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1
Ongalo, Stephen, and Joshua Wanjare. "International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 and the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya." European Journal of Business and Management Research 7, no. 6 (December 3, 2022): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.6.1738.
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The International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 presents the latest accounting treatment for financial assets and liabilities, impairment procedures, hedge and fair value accounting. This new regulation largely replaces the International Accounting Standards 39. The last form of IFRS 9 was published in July 2014 with the mandatory global compliance date for IFRS 9 set on January 1, 2018, with earlier application encouraged. The main distinctive features of this standard are described in terms of hedge accounting, recognition and classification, and fair value measurement of the financial instruments. The objective of the research study was to determine the impact of the mandatory adoption of IFRS 9 on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study adopted an event study approach or design by analyzing the quarterly financial statements of the commercial banks submitted to the Central Bank of Kenya and comparing the performance of the commercial banks before the introduction of the IFRS 9 and after its adoption. The study’s findings were that returns on assets and returns on equity were on an upward trend despite the introduction of IFRS 9. This was contrary to the expectation of poor performance since lower earnings due to loan loss provisions were expected to have a material effect on profitability.
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Madah Marzuki, Marziana, Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman, Ainulashikin Marzuki, Nathasa Mazna Ramli, and Wan Amalina Wan Abdullah. "Issues and challenges of IFRS 9 in Malaysian Islamic financial institutions: recognition criteria perspective." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-04-2020-0100.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects and challenges of the new amendment of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 9 in Malaysia from the perspectives of regulators, auditors, accountants and academicians in Malaysian Islamic financial institutions. For the purpose of this study, this paper focuses on the recognition criteria perspective of the standard, which provides a basic understanding of the financial reporting framework. Design/methodology/approach Using 10 series of semi-structured interviews undertaken with key individuals in regulatory bodies, audit companies, full-fledged Malaysian Islamic Banks and Malaysian higher learning institutions. Findings The findings revealed that IFRS 9 strengthens International Accounting Standards 39 in terms of relevance and reliability, recognition of financial instruments and identification of business models. Nevertheless, Islamic financial institutions face challenges in terms of a faithful representation of fair value, substance over form, identification of financial instruments before recognition criteria and the extent of the role of risk management in reducing manipulation in identifying business models. Research limitations/implications This study provides implications to regulators and standard setters in Malaysia to enhance the quality of financial reporting framework and practices in Islamic financial institutions in this country using IFRS 9. Practical implications Practically, the findings of this study can be used by the regulators to resolve the issues that arise in adopting IFRS 9 among Islamic financial institutions to further enhance financial reporting quality. Originality/value The findings of this study are very important to ensure that the adoption of IFRS among Islamic financial institutions are in line with Sharīʿah principles. To date, no studies have been done on the challenges of adopting IFRS 9 among Islamic financial institutions in Malaysia.
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DHEYAA JASIM, RABEAH, and Bushra N. Abdullah Al-Mashhdani. "Methods of Forecasting Credit Losses in A Sample of Iraqi Banks - A Comparative Analysis." Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences 28, no. 132 (June 30, 2022): 174–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33095/jeas.v28i132.2283.
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The general trend in Iraqi banks is focused towards the application of international financial reporting standards, especially the international financial reporting standard IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”, in addition to the directives issued on the Central Bank of Iraq’s instructions for the year 2018 regarding the development of expected credit losses models, and not to adhere to a specific method for calculating these losses and authorizing the banks’ departments to adopt the method of calculating losses that suits the nature of the bank’s activity and to be consistent in its use from time to time. The research problem revolves around the different methodologies for calculating expected credit losses according to the instructions of the Central Bank of Iraq compared to the requirements for calculating those losses according to IFRS 9, as well as the difference between the banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange among themselves. The research aims to present methods of forecasting expected credit losses in a sample of Iraqi banks and compare them with the requirements of IFRS 9 and the instructions of the Central Bank of Iraq in this regard. The research reaches a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS 9 has not been fully applied in Iraqi banks so far. There is also a difference between banks in the methods of calculating expected credit losses according to the mentioned criterion. And based on the conclusions that come, the research presents a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of preparing the infrastructure in the Iraqi environment first so that the standard can be applied correctly by subjecting the employees to training courses to familiarize them with the IFRS 9 standard, its application methods and requirements.
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Mechelli, Alessandro, Vincenzo Sforza, and Riccardo Cimini. "Is IFRS 9 better than IAS 39 for investors' decisions? Evidence from the European context at the beginning of the transition year." FINANCIAL REPORTING, no. 1 (June 2020): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/fr2020-001004.
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The first-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 at the beginning of fiscal year 2018 has offered the opportunity to test whether the information provided by this new accounting standard on financial instruments is more useful for investors than International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39. This paper assesses and compares the value relevance of book value calculated ac-cording to the requirements of the two accounting standards on financial instru-ments at the beginning of the transition year for a sample of 110 financial entities listed in 20 stock markets that have recorded transition effects between retained earnings. Findings provide evidence that both IAS 39 and IFRS 9 are value rele-vant and that the second one adds more information than that previously supplied by the first one. The paper contributes to the literature by providing the first evi-dence of the usefulness of the new accounting standard on financial instruments. About its practical implications, the paper provides insights regarding the high quality of the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB)'s standard setting process.
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Vasilyeva, Alfiya, and Elvina Frolova. "Methods of Calculation of Expected Credit Losses Under Requirements of IFRS 9." Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.13.4.2019.74-86.
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The most important area of work for financial market regulators including International Accounting Standards Board is to clarify the metrics of credit assessment. This problem became particularly relevant after the financial crisis of 2008, when the insolvency of approaches to the assessment of credit risks adopted under the then international financial reporting standard IFRS (IAS) 39 became apparent, since credit losses on financial instruments were taken into account by the “loss model”, and therefore, the asset was recognized as financially impaired due to the fact of credit quality deterioration and significant time lag. From 1 January 2018 of a new international financial reporting standard IFRS9 IFRS 9 is based on a different approach — the principle of “expected credit losses” (ECL). The transition to IFRS 9 is intended to strengthen the banking system by increasing reserves , the banking system’s stability can be increased also. The new business model radically changes the approach to the formation of reserves, including by taking into account the impact of macroeconomic indicators on their value. According to various estimates, the scale of increase in reserves ranges from 30% to 50%. The purpose of this article is to systematize the methodological principles and approaches that underlie the requirements of IFRS 9 (basic and simplified and POCI approaches), as well as a comparison of the main methods for assessing the probability of default and expected credit losses (Weibul distribution, migration matrix, generator matrix ) In the framework of this article, the authors formulated criteria for the transfer of assets between the stages of credit risk (stage), and also formulated the principles for calculating expected credit risks for each stage, taking into account macroeconomic factors. This article is of practical value, as it can be the basis for the development of methods for calculating the expected credit risks of corporate clients of commercial banks, and can also be used to improve credit risk management models.
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ElKelish, Walaa Wahid. "The International Financial Reporting Standards 9 financial instruments, information quality and stock returns in the modern technology era." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 22, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 465–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-12-2019-0164.
