan portfolio provisions they were less conservative, providing better results.
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Guder, Leonie F. [Verfasser]. "The administration of debt relief by the international financial institutions : a legal reconstruction of the HIPC initiative / Leonie F. Guder." Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992641055/34.
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Schröder, Christoph [Verfasser], and Claudia M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Buch. "International Banking, Fiscal Institutions and Public Debt : Essays on Financial Market and Fiscal Policy / Christoph Schröder ; Betreuer: Claudia M. Buch." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1197694471/34.
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Ahmed, Naveed. "The impact of structural reform strategies of international financial institutions on the rule of law, good governance and development in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80264/.
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This thesis examines the impact of structural reform strategies of International Financial Institutions (IFIs) on the rule of law, good governance and development in Pakistan. In doing so, it explores the extent to which the ethos and instruments of rule of law and good governance could be helpful in mitigating problems of social justice as experienced by Pakistan. One important outlet through which this is explored is the internal factors that have aggravated conditions of poverty and social injustice. The interface of these social variables is made possible by the scale of Pakistan’s social challenges which has culminated in the involvement of IFIs in the country’s internal struggles. But like other countries, the IFIs involvement in Pakistan’s domestic affairs has aggravated social injustice rather than alleviating it. The principal argument of this thesis is that absence of social justice in Pakistan could be attributed to the interaction between IFI policies, weak structures of governance and the rule of law. While IFIs policies have recently attempted to emphasise human rights, good governance and the rule of law, these have been ineffective partly because of IFI submissiveness to strategic interests of the United States and Western powers. The theoretical and analytic framework of the thesis is mediated through Amartya Sen’s capability approach. Capability means: What people can positively achieve is influenced by economic opportunities, political liberties, social powers, and the enabling conditions of good health, basic education, and the encouragement and cultivation of initiatives. The institutional arrangements for these opportunities are also influenced by the exercise of people’s freedoms, through the liberty to participate in social choice and in the making of public decisions that impel the progress of these opportunities (Sen, 1999:5). The theoretical framework is used as the frame upon which to engage the impact of Structural Reform Strategies of IFIs on the rule of law, good governance and development in Pakistan as the case study.
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Van, Schalkwyk Johannes Murray. "An analysis of treaties for the exchange of information for tax purposes impacting a South African retail sector taxpayer and financial institutions trading in the Southern African development community region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15712.
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Based on recent international tax developments, global revenue authorities have identified a need for the exchange of taxpayer information (EOI) to identify both tax evasion and tax avoidance. This will impact the South African Development Community (SADC) tax payers and financial institutions by increasing the need for additional administrative capacity to identify and report such information, and for revenue authorities to share such information in appropriate circumstances. A number of bilateral and multilateral treaties are currently applicable to SADC taxpayers that regulate the exchange of information by revenue authorities. An analytical comparison between these treaties was performed to identify deviations from the Model Tax Convention (MTC) of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Treaties included in the analysis are those relevant for the South African retail sector trading in various African countries. The comparison of the recent SADC peer reviews of exchange of information revealed significant deficiencies in certain treaties and domestic laws regarding the identification of beneficial owners, bank secrecy, confidentiality rules and underlying document retention, and insufficient EOI agreements are in place. Significant work in amending domestic legislation and administrative capacity building is therefore still required for countries in the SADC region before they can be admitted as parties to the OECD Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters. Additional investment in IT systems for revenue authorities will be crucial to handle and keep up with this increased information demand. Information will need to be collected, retained and reported using the agreed XML data standards. Conversely, financial institutions and taxpayers will also need to adjust their own tax systems in order to identify reportable information, and be prepared to comply with ad hoc or periodic requests from revenue authorities, even if it involves the tax affairs and information of third parties. EOI increases the risk for the infringements of a South African retail taxpayer's rights to privacy, confidentiality, just administrative action, access to information and access to courts.
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Nunes, Chaib André. "Institutionalisation de l'économie mondiale : une étude sur le droit applicable aux institutions financières internationales." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D086.
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Cette thèse traite de la manière dont les organisations économiques internationales, plus particulièrement les institutions financières internationales universelles, le FMI et la banque mondiale, établissent le contenu et la forme de leurs espaces de légalité, le traitement de cette tension est fondamental. Généralement, pour l'espace de légalité, cette étude désigne toutes les actions qui, d'une manière ou d'une autre, entrent dans le champ de ce que l'organisation considère comme étant le droit, qu'il soit international ou national.Le recours aux institutions ne commence pas avec la Société des Nations et l'Organisation internationale du travail, au début du XXe siècle, mais bien avant, avec la reconnaissance de diverses autres institutions qui, même si elles ne sont pas des organisations, des administrations ou des tribunaux,donneront forme à ce que l'on appelle désormais le droit international. Ce qui distingue la nature de ces institutions est le processus par lequel elles se sont créées et la finalité qui leur est attribuée. La reconnaissances des différentes institutions comme pierres angulaires de la formation et de la consolidation des espaces sociaux internationaux soulève une question de définition à la fois fondamentale et problématique pour le droit international : qu'est ce qu'une institution en droit internationale ? Telle est la question fondamentale à laquelle cette thèse espère apporter une réponse. Une telle réponse servira de ligne directrice déterminante pour l'ensemble de l'étude. Car l'analyse de la question principale abordée par cette étude, à savoir comment les espaces de légalité des institutions financières internationales - le FMI et la Banque mondiale - sont créées, dépend principalement de la distinction que l'ont fait entre les OI en tant qu'organisations et les OI comme institutions de l'espace social international. Une telle étude doit alors envisager l'examen de ce qui a conduit le domaine du droit international, en particulier celui de l'économie mondiale, à devenir non seulement de plus en plus institutionnalisé, mais aussi organisé. Autrement dit, il faut analyser, d'une part, un processus d’institutionnalisation du domaine du droit international relatif à l'économie mondiale et, d'autre part, la manière dont les institutions individuelles créées au cours de ce processus contribuent également à l'organisation de ce domaine, circonscrivant ainsi l'ordre social sous des pouvoirs structurés. La présente étude est divisée en deux parties, chacune contenant deux parties. En considérant le développement des différentes branches de ce droit (commercial,financier, monétaire), ce travail vise à identifier les conditions dans lesquelles les formes conventionnelles d'action et d'activités dans ces domaines sont devenues des institutions sociales comme le droit et plus particulièrement le droit international. Ce travail examine: 1) la mesure dans laquelle les normes du droit international public qui constituent ce droit économique international influent sur l'action des organisations publiques 2) la mesure dans laquelle ces organisations sont attachées à ce droit international ou s'en distancient en fonction de leur position dans ce domaine ; 3) de quelle manières ces organisations ont un impact plus significatif sur le développement de ce domaine par l'autorégulation (la création des types normatifs autres que les règles positivistes classiques (article 38 de la cour)) ; et 4) quel rôle peuvent jouer les normes du droit international public en dehors de ce champ du droit économique international dans le développement de ces organisationsThis thesis deals with how international economic organizations, more specifically the universal international financial institutions, the IMF and the World bank, establish the content and form of their spaces of legality, the treatment of this tension is fundamental. Generally, for spaces of legality, this study means all action that, in one way or another,fall under the scope whatever the organization sees as being law, be it international or national. The turn to institutions does not begin with the League of Nations and the international Labor Organization,at the beginningof the 20th century, but well before, with the recognition of a variety of other institutionsthat, even though are not organizations, administrations or courts,will give shape to what is now called international law. What distinguishes the nature of such institutions is the process by which they are