Journal articles: 'International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)'

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Jeffers, J. N. R. "Editorial: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 4, no. 4 (December 1997): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509709469958.

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CEDUA. "Desafíos demográficos para un desarrollo sustentable. Declaración de Laxenburg sobre Población y Desarrollo Sustentable / Demographic Challenges for Sustainable Development. The Laxenburg Declaration on Population and Sustainable Development." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v27i1.1411.

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Convencido de la necesidad de integrar los tres pilares del desarrollo sustentable –desarrollo económico, desarrollo social y protección del medio ambiente–, el Instituto Internacional de Análisis de Sistemas Aplicados (IIASA) reunió a más de veinte expertos en población y desarrollo para discutir sobre cómo los factores poblacionales promueven o impiden un desarrollo sustentable. La reunión contó con el apoyo del Fondo de Población de Naciones Unidas y se llevó a cabo en las instalaciones de iiasa, en Viena, del 30 de septiembre al 1 de octubre de 2011.El panel de expertos propuso cinco acciones amplias que recomienda en el marco de la Conferencia Río+20 de Naciones Unidas sobre Desarrollo Sustentable. A continuación se incluyen sus conclusiones y recomendaciones. AbstractConvinced by the need to integrate the three pillars of sustainable development (economic development, social development and environmental protection), the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) brought together more than twenty experts on population and development to discuss how population factors promote or impede sustainable development. The meeting, supported by the United Nations Population Fund, was held at the iiasa headquarters in Vienna from 30 September to 1 October, 2011.The panel of experts proposed five broad actions which were recommended within the framework of the Río+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development. Their conclusions and recommendations are given below.

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Augaityte, Kantaute. "Darnaus vystymosi tikslų įgyvendinimo analizė Baltijos šalyse." Public Policy And Administration 19, no. 1 (May 6, 2020): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.19.1.25848.

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Šiame straipsnyje yra analizuojami Baltijos šalių pasiekimai siekiant darnaus vystymosi tikslų įgyvendinimo. Analizuojama mokslinė literatūra apibūdinanti darnaus vystymosi sąvoką bei sampratą. Pateikiamas holistinis požiūris į darnaus vystymosi suvokimą ir kompleksiškas požiūris į darnaus vystymosi siekimą. Straipsnyje naudojamasi 2015 m. Jungtinių tautų darnaus vystymosi darbotvarke ir jos iškeltais tikslais. Visi tikslai, remiantis, tarptautinio taikomosios sistemos analizės instituto (angl. International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis - IIASA) suskirstomi į pagrindines šešias sritis – visuotinės vertybės, tausus išteklių naudojimas, aplinkos sąlygos, žmogaus poreikių patenkinimas, socialinis ir ekonominis augimas, valdymas ir partnerystė. Pagal šias sritis yra analizuojami pagrindiniai Baltijos šalių rodikliai (gini koeficientas, iš atsinaujinančių šaltinių gaunamos energijos dalis, šiltnamio efektą sukeliančių dujų emisijos, skurdo rizikos lygis, nedarbo lygis, valdžios išlaidos sveikatos priežiūrai ir švietimui, procentai nuo BVP). Pagal išanalizuotus rodiklius išskiriamos silpniausios sritys kiekvienoje iš Baltijos šalių ir tendencijos atsispindinčios visose Baltijos šalyse – Lietuvoje, Latvijoje bei Estijoje.

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McDONALD, ALAN. "Scientific Cooperation as a Bridge Across the Cold War Divide: The Case of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) 1." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 866, no. 1 (December 1998): 55–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09147.x.

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Smith, Mark Griffin, Carlo De March, and Ari Jolma. "Paddling Enforceable Approaches Upstream to EU Standards: Water Quality Management and Policy Implementation in Central and Eastern Europe." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 10 (November 1, 1999): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0504.

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Rivers in Central and Eastern Europe are highly polluted as a result of over-industrialization, resource intensive production processes and lax environmental enforcement. At the beginning of the economic transition, great optimism abounded within the region that environmental problems would be dealt with early and that the West would offer significant financial help. It is now clear that achieving significant improvement in environmental quality will require many years and will be largely financed from internal resources. Moreover, the region's goal of joining the European Union dominates the environmental policy agenda. Drawing upon the results of a three year study conducted at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), cost-effective strategies for eventually achieving this goal are identified. The paper discusses recommendations for implementing these strategies within the evolving political and economic environment of Central and Eastern Europe.

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Somlyódy, Làszló. "Use of optimization models in river basin water quality planning." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 5 (September 1, 1997): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0200.

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A literature review on water quality management optimization models is presented. They include linear and non-linear approaches, deterministic and stochastic methods, as well as multi-criteria decision techniques. Two river basin decision support systems, DESERT and STREAMPLAN developed recently at the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, (IIASA) are outlined. The usage of these tools is illustrated by results obtained for three river basins located in Central and Eastern European countries. Examples incorporate least-cost DO policies, regional strategies to reduce nutrient emissions with special regard to the control of inland sea eutrophication, multi-criteria decision making and the sequential usage of optimization and simulation models to assess the sensitivity of a particular policy in terms of water quality and economic impacts. Major features of available optimization models are classified. Reasons of their rare real life applications and associated barriers are evaluated, primarily the nature of legislation and related institutional structures. Finally, a future outlook is presented.

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De Marchi, Carlo, Pavel Ivanov, Ari Jolma, Ilia Masliev, Mark Griffin Smith, and László Somlyódy. "Innovative Tools for Water Quality Management and Policy Analysis: Desert and Streamplan." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 10 (November 1, 1999): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0508.

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This paper presents the major features of two decision support systems (DSS) for river water quality modeling and policy analysis recently developed at the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), DESERT and STREAMPLAN. DESERT integrates in a single package data management, model calibration, simulation, optimization and presentation of results. DESERT has the flexibility to allow the specification of both alternative water quality models and flow hydraulics for different branches of the same river basin. Specification of these models can be done interactively through Microsoft® Windows commands and menus and an easy to use interpreted language. Detailed analysis of the effects of parameter uncertainty on water quality results is integrated into DESERT. STREAMPLAN, on the other hand, is an integrated, easy-to-use software system for analyzing alternative water quality management policies on a river basin level. These policies include uniform emission reduction and effluent standard based strategies, ambient water quality and least-cost strategies, total emission reduction under minimized costs, mixed strategies, local and regional policies, and strategies with economic instruments. A distinctive feature of STREAMPLAN is the integration of a detailed model of municipal wastewater generation with a water quality model and policy analysis tools on a river basin scale.

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Werners, B. "Interactive decision analysis: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Interactive Decision Analysis and Interpretative Computer Intelligence, held at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria, September 20–23, 1983." European Journal of Operational Research 23, no. 1 (January 1986): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(86)90227-4.

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Dinkelbach, W. "Plural rationality and interactive decision processes: Proceedings of an IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) summer study, held at Sopron, Hungary, August 16–26, 1984." European Journal of Operational Research 26, no. 3 (September 1986): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(86)90147-5.

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Vogel, W. "Nondifferentiable optimization: Motivations and applications; Proceedings of an IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) Workshop on nondifferentiable optimization, held at Sopron, Hungary, September 17–22, 1984." European Journal of Operational Research 27, no. 2 (October 1986): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(86)90079-2.

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Van Sundert, Kevin, Joanna A. Horemans, Johan Stendahl, and Sara Vicca. "The influence of soil properties and nutrients on conifer forest growth in Sweden, and the first steps in developing a nutrient availability metric." Biogeosciences 15, no. 11 (June 13, 2018): 3475–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3475-2018.