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PurposeThis paper investigates the relationship between information quality and stock returns during the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS 9) pre-adoption announcements and examines the influence of modern technology on these relationships across 24 emerging countries.Design/methodology/approachThis paper conducts an event study using data obtained from the DataStream, Osiris, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the World Bank databases from 2009 to 2014. The non-linear generalized additive model (GAM) was implemented to test the study hypotheses.FindingsResults indicate a significant positive non-linear relationship between low information quality and stock returns during IFRS 9 pre-adoption announcements. This result implies that IFRS 9 announcements have a positive impact on corporations with low pre-adoption quality information. This result is also more pronounced in small rather than large corporations and financial rather than nonfinancial institutions. Furthermore, modern technology plays a significant decisive antecedent role, while industry type has a moderating effect on the relationship between information quality and stock returns. The codified legal system has a positive impact on stock returns across emerging countries.Research limitations/implicationsData unavailability in some emerging countries.Practical implicationsThe empirical evidence provides useful guidelines for corporate managers, investors, international accounting standard-setters and regulators to improve financial reporting practices.Originality/valueThis paper extends the work of Armstrong et al. (2010); Onali et al. (2017) by including the impact of non-linear relationships using GAM analysis and the role of modern technology across emerging countries.
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Qasim, Abo AL Hassan, Ibrahim Naeem Hasan, and Nassif Jassim Aljboory. "The impact of the application of the International Accounting Standard (IFARS 9) on the financial reporting of Iraqi private commercial banks." Journal of Research in Social Science And Humanities 3, no. 1 (April 4, 2023): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47679/jrssh.v3i1.35.
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The problem of recognizing credit losses is one of the most important contemporary problems in accounting thought, as the process of creating a provision for credit losses is one of the most important bases of measurement in hedging against these losses and mitigating their impact. Studies and research in the field of accounting show that the accounting treatment used in accordance with the international standard (IFRS 39) is one of the fundamental reasons for the exacerbation of the global financial crisis in 2008, which is the delay in the recognition of credit losses until they are achieved, which is the so-called model of actual credit losses, as the treatment is based on recognizing the loss on the actual basis, i.e. after its occurrence, and not on the expected basis, i.e. before it occurs. In light of the criticisms leveled at the international standard (IAS 39) entitled Financial Instruments, the International Accounting Standards Board issued a standard for financial instruments, which is the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS 9). The new standard includes a proposed accounting framework for recognizing expected losses. According to the requirements of this standard, banks create provisions to face risks on an expected or estimated basis with the aim of early recognition of credit risks. As a result of the effects that this application will have on credit risks. It was necessary to shed light on the impact of the application of this standard on reducing credit risk, and thus the financial reporting of Iraqi commercial banks will be affected.
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Bellandi, Francesco. "IFRS 9 Single Impairment Model: Semantics and Circularity? A Study in the Airline Industry." International Journal of Business and Management 16, no. 12 (November 12, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v16n12p41.
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This paper studies a sample of airlines reporting under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) about three specific challenges in implementing International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (2019), IFRS 9 requirements for impairment versus IASB, 2014, IAS 39: 1) expected versus incurred credit losses; 2) impairment scoping and elective simplifications; and 3) definition and use of default. First, there appears to be a strong indicator that the way airline companies have drawn the line between what future conditions should or should not be considered in estimating expected versus incurred credit losses has maintained the fundamental tenet in IFRS of representing the condition existing as of the end of the reporting period. Second, evidence of companies quests for IASB (2019), IFRS 9 impairment simplifications attests to the criticism that the alleged single model of impairment is in effect a complex collection of different techniques. Finally, the degree of specific application that IASB (2019), IFRS 9 requires for the definition and use of default, as well as the customization of what triggers a significant change in the risk of default since initial recognition, does not appear to have been fully received, and sufficiently disclosed in the financial statements.
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Vasilieva, Alfia. "Approaches to Building Default Probability Models for Financial Instruments of Project Financing at Long Time Horizons." Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 15, no. 4 (December 5, 2021): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.15.4.2021.66-87.
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Project financing is one of the priority tools for stimulating the country's economic growth around the world, which allows the implementation of large-scale and capital-intensive projects, providing favorable credit conditions with insufficient creditworthiness of the project beneficiaries [1].
As a rule, project financing instruments are long-term (10-30 years, depending on the type of transaction), so this asset class is interesting for the implementation of the task of building long-term models for assessing credit risk associated with the introduction in 2018 of the new international financial reporting standard IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments".
The new standard requires financial institutions to calculate their expected credit loss (ECL) at the time of granting loans and other banking products exposed to credit risk [2], taking into account different time horizons, which significantly changes the traditional approaches to assessing credit risk by commercial banks [3], [4].
As part of this work, a model was built to assess the long-term probability of default for the portfolio of assets of a Russian commercial bank belonging to the project finance segment in accordance with the requirements of the International Financial Reporting standard IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments". At present, the topic of this work is extremely relevant and may be of interest both for commercial banks that are faced with the problem of improving credit risk assessment models
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Abdalova, E. B., and S. N. Karelskaia. "Global Tends in the Corporate Reporting Development." Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 9, no. 1 (April 8, 2022): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2022-9-1-19-30.
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The paper covers the disclosure of information on company’s climate risks in corporate reporting, which is the urgent agenda. It was found that 16 of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) provide the opportunity for disclosing of such climate risks. However, they contain significant restrictions regarding the presentation of forecasting information. The analysis revealed the current stages of corporate reporting development under the influence of the relevant disclosure of climate risks by companies. The research data source includes the publications and statements available on the official website of the IFRS Foundation**. The research results can be useful for professional international organisations and Russian state bodies engaged in the development of financial and non-financial reporting standards, concerned users, as well as economic entities that prepare corporate reporting.
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Tsiklauri-Shengelia, Zhuzhuna, Natia Shengelia, and Revaz Shengelia. "Some Practical Financial Reporting (IFRS) Assessment Aspects Of The Covid-19 Impact on Business." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 104, no. 1-2 (April 4, 2021): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs104/1-2-76.
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Generally, the covid-19 pandemic has a great impact on all big, small and medium-sized business all over the world. There are analyzed International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) practical issues that should be considered and addressed by the top management. These financial key issues include discussing the following: IFRS 9-Financial Instruments, IAS 36 Impairment of Assets, IAS 1, IAS 2, ISA 570 (revised) -Going Concern . The Impairment Review of Inventory, Fixed Assets, financial instruments, also the Going Concern at the entity level must be assessed in detail in the pandemic and other difficult circumstances; Keywords: IFRS , Covid-19 Impact, Impairment, Expected Credit Loss (ECL), NRV, ISA, Going Concern.
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Liutkevičiūtė, Inga, Ramunė Budrionytė, and Rasa Subačienė. "The Impact of IFRS Changes on Companies’ Financial Indicators." Buhalterinės apskaitos teorija ir praktika, no. 24 (December 22, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/batp.2021.36.
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The ever-changing economic environment changes the business conditions and performance and requires to reflect the changes on accounting information of legal entities. The development of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is a dynamic and complex process, which helps to provide fair and true information on legal entities. Although, it’s important to evaluate the changes of accounting standards by preparers of financial statements and the users of the information. The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of significant changes of international financial reporting standards on the financial indicators of the companies during 2017-2020 period. Research methods of comparative analysis of scientific literature and legal acts, content analysis, case analysis, grouping of information, systematization, comparative analysis and generalization were used. Main research results state that in 2017-2020 the key changes were related to three standards: IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments, IFRS 15 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers and IFRS 16 - Leases. The study of the impact of the application of the new standards on the financial indicators of 24 Lithuanian listed companies revealed that the new IFRS 16 had the greatest impact on the financial indicators of the companies. The first time, the application of IFRS 16 had a significant impact on 6 of the 24 companies analysed. There was a negative impact on liquidity and solvency ratios, working capital, return on assets and the turnover of assets.