created and the finality attributed to them. In this respect, treaties, customs, international organizations, although created in differents ways, are all part of the process of instituionalization of international law. The recognition of different institutions as crucial stone to the formation and consolidation of the international social spaces invokes a question of definition which is both fundamental and problematic for inernational law : what is an institution for international law ? This is the fundamental question to which this introduction hopes to provide an answer. Such an answer will serve as a determinant guideline for the whole study. For the analysis of the main issues addressed by this study,that is, of how the spaces of legality of international financial institutions - the IMF and the World bank - are created depends mainly on the distinction one makes between that IOs as organizations and IOs as institutions of the international social space. Such a study must then consider the examination of what has led the field of international law, specifically concerned with the world econonomy, to become not only inceasingly institutionalized, but also organised. In other words, there has to be an analysis on the one hand of a process of institionalizing the field of international law concerned with the world economy, and on the other hand, the way by which individual institutions created during this process also aid in organizing the field, circumscribing the the social order under sructured authorities. This study is divided into two parts, eache containing two chapters. The first part looks and focuses on the process of formation and institutionalization of what is now called "international economic law". Inconsidering the development of different branches (commercial, financial, monetary), this works aims at identifying the conditions under which conventional forms of action and activities in these fields have become social institutions such as law and more specifically international law. This works examines : (1) the extent to which the norms of public international lawmaking up this international economic law impact the action of public organizations ; (2) to what extent these organizations are attached to or distanced themselves from this international law accordind to their position in the field ; (3) in what ways do these organizations have a more significant impact on the development of this field through self-regulation (the creation of other normative types outside the typical positivist rules (Articles 38, of ICJ statute)) and (4) which role can play the norms of public international law outside this field of international economic law on the action of these organizations
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Ramlogan, Julia Indera. "New international bank governance : an empirical study based on interviews with chairpersons, board members, CEOs and governance experts of global financial institutions /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz311478263inh.htm.
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Taniguchi, Rie. "Dueling Development Models: Japan's Challenge to the Washington Consensus in the 1990s." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104886.
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Thesis advisor: Sarah BabbIn the early 1990s, at the height of the Washington Consensus, its hegemonic model of neoliberal development was strongly challenged by Japan, the U.S.’s greatest ally. The key event characterizing this challenge occurred when Japan’s Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (OECF) began criticizing the World Bank’s famous Structural Adjustment Loans (SALs). This subsequently led to the publication of the “East Asian Miracle Report” by the World Bank financed by the Japanese government. This poses a great puzzle considering Japan’s historically submissive and politically deferential relationship with the U.S. since the end of World War II. I address two questions in my thesis to solve the above puzzle: (1) why did the Japanese state choose to oppose American ideological hegemony in the 1990s? (2) how did the ideas involved in this challenge develop within and beyond the institution of Japanese policy bureaucracy? The theory and methods used in this paper are inspired by the historical institutionalist tradition in sociology and political science. I argue that the shift in Japan’s foreign aid strategy in the late 1980s was driven by a mixture of economic, institutional and political factors. This along with the escalating influence of the Washington Consensus and its interference with Japanese aid policy, drove Japan to oppose American ideological hegemony in the 1990s. Furthermore, tracing the policy discourses of the OECF during this period revealed that not only economic and political factors, but also the developmentalist idea that valued the central role of the state in its economic development was essential in instigating Japan’s construction and promotion of its own development model. I conclude that Japan’s challenge was both a local and a global social construct, developed in the processes of transnational interaction with other states and their actors, and drawing on internationally available economic ideas
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
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Dimova, Dilyana. "The role of consumer leverage in financial crises." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cdc19fb0-183e-414e-90a6-ddac394e2ed1.
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This thesis demonstrates that consumer leverage can contribute to financial crises such as the subprime mortgage crisis characterised by increased bankruptcy prospects and tightened credit access. A recession may follow even when the leveraged sector is not a production sector and can be triggered by seeming positive events such as a technological innovation and a relaxation of borrowing conditions. The first preliminary chapter updates the Bernanke, Gertler and Gilchrist (1999) approach with financial frictions in the production sector to a two-sector model with consumption and housing. It shows that credit frictions in the capital financing decisions of housing firms are not sufficient to capture the negative consumer experience with falling housing prices and relaxed credit access during the recession. The second chapter brings the model closer to the subprime mortgage crisis by shifting credit constraints to the consumer mortgage market. Increased supply of houses lowers asset prices and reduces the value of the real estate collateral used in the mortgage which in turn worsens the leverage of indebted consumers. A relaxation of borrowing conditions turns credit-constrained households into a potential source of disturbances themselves when market optimism allows them to raise their leverage with little downpayment. Both cases demonstrate that although households are not production agents, their worsening debt levels can trigger a lasting financial downturn. The third chapter develops a chained mortgage contracts model where both homeowner consumers and the financial institutions that securitize their mortgage loan are credit-constrained. Adding credit constraints to the financial sector that provides housing mortgages creates opportunities for risk sharing where banks shift some of the downturn onto indebted consumers in order to hasten their own recovery. This consequence is especially evident in the case of relaxed credit access for banks. Financial institutions repair their debt position relatively fast at the expense of consumers whose borrowing ability is squeezed for a long period despite the fact that they may not be the source of the disturbance. The result mirrors the recent subprime mortgage crisis characterised by a sharp but brief decline for banks and a protracted recovery for mortgaged households.
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Ackerman, Mariana. "Building cultural capital through value-driven leadership : a case study in an international finance company /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/923/.
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Stone, Trudy-Ann. "Firms in Global Value Chains : An Analysis of the Determinants and Effects of the Changing Location of International Production." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13285.
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This thesis deals with the globalization of production, a salient feature of the modern economy. The development of international outsourcing as a widespread business practice and the simultaneous decrease in trade and transport costs have contributed to the growth of a phenomenon known as global value chains. The main aim of the thesis is to understand how global value chains alter the location of economic activity. The thesis also studies the extent of firms' participation in global value chains and its consequences for firm performance. The thesis consists of four papers studying the behavior of firms in global value chains. Paper 1 analyzes how production fragmentation influences the importing and exporting behavior of Swedish firms in the manufacturing sector. Paper 2 focuses on manufacturing firms in the ICT sector and analyzes the effect of global sourcing on firm performance. In Paper 3, the thesis examines deeper implications of global production by investigating whether exposure to trade raises firms' sensitivity to external shocks. The final paper in the thesis studies the location patterns of multinational firms and analyzes the effect of institutional distance on the number of multinational entries in developing countries. A number of patterns emerge from these studies. The first is that Swedish manufacturing firms increasingly participate in global value chains by sourcing production inputs from overseas to create products for local and foreign customers. As a result, global value chains help to alter the specialization patterns of manufacturing firms. The second finding is that firms reap benefits from global sourcing in the form of greater efficiency. However, global sourcing may also raise the responsiveness of firms to negative external shocks. The final key result points to a developing trend in the location of activity in which emerging market multinational firms are becoming significant sources of foreign direct investment flows and their investment patterns challenge existing theories of multinational location choice.