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Abstract. The availability of nutrients is one of the factors that regulate terrestrial carbon cycling and modify ecosystem responses to environmental changes. Nonetheless, nutrient availability is often overlooked in climate–carbon cycle studies because it depends on the interplay of various soil factors that would ideally be comprised into metrics applicable at large spatial scales. Such metrics do not currently exist. Here, we use a Swedish forest inventory database that contains soil data and tree growth data for > 2500 forests across Sweden to (i) test which combination of soil factors best explains variation in tree growth, (ii) evaluate an existing metric of constraints on nutrient availability, and (iii) adjust this metric for boreal forest data. With (iii), we thus aimed to provide an adjustable nutrient metric, applicable for Sweden and with potential for elaboration to other regions. While taking into account confounding factors such as climate, N deposition, and soil oxygen availability, our analyses revealed that the soil organic carbon concentration (SOC) and the ratio of soil carbon to nitrogen (C : N) were the most important factors explaining variation in “normalized” (climate-independent) productivity (mean annual volume increment – m3 ha−1 yr−1) across Sweden. Normalized forest productivity was significantly negatively related to the soil C : N ratio (R2 = 0.02–0.13), while SOC exhibited an empirical optimum (R2 = 0.05–0.15). For the metric, we started from a (yet unvalidated) metric for constraints on nutrient availability that was previously developed by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA – Laxenburg, Austria) for evaluating potential productivity of arable land. This IIASA metric requires information on soil properties that are indicative of nutrient availability (SOC, soil texture, total exchangeable bases – TEB, and pH) and is based on theoretical considerations that are also generally valid for nonagricultural ecosystems. However, the IIASA metric was unrelated to normalized forest productivity across Sweden (R2 = 0.00–0.01) because the soil factors under consideration were not optimally implemented according to the Swedish data, and because the soil C : N ratio was not included. Using two methods (each one based on a different way of normalizing productivity for climate), we adjusted this metric by incorporating soil C : N and modifying the relationship between SOC and nutrient availability in view of the observed relationships across our database. In contrast to the IIASA metric, the adjusted metrics explained some variation in normalized productivity in the database (R2 = 0.03–0.21; depending on the applied method). A test for five manually selected local fertility gradients in our database revealed a significant and stronger relationship between the adjusted metrics and productivity for each of the gradients (R2 = 0.09–0.38). This study thus shows for the first time how nutrient availability metrics can be evaluated and adjusted for a particular ecosystem type, using a large-scale database.

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Ermolaeva, Olga Sergeevna, and Anatoly Mikhailovich Zeyliger. "Classification and zoning of total evaporation flows for vegetation for the territory of the Marksovsky district of the Saratov region obtained according to the product MOD 16 ET in 2003-2017." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 4 (April 20, 2022): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i4pp83-88.

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This paper presents the results of the classification and zoning of the evapotranspiration fluxes for the growing season ETaw in the Marksovsky district of the Saratov region for the growing seasons of 2003-2017. The calculations for these types of spatial analysis were carried out in the ArcGIS Pro 2.8 software environment using the previously obtained two spatial arrays ETaw. To classify ETaw flows by land use types, we used raster datasets obtained at IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) for the territory of Russia as a result of processing and analyzing space monitoring data. Analysis of the classification results for the study area revealed a significant difference in ETaw flows in areas occupied by different types of land use. For zoning ETaw flows by distance from the left bank of the Volga River, the boundaries of seven zones were built at distances from its edge: 0-5 km; 5-10 km; 10-20 km; 20-30 km; 30-40 km; 40-50 km; 50-60 km. For the territories located within the indicated zones, the filtration of two ETaw flows was carried out, which revealed a decrease in their values as they moved away from the left bank of the Volga River

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Ermolaeva, Olga Sergeevna, and Anatoly Mikhailovich Zeyliger. "Classification and zoning of total evaporation flows for vegetation for the territory of the Marksovsky district of the Saratov region obtained according to the product MOD 16 ET in 2003-2017." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 4 (April 20, 2022): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i4pp83-88.

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This paper presents the results of the classification and zoning of the evapotranspiration fluxes for the growing season ETaw in the Marksovsky district of the Saratov region for the growing seasons of 2003-2017. The calculations for these types of spatial analysis were carried out in the ArcGIS Pro 2.8 software environment using the previously obtained two spatial arrays ETaw. To classify ETaw flows by land use types, we used raster datasets obtained at IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) for the territory of Russia as a result of processing and analyzing space monitoring data. Analysis of the classification results for the study area revealed a significant difference in ETaw flows in areas occupied by different types of land use. For zoning ETaw flows by distance from the left bank of the Volga River, the boundaries of seven zones were built at distances from its edge: 0-5 km; 5-10 km; 10-20 km; 20-30 km; 30-40 km; 40-50 km; 50-60 km. For the territories located within the indicated zones, the filtration of two ETaw flows was carried out, which revealed a decrease in their values as they moved away from the left bank of the Volga River

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Lin, Yingzhi, Anping Liu, Enjun Ma, and Fan Zhang. "Impacts of Future Climate Changes on Shifting Patterns of the Agro-Ecological Zones in China." Advances in Meteorology 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/163248.

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An agroecological zone (AEZ) is a land resource mapping unit, defined in terms of climate, landform, and soils, and has a specific range of potentials and constraints for cropping (FAO, 1996). The shifting patterns of AEZs in China driven by future climatic changes were assessed by applying the agroecological zoning methodology proposed by International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in this study. A data processing scheme was proposed in this study to reduce systematic errors in projected climate data using observed data from meteorological stations. AEZs in China of each of the four periods: 2011–2020, 2021–2030, 2031–2040, and 2041–2050 were drawn. It is found that the future climate change will lead to significant local changes of AEZs in China and the overall pattern of AEZs in China is stable. The shifting patterns of AEZs will be characterized by northward expansion of humid AEZs to subhumid AEZs in south China, eastward expansion of arid AEZs to dry and moist semiarid AEZs in north China, and southward expansion of dry semiarid AEZs to arid AEZs in southwest China.

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Boogaard, Hendrik, Arun Kumar Pratihast, Juan Carlos Laso Bayas, Santosh Karanam, Steffen Fritz, Kristof Van Tricht, Jeroen Degerickx, and Sven Gilliams. "Building a community-based open harmonised reference data repository for global crop mapping." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (July 13, 2023): e0287731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287731.

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Reference data is key to produce reliable crop type and cropland maps. Although research projects, national and international programs as well as local initiatives constantly gather crop related reference data, finding, collecting, and harmonizing data from different sources is a challenging task. Furthermore, ethical, legal, and consent-related restrictions associated with data sharing represent a common dilemma faced by international research projects. We address these dilemmas by building a community-based, open, harmonised reference data repository at global extent, ready for model training or product validation. Our repository contains data from different sources such as the Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring Initiative (GEOGLAM) Joint Experiment for Crop Assessment and Monitoring (JECAM) sites, the Radiant MLHub, the Future Harvest (CGIAR) centers, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Food Security and Agriculture Program (NASA Harvest), the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) citizen science platforms (LACO-Wiki and Geo-Wiki), as well as from individual project contributions. Data of 2016 onwards were collected, harmonised, and annotated. The data sets spatial, temporal, and thematic quality were assessed applying rules developed in this research. Currently, the repository holds around 75 million harmonised observations with standardized metadata of which a large share is available to the public. The repository, funded by ESA through the WorldCereal project, can be used for either the calibration of image classification deep learning algorithms or the validation of Earth Observation generated products, such as global cropland extent and maize and wheat maps. We recommend continuing and institutionalizing this reference data initiative e.g. through GEOGLAM, and encouraging the community to publish land cover and crop type data following the open science and open data principles.

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T, Ermolieva, Ermoliev Y, Zagorodniy) A, Bogdanov V, Borodina O, Havlik P, Komendantova N, Knopov P, Gorbachuk V, and Zaslavskyi V. "Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Intelligent Decision Support Systems: Iterative “Learning” SQG-based procedures for Distributed Models’ Linkage." Artificial Intelligence 27, AI.2022.27(2) (December 29, 2022): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/jai2022.02.092.