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Sulaiman Alkhresat, Amer, and Tareq Hammad Almubaydeen. "The Impact of the Application of International Standard for Financial Reporting No (9) on the Faithful Representation of Financial Accounting Information in Jordanian Commercial Banks." International Journal of Business and Management 14, no. 3 (February 19, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n3p88.
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The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the impact of the application of IFRS 9 on the faithful representation of financial accounting information in Jordanian commercial banks. To achieve this objective, the study used the descriptive analytical approach to analyze a questionnaire that was answered by the managers of 13 commercial banks, which are listed in Amman stock exchange. The researchers distributed 78 questionnaires, while 76 were retrieved with a percentage of 97%. Additionally, the study relied on the descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and the simple regression to analyze the study data, and hypotheses. As a result, the study found a significant impact for the application of IFRS 9 to the faithful representation of financial accounting information. Relied on the aforementioned consequence, the study recommended that there is a necessity for financial departments to focus on measuring their financial obligations, as well as focusing on the development of accounting policies during the application of the standard. In addition, the study concludes that it is important for these banks to have an adequate knowledge of accounting standards in general, while standard No “9” specifically.
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Abdullahi, Aminu, Musa Yelwa Abubakar, and Sunusi Sa’ Ad Ahmad. "International financial reporting standards (IFRS) adoption and oil & gas companies performance in Nigeria." International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies 5, no. 2 (September 29, 2017): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijaes.v5i2.8209.
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This study investigates the effect of IFRS adoption on the performance of oil and gas marketing companies in Nigeria. The study utilise financial statements of a sample of eight (8) oil and gas companies operating in the country. These companies were purposively selected due to availability of data. Firms’ performance was proxied by Profit Margin (PM), Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) ratios and were considered as dependent variables to be determined by reporting regime (RR) as independent variable. While Current Ratio (CR), quick Test (QT), Total Debt Ratio (TDR) Earnings per Share (EPS) and Equity Debt Ratio (EDR) are use as control variables. The ratios were computed and compared for 4 years (2010 to 2011) before mandatory IFRS adoption and 2012 to 2013 often mandatory adoption OLS, regression with help of eviews 9 was employed for the analysis. The study reveals IFRS adoption has not improved the performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The paper recommended that, oil and gas companies should continue to comply with provisions of IFRS as it will improve their reporting quality which may also improve their performance as result of more investment flow, easy access to capital and comparability.
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Loseva, N. "Research of Estimated Liabilities During the Audit of Accounting (Financial) Statements." Auditor 7, no. 9 (October 14, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0701-2021-7-9-33-39.
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The article discusses the estimated liabilities, their study and assessment in accordance with the provisions of Russian accounting standards (RAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
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Khalilov, Sh, and A. Karimov. "Improvement of National Accounting Standards Based on IAS 7." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/60/36.
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As a result of the improvement of the investment climate in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the direct inflow of direct investment to the sectors of the economy and regions is rising. Nowadays, an accounting and reporting system needs to be adapted to the requirements of international accounting standards for joint ventures and foreign companies to conduct their business operations. In accordance with the above requirements, we conducted a study to adapt the national standard to requirements of IFRS standards. As a result of the research, we proposed to change the phrase “Financial Institutions” instead of “Bank Institutions” in NAS 9. Scientifically based proposals were developed to change the national standard to classify for interest and dividends received and interest and dividend paid by type of activity under IFRS.
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Volarević, Hrvoje, and Mario Varović. "Internal model for IFRS 9 - Expected credit losses calculation." Ekonomski pregled 69, no. 3 (June 21, 2018): 269–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.69.3.4.
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This article explores and analyzes the implementation problem of International Financial Reporting Standard 9 (IFRS 9) which is in use from 1 January 2018. IFRS 9 is most relevant for financial institutions, but also for all business subjects with a significant share of financial assets in their Balance sheet. The main objective of this article is the implementation of new impairment model for financial instruments, which is measurable through Expected Credit Losses (ECL). The use of this model is in correlation with a credit risk of the company for which it is necessary to determine basic variables of the model: Exposure at Default (EAD), Loss Given Default (LGD) and Probability of Default (PD). Basel legislation could be used for LGD calculation while PD calculation is based on specific methodology with two different solutions. In the first option, PD is taken as an external data from reliable rating agencies. When there is no external rating, an internal model for PD calculation has to be created. In order to develop an internal model, authors of this article propose application of multi-criteria decision-making model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Input data in the model are based on information from financial statements while MS Excel is used for calculation of such multi-criteria problem. Results of internal model are mathematically related with PD values for each analyzed company. Simple implementation of this internal model is an advantage compared to other much more complicated models.
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Carvalho, Cláudia Daniela Ferreira da Mota, Fábio Henrique Ferreira de Albuquerque, Joaquín Texeira Quirós, and Maria do Rosário Fernandes Justino. "An Analysis of Differences in Terms of Professional Interests Based on the Project to Replace IAS 39." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 26, no. 68 (August 2015): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201500530.
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<p>The professional interests of the various stakeholders groups are often seen as obstacles to full accounting harmonization. Studying different professional interests in the accounting domain is significant for organizations involved in the international accounting harmonization process, insofar as it enables them to identify the main obstacles to face in order to achieve full harmonization. Thus, this article is aimed at analyzing the differences in terms of professional interests by addressing the participation of various stakeholders groups in the process of issuing/modifying standards of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Based on content analysis, we examined the comment letters sent to the IASB in the context of the first part of the first phase of the project to replace the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39, entitled "Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement", by the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9, on its turn entitled "Financial Instruments". Respondents were identified according to the stakeholders group, and, later, the collected data underwent a nonparametric chi-square test. The results of this study indicate there are significant differences between the answers obtained from the various stakeholders groups involved in the process of issuing or reviewing a standard of the IASB, above all made clear between the group of financial preparers and the regulatory and/or standard-setting agencies and the professional associations related to accounting.</p>
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Druzhilovskaya, T. Yu, and E. S. Druzhilovskaya. "Analysis of the draft new iaS 1 regulations on the formation of financial Statements." Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2022-9-3-85-94.
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The prepared draft of the new international financial reporting standard IFRS (IAS) 1 makes significant adjustments to the regulations for the formation of financial statements. The changes envisaged by this document provide new opportunities for improving the preparation of these reports, but at the same time, the requirements in it lead to several significant problems in this area. The study’s objectives are analysing these opportunities and problems, as well as the development of proposals for their solution. Methodological analysis includes synthesis, grouping and analogy methods, comparison, logical and systematic approaches. Also, it is based on a critical analysis of the draft new IAS 1, both in terms of the terminology used in this document and the approaches provided for in it to compile various reporting forms. The research results can improve both international financial reporting regulations and Russian requirements in this area. As prospects for the study should be called an assessment of further changes made by the IASB to the draft new IAS 1, identifying the problems that arise in this case and finding ways to solve them.
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Dib, Darine, and Khalil Feghali. "Preliminary impact of IFRS 9 implementation on the Lebanese banking sector." Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 369–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/jamis.2021.03001.