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Cezar, Vasconcellos Barros Rafael. "The effects of Financial & Institutional Systems on International Trade, Specialization and Foreign Direct Investment." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957913.
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This thesis examines the impact of institutions, especially the financial institutions, on international trade and foreign direct investments. The first four chapters study the financial institutions and their impact on trade and international specialization. Specifically, the first chapter examines these financial institutions and the determinants of their level of development. The second chapter examines how finance impacts bilateral trade. The third chapter builds a theoretical model and aims to explain the impact of finance on the sectoral trade as a function of the degree of financial intensity of each sector. The fourth chapter analyzes the heterogeneous impact of finance on the different manufacturing sectors. The last chapter of the thesis uses the term "institution" in a broader sense and studies theoretically and empirically whether the similarities and differences in institutional environments across countries explain the international patterns of foreign direct investment (FDI).
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Harun, Ibrahim. "The impact of privatisation of water supply and services on the fulfilment of human water rights in selected developing countries." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5157_1367483357.
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Lisboa, João de Jesus. "Contributo para a história do setor financeiro em Angola." Master's thesis, Universidade Portucalense, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1389.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Finanças.O presente trabalho, intitulado “O Contributo para a História do Setor Financeiro em Angola”, visa o estudo dos factos e acontecimentos ligados à história do sistema financeiro angolano, em particular e da história de Angola em geral, tendo como cenário os principais acontecimentos que marcaram a história do sistema financeiro desde o período colonial até aos nossos dias, de modo a demonstrarmos a evolução e funcionamentos dos diferentes setores e o seu impacto no sistema financeiro angolano. Para materializar este objetivo, realizámos uma caracterização dos principais factos ligados ao sistema financeiro internacional, uma vez que as instituições financeiras internacionais e os mercados financeiros internacionais têm jogado um papel decisivo sobre as economias regionais e nacionais. Por outro lado, descrevemos o estado atual do sistema financeiro africano, bem como o impacto que as mudanças no sistema financeiro internacional têm provocado no sistema financeiro africano. No presente trabalho, abordamos ainda o contributo que as instituições financeiras nacionais e estrangeiras têm dado para o crescimento económico e social do país, sem entretanto colocar de parte as dificuldades que o setor financeiro e as instituições financeiras têm enfrentado. Por último, realçamos os esforços empreendidos tendo em vista a modernização e expansão das instituições financeiras em Angola e as políticas tendentes à redução do impacto das crises do sistema financeiro internacional no sistema financeiro nacional e da liberalização financeira em Angola. A partir da análise minuciosa dos indicadores económicos, concluímos que Angola caminha para um sistema financeiro forte e as reformas tendem a transformar o país num centro financeiro regional, registando-se um aumento dos investimentos privados e o crescimento real do produto interno bruto e do setor não petrolífero.
This study, entitled "Contribution to the History of the Financial Sector in Angola", aims to study the facts and events surrounding the history of the Angolan financial system, and in particular the history of Angola in general, against the backdrop of major events marked the history of the financial system since the colonial period to the present day, in order to demonstrate the evolution and workings of the different sectors and their impact on the Angolan financial system. To materialize this objective, we performed a characterization of the essential facts related to the international financial system, since the international financial institutions and international financial markets have played a decisive role on the regional and national economies. Furthermore, we describe the current state of African financial system, and the impact that changes in the international financial system have caused the African financial system. In this paper we discuss further the contribution that domestic and foreign financial institutions have given to the economic and social growth of the country, but without putting aside the difficulties that the financial sector and financial institutions have faced. Finally, we highlight the efforts aimed at the modernization and expansion of financial institutions in Angola and policies aimed at reducing the impact of the crisis of the international financial system in the financial system and financial liberalization in Angola. From the detailed analysis of the economic indicators, we conclude that Angola is heading towards a strong financial system and reforms tend to transform the country into a regional financial center, registering an increase of private investments and real growth in gross domestic product and the non oil sector.
Orientação: Prof. Doutor Luís Pacheco.
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SANTOS, Mauro Camilo dos. "A converg??ncia cont??bil e o conservadorismo na provis??o para cr??ditos de liquida????o duvidosa nas institui????es financeiras no Brasil." FECAP, 2014. http://tede.fecap.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/727.
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With the enactment of Resolution no 3786/2009, the Central Bank of Brazil, financial institutions began to prepare and publish since December 31, 2010 in addition to the existing standards, the consolidated financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS. Such procedures have caused a major change in the technical and legal framework due to existing conceptual differences between local standards - BRGAAP and international standards - IFRS. This work aims to verify whether the accounting convergence is altering the degree of conservatism in constitutions of allowance for doubtful accounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements published by financial institutions in Brazil, and whether the characteristics of the financial institutions such as size, profitability, control capital, market segment, listed on stock exchanges and public or private sector could influence the constitution of the provisions. For that were examined in the two accounting standards, the financial statements of forty-three financial conglomerates in the period 2009-2013, which represented 93% of the assets of Sistema Financeiro Nacional (National Financial System) at December 31, 2013. The results revealed differences statistically significant of provisions between the two accounting standards, showing that local standards are more conservative relative to international standards. Showed, too, that although starting from the same operations the institutions obtained different results due to the use of different standards for recognition, measurement and disclosure. On examination of the independent variables was found that there are specific groups of banks with larger discrepancies between the balances of provisions in the two financial statements indicating that the characteristics of financial institutions could influence the constitution of the provisions.
Com a edi????o da Resolu????o no 3786/2009, do Banco Central do Brasil, as Institui????es Finan-ceiras passaram a elaborar e divulgar desde 31 dez 2010 adicionalmente ??s normas vigentes, as Demonstra????es Cont??beis Consolidadas com base nas Normas Internacionais de Relat??rios Financeiros (International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS). Tais procedimentos t??m provocado uma grande mudan??a no arcabou??o t??cnico e legal em decorr??ncia de diverg??ncias conceituais existentes entre as normas locais - BRGAAP e as normas internacionais - IFRS. Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar se a converg??ncia cont??bil est?? alterando o grau de conservadorismo na constitui????o da provis??o para cr??ditos de liquida????o duvidosa nas De-monstra????es Cont??beis Consolidadas publicadas pelas institui????es financeiras, no Brasil, e se as caracter??sticas das institui????es financeiras como porte, rentabilidade, controle de capital, segmento de mercado de atua????o, listadas em bolsas de valores e setor p??blico ou privado poderiam influenciar na constitui????o das PCLD. Para tanto foram examinados, nos dois pa-dr??es de contabilidade, as demonstra????es financeiras de quarenta e tr??s conglomerados finan-ceiros no per??odo de 2009 a 2013, que representavam 93% dos ativos do Sistema Financeiro Nacional, em 31 de dezembro de 2013. Os resultados revelaram diferen??as estatisticamente significantes entre os valores das provis??es dos dois padr??es de contabilidade, evidenciando que as normas locais s??o mais conservadoras em rela????o ??s normas internacionais. Mostraram, tamb??m, que embora partindo das mesmas opera????es as institui????es obtiveram valores diferentes em suas carteiras de cr??dito e nos montantes de PCLD em decorr??ncia da utiliza????o de padr??es diferentes de reconhecimento, mensura????o e divulga????o. No exame das vari??veis independentes constatou-se que existem grupos espec??ficos de bancos com maiores discre-p??ncias entre os saldos de PCLD nas duas demonstra????es indicando que as caracter??sticas das institui????es financeiras poderiam influenciar na constitui????o da PCLD.