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In this paper we discuss the on-going joint work contributing to the IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria) and National Academy of Science of Ukraine projects on “Modeling and management of dynamic stochastic interdependent systems for food-water-energy-health security nexus” (see [1-2] and references therein). The project develops methodological and modeling tools aiming to create Intelligent multimodel Decision Support System (IDSS) and Platform (IDSP), which can integrate national Food, Water, Energy, Social models with the models operating at the global scale (e.g., IIASA GLOBIOM and MESSAGE), in some cases ‘downscaling’ the results of the latter to a national level. Data harmonization procedures rely on new type non-smooth stochastic optimization and stochastic quasigradient (SQG) [3-4] methods for robust of-line and on-line decisions involving large-scale machine learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) problems in particular, Deep Learning (DL) including deep neural learning or deep artificial neural network (ANN). Among the methodological aims of the project is the development of “Models’ Linkage” algorithms which are in the core of the IDSS as they enable distributed models’ linkage and data integration into one system on a platform [5-8]. The linkage algorithms solve the problem of linking distributed models, e.g., sectorial and/or regional, into an inter-sectorial inter-regional integrated models. The linkage problem can be viewed as a general endogenous reinforced learning problem of how software agents (models) take decisions in order to maximize the “cumulative reward". Based on novel ideas of systems’ linkage under asymmetric information and other uncertainties, nested strategic-operational and local-global models are being developed and used in combination with, in general, non-Bayesian probabilistic downscaling procedures. In this paper we illustrate the importance of the iterative “learning” solution algorithms based on stochastic quasigradient (SQG) procedures for robust of-line and on-line decisions involving large-scale Machine Learning, Big Data analysis, Distributed Models Linkage, and robust decision-making problems. Advanced robust statistical analysis and machine learning models of, in general, nonstationary stochastic optimization allow to account for potential distributional shifts, heavy tails, and nonstationarities in data streams that can mislead traditional statistical and machine learning models, in particular, deep neural learning or deep artificial neural network (ANN). Proposed models and methods rely on probabilistic and non-probabilistic (explicitly given or simulated) distributions combining measures of chances, experts’ beliefs and similarity measures (for example, compressed form of the kernel estimators). For highly nonconvex models such as the deep ANN network, the SQGs allow to avoid local solutions. In cases of nonstationary data, the SQGs allow for sequential revisions and adaptation of parameters to the changing environment, possibly, based on of-line adaptive simulations. The non-smooth STO approaches and SQG-based iterative solution procedures are illustrated with examples of robust estimation, models’ linkage, machine learning, adaptive Monte Carlo optimization for cat risks (floods, earthquakes, etc.) modeling and management.

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Tomović, R. "Large-scale Modelling and Interactive Decision Analysis: Proceedings of a Workshop sponsored by IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) and the Institute for Informatics of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Held at the Wartburg Castle, Eisenach, GDR, November, 18–21, 1985." European Journal of Operational Research 29, no. 3 (June 1987): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(87)90257-8.

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Ellingsen, K., M. Gauss, R. Van Dingenen, F. J. Dentener, L. Emberson, A. M. Fiore, M. G. Schultz, et al. "Global ozone and air quality: a multi-model assessment of risks to human health and crops." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (February 6, 2008): 2163–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-2163-2008.

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Abstract. Within ACCENT, a European Network of Excellence, eighteen atmospheric models from the U.S., Europe, and Japan calculated present (2000) and future (2030) concentrations of ozone at the Earth's surface with hourly temporal resolution. Comparison of model results with surface ozone measurements in 14 world regions indicates that levels and seasonality of surface ozone in North America and Europe are characterized well by global models, with annual average biases typically within 5–10 nmol/mol. However, comparison with rather sparse observations over some regions suggest that most models overestimate annual ozone by 15–20 nmol/mol in some locations. Two scenarios from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and one from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC SRES) have been implemented in the models. This study focuses on changes in near-surface ozone and their effects on human health and vegetation. Different indices and air quality standards are used to characterise air quality. We show that often the calculated changes in the different indices are closely inter-related. Indices using lower thresholds are more consistent between the models, and are recommended for global model analysis. Our analysis indicates that currently about two-thirds of the regions considered do not meet health air quality standards, whereas only 2–4 regions remain below the threshold. Calculated air quality exceedances show moderate deterioration by 2030 if current emissions legislation is followed and slight improvements if current emissions reduction technology is used optimally. For the "business as usual" scenario severe air quality problems are predicted. We show that model simulations of air quality indices are particularly sensitive to how well ozone is represented, and improved accuracy is needed for future projections. Additional measurements are needed to allow a more quantitative assessment of the risks to human health and vegetation from changing levels of surface ozone.

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Zhan, Long-Fei, Yanjun Wang, Hemin Sun, Jianqing Zhai, and Mingjin Zhan. "Study on the Change Characteristics of and Population Exposure to Heatwave Events on the North China Plain." Advances in Meteorology 2019 (August 18, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7069195.

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In accordance with the China Meteorological Administration definition, this study considered a weather process with a maximum surface temperature of ≥35°C for more than three consecutive days as a heatwave event. Based on a dataset of daily maximum temperatures from meteorological stations on the North China Plain, including ordinary and national basic/reference surface stations, the intensity-area-duration method was used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of heatwave events on the North China Plain (1961–2017). Moreover, based on demographic data from the Statistical Yearbook and Greenhouse Gas Initiative (GGI) Population Scenario Database of the Austrian Institute for International Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), population exposure to heatwave events was also studied. The results showed that the frequency, intensity, and area of impact of heatwave events on the North China Plain initially decreased (becoming weaker and less extensive) and then increased (becoming stronger and more extensive). Similarly, the trend of population exposure to heatwave events initially decreased and then increased, and the central position of exposure initially moved southward and then returned northward. Population exposure in the eastern Taihang Mountains was found significantly higher than in the western Taihang Mountains. In relation to the change of population exposure to heatwave events on the North China Plain, the influence of climatic factors was found dominant with an absolute contribution rate of >75%. Except for 2011–2017, increase in population also increased the exposure to heatwaves, particularly in the first half of the study period. Interaction between climatic and population factors generally had less impact on population exposure than either climatic factors or population factors alone. This study demonstrated a method for assessing the impact of heatwave events on population exposure, which could form a scientific basis for the development of government policy regarding adaption to climate change.

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von Hippel, Frank A. "Adaptive Speciation. Based on a meeting at the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria. Cambridge Studies in Adaptive Dynamics, Volume 3. Edited by Ulf Dieckmann, Michael Doebeli, Johan A J Metz, and , Diethard Tautz. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. $100.00. xiv + 460 p + 12 pl; ill.; index. ISBN: 0–521–82842–2. 2004." Quarterly Review of Biology 80, no. 3 (September 2005): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/497189.

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Gilli, P. V. "Global Energy Perspectives, N. Nakicenovic, A. Grübler, A. McDonald (Eds,), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria, in cooperation with World Energy Council (WEC), London, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK/New York/Melbourne, also available from WEC Central Office, London, 1998, xvii + 299 pages, £50, paperback £16.95, ISBN 0 521 64200 0, paperback: ISBN 0 521 64569 7." Energy 25, no. 1 (January 2000): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-5442(99)00047-x.

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Ciarelli, Giancarlo, Mark R. Theobald, Marta G. Vivanco, Matthias Beekmann, Wenche Aas, Camilla Andersson, Robert Bergström, et al. "Trends of inorganic and organic aerosols and precursor gases in Europe: insights from the EURODELTA multi-model experiment over the 1990–2010 period." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2019): 4923–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4923-2019.