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Research Question: What is the impact of the new requirements of the expected credit loss (ECL) model on the Lebanese banking sector? Motivation: In spite the expansion of research in respect of International Financial Reporting Standard N0. 9 (IFRS 9) in the past few years, it is still in its infancy in developing countries. Meanwhile, empirical IFRS 9 studies for banks is yet considered little as compared to the theoretical aspect. Our study seeks to fill this gap by testing the impact of IFRS 9 on the Lebanese banking sector. This paper is the first comprehensive attempt to empirically assess the estimated impact of IFRS 9 as disclosed in the 2017 financial statements. Idea: This study examines if the increase in provision based on the new ECL is strongly positively related to the average credit losses for the last 5 years, the current provisions level for the loans portfolio, the portfolio of investment securities, and the portfolio of liquid assets. Data: The data were collected from 19 consolidated banks representing 91% of the total consolidated balance sheet of all Lebanese banks. Tools: To test study’s hypotheses, we applied linear regression using SPSS. Findings: Two main results can be derived: First, we found that the impact of the new ECL model is not material to the banks’ equity if we consider the excess regulatory provisions booked in anticipation of IFRS 9. Second, we found that the increase in provision based on the ECL model is strongly positively related to the portfolio of investments securities and negatively related to the historical credit loss ratio. Contribution: Empirical IFRS 9 studies for banks is yet considered little as compared to the theoretical aspect. Our study seeks to fill this gap by testing the impact of IFRS 9 on the Lebanese banking sector. The Lebanese banks are an interesting case because they play a key role in the Lebanese economy, acting as the main channel for capital inflows into the country and financing the largest part of the government’s current account deficit.
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Janggur, Metodius France Marjun, and Trinandari Prasetyo Nugrahanti. "Implementation of Accounting Standards for Cryptocurrency Companies in Indonesia." Journal of Asian Business Strategy 12, no. 2 (December 2, 2022): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5006.v12i2.4680.
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The development of number of cryptocurrency startups around the world, including in Indonesia, is increasing every year, demanding business people to provide financial services by accepting the presence of cryptocurrency technology directly in the real world. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) adopting International Accounting Standards (IAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on cryptocurrency companies at the Indonesian National Indodax Company (Bitcoin Indonesia). This research method is descriptive qualitative with data collection methods using interview and observation techniques. The results show that the Indodax Company (Bitcoin Indonesia) uses IAS 2 inventory because the company's core business is in brokerage, which measures cryptocurrency inventory recorded at fair value after deducting costs to sell and is recognized in the income statement and reported in the Available for sale financial asset account. At the same time, the entity applies IAS 38 intangible assets in the measurement, valuation, and presentation of financial statements that refer to computer software and internet domains, not cryptocurrency assets in the form of coins and tokens. In addition, entities that measure and value cryptocurrency assets (cash and tokens) using financial instruments IFRS 9 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement are calculated and recorded as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).
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Kuz’min, A. Yu. "Procedure for Separate Accounting of Interest and Exchange Rate Components of the Fair Value of a Set of Financial Instruments: IFRS." Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 9, no. 5 (November 24, 2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2022-9-5-56-64.
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The research considers the development of the principles of separate accounting and analysis of the interest and exchange rate components of the fair value of a set of financial instruments under the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The aim of the work is to consider a practical situation with a deferred payment for financial instruments received under an agreement, while the participants of the scheme hedged economic transactions using derivative financial instruments. Here, from the standpoint of accounting and analytics, the mechanism of separation of interest and exchange rate elements, which directly affect the fair value of the forward contract, is of significant importance. It also related this to the requirements of IFRS standards. The research has developed a procedure for separate accounting of these financial components. In particular, it has worked out an algorithm for accounting and mathematical evaluation of exchange rate differences when hedging cash flows of debt instruments with currency forwards. The methodological base of the research includes dynamic situational analysis, system analysis, models of financial mathematics, analytical procedures of the modern theory of financial accounting. The theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in the development of scientific and applied tools based on accounting and process models and evaluation algorithms. The accounting can use the developed procedures, analytical and audit services of banks and corporations in preparing and analyzing financial statements under IFRS.
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Dawood, Abdul Majeed S., and Saad Salman Awad AL Maeeni. "The role of electronic auditing in verifying the principles and approaches of accounting measurement for financial instruments when adopting international financial reporting standards IFRS." Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences 11, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/6/2021-11/229-247.
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The diversity of financial assets owned by Iraqi companies, which are measured and presented in different ways according to the classification of these assets according to international financial reporting standards, and that re-measuring these assets (shares) affects the income statement and the financial position of companies according to the change in the fair value of shares. The auditor uses multiple auditing methods for the purpose of verifying the measurement and presentation of these assets, including the use of electronic means in auditing (computer auditing.(The aim of the research is to clarify what electronic auditing is and to explain and analyse the measurement requirements in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS - 9), in addition to preparing an electronic audit program that helps the auditor to verify the re measurement and presentation of the companies ’financial assets. Two mixed joint stock companies (Iraqi Company for Manufacturing and Marketing Dates - the National Company for Tourism Investments and Real Estate Projects) are adopted as a field of application by analysing their financial data for the year / 2018 and conducting a simulation of the outcome of the activity and the financial position of the company using an electronic audit program. This is to show the difference between the actual results and the results expected to be shown in light of the measurement principles adopted under international financial reporting standards. The researchers have concluded that the use of electronic means helps the auditor to conduct the audit process for the various financial assets due to their multiplicity and diversity in addition to the diversity of their market values. In addition, this enables the auditor to identify errors and indicate their impact on the income statement and budget and thus reach a final opinion on the financial statements towards the use of electronic means in auditing operations by professional organizations and relevant authorities for the purpose of speed and accuracy in completing auditing operations. Moreover, the necessity to prepare electronic programs for various auditing purposes in line with the activity of the bodies subject for auditing and training auditors in the use of such programs.
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Arzu, Daniela, Marcella Lucchetta, and Guido Max Mantovani. "Catch the Heterogeneity: The New Bank-Tailored Integrated Rating." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14070312.
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The purpose of this article is to develop a bank-oriented rating approach, tailored by incorporating the various heterogeneity dimensions characterizing financial institutions, named “Bank-Tailored Integrated Rating” (BTIR). BTIR is able to catch the financial cycle, including the pandemic crisis, and the ongoing change in banking normative from a microeconomic perspective, and it is inherently coherent with the challenging frontier of forecasting tail risk in financial markets in similar ways as in De Nicolò and Lucchetta (2017), although their approach is macroeconomic) since it considers the downside risk in the theoretical framework. The method employed was an innovative integrated rating (IR) statistical and econometrical panel pre-selection analysis that takes into account the characteristics of risk and the greater heterogeneity of the banks. The result is a challenge rating procedure delivering forward-looking preselection requested by the new International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS-9). The future direction is extremely promising given the increase in idiosyncratic and systemic risks in financial markets.
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Breeden, Joseph L., and Maxim Vaskouski. "Predicting economists: Generating scenarios for stress testing future loss reserves." International Journal of Financial Engineering 08, no. 03 (May 15, 2021): 2142004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424786321420044.
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Stress testing under the US Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) regulations and those of many other countries seeks to assess the full possible financial position of a lender through an economic crisis. The introduction of lifetime loan loss reserves under FASB’s Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) and IASB’s International Financial Reporting Standards 9 (IFRS 9) rules complicates the task of stress testing, because lenders need to estimate future losses using scenarios that are contingent on the stress testing scenario, but without perfect foresight of the future stress test scenario. This work casts the CECL and IFRS 9 stress testing problem as one of generating future economic scenarios that are consistent with how future economists would create scenarios. To that end, we obtained historic consensus economic scenarios for testing. The results here demonstrate that a second-order Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model fits historic scenarios well and could be used to generate future scenarios that would be a realistic representation of what economists would predict given economic conditions up to that point. This approach was tested for US real gross domestic product (RGDP) and unemployment rate scenarios through the 2009 recession. The RGDP modeling was straight-forward, but we discovered that consensus economic scenarios for unemployment rate appear to be conditional on the phase of the economy.