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Mmusinyane, Boitumelo Obert. "Africa's environmental protection challenge : social responsibility and liability of non-state actors." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1068.
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"In Africa non-state actors (NSAs) are causing an alarming concern with the destruction of the environment and indigenous communities in the name of development; such environmental degradation leaves indigenous or economically marginalized groups in an unsatisfactory environment to their health, standard of living and basic necessitites of life and the land for future development. In most instances, the host country does not get good value from the vast amount of resource extraction. In other words, this kind of investment does not benefit the affected people; rather, it transfers a country's resources outside. In the end the poor pays for the lust of the rich. In some cases, African governments are simply not interested in the impact of the activities of NSAs on the people as they personally benefit from their presence due to corruption. As a result, it is correct to note that 'the local partners (African governments)' are selling indigenous communities on for their personal gain. In spite of the fact that some of these African countries have strong environmental laws in operation, they are often unwilling to force NSAs to comply with environmental rights and labour standards since they badly need the investment and capital that NSAs bring into their economies. Some of these NSAs pressurise national governments and even threaten them with lawsuits to open their doors for them. Others completely close down and relocate in order to blackmail the governments to follow through on the permits after exploration had started. Globalisation and an increase in international trade have joined with the growth of the human rights movement. These dual trends have cast an increasing attention on the role that NSAs play in environmental rights violation throughout the Sub-Saharan African region. The criitical issue in this period of globalisation, and which is also a challenge to it, is the liability and social responsibility of NSAs in times of violation of enviornmental rights, since today they figure prominently within the human rights field. Most of their activities are not in accordance with national or international environmental standards. While NSAs enjoy sovereign immunity within local jurisdictions, primary responsibility lies with states, which in most cases, are held liable for wrongful acts committed by NSAs, since they are regarded as the ultimate guardian of the welfare of their populations. As state authority declines, NSAs play a direct and indirect role in a wide range of environmental human rights violations, and this has now led to a point where there is a need to attach more concrete obligations to them. The thesis provides a framework with which th NSAs can be held directly and indirectly accountable for their role in fuelling the instability in the Sub-Saharan African region. The purpose of the thesis is to determine the approaches or guidelines that can be followed in order to ensure that NSAs behave appropriately in host states in realisation of the right to development by preserving the harmonious environment that local communities are entitled to. The creation of a viable and sustainable environment for everyone is of paramount importance in today's society." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2003.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Makwiramiti, Anthony Munyaradzi. "The implementation of the new capital accord (BASEL II) : a comparative study of South Africa, Switzerland, Brazil and the United States." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002717.
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The international banking environment has become potentially riskier because of the recent developments in financial services and products which have changed the way banks do their day to day business. Imposing minimum capital adequacy regulations is one way of fostering stability in the global banking system. A number of countries have started to implement the new capital adequacy rules (Basel II) following the worldwide consensus among central bankers that bank‟s capital levels should be regulated to enhance global financial stability. In this study, through the comparative analysis of the general implementation issues it was established that emerging countries apply all Basel II rules uniformly across all the banking institutions that operate in their territories. Developed countries apply these rules only to large and internationally active banks and because of the diversity of their banking industries, they also apply domestically modified rules to the domestically based banks. For the successful implementation of Basel II, properly planning, devoting bank resources and making necessary legislative amendments are prerequisites for incorporating Basel II into the regulatory framework for any country. The study concludes that the current global financial turmoil continues to pose a threat to the effectiveness of the Basel II rules which are aimed at achieving global financial stability.
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Nunes, Paulo Vitor Moreira. "Impairment e PCLD de ativos financeiros - O Impacto Institucional do IFRS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19576.
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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-01-10T11:25:55Z
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The regulation of accountancy of financial institutions in Brazil is under the responsibility of the National Monetary Council - CMN and the Central Bank of Brazil, which created the Accounting National Financial System Institutions - COSIF with accounting guidelines, including those related to the allowance for loan losses - PCLD which has the accounting function to record future losses related to present operations as the receipt of rights is not clear, since the company is subject to credit risk. With the development of international accounting in 2006 starts the process of convergence of accounting to international standards of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), with mandatory disclosure of financial statements according to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) from 2009 on, including considering the loss calculation criteria for impairment correspond to the provisioning criteria for claims based on incurred losses. This study aims to determine whether there is a significant difference, from a quantitative point of view, in the outcome of the Brazilian financial institutions, between the allowance for loan losses (PCLD) proposed by COSIF and international standards IFRS, in order to answer the research problem to check whether the impairment of financial assets, according to IFRS standards is proportionately less than the allowance for loan losses established by COSIF, impacting the result, based on the hypothesis that the impairment of financial assets, proportionally, generates less impact on the results of financial institutions in Brazil in demonstrations compliance IFRS standards (H1) and the Allowance generates greater impact on the results in the financial statements in accordance the rules of COSIF (H2), and also that the changes proposed by IFRS 9 reduce the difference in the impact of the results (H3). Thus, it was selected as sample the six largest financial institutions active in December 2015, which together amounted to 77.61% of total assets of the institutions, given to empirical tests in the consolidated statements of Brazilian COSIF standards and the statements in the standards international IFRS between the years 2010 and 2015, analyzing the proportional amounts of allowance for loan losses provision and impairment of financial assets in relation to their total revenue by applying descriptive statistics - standard deviation, variance, mean, median, maximum and minimum. Concluding that the recognition of the impairment of financial assets in relation to allowance is proportionally lower in the statements prepared in accordance with IFRS than in the statements with recognition from the COSIF standards and there was the tendency of IFRS 9, approach to standards regulations established by COSIF in Brazil with the applicability from 2018, confirming the hypothesis of the research