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Abstract. In the framework of the EURODELTA-Trends (EDT) modeling experiment, several chemical transport models (CTMs) were applied for the 1990–2010 period to investigate air quality changes in Europe as well as the capability of the models to reproduce observed long-term air quality trends. Five CTMs have provided modeled air quality data for 21 continuous years in Europe using emission scenarios prepared by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis/Greenhouse Gas – Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (IIASA/GAINS) and corresponding year-by-year meteorology derived from ERA-Interim global reanalysis. For this study, long-term observations of particle sulfate (SO42-), total nitrate (TNO3), total ammonium (TNHx) as well as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for multiple sites in Europe were used to evaluate the model results. The trend analysis was performed for the full 21 years (referred to as PT) but also for two 11-year subperiods: 1990–2000 (referred to as P1) and 2000–2010 (referred to as P2). The experiment revealed that the models were able to reproduce the faster decline in observed SO2 concentrations during the first decade, i.e., 1990–2000, with a 64 %–76 % mean relative reduction in SO2 concentrations indicated by the EDT experiment (range of all the models) versus an 82 % mean relative reduction in observed concentrations. During the second decade (P2), the models estimated a mean relative reduction in SO2 concentrations of about 34 %–54 %, which was also in line with that observed (47 %). Comparisons of observed and modeled NO2 trends revealed a mean relative decrease of 25 % and between 19 % and 23 % (range of all the models) during the P1 period, and 12 % and between 22 % and 26 % (range of all the models) during the P2 period, respectively. Comparisons of observed and modeled trends in SO42- concentrations during the P1 period indicated that the models were able to reproduce the observed trends at most of the sites, with a 42 %–54 % mean relative reduction indicated by the EDT experiment (range of all models) versus a 57 % mean relative reduction in observed concentrations and with good performance also during the P2 and PT periods, even though all the models overpredicted the number of statistically significant decreasing trends during the P2 period. Moreover, especially during the P1 period, both modeled and observational data indicated smaller reductions in SO42- concentrations compared with their gas-phase precursor (i.e., SO2), which could be mainly attributed to increased oxidant levels and pH-dependent cloud chemistry. An analysis of the trends in TNO3 concentrations indicated a 28 %–39 % and 29 % mean relative reduction in TNO3 concentrations for the full period for model data (range of all the models) and observations, respectively. Further analysis of the trends in modeled HNO3 and particle nitrate (NO3-) concentrations revealed that the relative reduction in HNO3 was larger than that for NO3- during the P1 period, which was mainly attributed to an increased availability of “free ammonia”. By contrast, trends in modeled HNO3 and NO3- concentrations were more comparable during the P2 period. Also, trends of TNHx concentrations were, in general, underpredicted by all models, with worse performance for the P1 period than for P2. Trends in modeled anthropogenic and biogenic secondary organic aerosol (ASOA and BSOA) concentrations together with the trends in available emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) were also investigated. A strong decrease in ASOA was indicated by all the models, following the reduction in anthropogenic non-methane VOC (NMVOC) precursors. Biogenic emission data provided by the modeling teams indicated a few areas with statistically significant increase in isoprene emissions and monoterpene emissions during the 1990–2010 period over Fennoscandia and eastern European regions (i.e., around 14 %–27 %), which was mainly attributed to the increase of surface temperature. However, the modeled BSOA concentrations did not linearly follow the increase in biogenic emissions. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation against positive matrix factorization (PMF) data, available during the second period (P2) at various European sites, revealed a systematic underestimation of the modeled SOA fractions of a factor of 3 to 11, on average, most likely because of missing SOA precursors and formation pathways, with reduced biases for the models that accounted for chemical aging of semi-volatile SOA components in the atmosphere.

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Orlov, A. A., and A. L. Chechevishnikov. "Applied Analysis at MGIMO-University." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(38) (October 28, 2014): 56–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-56-78.

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Applied analysis of international relations began to form at MGIMO-University in the 1970s. This kind of research always attracted considerable interest of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, and other executive institutions of the government and received their support. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs initiated the creation of a special unit at MGIMO - the Problem Research Laboratory of Systems Analysis in International Relations. The Laboratory was using system analysis and quantitative methods to produce scientific information for decision-makers to make "more informed decisions in the field of international relations in order to reduce the level of uncertainty in the assessment of the expected impact of these decisions". In 2004, the successor to the Problem Laboratory - Center for International Studies - was transformed into a Research Coordination Council for International Studies, which in 2009 handed its functions to the Institute of International Studies. In comparison with previous periods the Institute of International Studies has significantly increased of research for the Ministry of International Affairs. It has also moved functionally outside its institutional boundaries and produces unclassified research for public offer. It also serves as a place for vivid public discussions among IR specialists. There's also an international recognition of the Institute of International Studies. The "Go to think tanks" international ranking produced annually at the University of Pennsylvania has put MGIMO-University on the 10th place in the category of university based think tanks.

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Tarasyev, A., and B. Zhu. "Optimal Proportions in Growth Trends of Resource Productivity* *The research is supported by the Russian Fund of Basic Research (Grants 11-01-0042-a, 11-01-12088-ofi-m-2011, 11-01-12112-ofi-m-2011), by the Program for the Sponsorship of Leading Scientific Schools (Grant NSCH-64508.2010.1), by the Program of the Presidium of RAS “Dynamic Systems and Control Theory”, by the Program of the Presidium of RAS No. 38π (Project 12-π-1-1038), by the Project of the Ural Branch of RAS “Socio-Economic Development of Regions: Forecasting and Optimal Control” (Grant 12-π-7-1001), and the International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA) within the NSFC-IIASA Collaboration Project “Optimization of Resource Productivity for Sustainable Economic Development”." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 25 (2012): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120913-4-it-4027.00021.

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Litwin, Dariusz, Jacek Galas, Marek Daszkiewicz, Tadeusz Kryszczyński, Adam Czyżewski, and Kamil Radziak. "Dedicated optical systems of the Institute of Applied Optics." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.898.

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The paper presents a collection of selected optical systems recently developed in the Institute of Applied Optics-INOS. The collection includes the family of techniques where the continuously modified wavelength facilitates high accuracy measurements of optical and geometrical features of the object in question i.e. the variable wavelength interferometry and confocal chromatic sensors. In addition, the paper refers to the construction of a new type of a spectrometer with rotating plasma and an illumination system supporting the road safety. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Pluta, Advanced Light Microscopy (Vol. 3, PWN, Elsevier, Warszawa-Amsterdam-London-New York-Tokyo, 1993). DirectLink M. Pluta, "Object-adapted variable-wavelength interferometry. I. Theoretical basis", Journal of Opt. Soc. Am., A4(11), 2107 (1987). CrossRef M. Pluta, "Variable wavelength microinterferometry of textile fibres", J. Microscopy, 149(2), 97 (1988). CrossRef M. Pluta, "On double‐refracting microinterferometers which suffer from a variable interfringe spacing across the image plane", Journal of Microscopy, 145(2), 191 (1987). CrossRef K. A. El-Farahaty, A. M. Sadik, A. M. Hezma, "Study of Optical and Structure Properties of Polyester (PET) and Copolyester (PETG) Fibers by Interferometry", International Journal of Polymeric Materials 56(7),715 (2007). CrossRef J. Galas, D. Litwin, M. Daszkiewicz, "New approach for identifying the zero-order fringe in variable wavelength interferometry", Proc. SPIE 10142, 101421R (2016). CrossRef A. Sadik, W. A. Ramadan, D. Litwin, "Variable incidence angle method combined with Pluta polarizing interference microscope for refractive index and thickness measurement of single-medium fibres", Measurement Science and Technology, IOP Publishing 14(10), 1753 (2003). CrossRef J. Galas, S. Sitarek; D. Litwin; M. Daszkiewicz, "Fringe image analysis for variable wavelength interferometry", Proc. SPIE 10445, 1044504 (2017). CrossRef D. Litwin, A. M. Sadik, "Computer-aided variable wavelength Fourier transform polarizing microscopy of birefringent fibers.", Optica Applicata 28(2), 139 (1998). DirectLink D. Litwin, J. Galas, N. Błocki, "Automated variable wavelength interferometry in reflected light mode", Proc.SPIE 6188, 61880F (2006). CrossRef M. Pluta, "Variable wavelength interferometry of birefringent retarders", Opt. Laser Technology, 19(3), 131 (1987). CrossRef K. Fladischer et al. "An ellipsoidal mirror for focusing neutral atomic and molecular beams", New journal of Physics, 12(3) 033018 (2010). CrossRef K. Fladischer et al. "An optical profilometer for characterizing complex surfaces under high vacuum conditions", Precision engineering Elsevier 32(3), 182 (2008). CrossRef A.E. Weeks et al. "Accurate surface profilometry of ultrathin wafers", Semiconductor Science and Technology", IOP Publishing, 22(9), 997 (2007). CrossRef D. Litwin et al. "Overview of the measuring systems where a continuously altered light source plays a key role: Part I", Proc. SPIE 10808, 10 8080B (2018). CrossRef D. Litwin et al. "Noise reduction in an optical emission spectrometer with rotating diffraction grating", Proc. SPIE 10142 101421Q (2016). CrossRef D. Litwin et al. "Photonics approach to traffic signs", Proc SPIE 10142 1014214, (2016). CrossRef