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Salami, Abdulai Agbaje, Ahmad Bukola Uthman, and Lukman Adebayo-Oke Abdulrauf. "Signalling Behaviour and Bank Provisioning Policies in Nigeria: The Conditional Effect of the IFRS Adoption and Solvency Risk." Trends Economics and Management 15, no. 38 (December 31, 2021): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/trends.2021.38.35.
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Purpose of the article: Based on the propositions of the signalling hypothesis and prospect theory, this study examined the extent of attempt by Nigerian deposit money banks (DMBs) to solve the issue of adverse selection via signalling their financial prospects using loan loss provisions (LLPs). The empirical test was subject to the DMBs’ riskiness and changes in the accounting rule given failure of a number DMBs and the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) respectively in Nigeria in the recent past.Methodology: Bank-level unbalanced panel datasets of a sample 16 DMBs, which are related to the variables of the study, were hand-extracted from their annual reports and account between 2007 and 2017. The analysis was conducted using the Prais-Winsten regression correlated with panel corrected standard errors (PCSE-PW) owing to the presence of heteroscedastic and autocorrelated residuals in the study’s regression models.Scientific aim: The study examined the relationship between LLPs and one-year-ahead changes in earnings before taxes and LLPs to establish whether Nigerian DMBs signal their financial strength via LLPs.Findings: The study largely found that Nigerian DMBs, regardless of accounting regime and risk of insolvency, do not use LLPs to signal their financial strength. However, where the evidence of signalling via LLPs was evident the coefficient of earnings signalling was insignificant, where it was significant signalling was achievable via discretionary LLPs (DLLP) rather than actual LLPs (TLLP) suggesting manipulative provisioning in the use of LLPs to signal.Conclusions: The study’s findings included empirical communication alerts to the regulators and Nigerian DMBs on the need for improvement in earnings signalling, as the present scenario may be interpreted as a sign of a non-going concern by analytical stakeholders. Limits of research: The generalisation of the study’s findings may be limited by the focus on one regime (IAS 39) of IFRS loan loss reporting but mitigated by the partial implementation of the second regime (IFRS 9) for the first four years in the country.
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Druzhilovskaya, T. Yu, and E. S. Druzhilovskaya. "Problematic Aspects of the Draft New IA S 1 on the Formation of Financial Statements." Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 9, no. 4 (October 22, 2022): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2022-9-4-35-44.
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The International Financial Reporting Standards Board (IFRS) IASB currently works on the draft new IAS 1, which would significantly improve financial reporting regulations. The analysis of this draft allows to conclude that several innovations aimed at achieving this goal simultaneously lead to the emergence of new important problems in the above field reporting. The authors have already addressed to the future IAS 1 in the previous issue of the journal “Accounting. Analysis. Audit”. They paid attention to the connection with the changes in the names of financial reporting forms, regulations for dividing into six categories of income and expenses presented in the statement (reports) of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and expenses, as well as requirements in regarding the methods of recording operating expenses in this statement. This paper studies the remaining problems associated with the innovations of the above project, and to overcome them. The methodological base of the research includes a critical analysis of the content of the above project in the terminology’s results of the study identify the major problems caused by the regulations of the draft new IAS 1, and the rationale for recommendations for their solution. Also, the research will be useful to a wide range of readers interested in reforming approaches to financial reporting, can be used in the practical work of accounting departments, in the educational process of higher educational institutions and in the development and improvement of relevant accounting regulations.
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Nadhir, Zahratun, and Ratna Wardhani. "The effect of audit quality and degree of international Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) convergence on the accrual earnings management in ASEAN countries." Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 7, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.7.1(9).
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Mechelli, Alessandro, Vincenzo Sforza, Alessandra Stefanoni, and Riccardo Cimini. "The value relevance of the fair value hierarchy. Empirical evidence from the European Union." FINANCIAL REPORTING, no. 2 (October 2018): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/fr2018-002002.
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This paper investigates the value relevance of the fair value hierarchy disclosed for financial instruments through a sample of 97 financial entities listed over the period 2011-2016 in the stock markets of 23 European countries. Its main objectives are threefold. First, by analysing the European setting, the paper means to study the value relevance of the fair value hierarchy to judge the choice of the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) to extend the disclosure of the hierarchy to all the assets and liabilities. Second, the paper aims to evaluate the choice of abandoning management intent as a criterion for the classification and measurement of financial instruments investigating the effect that such an intent has on the value relevance of the fair value hierarchy. Finally, by studying the effect that exposure to risks has on the value relevance of the fair value hierarchical levels, the paper plans to investigate the implications that the disclosure of the hierarchy could have on the rules of Basel 3 capital adequacy. Formulating three different research hypotheses, the findings validate them providing evidence that the value relevance of fair value measurement depends on the source of inputs used to estimate fair value and that both management intent and the risk intensity of the asset book only affect the value relevance of the less reliable fair value estimates. These results are useful for standard setters and regulators. Actually, for the investors decisions, they suggest the importance of disclosing the fair value hierarchy for all the assets and liabilities as required by IFRS 13, as well as the advantage of replacing in IFRS 9 the management intent criterion with the business model test and the characteristics of the instruments for the classification and measurement of financial assets. For the future, the findings suggest the opportunity to introduce filters within the common equity tier 1 for the less reliable fair value estimates. This paper's current and future implications for standard setters and regulators are to avoid earnings management and capital management behaviour possibly affecting the quality of financial reporting.
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Tabouratzi, Efthalia, Christos Lemonakis, and Alexandros Garefalakis. "Determinants of failure in Greek manufacturing SMEs." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 3 (2017): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i3art5.
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The globalization and the global financial crisis provide a new extremely competitive environment for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). During the latest years, the increased number of firms’ default has generated the need of understanding the factors of firms’ default, as SMEs in periods of financial crisis suffer from lack of financial resources and expensive bank lending. We use a sample of 3600 Greek manufacturing firms (9 Sectors), covering the time period of 2003-2011 (9 years). We run a panel regression model with correction for fixed effects in both the cross-section and period dimensions using as dependent variable the calculated Z-Score of each firm, and as independent variables several financial ratios, as well as the exporting activity and the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS Accounting Standards).We find that firms presenting higher performance in terms of ROA and sales and higher leverage levels that enhance their liquidity as well are healthier in terms of Z-score than their less profitable counterparts and acquire lower rates of probability of default: in other words, less risk. The results of the study can lead to policy implications for both Managers and the Government in order to enhance the growth of Greek manufacturing sector.
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Alit, Ni Nyoman. "Creative Accounting Sebagai Informasi Yang Baik Atau Menyesatkan?" AKRUAL: Jurnal Akuntansi 8, no. 2 (July 19, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jaj.v8n2.p1-9.
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AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat creative accounting sebagai informasi yang baik atau menyesatkan bagi investor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan pendekatan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan creative accounting yang dilakukan oleh manajemen untuk menaikkan nilai perusahaan dan memberikan kepuasaan pada investor. Fenomena creative accounting lebih banyak terjadi di antara periode 2002 sampai 2008. Upaya creative accounting meskipun dapat dibenarkan dalam tataran teori, namun tidak dapat diterima dari sisi etika. Pelaporan kegiatan perusahaan dengan upaya creative accounting secara norma salah, dikarenakan hal ini memberikan informasi yang menyesatkan bagi pengguna informasi tersebut, seperti calon investor. Secara empiris, sejak diberlakukannya IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) , berita media tentang creative accounting pada perusahaan-perusahaan besar di beberapa negara mulai berkurang. Namun, dalam meta analisis studi dari Dechow (2011), menemukan cara baru untuk mendeteksi upaya creative accounting dengan model reverse.