A regulamentação da contabilidade das instituições financeiras, no Brasil está sob responsabilidade do Conselho Monetário Nacional – CMN e do Banco Central do Brasil, que criaram o Plano Contábil das Instituições do Sistema Financeiro Nacional – COSIF com diretrizes contábeis, inclusive relacionadas à provisão para crédito de liquidação duvidosa – PCLD que tem a função de contábil de registrar as perdas futuras referentes a operações presentes, pois o recebimento de um direito não é líquido, uma vez que a empresa está sujeita ao risco de crédito. Com o desenvolvimento da contabilidade internacional em 2006 inicia o processo de convergência da contabilidade aos padrões internacionais do International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) e International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), com publicação obrigatória das demonstrações nos padrões do IFRS a partir de 2009, inclusive considerando os critérios de apuração da perda por Impairment correspondem aos critérios de provisionamento para créditos com base em perdas incorridas. Este estudo tem o objetivo de verificar se há diferença significativa, do ponto de vista quantitativo, no resultado das instituições financeiras brasileiras, entre a PCLD proposta pelo COSIF e as normas internacionais IFRS, com a finalidade de responder o problema de pesquisa de verificar se o Impairment de ativos financeiros, segundo as normas do IFRS é proporcionalmente menor que a PCLD estabelecida pelo COSIF, impactando no resultado, partindo das hipóteses que, o Impairment de ativos financeiros, proporcionalmente, gera menor impacto no resultado das instituições financeiras no Brasil nas demonstrações em conformidade as normas do IFRS (H1) e que a PCLD gera maior impacto no resultado nas demonstrações em conformidade as normas do COSIF (H2), e ainda, que as mudanças propostas pelo IFRS 9 diminuem a diferença no impacto do resultado (H3). Para tanto, foi selecionada como amostra as seis maiores instituições financeiras em ativos em 12/2015, que juntas somavam 77,61 % do ativo total das instituições, considerando para os testes empíricos as demonstrações consolidadas nos padrões brasileiros do COSIF e as demonstrações nos padrões internacionais do IFRS entre os anos de 2010 e 2015, analisando os valores proporcionais de provisão de PCLD e de Impairment de ativos financeiros em relação as respectivas receitas totais, aplicando as estatísticas descritivas– desvio padrão, variância, média, mediana, máximo e mínimo. Concluindo que o reconhecimento do Impairment de ativos financeiros em relação à PCLD é proporcionalmente menor nas demonstrações elaboradas com base nas IFRS, do que nas demonstrações com reconhecimento a partir das normas do Cosif e verificou-se a tendência do IFRS 9, se aproximar aos padrões normativos estabelecido pelo COSIF no Brasil com a aplicabilidade a partir de 2018, confirmando as hipóteses da pesquisa
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Lopes, Tatiana. "A evidenciação das informações tributárias pelas instituições financeiras em face da convergência para as normas internacionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-04092008-113030/.
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O Comunicado 14.259 do BACEN acabou por iniciar um novo momento para a contabilidade brasileira: a busca pela convergência contábil. Para a implementação das normas do IASB, uma série de medidas deve ser tomada: todas as normas nacionais devem ser convergidas. Como contribuição a esse objetivo, o presente trabalho buscou analisar a norma internacional relativa ao tratamento dos tributos incidentes sobre a renda, o IAS 12, e contextualizar com o cenário das instituições financeiras brasileiras abertas. A questão de pesquisa buscou medir o nível de evidenciação das demonstrações financeiras publicadas no ano de 2007 em relação aos itens de divulgação obrigatória presentes no IAS 12. Dessa forma, foram analisados os principais aspectos do IAS 12 e das normas contábeis e tributárias brasileiras, os quais foram explicados e contextualizados. Foram definidos como dentro do âmbito do IAS 12 dois tributos brasileiros: o Imposto de Renda e a Contribuição Social sobre o Lucro Líquido. A Metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a Análise de Conteúdo em que, a partir de um índice de evidenciação, foram confrontados os conteúdos das demonstrações financeiras. Conclui-se que o nível de disclosure exigido pela norma internacional é muito diferente do das normas brasileiras, o que se reflete na evidenciação presente nas demonstrações publicadas pelos bancos. No cenário nacional, as informações tributárias são pouco evidenciadas não sendo divulgados, de forma separada ou aberta, os dados relativos às diferenças temporárias ou créditos tributários. Ao todo foram analisadas 27 instituições financeiras, divididas em dois grupos: as listadas no pregão geral da Bovespa e as listadas nos níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa. O percentual de evidenciação foi de aproximadamente 14% e 21% respectivamente. Foi aplicado o teste paramétrico de igualdade de médias nos dois grupos o qual concluiu serem diferentes as médias. Logo, constatou-se que a evidenciação, nos níveis de governança diferenciada, é maior que a encontrada no pregão geral. Concluiu-se com a aplicação do índice de evidenciação nas demonstrações financeiras e nas normas brasileiras pela rejeição da hipótese de pesquisa uma vez que nenhuma norma ou demonstração analisada aborda 50% dos itens propostos pela norma internacional.Communiqué 14259 published by the Brazilian Central Bank (BACEN) initiated a new phase for accounting in Brazil: the pursuit of convergence in accounting standards. In order to implement the policies of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), a number of measures must be taken to ensure that all Brazilian standards achieve convergence. Contributing to this objective, this study sought to analyze IAS 12, the international accounting standard which addresses the treatment of taxes payable on income, within the context of listed financial institutions in Brazil. The research question endeavored to measure the level of disclosure, in the financial statements published in 2007, of those items which are subject to mandatory disclosure pursuant to IAS 12. Accordingly, an analysis was made of the main aspects of IAS 12 and of Brazilian accounting and tax standards, which were explained and put into context. Two Brazilian taxes were defined as related to the area addressed by IAS 12: Income Tax and Social Contribution on Net Income. The research methodology used was Content Analysis whereby the contents of the financial statements were analyzed against the established disclosure index. It was concluded that the level of disclosure required by the international standard differs significantly from that required by Brazilian standards, as reflected in the information disclosed in the financial statements published by the banks. In Brazil, the presentation of tax information is superficial and the data on temporary differences or deferred tax assets is not separately, or openly disclosed. In all, 27 financial institutions were analyzed, divided into two groups: those listed for general trading in the São Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA) and those listed in the special levels of corporate governance. The percent disclosures were approximately 14% and 21%, respectively. The tstudent test was applied to both groups and different averages were found. Disclosure in the special corporate governance level group was found to be higher than that in the general trading group. The conclusion, based on the results of the application of the disclosure index to the financial statements and Brazilian accounting standards, calls for the rejection of the research hypothesis, since none of the standards or financial statements comprising the study addressed 50% of the items proposed by the international standard.