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Zagorodny, A. G., Yu M. Yermoliev, V. L. Bogdanov, and Yu V. Kostyuchenko. "State and Prospects of Cooperation of the NAS of Ukraine with the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis." Visnik Nacional'noi' akademii' nauk Ukrai'ni, no. 10 (October 25, 2013): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/visn2013.10.028.

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Goyal, Dinesh. "Special Issue on : Mathematical Modelling for Intelligent Systems and Its Real-Time Applications." Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics 26, no. 3 (2023): i—vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.47974/jim-26-3-foreword.

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The 4th International Conference on Information Management & Machine Intelligence was held at Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur on 23-24 December 2022. We are pleased to present this special issue on “Mathematical Modelling for Intelligent and Smart Systems” (containing the papers presented at the conference), which aspires to showcase the research and advancements in the development of mathematical modelling techniques in various domains. Mathematical modelling has become an essential activity in the study of simulating physical phenomena through computational processes, enabling us to predict the behaviour of artifacts within their environments. In recent years, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged as powerful tools in data science and decision-making processes. Mathematical approaches, such as ML, have proven instrumental in developing concise decision models, producing quick approximations, and forecasting changing phenomena based on known samples. The integration of mathematical modelling and machine learning has significantly improved machine intelligence and its applicability in diverse domains.

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Bernatavičienė, Jolita. "14th Conference on DATA ANALYSIS METHODS for Software Systems." Vilnius University Proceedings 39 (November 22, 2023): 1–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/damss.14.2023.

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DAMSS-2023 is the 14th International Conference on Data Analysis Methods for Software Systems, held in Druskininkai, Lithuania. Every year at the same venue and time. The exception was in 2020, when the world was gripped by the Covid-19 pandemic and the movement of people was severely restricted. After a year’s break, the conference was back on track, and the next conference was successful in achieving its primary goal of lively scientific communication. The conference focuses on live interaction among participants. For better efficiency of communication among participants, most of the presentations are poster presentations. This format has proven to be highly effective. However, we have several oral sections, too. The history of the conference dates back to 2009 when 16 papers were presented. It began as a workshop and has evolved into a well-known conference. The idea of such a workshop originated at the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, now the Institute of Data Science and Digital Technologies of Vilnius University. The Lithuanian Academy of Sciences and the Lithuanian Computer Society supported this idea, which gained enthusiastic acceptance from both the Lithuanian and international scientific communities. This year’s conference features 84 presentations, with 137 registered participants from 11 countries. The conference serves as a gathering point for researchers from six Lithuanian universities, making it the main annual meeting for Lithuanian computer scientists. The primary aim of the conference is to showcase research conducted at Lithuanian and foreign universities in the fields of data science and software engineering. The annual organization of the conference facilitates the rapid exchange of new ideas within the scientific community. Seven IT companies supported the conference this year, indicating the relevance of the conference topics to the business sector. In addition, the conference is supported by the Lithuanian Research Council and the National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan, R. O. C.). The conference covers a wide range of topics, including Applied Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Bioinformatics, Blockchain Technologies, Business Rules, Software Engineering, Cybersecurity, Data Science, Deep Learning, High-Performance Computing, Data Visualization, Machine Learning, Medical Informatics, Modelling Educational Data, Ontological Engineering, Optimization, Quantum Computing, Signal Processing. This book provides an overview of all presentations from the DAMSS-2023 conference.

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Downing, Thomas E. "Book reviews : Döös, B.R. 1991: Environmental issues requiring international action. Laxenburg, Austria: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. $10.00 cloth. ISBN: 3 7045 0110 7." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 17, no. 3 (September 1993): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339301700310.

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Grübler, Arnulf, Michael Jefferson, and Nebojša Nakićenović. "Global energy perspectives: A summary of the joint study by the international institute for applied systems analysis and world energy council." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 51, no. 3 (March 1996): 237–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1625(95)00251-0.

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Sorokina, D. D., A. V. Ptichnikov, and A. A. Romanovskaya. "Comparative Analysis and Assessment of Methodologies Applied in the Russian Federation for Calculating Greenhouse Gas Absorption by Forest Ecosystems." Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Seriya Geograficheskaya 87, no. 4 (July 1, 2023): 497–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2587556623040131.

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The assessment of the forest carbon balance is of great importance for the building of the climate policy of the Russian Federation at both national and international levels. At the same time, the results of such assessments conducted by different scientific groups vary depending on the approaches and methodologies used. This study considers the key systems for assessing the carbon balance of forest ecosystems in the Russian Federation: Integrated Land Information System, IZIS (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria), The Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector, CBM-CFS (Canada), Regional Forest Carbon Budget Assessment, ROBUL (Russia), the methodology of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Mechanization of Forestry (Russia). The methodologies are compared with respect to their compliance with the IPCC requirements. The study identifies the individual characteristics of the methodologies and their application, and proposes recommendations for improving the accuracy of carbon balance estimates. The main key differences between the estimates of different scientific groups, include: compliance with the recommendations of IPCC; selection between the methods of “gain−loss” and “stock−difference”; approach to the identification of managed forests; calculation method of forest fire emissions; sources of initial data, and their reliability. The study notes the importance of scientific discussion and the necessity of compliance of the methodologies with international standards, emphasizes the problem of outdated initial data and underestimation of forest fire emissions, regardless of the chosen methodology. In general, the currently used methodology satisfactorily estimates forest carbon balance. It is recommended to improve the estimates based on remote sensing data and the second cycle of the State Forest Inventory (SFI). The implementation of the Strategy of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation with low greenhouse gas emissions until 2050 should be provided not only by changes in the method of calculating the carbon balance, but rather through real forest protection measures. Any significant adjustment to the methodology must be accompanied by an adjustment to national climate goals.

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Tarasyev, Alexander, and Anastasya Usova. "Global stabilization of the Hamiltonian system in the two-sector economic growth model* *The research is supported by the Russian Fund of Basic Research (Grants 11-01-0042-a, 11-01-12088-ofi-m-2011, 11-01-12112-ofi-m-2011), by the Program for the Sponsorship of Leading Scientific Schools (Grant NSCH-64508.2010.1), by the Program of the Presidium of RAS “Dynamic Systems and Control Theory”, by the Program of the Presidium of RAS no. 38π, (Project 12-π-1-1038), by the Project of the Ural Branch of RAS “Socio-Economic Development of Regions: Forecasting and Optimal Control” (Grant 12-π-7-1001), and the International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA)." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 25 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120913-4-it-4027.00057.

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Rigger, Romana, Alexander Rück, Christine Hellriegel, Robert Sauermoser, Fabienne Morf, Kathrin Breitruck, and Markus Obkircher. "Certified Reference Material for Use in 1H, 31P, and 19F Quantitative NMR, Ensuring Traceability to the International System of Units." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 100, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 1365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0093.