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Adriansyah, Mohamad Vikri, and Auliffi Ermian Challen. "Analysis of the Application of Statements of Financial Accounting Standards Number 71 concerning Financial Instruments (Case Study at Ltd Bank BRI (Persero) Plc in 2020)." Operations Research: International Conference Series 3, no. 2 (June 5, 2022): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47194/orics.v3i2.132.
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Statements of Financial Accounting Standards are commonly called PSAK in Indonesian terms. PSAK No. 71, which is the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 9, has officially come into force effective as of 1 January 2020 as Indonesia's new Financial Accounting Standards are commonly called SAK in Indonesian terms. PSAK No. 71 changed several rules related to financial instruments. This emerged as a response to the failure of corporations, especially the financial sector, which could not see signals from the market regarding uncollected bills from the start. This study aims to determine the application of PSAK No. 71 Financial Instruments in the financial sector, especially in the banking industry. The subject in this study is Ltd Bank BRI (Persero) Plc because Ltd Bank BRI (Persero) Plc is the Bank with the largest total assets and the Bank with the highest credit distribution value in Indonesia in 2020. The object in this study is the financial statements of Ltd Bank BRI (Persero) Plc ending as of December 31, 2020. This research type of research is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The results showed that Ltd Bank BRI (Persero) Plc had implemented all the regulations contained in PSAK No. 71 for the financial statements ended December 31, 2020, and the impact of implementation can be seen from the total value of Allowance for Impairment Losses are commonly called CKPN in Indonesian terms which increased by 29.07% at the beginning of its implementation.
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Antônio, Rafael Moreira, Marcelo Augusto Ambrozini, Vinícius Medeiros Magnani, and Alex A. T. Rathke. "Does the use of hedge derivatives improve the credit ratings of Brazilian companies?" Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 31, no. 82 (April 2020): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201908740.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that may explain the attribution of credit ratings to firms, focusing especially on the impact of derivatives. The gap explored by this research lies in the novelty of analyzing how rating agencies perceive the effects caused by information related to derivatives use by Brazilian publicly-traded companies. In addition, this study shifts the previous findings from stock analysts to rating agencies, reinforcing the discussion about the complexity of derivatives in the credit risk assessment process. This research topic is currently of interest due to the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 (Accounting Pronouncements Committee - CPC - 48), which came into effect in January of 2018. Based on these rules, the main novelty presented in this article was its verification of the effect of the derivatives used by companies in order to hedge their credit ratings, thus helping to fill the empirical gap that exists in the literature from the area. The results found challenge the theory that the use of hedge derivatives is viewed positively by investors. However, although no significant statistical impact was found on the ratings of companies that use derivatives, it was observed that the companies that use derivatives and have the highest notional values were those that received the best ratings from Moody’s. With this we broadened the debate about the complexity of the information linked to derivatives use. In the study, 2,090 ratings attributed to non-financial companies with stocks traded on the Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão [B]³ exchange were examined between 2010 and 2016 by using panel data analysis, which lends robustness to the analysis and findings. Contrary to the central hypothesis of this research, the results presented here show that, in Brazil, companies that use derivative financial instruments for hedging do not receive the best credit ratings from rating agencies. One of the main contributions of this study is the evidence that Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s were unable to consistently incorporate information related to derivatives use, thus broadening the discussion about the complexity of these financial instruments.
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سقف الحيط, فراس إسماعيل مسعود, and محمد فوزي شاكر شبيطة. "أثر تطبيق معيار الإبلاغ المالي الدولي رقم (9) في جودة مخرجات النظام المحاسبي لشركات التأمين في الأردن = The Impact of Applying International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS 9) on the Quality of the Accounting System Outcomes of the Insurance Companies in Jordan." مجلة الزرقاء للبحوث و الدراسات الإنسانية 17, no. 3 (December 2017): 724–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0044891.
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Muriithi, Robert Githua. "Distressed Debt Management & Lessons Learnt Through Case Management: Banking Industry in Kenya." European Journal of Business and Management Research 7, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.1.1252.
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Deteriorating and troubled assets must be subjected to enhanced risk oversight and monitoring to ensure that appropriate action is taken in a timely manner, allowing a high level of obligor turnaround success and reduced risk of loss for the Lender/Financial Institution/Bank. It’s important for a Bank to harmonize Distressed Debt Management approach, called the Watch List (WL) Framework, and details the requirements to ensure timely adherence to regulatory requirements. The impairment requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS 9) Financial Instruments, effective as of 1 January 2018, are based on an Excepted Credit Loss (ECL) model and replace the IAS 39 Financial Instruments; Recognition and Measurement incurred loss model. IFRS 9, recognizes impairment allowances on either a 12-month or lifetime ECL basis, dependent on whether there was a significant increase in credit risk (SICR) since initial recognition (being either asset origination date or ‘base date’, whichever is most recent). The measurement of ECL reflects both a probability-weighted outcome and the time value of money, using the best available forward-looking information. There should be relevant policies that would require to be read in conjunction with relevant manuals and Accounting Standards. It’s equally important to detail the monitoring objectives for consistent management of wholesale impairment and the provisions necessary to meet regulatory requirements. It is imperative that when dealing with Distressed Debt/Assets, that attention is given to the requirements detailed under Conduct Risk and that client confidentiality is maintained. Mostly, business failure is a result of financial and/or economic distress. A firm in financial distress experiences a shortfall in cash flow needed to meet its debt obligations. Its business model does not necessarily have fundamental problems and its products are often attractive. In contrast, firms in economic distress have unsustainable business models and will not be viable without asset restructuring. In practice, many distressed firms suffer from a combination of the two. Many factors contribute to the high number of business failures. Some common failures include and are not limited to the below. Poor operating performance and high financial leverage. A firm's poor operating performance may result from many factors, such as poorly executed acquisitions, competition, overcapacity, new channels of competition within an industry (e.g., retail), commodity price shocks (e.g., energy), and cyclical industries (e.g., airlines). High financial leverage exacerbates the effect of poor operating performance on the likelihood of corporate failure. Lack of technological innovation. Technological innovation creates negative shocks to businesses that do not innovate. The arrival of a new technology often threatens the survival of firms that possess related, yet less competitive, technologies. There needs for a business to strategically position itself in the market through digital transformation in its processes, product development and operations Liquidity and funding shock. In periods of weak credit supply, some businesses are unable to roll over maturing debt because of illiquidity in credit markets. Relatively high new business formation rates in certain periods. New business formation is usually based on optimism about the future. But new businesses fail with far greater frequency than do more seasoned entities, and the failure rate can be expected to increase in the years immediately following a surge in new business activity. Deregulation of key industries. Deregulation removes the protective cover of a regulated industry (e.g., airlines, financial services, HealthCare, energy) and fosters larger numbers of entering and exiting firms. Competition is far greater in a deregulated environment. Unexpected liabilities. Businesses may fail because off-balance sheet contingent liabilities suddenly become material on-balance sheet liabilities.
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Abdul, Ghani Faiyyaz, and Malik Abdullah. "Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard: A Literature Review." American Journal of Economics and Business Innovation 1, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajebi.v1i3.586.
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International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) refers to a unique, uniform, simple, and easily understandable accounting standard acceptable and applied across the globe by various firms. It is emerging as a powerful device to bring uniformity to financial reporting by companies at the global level. Due to rapid industrialization and internationalization, the countries opened their avenue to foreign corporations. Therefore, it has been necessitated to have an accounting system that could bring uniformity and acceptability to financial reporting across borders. This review article has explored the present situation of the IFRS in the light of its emergence at the global level. The paper also proposes the model by merging the IFRS constructs with FDI, robust financial information reporting, transparency, and comparability construct by drawing together and developing the scale for measuring quality financial information through International Financial reporting standards based on existing literature. Against this backdrop, the present review paper seeks to highlight different dimensions and the pros and cons of using the International Financial Reporting Standard across borders. The content analysis has been adopted as the methodological framework for the literature review. The result of studies have confirmed that IFRS assimilation will improve transparency, comparability across the spectrum.