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Sterzeck, Gisele. "Efeito da convergência contábil sobre o conservadorismo das instituições financeiras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-27012012-203325/.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal investigar se, após a vigência da Lei nº 11.638/2007 e da Resolução nº 3.786/2009, houve alteração no conservadorismo condicional das instituições financeiras de capital aberto que estavam listadas na BM&FBOVESPA. O estudo pretende trazer para a contabilidade das instituições financeiras contribuições relacionadas à reação desse setor específico diante das alterações normativas ocasionadas pelo processo internacional de convergência das normas contábeis. A regulação contábil, segundo a literatura internacional, fornece incentivos para que as demonstrações contábeis das empresas sejam mais conservadoras. Os órgãos reguladores estimulam a utilização do conservadorismo nas informações contábeis, uma vez que os resultados apresentados por essas demonstrações são utilizados como fonte de informação para o mercado. O conservadorismo, portanto, é considerado uma prática importante na contabilidade, pois faz parte das características qualitativas da informação contábil, que são atributos que as tornam úteis para os seus usuários. Para a medição do conservadorismo condicional foi utilizado o modelo proposto por Basu (1997), ajustado para medir os efeitos das normas em questão. Os dados que compõem as amostras foram coletados na base de dados ECONOMÁTICA, no período de março de 2000 a março de 2010. Os resultados empíricos demonstraram que a vigência da Lei nº 11.638/2007 e da Resolução nº 3.786/2009 não afetaram o nível de conservadorismo condicional nos lucros divulgados pelas instituições financeiras analisadas.This research aimed to investigate whether, after Law 11.638/07 and Resolution 3.786/09 came into force, changes occurred in the conditional conservatism of publicly traded financial institutions listed on BM&FBOVESPA. The study intends to offer contributions to financial institutions\' accounting related to this specific sector\'s reaction to the regulatory changes brought about by the international convergence process of accounting standards. According to international literature, accounting regulations provide incentives towards greater conservatism of companies\' financial statements. Regulatory entities stimulate the use of conservatism in financial information, as the results these statements present are used as an information source for the market. Hence, conservatism is considered an important practice in accounting, as it is part of financial information\'s qualitative characteristics, which are attributes that make it useful to users. To measure conditional conservatism, the model proposed by Basu (1997) was used, adjusted to measures the effects of these standards. Sample data were collected from ECONOMÁTICA database between March 2000 and March 2010. Empirical data demonstrated that the coming into force of Law 11.638/07 and Resolution 3.786/09 did not affect the level of conditional conservatism in the profits the financial institutions under analysis disseminated.
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Zhu, Lin. "Law, politics and finance." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580077.
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Murgo, Daniel O. "Essays On Political Economy." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/149.
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The first chapter analizes conditional assistance programs. They generate conflicting relationships between international financial institutions (IFIs) and member countries. The experience of IFIs with conditionality in the 1990s led them to allow countries more latitude in the design of their reform programs. A reformist government does not need conditionality and it is useless if it does not want to reform. A government that faces opposition may use conditionality and the help of pro-reform lobbies as a lever to counteract anti-reform groups and succeed in implementing reforms. The second chapter analizes economies saddled with taxes and regulations. I consider an economy in which many taxes, subsidies, and other distortionary restrictions are in place simultaneously. If I start from an inefficient laissez-faire equilibrium because of some domestic distortion, a small trade tax or subsidy can yield a first-order welfare improvement, even if the instrument itself creates distortions of its own. This may result in "welfare paradoxes". The purpose of the chapter is to quantify the welfare effects of changes in tax rates in a small open economy. I conduct the simulation in the context of an intertemporal utility maximization framework. I apply numerical methods to the model developed by Karayalcin. I introduce changes in the tax rates and quantify both the impact on welfare, consumption and foreign assets, and the path to the new steady-state values. The third chapter studies the role of stock markets and adjustment costs in the international transmission of supply shocks. The analysis of the transmission of a positive supply shock that originates in one of the countries shows that on impact the shock leads to an inmediate stock market boom enjoying the technological advance, while the other country suffers from depress stock market prices as demand for its equity declines. A period of adjustment begins culminating in a steady state capital and output level that is identical to the one before the shock. The the capital stock of one country undergoes a non-monotonic adjustment. The model is tested with plausible values of the variables and the numeric results confirm the predictions of the theory.
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Silva, Fernando Chiqueto da. "Impactos na provisão para devedores duvidosos dos bancos europeus listados na Bolsa de Nova Iorque após a adoção das normas internacionais de contabilidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-27032009-150621/.
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As pressões impostas pela internacionalização do mercado de capitais favoreceram a decisão do Parlamento da União Européia de impor, por meio do Regulamento nº. 1606/2002, a adoção das normas internacionais de contabilidade na elaboração das demonstrações contábeis consolidadas a partir de 2005 às empresas domiciliadas na União Européia (UE) e listadas em mercados regulamentados. Seguindo o movimento dos mercados internacionais, o Brasil se inicia em uma nova etapa, representada pela busca da convergência das práticas contábeis. Conseqüentemente, uma das primeiras questões que surge durante o processo de transição para um novo conjunto de padrões contábeis corresponde aos impactos que sua introdução pode causar, em virtude de possíveis divergências conceituais existentes em relação às normas anteriormente adotadas. No caso da provisão para devedores duvidosos, essa incerteza se faz ainda mais presente pelo fato de as normas internacionais de contabilidade incorporarem um método de mensuração muito singular, cujo nível de complexidade difere significativamente de métodos de mensuração adotados por países como o Brasil, por exemplo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho buscou, para uma amostra representativa de bancos europeus listados na Bolsa de Nova Iorque: (i) verificar se existe diferença significativa entre o saldo de provisão para devedores duvidosos calculado em consonância com as IFRS e o calculado segundo as normas locais anteriormente adotadas, e quantificar a magnitude da diferença e (ii) verificar se existe relação significativa entre a quantidade de agências dos bancos e os métodos de avaliação individual e coletivo previstos pelas IFRS para fins de mensuração da perda por imparidade. Inicialmente, foi utilizada a técnica de regressão linear, com as informações do período compreendido pelos exercícios sociais findos entre 2000 e 2006, nos quais a variável dependente corresponde à provisão para devedores duvidosos e as duas variáveis independentes são carteira de crédito e uma variável dummy correspondente à adoção das IFRS. Em seguida, foi aplicado o teste paramétrico de comparação de médias, ANOVA, em que a variável independente se refere à adoção das IFRS e a variável dependente é representada pela relação entre provisão para devedores duvidosos e carteira de crédito. Posteriormente, a fim de verificar a existência de relação entre a quantidade de agência dos bancos e o método de avaliação de provisão, utilizou-se uma matriz de correlações com base nos coeficientes de Spearman, considerando as variáveis provisão individual e provisão coletiva em relação ao total, e carteira de crédito e patrimônio líquido em relação à quantidade de agências. Com base nos resultados da pesquisa, conclui-se que a introdução das IFRS não trouxe impacto significativo ao saldo de provisão para devedores duvidosos dos bancos europeus listados na Bolsa de Nova Iorque. Também se conclui que a quantidade de agências dos bancos não se relaciona com os métodos de mensuração individual e coletivo estabelecidos pela IAS 39, em virtude da diferente aplicação entre as instituições financeiras do conceito de operação de crédito individualmente relevante .The pressure created by the internationalization of capital markets prompted the European Parliament s decision to enforce, through Regulation nº 1606/2002, the adoption of international accounting standards by companies domiciled in the European Union (EU) and listed in the regulated stock markets, for preparing their consolidated financial statements, effective from 2005. In line with this international market trend, Brazil has commenced a new phase in the pursuit for convergence in accounting practices. As a consequence, one of the first questions arising from the transition process concerns the possible impact caused by the introduction of the new accounting standards, considering the conceptual divergences existing in relation to the previously adopted norms. This uncertainty is heightened, in the case of the allowance for loan losses, by the fact that the international accounting standards incorporate a very specific measurement method, which as a result of its complex nature differs significantly from the measurement methods adopted by countries, such as Brazil, for example. Accordingly, the object of this study sought, based on a representative sample of European banks listed in the New York Stock Exchange: (i) to verify whether there is a significant difference between the balance of the allowance for loan losses calculated pursuant to IFRS and that calculated in accordance with previously adopted accounting standards and to measure the degree of such difference and (ii) to verify whether there is any significant relation between the number of bank branches and the use of the individual and collective evaluation methods established in IFRS for measuring the allowance for loan losses. Initially, the linear regression technique was used, based on information for the financial years between 2000 and 2006, where the dependent variable is the allowance for loan losses and the two independent variables are the credit portfolio and a dummy variable corresponding to the adoption of IFRS. Next, the analysis of variances (ANOVA) test was applied, where the independent variable refers to the adoption of IFRS and the dependent variable is represented by the division of the allowance for loan losses by the credit portfolio. Subsequently, for the purpose of verifying whether the number of bank branches is related to the method used to measure the allowance, a matrix of correlations was used based on the Spearman coefficients, considering as variables the individual allowance and the collective allowance in relation to the total and the credit portfolio and the stockholders equity in relation to the number of branches. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the introduction of IFRS did not have a material effect on the balance of the allowance for loan losses of the European banks listed in the New York Stock Exchange. Further, it was also concluded that the number of bank branches is not related to the use of the individual and collective measurement methods, as established by IAS 39, since the concept of individually significant credit operations is applied differently by each financial institution.