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Abstract In recent years, quantitative NMR (qNMR) spectroscopy has become one of the most important tools for content determination of organic substances and quantitative evaluation of impurities. Using Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) as internal or external standards, the extensively used qNMR method can be applied for purity determination, including unbroken traceability to the International System of Units (SI). The implementation of qNMR toward new application fields, e.g., metabolomics, environmental analysis, and physiological pathway studies, brings along morecomplex molecules and systems, thus making use of 1H qNMR challenging. A smart workaround is possible by the use of other NMR active nuclei, namely 31P and 19F. This article presents the development of three classes of qNMR CRMs based on different NMR active nuclei (1H, 31P, and 19F), and the corresponding approaches to establish traceability to the SI through primary CRMs from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the National Metrology Institute of Japan. These TraceCERT® qNMR CRMs are produced under ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO Guide 34 using high-performance qNMR.

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Brouwer, Floor. "Workshop on Land Use Changes in Europe: Processes of Change, Environmental Transformations and Future Patterns, organized by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in cooperation with the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization." Land Use Policy 6, no. 2 (April 1989): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(89)90043-4.

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Mikhailov, G. A., S. I. Kabanikhin, Yu M. Laevsky, V. V. Penenko, B. M. Glinsky, Y. A. Zagorulko, M. A. Shishlenin, N. L. Podkolodnyy, and A. V. Penenko. "International Conference «Marchuk Scientific Readings 2021» (MSR-2021)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2099, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2099/1/011001.

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Abstract Preface These Conference Proceedings contain the selected papers of the International Conference «Marchuk Scientific Readings 2021» (MSR-2021) held on October 4 - 8, 2021, in Akademgorodok, Novosibirsk, Russia. The purpose of the «Marchuk Scientific Readings» conference series is to gather specialists in numerical analysis, applied mathematics, mathematical modeling, computational technologies, information systems, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to discuss, identify and systematize current results, applications, and promising directions in computational mathematics and computer science. Due to the risk of spreading coronavirus infection, the meeting took place virtually. The organizers were located in the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russia). Morning sessions were devoted to the conference sections’ invited oral (20 minutes) and oral (15 minutes) presentations. The Plenary talks (30 minutes) were delivered on the afternoon sessions. Within the timeframe of a talk, there was a possibility to ask and answer several questions from the audience. Technologically, the meeting was carried out on the Zoom platform. Plenary talks were broadcast on youtube.com. This conference was the second one carried out with the help of the Zoom platform, and most of the technical issues were already solved in the previous year. In pandemic conditions, the virtual conference seems to be the most appropriate format to share the research results without exposing the community to the risk of infection. List of Program committee is available in this pdf.

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Enakrire, Rexwhite Tega. "Publishing Patterns of Health Informatics in Africa: A Bibliometric Analysis." Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management 18, no. 3 (April 23, 2021): 356–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ejkm.18.3.2121.

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This study investigates the publishing patterns of health informatics (HIs) in Africa, with a view to analyse the bibliometric growth. The application of HIs has played an important role in the advancements in medical practice and scholars/academics’ teaching and learning at higher education institutions. The aim of analysing the volume of publications of HIs was to establish the research impact, visibility and output of academics, in order to promote scholarly communication and knowledge sharing, and contribute to existing knowledge in this field of study. Interpretive document analysis was applied to literature extracted from the Scopus database for the period between 1987 to 2018. The keywords entered for search engine optimisation were “Health Informatics” and “Africa”. The duration of the study - from when data was harvested, collated and analysis to when the data was presented in tables and then discussed - was three weeks. The results obtained revealed that there were 2332 papers published within this period. The publications were communicated through different avenues, including articles, conference papers, review and others. Publications on medicine was at the top of the list of subject areas recorded. The top journal, where papers in HIs were published, is Plos One. South Africa was among the top countries that published research on HIs. In relation to institution affiliation, University of Cape Town was identified as the higher education institution that produced the highest number of publications, with 128 publications. In terms of funding bodies that supported research, thus leading to publication of papers in HIs, it was found that the National Institute of Health, South African Medical Council, United States Agency for International Development, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Research Foundation played crucial roles.

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Vráblová, M., G. Bonetti, G. Henehan, R. E. Brown, P. Sykora, R. S. Marks, S. Miertus, et al. "Promoting International Scientific Cooperation: the Role of Scientific Societies." EuroBiotech Journal 8, no. 3 (July 1, 2024): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2024-0011.

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Abstract Scientific collaboration yields many advantages, especially in fields that require interdisciplinary approaches, as it fosters the sharing of knowledge and resources and is essential for the implementation of complex projects. The concept of scientific internationalism emerged around the 1900s, emphasizing that science surpasses national boundaries and promotes global peace and collaboration. International scientific cooperation is halted by geopolitical tensions and conflicts, such as World War II and the Cold War. Nevertheless, many examples show that scientific collaboration can surpass conflicts and bring scientific and society development, such as in the cases of the Tick-borne Encephalitis vaccine, the Apollo-Soyuz test project and more recently the international endeavour for COVID-19 vaccine development. In this contest, UN and WHO have an imporant role to promote peace and scientific cooperation, examplified by the 16th Sustainable Development Goal, to “Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies”. This review aims to assess the available literature regarding international scientific collaboration and the role of scientific societies in promoting scientific cooperation. Scientific societies have proved to be pivotal in bridging cultures and promoting international cooperation. Apart from the historical example of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, which showed an important cooperation between Western and Eastern countries during the Cold War, the scientific society European Biotechnology thematic network Association (EBTNA) has international scientific cooperation as one of its critical goals. Scientific societies such as EBTNA will be pivotal in promoting international scientific cooperation and fostering international activities and scientific research.

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Bache, B. W. "Impact models to assess regional acidification, edited by J. Kamari, international institute for applied systems analysis/Kluwer academic publishers, 1990. No. of pages: 310. ISBN 0-7923-0710-0." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 16, no. 4 (June 1991): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290160411.

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Turpal, Khasanov. "Synthetic biology as a breakthrough direction in the creation of biological systems." BIO Web of Conferences 76 (2023): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237607002.

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Synthetic biology as a scientific direction appeared at the beginning of the 21st century on the basis of the accumulated scientific and technological base and discoveries in the fields of systems biology, biotechnology, molecular biology, bioengineering and genetic engineering. The formation of synthetic biology as a separate area fell on the period of 2000–2010, when the first discoveries were made related to the standardization of DNA parts, combinatorial synthesis of the genetic network, synthetic schemes that promote the penetration of bacteria into tumor cells, etc., and the first scientific - research centers and teams (Craig Venter Institute and the Center for Synthetic Biology and Innovation at Imperial College London), the first international conference on synthetic biology Synthetic Biology 1.0 was held. Since 2010, there has been an intensive development of this direction, as well as an increase in the number of developments with applied applications (creation of the first synthetic cell, artemisinin synthesis, the first computer-generated genome, etc.). One of the main factors in the development of synthetic biology has been the expansion of data analysis and modeling capabilities, the active digitalization of research and the development of interdisciplinary areas, such as bioinformatics. Today, the areas of application of synthetic biology are actively expanding (medicine, pharmaceuticals, food industry, agriculture, cosmetics, textile industry, energy, etc.), which leads to an increase in its role in ensuring economic growth.

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Yershova, Liudmyla, and Lyudmila Bazyl. "ACTIVITIES OF THE INSTITUTE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF NAES OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN CHALLENGES." Professional Pedagogics 2, no. 23 (December 20, 2021): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32835/2707-3092.2021.23.125-143.