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Koppeschaar, Z. "International Financial Reporting standard for Small and Medium-sized entities." Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2012): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v5i1.27.
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<p>The International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized entities (IFRS for SMEs) was published as a standard by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) during July 2009. During 2007 South Africa became one of the first countries and the first country in Africa to early accept the proposed accounting standard (exposure draft of an IFRS for SMEs). The accounting standard will probably also be accepted by numerous other countries. The aim of this article is to investigate the applicability of this accounting standard. The results indicated that the IFRS for SMEs remains too comprehensive for the majority of small companies. The IFRS for SMEs does not satisfy the needs of South African users of small company financial statements, and as a result the accounting requirements should be simplified.</p><p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> Financial accounting; Financial reporting requirements; IFRS for SMEs; Small companies; Users of financial statements; Small company financial statements.</p>
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Ramdani, Rahmat Fajar. "Bentuk Penerapan International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) Di Negara Anggota Asean." JEMMA (Journal of Economic, Management and Accounting) 3, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.35914/jemma.v3i2.428.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk penerapan International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) di negara – negara yang menjadi anggota ASEAN. Untuk memperoleh gambaran bentuk penerapan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif berdasarkan pendekatan kualitatif. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan pada ringkasan data yang berasal dari dokumen IFRS profile yang bersumber dari IFRS Foundation, Price Waterhouse Coopers (PWC), Delloite dan IASplus. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa terdapat ketidakseragaman bentuk penerapan International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) sehingga terdapat 4 (empat) kelompok bentuk status penerapan International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) di negara anggota ASEAN yaitu; pertama melalui adopsi penuh yang meliputi; Malaysia, Filipina, Singapore, Kamboja, Laos dan Myanmar, kedua adopsi secara parsial yaitu; Brunei Darusalam. Ketiga, melalui tahap konvergensi yang terdiri dari Indonesia dan Thailand, kempat belum menerapkan yaitu negara Vietnam. Adopsi secara penuh merupakan bentuk penerapan yang paling banyak digunakan oleh negara – negara anggota ASEANKata Kunci : adopsi penuh, adopsi parsial, konvergensi, IFRS
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Ramdani, Rahmat Fajar. "Bentuk Penerapan International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) Di Negara Anggota Asean." JEMMA (Journal of Economic, Management and Accounting) 3, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.35914/jemma.v3i2.428.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk penerapan International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) di negara – negara yang menjadi anggota ASEAN. Untuk memperoleh gambaran bentuk penerapan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif berdasarkan pendekatan kualitatif. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan pada ringkasan data yang berasal dari dokumen IFRS profile yang bersumber dari IFRS Foundation, Price Waterhouse Coopers (PWC), Delloite dan IASplus. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa terdapat ketidakseragaman bentuk penerapan International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) sehingga terdapat 4 (empat) kelompok bentuk status penerapan International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) di negara anggota ASEAN yaitu; pertama melalui adopsi penuh yang meliputi; Malaysia, Filipina, Singapore, Kamboja, Laos dan Myanmar, kedua adopsi secara parsial yaitu; Brunei Darusalam. Ketiga, melalui tahap konvergensi yang terdiri dari Indonesia dan Thailand, kempat belum menerapkan yaitu negara Vietnam. Adopsi secara penuh merupakan bentuk penerapan yang paling banyak digunakan oleh negara – negara anggota ASEANKata Kunci : adopsi penuh, adopsi parsial, konvergensi, IFRS
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Hilliard, Theresa DiPonio, and Presha Neidermeyer. "The Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): Evidence from Canada." Studies in Business and Economics 11, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2016-0020.
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Abstract The Canadian transition to IFRS provides a valuable IFRS learning opportunity. The Canadian transition and implementation of IFRS provides a unique opportunity to examine the conversion of financial reporting from a similar set of financial reporting rules as U.S. GAAP in a similar economic and business environment. The implementation and adoption of IFRS is not a monolithic event. Our ability to comprehensively understand and assess IFRS requires transparent disclosures such as those mandated by IFRS 1 and disaggregation of the equity components to observe and measure the impact of IFRS as it pertains to discretionary management implementation choices, material reclassifications, and GAAP-to-GAAP differences. Comprehensive knowledge of IFRS 1, First Time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards is crucial to our ability to assess the transitory and future impact of IFRS. IFRS 1 sets the precedent for financial reporting under IFRS, overrides transitional provisions included in other IFRS, and prescribes detailed disclosures. This detailed “rules-based” standard permits discretionary management policy choices which have material impact on transitory reporting as well as future financial results.
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Amissah, Edmond, Paul Hammond, and Reginald Djimatey. "The Effects of International Financial Reporting Standards on Reporting Quality of Financial Institutions in Ghana." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 10, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v10i2.16851.
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This study sought to examine the reporting quality of financial institutions in Ghana after adopting International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) as its official national reporting standard. Using a fixed effect logistic regression, the study compares the earnings management of banks and insurance firms before and after IFRS adoption on reporting quality. The data used was drawn from 51 financial institutions made up of 23 universal banks and 28 insurance companies observed over the period 2003 to 2014. The empirical results indicate that financial institutions exhibit more earnings management during the post-adoption era which is interpreted as a decline in the quality of financial reporting among financial institutions in Ghana. The results documented in this study add to the dearth of literature and contributes to the debate on IFRS adoption and its related impact on reporting quality (earnings management) among financial institutions from the perspective of an emerging market. The study is unique in the sense that it includes the insurance industry where the literature is largely silent especially, on the impact of IFRS adoption by countries on the African continent. Furthermore, unlike previous studies, this paper considers both listed and non-listed firms.
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Lawal, Adedoyin Isola, Ezekiel Oseni, Abiola A. Babajide, Bukola Lawal-Adedoyin, and Faith Bonetipin. "THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD (IFRS) ADOPTION ON KEY FINANCIAL RATIOS IN NIGERIA." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 4 (July 21, 2020): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8430.
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Purpose: This study examined the effects of the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) on the quality of financial statements of agro-allied firms in Nigeria.
Methodology: Battery of unit root test techniques and co-integration tests were deployed to examine the existence of long-run impact of relevance and reliability of financial reporting as provoked by IFRS adoption. The study made use of Panel Fully Modified Least Square techniques to examine the nature of the relationship between the Pre-IFRS and Post-IFRS adoption periods.
Main Findings: The study noted that IFRS adoption has a substantial effect on the reliability and relevance of financial statements.
Implications: The findings of this study help in shedding light on the impact of the IFRS on financial statements' reliability and relevance of listed agro-allied firms in Nigeria.
Novelty: This study offers a unique understanding of the impact of IFRS adoption on financial ratios in Nigeria.
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Et. al., Nawzad Majeed Hamawandy,. "Adopting and Imlementation of International Finacial Reporting Standard In Iraq Atheoretical Perspective." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.716.
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Proper adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) has been inextricably linked to global financial market penetration and economic development. Yet most of the developing countries still face some challenges in its adoption. Various studies have examined the benefits and challenges of IFRS adoption.