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Lebdioui, Amina. "Le régime juridique de l’accès aux réserves d’hydrocarbures, enjeux de la coopération entre Etats producteurs et investisseurs étrangers." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020082.
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Lorsque l’Etat décide de l’exploration ou de l’exploitation de ses réserves d’hydrocarbures, il n’est soumis à aucune règle internationale quant aux modalités de mise en œuvre de cette décision. Cette absence d’obligations n’a pas empêché les Etats développer, au niveau national, des règles réduisant leur liberté quant à la sélection des opérateurs. Aux négociations secrètes qui ont longtemps prévalu dans le secteur pétrolier, se sont alors substituées des procédures de mise en concurrence ouvertes s’appuyant sur des critères objectifs. Ayant pour but d’attirer l’investissement étranger et de faciliter la conclusion des contrats, elles se sont progressivement généralisées et standardisées, tant dans leur formalisme que dans leurs conditions. On constate alors un processus d’uniformisation globale des conditions d’accès aux réserves, auquel les institutions financières internationales ont directement ou indirectement pris part. L’un des aspects cruciaux des procédures d’attribution des droits a trait au rôle de l’entreprise pétrolière nationale. Celle-ci dispose souvent d’un traitement préférentiel. Dans de nombreux Etats, elle a en outre été traditionnellement chargée de l’octroi des contrats, combinant ainsi des fonctions qui lui ont permis de devenir un acteur incontournable du secteur. La standardisation de ses attributions a également fait l’objet d’un processus de convergence internationale, qui modifie le rapport entre l’Etat et l’investisseur étrangerWhen the State decides to undertake the exploration or exploitation of its hydrocarbons reserves, it is not subject to any international obligation concerning the implementations of such decision. This lack of obligations has not prevented states from developing rules at the national level to reduce their freedom in the selection of operators. The secret negotiations that have long prevailed in the petroleum sector have been replaced by more transparent and open competition procedures, backed by objective criteria. With the objective of attracting foreign investment and facilitating the process of conclusion of contracts, those procedures have been progressively generalized and standardized, both in their formalism and in their terms. We consequently observe a global standardization process of the terms of access to reserves, in which international financial institutions have been directly or indirectly involved.One of the essential aspects of the procedure of rights allocation relates to the role of the national oil company. It enjoys preferential treatment, which has implications on the modalities of participation of foreign firms. Furthermore, in several states, the national oil company has been responsible for granting petroleum contracts, thereby combining functions that render it a key actor in the sector. The standardization of its attributions has also undergone a process of international convergence, which alters the relation between the State and the foreign investor
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Barnor, Joel A. "An analysis of the money market linkages between South Africa and selected major world economies." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002690.
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Globalisation and financial liberalisation has increased the linkages across countries in recent times. The existence of money market links has important implications for both domestic monetary policy and for investment decisions. This study examines the linkages between South Africa’s money market and selected major international money markets. The objectives of the study are firstly to examine the links between the repo rate of South Africa and the central bank rates of the EU, Japan, UK and US. Secondly, is to compare the influence of domestic and foreign monetary policy decisions on South Africa’s money market. The third objective is to examine the long run relationship between the South African money market and the money markets of its major trading partners. Three estimation techniques are used to examine the different links. Principal components analysis, four tests of cointegration, and stationarity tests of the spreads/risk premium between South Africa’s interest rates and the interest rates of the other countries. All three techniques show that there is no long-run link between South Africa’s central bank rates and the central bank rates of the other countries. This shows that the repo rate does not depend on movements in other central bank rates. Domestic money market interest rates respond strongly to changes in the repo rate whilst showing no dependence on central bank rates of the other countries. This confirms the autonomy of the South African Reserve Bank in carrying out policy objectives. When the risk premium is accounted for under the third technique, evidence of integration is found. This indicates that the risk premium plays a crucial part in the level of integration between South Africa and the countries included in the study.
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Meyer-Segrestain, Eric. "La fiscalité directe applicable aux investissements des fonds souverains." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020103.
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Les enjeux présentés par la puissance financière des fonds souverains et les réactions politiques des pays d’accueil appellent naturellement à s’interroger sur la façon dont la fiscalité appréhende ces questions. La réponse nécessite de se placer tant sur le plan du droit interne français que sur celui de la fiscalité internationale. La présente étude procède à une analyse comparée de la fiscalité directe applicable aux fonds souverains en France et aux Etats-Unis. Cette analyse se poursuit à travers l’examen de conventions fiscales conclues par la France mais aussi par des Etats étrangers détenteurs de fonds souverains. La question de l’application des conventions fiscales aux fonds souverains est évoquée à travers l’exposé des modèles de conventions fiscales de l’OCDE et des Etats-Unis. Le statut fiscal des fonds souverains est confronté à celui des apporteurs de capitaux privés au regard de la distorsion de concurrence fiscale entre investisseurs. En l’absence de dispositions législatives précises, de doctrine administrative et de jurisprudence, ces travaux sont principalement fondés sur une interprétation des faits et du droit positif. Les solutions proposées tentent de remédier aux problématiques ainsi dégagéesThe growing number of investments made by sovereign wealth funds and the reactions of host countries has raised questions regarding the tax treatment of those public financial entities. Answering these questions implies to analyze the tax legislation on both a national and international level. In this respect this paper compares the direct taxation of sovereign wealth funds investments in France and in the United States. It is then followed by an analysis of some tax treaties signed by France as well as tax treaties signed by countries owning sovereign wealth funds. Questions related to the application of tax treaties to sovereign wealth funds are examined through the presentation of the OECD model tax convention and the United States income model tax convention. We then compare the tax status of sovereign wealth funds and private investors regarding tax competition and portfolio choices. We will see through the lack of tax regulations, guidance and the absence of court decision that this study is mainly based on an interpretation of the facts and the law as a consequence. The solutions provided in this paper aim at clarifying the issues we have identified. Hopefully this will raise further interrogations and will be followed by other studies
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Armengol, Ferrer Ferran. "El Banc Europeu de Reconstrucció i Desenvolupament: una institució financera internacional en el marc de la integració europea i la globalització." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7285.