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The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to promote the results of scientific, educational, information-analytical, advisory activities of the unified scientific institution in Ukraine that provides scientific and methodological support to domestic vocational and professional pre-higher education, which is in a state of reform. Purpose: to characterize the current challenges and risks for the system of professional and vocational pre-higher education, highlight the main results of the Institute of Vocational Education and Training of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine (hereinafter: institute of VET of NAES of Ukraine) in 2021 and prospects for its further development. Methods: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization); empirical (study of legislative and regulatory documents in the field of vocational and professional prehigher education, analysis of the results of structural units of the institute of VET of NAES of Ukraine and materials published on its official website and the website of the professional journal "Professional Pedagogy"). Results: The Institute of Vocational Education and Training of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine is presented as a single scientific platform that provides scientific and methodological support for the modernization of modern vocational and professional prehigher education; conducts research on issues relevant to vocational and professional higher education; develops and implements pedagogical innovations in educational institutions (concepts, methodological systems, methods, technologies, etc.); carries out innovative educational activities of different levels; prepares highly qualified personnel for vocational, professional pre-higher and higher education in the specialties 011 Education. Pedagogy and 015 Vocational education (by specializations); is engaged in publishing, information-analytical and expert activities; actively develops international scientific relations, participates in international scientific and educational projects; systematically implements the principles of predictability, academic freedom, integrity, student-centeredness. The main challenges and risks in the activities of the scientific institution are described, its current tasks and ways to solve them are identified. Conclusions: the main challenges to the system of vocational education are described (strengthening of world integration processes, rapid development of digitalization, nationalization, greening, internationalization of professional training of future specialists in developed countries); the risks caused by them are analyzed (centralized and bureaucratized management system in the field of scientific and technical activities; insufficient funding for socio-humanitarian research; low wages of research and teaching staff; reduced prestige of vocational education; underdevelopment of dual education). Based on the analysis of the institute of VET of NAES of Ukraine in 2021 promising areas for further development of scientific institutions are identified (basic and applied research, strengthening the principles of academic integrity; improving educational programs for Masters and Doctors of Philosophy; introduction of modular programs of professional development of pedagogical workers of institutions of vocational and professional pre-higher education); development of corporate culture of the institute and its international activities); the main tasks of the scientific institution are outlined (ensuring the quality of vocational and professional higher education; promoting the development of public-private partnership; improving the system of training teachers in the field of vocational education and training, etc.).

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Kolomensky, K. Yu, A. Yu Demidova, and A. S. Kazarinov. "From DVB-S to DVB-S2X: Progress in Standardization of Digital Satellite Broadcasting Systems." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 27, no. 2 (May 2, 2024): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2024-27-2-68-78.

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Introduction. The article presents a brief history of the European and international standardization process in the field of digital video broadcasting (DVB) systems as applied to satellite broadcasting. The advantages of new systems are considered. The results of a comparative analysis of their main characteristics in relation to previous versions are given.Aim. To study the current progress in the standardization of digital satellite broadcasting systems, to analyze their new features and capabilities, to compare their main characteristics, and to distinguish the advantages of new systems in relation to previous versions.Materials and methods. Documents of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and the International Telecommunication Union related to the standardization of satellite broadcasting systems from DVB-S to DVB-S2X were studied. A comparative analysis of the main functions and characteristics of the systems under consideration was carried out.Results. New functions and features introduced in the DVB-S2 system were analyzed, including the Time-Slicing (Annex M) option, which allows receivers to select and decode a specific stream carrying one or more services of interest without wasting resources on processing other streams. New DVB-S2X system options were considered, including the SuperFraming Structure (Annex E) option, which ensures increased immunity to co-channel interference from neighboring beam signals, as well as support for future developments related to beam hopping. The advantages of channel aggregation in DVB-S2X were illustrated, which allows the capacity of two or three transponders to be shared in order to increase the statistical multiplexing ratio in the case of UHDTV programs.Conclusion. The standardization of digital satellite broadcasting systems provides an opportunity for equipment developers and manufacturers to use the latest technologies and methods, while relying on internationally recognized standards. This allows, on the one hand, the equipment of digital satellite broadcasting systems and the consumer quality of the services provided to be constantly improved, and, on the other hand, the cost of chips and equipment produced to be optimized.

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Sibgatullina-Denis, Irene, Oscar R. Riabov, Elena E. Merzon, and Alica Vančová. "Descriptive Analysis of Benchmarking in Respect to SMART/UNI-Q Systems’ Intellectual Integrations within the European Higher Education Area." Integration of Education 24, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 532–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.101.024.202004.532-551.

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Introduction. The strategy for the development of international education ERASMUS 20.30 stimulates the study of how intellectual integration programmes are introduced into the system of further education of universities around the world. The research is relevant, for studying the integration of intellectual potential in a single space of higher and further education EHEA allows to determine the efficacy of application of world benchmarking technologies in the management of SMART/UNI-Q systems and the convergence of world universities. The EU Education Department conditioned the significance of the research content by the target request to investigate the change in the benchmarking mission at the international education market and to make a thorough informational review of its application in the international activities of universities in the EU, CIS and the Russian Federation for the dissemination of information by international partner universities of ERASMUS central office. The study aims at identifying general and specific indicators of sustainable international partnerships that affect consumer demand at the international education and labour markets by means of concretization of an extensive descriptive analysis of the intellectual integration benchmarking and the description of the processes of benchmarking technology application, its scientific identification and implementation in individual universities, university alliances and consortia. Researchers were looking for an answer to the question: why, with high interest and theoretical recognition of technology benchmarking in quality management, universities show low rates of benchmarking in assessing the quality of their international activities. Materials and Methods. It is the first time that the research of benchmarking intellectual integrations in the university international activities uses the method of descriptive analysis. The study identifies active sectors of the SMART / UNI-Q benchmarking for the entire set of data voluntarily submitted by the universities participating in the projects of the Austrian Institute for Intellectual Integrations in the pre-pandemic period of 2017-2020. The participating countries have analyzed the share of key participants and the share of published benchmarking studies. The study analyzes the changes in the benchmarking mission in the international education market in accordance with the needs of global consumers. The analysis uses the data of the bases of the EU Department of Education, the ETINED platform and open-access European dissertation reviews portals. The research uses the WERGELAND European Resource Center data as the comparison point indicators. The study presents an analysis of five segments of international benchmarking: transparency, diversity, “product line”, digital activity, and digital management tools. Modus infographics shows the real, improved and ideal models. The applied comparative analysis studies the asynchrony of academic mobility during the COVID crisis. Results. The research findings show low value of efficiency indicators for the use of intellectual integration benchmarking in the international cooperation of university alliances. The predominance and stable efficiency in the use of benchmarking takes place at certain universities in Europe during periods of activity in implementing new strategies of international education and only for a short time most often during the periods of university accreditation. The model for overcoming sustainable development asynchronies in the management of SMART/UNI-Q systems according to the criterion of guaranteeing the quality of higher education in international cooperation EHEA is not final and today it is possible to characterize it through descriptive indicators. Amid the economic crisis and turbulence associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a decline in large-scale academic mobility is an inevitable trend. However, due to the growing difference in the responses of economies and management in the field of higher vocational education between developed and less developed countries, as well as with the strengthening of general trends in economic integration, the number of academic migrants is likely to increase. Asynchrony, that is, unevenness, of opportunities and adaptation to the new digital environment of university consortia and the possibility to implement the opportunities in practice has become a psychological problem of scientific migration. Discussion and Conclusion. The materials of this article will be useful to CEO-s of international universities, heads of departments of international activities, employees of ERASMUS national offices, coordinators of ERASMUS+ projects, departments of continuing professional education and academic mobility in the development of promising strategies for external and internal benchmarking of inter-university projects of intellectual integration and international activity quality management.

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Olendrzyński, Krzysztof, Stefan Anderberg, William Stigliani, Jerzy Bartnicki, and Józef Pacyna. "Atmospheric emissions and depositions of cadmium, lead, and zinc in Europe during the period 1955–1987." Environmental Reviews 4, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 300–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a96-016.

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This paper presents a preliminary estimate of atmospheric emissions of cadmium, lead, and zinc in Europe during the period 1955–1987. The emission data were used as input to the atmospheric transport model TRACE (trace toxic air concentrations in Europe) of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, to compute cumulative deposition loads of heavy metals onto European soils during the investigated time period. The maxima of cumulative depositions computed with the TRACE model over the entire period were approximately 60 mg/m2 for cadmium, 1450 mg/m2 for lead, and 2600 mg/m2 in the case of zinc. The results presented should be considered first-order approximations. Major uncertainties embedded in such calculations are discussed. Heavy metals enter the soils from atmospheric load and with the application of fertilizers and sewage sludge. Once in the soil the metals can be mobilized, leading to plant and groundwater contamination. This threat is particularly valid for heavily polluted regions in Central Europe. The results of this study can be applied in assessing environmental and health effects of heavy metals and, therefore, are important for scientists as well as policy makers.Key words: trace elements, heavy metals, historical emission, cumulative deposition.