The organization and culture, resistance to change, knowledge of IFRS and government policy has dominated the discourse on the challenges of IFRS adoption in developing countries. As we consider the shift in discourse towards the developing countries, this paper explore the empirical analysis studies that analyzing the challenges hindering the proper adoption of IFRS, and its implication for financial market development and economic growth. This paper develops the main issues that pose a challenge to IFRS adoption in developing country like Iraq by reviewing the existing empirical evidence in the literature
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Richards, Glenn, and Chris van Staden. "The readability impact of international financial reporting standards." Pacific Accounting Review 27, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 282–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-08-2013-0086.
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Purpose – This paper aims to compare the readability of narrative annual report disclosure pre- and post-International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption using a computational linguistics programme to determine if annual report disclosures have become more difficult or easier to read following the adoption of IFRS. Design/methodology/approach – This paper empirically measures narrative annual report disclosure readability pre- and post-IFRS adoption using a computational linguistics programme. In this analysis, the authors control for variables that have been identified as relevant to the understanding of financial disclosures, such as size, business volatility, financial leverage and industry. Findings – Significant relationships have been identified between IFRS adoption and reduced readability indicators using readability formulas, and also using other factors such as increased length of annual report disclosures and increased use of tables. Findings suggest that the adoption of IFRS has added complexity and resulted in reduced readability of annual report disclosures. Practical implications – Academic backing to claims of IFRS’s negative implications for financial statements and their ultimate users should encourage action on the part of standard setters and report preparers to address the negative impacts of IFRS adoption. Originality/value – This paper is the first to provide evidence that New Zealand equivalents to IFRS adoption have resulted in not only longer disclosures but also more complicated disclosures.
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Serçemeli, Murat. "A research about adoption of international financial reporting standard on G20 countries." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 6185. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v13i3.3949.
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The existence of particular accounting and reporting systems for companies operating in different countries creates a difficulty in making comparisons among these companies. One of the most important attempts to fix this problem is the enforcement of IFRS as a single standard in all countries. The aim of this research is to identify the current situation of G20 countries regarding the adoption of IFRS as a global standard. To this end, the current status of IFRS and the process of its adoption in G20 countries is examined in order to determine the extent of IFRS’s adoption as a global accounting standard. For this purpose, certain criteria are determined by analyzing the reports prepared by IASB on the IFRS applications in 143 countries and then content analysis of the country reports of the G20 countries are provided based on these criteria.According to the findings of the study, although it is possible to observe that all G20 countries except USA accept IFRS as the global accounting standard, this does not lead to the adoption of IFRS at the national level. Most G20 countries either adopted IFRS or making preparations for its adoption. However, the facts that IFRS is not applied in the world’s two biggest economies, USA and China, as well as in Indonesia and India and its only partial application in Saudi Arabia and its status of optional application in Japan are striking. As a result it is possible to claim that even though IFRS has expanded largely, there is still room for progress to become the single global accounting language. Current literature on IFRS usually focuses on single countries or comparisons of few countries. This study will provide a contribution to the field by presenting the current situation in the entire G20 countries.
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V N, Sruthiya. "International Financial Reporting Standards Implementation in India: Benefits and Problems." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 6, no. 2 (March 9, 2017): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v6.n2.p13.
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<p><em>International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) introduced by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB is international financial reporting standard. IFRS is a single set of high quality, understandable and enforceable global accounting standards. It is a "principles based" set of standards which are drafted lucidly and are easy to understand and apply. IFRSs were adopted first time in 2005 by EU (European Union) and are now accepted or required in more than 120 countries. In India, this is in an implementation stage. This paper tries to study the implementation problems in India and make suggestions to solve the problems. The important implementation problems are cost, lack of awareness about IFRS among investors, and no uniformity in accounting guidance issued by various regulators (SEBI, IRDA, RBI) in India. The suggestions are to provide proper training and education to accounting professionals and employees about IFRS; Government has to reform the taxation system to match with IFRS. </em></p>
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Cherepanova, Vera. "A Case for International Financial Reporting Standard on Sustainability: A Critical Perspective." Journal of Management and Sustainability 7, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v7n2p78.
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The domain of sustainability reporting has seen a substantial proliferation in recent years. Many standards, guidelines, and voluntary regulatory mechanisms have emerged, yet a specific IFRS on sustainability doesn’t exist. This paper provides a critical analysis of desirability for the institutionalization of sustainability reporting in a form of IFRS standard. First, I discuss strengths and weaknesses of IFRS and their adoption. Next, I delineate the complex multi-dimensional nature of accounting harmonization and specifically highlight the existing barriers to the successful advancement of this process. I provide a justification why a complete convergence of national accounting standards is unlikely and even undesirable, given the diversity of cultures, enforcement mechanisms, tax and legal systems around the world. In the final section I review the concept of sustainability in its breadth and depth, and analyze how the usage of analogy to financial reporting may impose constraints on the scope of sustainability development goals. By contrast to financial reporting, sustainability reporting is addressed to a much wider group of stakeholders whose engagement is crucial for meaningful sustainable development goals. The paradigm of the IFRS does not render possible embracingthis wider scope, therefore, their applicability for the purposes of sustainability reporting is limited.
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Dewi, Ayu Aryista, and Luh Gede Krisna Dewi. "International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS): The Awareness Level In Accounting Student." AKRUAL: Jurnal Akuntansi 10, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jaj.v10n2.p157-176.
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Changes in accounting standards currently referring to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) require substantive changes at the tertiary level. The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in the level of awareness of accounting students proxied by the level of understanding, knowledge, interest, learning method preferences (pedagogy), and expected expectations (outcomes) of students towards IFRS. Research respondents were S1 students of the Accounting Study Program regular class and an English class. The analysis was carried out through questionnaires. The analysis tool uses independent t-test with the SPSS program. The results of the study indicate that there are differences in the level of interest (interest) and the desired level of expectations (outcomes) in IFRS learning. Research implications are expected to contribute to universities in the preparation of curriculum and formulate learning strategies to improve the knowledge and readiness of accounting students regarding the application of IFRS
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Mills, Roger. "Financial Reporting and Financial Economics Draw Closer." Henley Manager Update 16, no. 4 (June 2005): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174578660501600402.
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The introduction of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) represents a significant change to the ways companies will have to account and report on their value and performance. Roger Mills reviews the standard with a focus on practice. In doing so he gives companies guidelines on how to account for value. He concludes by offering both listed and non-listed companies practical advice on how to embrace the standard.
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Zakari, Murtala. "International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) Adoption and Its Impact on Financial Reporting: Evidence from Listed Nigeria Oil and Gas Companies." Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting 9, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v9i1.11407.
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This study seeks to investigate the impact of IFRS adoption on financial reporting in Nigeria Oil and Gas sector; whether it leads to significant financial reporting improvement in terms of value addition and quality; whether it reduces information asymmetry and increases investors’ confidence and understanding of the financial reports. To achieve this, data were collected from financial statements prepared using IFRS for the periods 2012-2016, and financial statements prepared using Nigeria GAAP for the periods 2007-2011, i.e. pre and post IFRS adoption in Nigeria for a period of 5years each. Analysis was conducted to test for the significance level of ROE, PAT/Sales, CA/CL, and debt-to-equity using mean, standard deviation of ratios, and T-test (paired) for both periods. The researcher found that Nigerian GAAP is more attractive and promising to shareholders than IFRS. In the same vein, IFRS is more attractive and promising to long term lenders than Nigerian GAAP. The study concludes that there is no significant financial reporting difference and quality as well as increased comparability and investors/shareholders return on investment, in adopting IFRS compare to the Nigerian GAAP by the listed Oil and Gas companies of Nigeria.