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L'objecte de la present tesi doctoral és l'estudi del Banc Europeu de Reconstrucció i Desenvolupament (BERD), institució financera internacional específicament dedicada a la cooperació a la transició política i econòmica dels estats d'Europa central i oriental. L'estudi és de caràcter essencialment jurídic i analitza la "funció d'adaptació" a la democràcia pluralista i l'economia de mercat dels esmentats estats que desenvolupa el Banc, i els problemes jurídics derivats d'aquesta activitat. La Tesi s'estructura, així, en quatre parts: en la primera s'analitzen els fonaments del marc de cooperació en el qual s'insereix la creació del BERD ; la segona descriu els diversos tipus d'operacions desenvolupades pel banc. La tercera incideix sobre l'estructura institucional del Banc i la quarta, i última, es refereix al règim jurídic del Banc i els mitjans de control polític i judicial de la seva activitat.El objeto de la presente tesis doctoral es el estudio del Banco Europeo de Reconstrucción y Desarrollo (BERD), institución financiera internacional específicamente dedicada a la cooperación a la transición política y económica de los estados de Europa central y oriental. El estudio es de carácter esencialmente jurídico y analiza la "función de adaptación" a la democracia pluralista y la economía de mercado de dichos estados que desarrolla el Banco, y los problemas jurídicos derivados de dicha actividad. La Tesis se estructura, así, en cuatro partes: en la primera se analizan los fundamentos del marco de cooperación en el que se inserta la creación del BERD; la segunda describe los diversos tipos de operaciones desarrolladas por el Banco. La tercera incide sobre la estructura institucional del Banco y la cuarta, y última, se refiere al régimen jurídico del Banco y los medios de control político y judicial de su actividad.
The object of this Ph D thesis is the study of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), international financial institution specifically devoted to the cooperation to the political and economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe States. The study is from essentially juridical character and analyzes the function of adaptation of the aforementioned States to pluralistic democracy and market economy that develops the Bank , and the juridical problems derived from this activity. The Thesis is structured, thus, in four parts: in Part One, the foundations of the frame of cooperation in which the creation of the EBRD is inserted are analyzed; Part Two portrays the several types of operations developed by the Bank. Part Three falls upon the institutional structure of the Bank. Part Four refers to the juridical regime of the Bank and the means of political and judicial control of its activity.
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Demba, Guy-Eugène. "Élites dirigeantes, sortie de crise et reconstruction post-conflit dans les États africains de la Région des Grands Lacs.1990-2013." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30008/document.
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Depuis plus de deux décennies, un nombre d’Etats africains dits du champ de la Conférence Internationale sur la Région des Grands Lacs sont enlisés dans des conflits armés à la fois intra-étatiques et internationalisés. Du génocide rwandais aux guerres civiles au Congo-Brazzaville, en Angola, en Ouganda, au Burundi, ou encore aux violences politiques armées incessantes en Centrafrique, en passant par la Grande Guerre Africaine en RDC, nombreux et importants sont les mécanismes de résolution de conflits qui ont été expérimentés, de nature aussi bien bilatérale, communautaire, régionale, qu’onusienne. Malheureusement, les concepts de sortie de crise et de reconstruction post-conflit demeurent de vains mots, eu égard aux résurgences et aux prolongements des conflits dans cette Région. Ainsi, en mobilisant l’approche néo-élitiste s’inscrivant dans un dépassement de la réalité empirique, après avoir passé en revue toutes les grandes théories philosophico-politico-sociologiques des élites, défendues par les auteurs classiques comme Wilfredo Pareto, Gaetano Mosca etc., d’un côté, et en recourant à la théorie de Johan Galtung de paix négative versus paix positive, d’autre part, cette étude se propose de mettre en évidence le rôle des élites dirigeantes dans la dynamique de pacification de la Région. Et après avoir défini et déterminé celles-ci, le travail démontre la difficulté de résoudre les conflits due à l’hétérogénéité sociologique caractérisant la Région. Puis, il souligne les mécanismes de l’entretien d’une paix négative par les élites dirigeantes, en interaction avec les autres protagonistesFor more than two decades, a number of African States within the scope of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region have sunk into both armed intrastate and domestic conflicts. From the Rwandan genocide to civil wars in Congo-Brazzaville, Angola, Uganda, and Burundi, or the constantly armed political violence in the Central African Republic (CAR), through the Great African War in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), numerous and important mechanisms for conflict resolution have been experienced, bilateral, communitarian, regional, as well as Onusian. Unfortunately, the concepts relative to the end of crisis and post-conflict reconstruction still remain empty words, given the revivals and extensions of conflicts in that Region. Thus, by mobilizing the neo-elitist approach which goes the empirical reality, after reviewing all the major elitist philosophical, political and sociological theories defended by the classical authors such as Wilfredo Pareto, Gaetano Mosca, etc. On one hand, and by resorting to Johan Galtung’s theory on negative peace versus positive peace, on the other, this dissertation aims at highlighting the role played by governing Elites in the peace process within the Region. After defining these elites, this monography shows the difficulties of solving conflicts due to the regional sociodemographic heterogeneity. Then, it emphasizes mechanisms for keeping negative peace by the governing Elites, in interaction with other protagonists
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Hsu, Jun-Ching, and 許潤青. "The Study of Financial Institutions’ International Merge & Acquisition." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95903316265837324388.
Full textAbstract:
碩士明新科技大學
管理研究所碩士在職專班
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In the trend of globalization, liberalization and digital network, internationalization is inevitable for financial institutions. Recently, Financial Supervisory commission (FSC) has encouraged domestic financial institutions to go abroad for “financial Asia Cup”. In accordance with Taiwaness companies investing in Asia and the four Financial Acts passed in January, 2015, the financial industry is expected more merge and acquisitions in overseas markets and pursuing the blue ocean strategy in order to increase the operating performance. The sample of the study includes 31 domestic banks (excluding professional and foreign banks) in the period from 2013 to 2014. Using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) examines the efficiency of banks with three the input variables, such as interest expense, deposit and operation expense, and three output variables, such as there are interest revenue, service fee revenue, loan and discount. Tobit regression is used to explore the factors that influence the efficiency of banks. The empirical results show that the efficient of financial holding companies undertaking overseas mergers and Acquisitions is higher. All of the big banks, measured as higher than 5% of asset shares (the ratio of bank asset over the sum of assets in the sample banks), are one member of the financial holding groups. The effect of big banks on going aboard for financial Asia Cup is significant due to the size of the banks is big enough. The variable of overseas acquisition cannot explain the operating efficiencies of financial institution. The reason could be it has been a short time after Executive Yuan passing the Acts for bank to have the synergy of merges and acquisitions. Keywords: Financial Asia Cup, Four Financial Acts, DEA, Tobit Regression