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Callander, Bruce. "Climate change and world agriculture. By Martin Parry. Earthscan Publications Limited, London, in association with the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and the United Nations Environment Programme. Pp. 157. £9.95." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 117, no. 499 (April 1991): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711749915.

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Kryukov, Valery A., Alexandr O. Baranov, Victor N. Pavlov, Victor I. Suslov, and Nikita I. Suslov. "Problems in Developing a Comprehensive Toolkit for Macro-economic, Inter-regional, Inter-sectoral Analysis and Forecasting." Economy of Region 16, no. 4 (December 2020): 1072–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-5.

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The study reviews approaches to macro-economic and macro-territorial modelling presented in international and Russian economic publications. We focus on opportunities to improve forecasting the development of economic system in Russia at the macro-economic, inter-sectoral and inter-regional levels. We described dynamic macro-economic, inter-sectoral and inter- regional models developed in the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IEIE SB RAS). We analyse more in details three complex models proposed in IEIE SB RAS: CAISI (comprehensive analysis of inter-sectoral information), SRNES (synthesis of regional and national economic systems) and CSNES (coordination of sectoral and national economic solutions). We consider theoretical foundations of the complex models and their application in analysing and forecasting economic system development at various levels. The three complex models are based on different basic models that influence their development. IEIE SB RAS has been developing a two-level system of forecasting models, which combines advantages of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models and dynamic input-output models applied in the CAISI system. The paper describes theoretical foundations of the SRNES system, whose latest versions are premised on the general equilibrium and cooperative games theories. Then, we characterised the most developed elements of the complex model CSNES, which has the CSNES-TEK subsystem used in forecasting developments in the fuel and energy industry of Russia’s territories and SIBARP (balance calculation system for the future). The conclusion outlines directions for further research on improving the methods of macro-economic, inter-regional, and inter-sectoral forecasting based on harmonisation of analytical and forecast calculations performed using the CAISI, SRNES and CSNES systems. The results of forecast calculations using the two-level system of macro-level models can be applied in the complex models SRNES and CSNES to ensure coordination between the forecasts of socio-economic development of the Asian part of Russia and projected dynamics of macro-indicators.

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Kryukov, Valery A., Alexandr O. Baranov, Victor N. Pavlov, Victor I. Suslov, and Nikita I. Suslov. "Problems in Developing a Comprehensive Toolkit for Macro-economic, Inter-regional, Inter-sectoral Analysis and Forecasting." Economy of Region 16, no. 4 (December 2020): 1072–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-5.

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The study reviews approaches to macro-economic and macro-territorial modelling presented in international and Russian economic publications. We focus on opportunities to improve forecasting the development of economic system in Russia at the macro-economic, inter-sectoral and inter-regional levels. We described dynamic macro-economic, inter-sectoral and inter- regional models developed in the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IEIE SB RAS). We analyse more in details three complex models proposed in IEIE SB RAS: CAISI (comprehensive analysis of inter-sectoral information), SRNES (synthesis of regional and national economic systems) and CSNES (coordination of sectoral and national economic solutions). We consider theoretical foundations of the complex models and their application in analysing and forecasting economic system development at various levels. The three complex models are based on different basic models that influence their development. IEIE SB RAS has been developing a two-level system of forecasting models, which combines advantages of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models and dynamic input-output models applied in the CAISI system. The paper describes theoretical foundations of the SRNES system, whose latest versions are premised on the general equilibrium and cooperative games theories. Then, we characterised the most developed elements of the complex model CSNES, which has the CSNES-TEK subsystem used in forecasting developments in the fuel and energy industry of Russia’s territories and SIBARP (balance calculation system for the future). The conclusion outlines directions for further research on improving the methods of macro-economic, inter-regional, and inter-sectoral forecasting based on harmonisation of analytical and forecast calculations performed using the CAISI, SRNES and CSNES systems. The results of forecast calculations using the two-level system of macro-level models can be applied in the complex models SRNES and CSNES to ensure coordination between the forecasts of socio-economic development of the Asian part of Russia and projected dynamics of macro-indicators.

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Yasa, E., B. Yasa, OS Aglarci, and ET Ertas. "Evaluation of the Radiopacities of Bulk-fill RestorativesUsing Two Digital Radiography Systems." Operative Dentistry 40, no. 5 (September 1, 2015): E197—E205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/14-074-l.

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SUMMARY This study investigated the radiopacity values of bulk-fill restoratives by using two digital radiography systems. Nine bulk-fill restoratives and a conventional composite were used in the study. Six disc-shaped specimens were prepared from each of these materials, three each at thicknesses of 1 mm and 2 mm, and tooth slices with these same thicknesses were obtained. As a control, an aluminum step wedge varying in thickness from 0.5 to 10 mm in was used. Three specimens of each of the materials, together with the tooth slice and the aluminum step wedge, were placed over a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor and a storage photostimulable phosphor (PPS) plate system and exposed using a dental x-ray unit. The images were analyzed using a software program to measure the mean gray values (MGVs). Five measurements were obtained from each of the restorative materials, the enamel, the dentin, and the stepwedge. The MGVs were converted to the equivalent aluminum thicknesses. Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance of the differences among the groups. A Tukey test was applied for pairwise comparisons (p<0.05). All composite-based restoratives were found to have greater radiopacities than enamel or dentin. Equia Fil had the lowest radiopacity value. Radiopacity increased as the thicknesses of the restorative material increased. The CMOS system showed significantly higher radiopacity values than the PSP system. In conclusion, all investigated bulk-fill restoratives passed the International Organization for Standardization and American National Standard Institute/American Dental Association requirements for radiopacity values when evaluated with the two digital radiography systems.

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Vistal, Jogie, and Erik Louwe Sala. "A USER ACCEPTANCE FRAMEWORK FOR THE ONLINE TEACHING EFFICIENCY RATING SYSTEM OF MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY-ILIGAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY." International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research And Studies 05, no. 02 (March 5, 2022): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33826/ijmras/v05i02.2.

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The researchers in the field of Information Technology and Information systems are of interest in understanding the factors in user acceptance of new technology. Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) is one of the prominent models used in determining the factors of the user acceptance of technology. In this research, the four constructs of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was used namely: Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI), and Facilitating Conditions (FC), and associating the user satisfaction to the four constructs of the UTAUT. The survey was used for this inquiry. For data analysis Cronbachs’s Alpha was used to check the reliability of the instrument, weighted mean was applied to determine the level of the user satisfaction, Correlation Coefficient technique was utilized to predict UTAUT factors and Somer’s delta was used to determine the strength of PE, EE, SI and FC to S. The outcome of this research is the user acceptance framework for the Online Teacher Efficiency Rating of Mindanao State University- Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Iligan City, Philippines. The computed t-test and its associated p–values presented suggest that the independent variables such as PE, EE, and FC are statistically significant. Hence, the three constructs affect user satisfaction.

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Freeman, Gary P. "Heinz Fassmann and Rainer Munz, eds. European Migration in the Late Twentieth Century: Historical Patterns, Actual Trends, and Social Implications. Aldershot: Edward Elgar and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 1994, pp. 287. £45." Journal of Public Policy 15, no. 3 (September 1995): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00010084.

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Kelly, P. M. "Assessing the impact of climatic change in cold regions, M. L. Parry and T. R. Carter (eds), Summary Report SR-84-1, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria. 42 pp., figures, bibliography." Journal of Climatology 5, no. 3 (May 1985): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370050312.

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Journal articles on the topic 'International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)'

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