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Journal articles on the topic 'International legal measures against information warfare'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kuzina, S. I., and I. G. Sagiryan. "The Status and Role of Foreign Agents in the Information Warfare Unleashed by the West against Russia: Political and Legal Aspects." Legal Order and Legal Values 3, no. 2 (2025): 33–42. https://doi.org/10.23947/2949-1843-2025-3-2-33-42.

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Introduction. Studying the role and influence of the foreign agents on public consciousness and political processes in Russia in the context of information warfare is relevant due to the negative consequences their activity has on the society during the special military operation in conditions of the unprecedented sanctions pressure of the collective West. Disinformation, destructive propaganda, manipulation of consciousness, influence on the psyche, digital technologies used by the foreign agents urge the country's authorities to undertake legal measures to counteract their activity. Therefor

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Nagasako, Tomoko. "Global disinformation campaigns and legal challenges." International Cybersecurity Law Review 1, no. 1-2 (2020): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s43439-020-00010-7.

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Abstract Recently, some countries have deployed global cyberattacks that not only impose destructive measures on the systems of industries or infrastructures, but also as a type of information warfare, including social networking service (SNS) and other media that affects election results or democratic processes, thereby becoming a threat to democracy. Thus, this kind of operation is recognized as “disinformation.” This paper demonstrates cases of disinformation in cyberspace and focuses on legal problems in international laws and countermeasures taken by legal systems in individual countries.

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Komissarova, Natalia, and Serhii Slyvkin. "THREATS TO STATE SECURITY RESULTING FROM THE ACTIVITIES OF SUBVERSION AND INTELLIGENCE GROUPS: LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS." Науковий вісник Київського інституту Національної гвардії України, no. 1 (June 30, 2025): 143–50. https://doi.org/10.59226/2786-6920.1.2025.143-150.

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This publication analyzes the threats to Ukraine’s national security posed by the activities of sabotage and reconnaissance groups (SRGs) in the context of modern hybrid warfare. It highlights the main areas of destructive impact caused by SRGs – physical, informational, social, and economic. The study substantiates that the current Ukrainian legal framework contains significant gaps in countering SRGs, which undermines the state’s capacity for timely and effective response. Key issues in the coordination between the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, and the National Gu

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Horulko, Vladyslav. "THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LEGAL REGULATION IN ENSURING CYBER SECURITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR: EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Law", no. 37 (May 28, 2024): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2075-1834-2024-37-17.

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Introduction. In the vast majority of countries, there is a constant trend towards a significant increase in the number and expansion of the spectrum of cyber-attacks with the aim of violating the confidentiality, integrity and availability of state information resources, in particular those distributed on the Internet and objects of critical information infrastructure. Summary of main results. The large-scale deployment of a hybrid war against our state seriously affects all aspects of social life. To a large extent, the strategic success of countering the challenges of hybrid warfare depends

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Sopilko, I. M. "Comprehending the hybrid war against Ukraine: the legal aspect." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE LEGAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE STATE, no. 13 (October 1, 2022): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2022-13-24.

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The article is devoted to the study of the concept of “hybrid war” taking into account the latest research in legal science. On February 24, 2022, the Russian Federation began active hostilities against our state, but the real hybrid war was started by the aggressor country 8 years ago. Then, in 2014, Russian soldiers without any insignia (the so-called “little green men”) treacherously seized and occupied the Crimean peninsula, and, together with hired soldiers, launched an offensive into eastern Ukraine. The enemy used various methods and tools for conducting a hybrid confrontation – economi

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Pipyros, Kosmas, Lilian Mitrou, Dimitris Gritzalis, and Theodoros Apostolopoulos. "Cyberoperations and international humanitarian law." Information & Computer Security 24, no. 1 (2016): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-12-2014-0081.

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Purpose – The increasing number of cyber attacks has transformed the “cyberspace” into a “battlefield”, bringing out “cyber warfare” as the “fifth dimension of war” and emphasizing the States’ need to effectively protect themselves against these attacks. The existing legal framework seem inadequate to deal effectively with cyber operations and, from a strictly legal standpoint, it indicates that addressing cyber attacks does not fall within the jurisdiction of just one legal branch. This is mainly because of the fact that the concept of cyber warfare itself is open to many different interpreta

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KRASNOSTUP, H. "New Information Security Strategy: legal response to Russian information manipulation and intrusion." INFORMATION AND LAW, no. 2(53) (June 24, 2025): 136–46. https://doi.org/10.37750/2616-6798.2025.2(53).334149.

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This article examines the need for a new Information Security Strategy, given the unprecedented challenges of Russia's full-scale aggression. It analyses existing legal frameworks, highlighting their shortcomings against the dynamic threats of hybrid warfare, particularly the spread of disinformation via private messengers and its impact on national identity. The study advocates for introducing RIMI (Russian Information Manipulation and Interference) as a distinct term, emphasizing the unique and systemic nature of Russia's aggressive information warfare. This specific focus is crucial for Ukr

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Sotula, Oleksandr, and Mateusz Piątkowski. "Air Warfare over Ukraine and International Humanitarian Law." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 106 (March 30, 2024): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.106.02.

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The Russian aggression against Ukraine involves extensive use of air power, proving that without the sufficient level of air control, the combat operations on the ground face significant operational challenges. The use of air power raises questions regarding the legality of the aerial actions conducted over Ukraine. This conflict in the air domain is characterised by separate campaigns. The first one was a battle over the air superiority of Ukraine, which was relatively short in time (February–April 2022), albeit intense, and lost by the Russian Air Force due to the inability to destroy Ukrain

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Sashchyk, Hanna, and Volodymyr Rykhlik. "INFORMATION COMPONENT OF RUSSIA’S HYBRID WAR AGAINST UKRAINE." Politology bulletin, no. 89 (2022): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2022.89.133-146.

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The informational component of the “hybrid war” used by the Russian Federation against Ukraine is considered. The components of information warfare, subjects and forms of hybrid warfare are substantiated. Priorities for the formation of an effective system for ensuring information security of Ukraine have been determined. It is noted that the information policy should contribute to the formation of the national information space, integration into the world information space and the formation of a democratically oriented consciousness. One of the main tasks of the information policy of the stat

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Lei, Hanci. "Modern information warfare: analysis and policy recommendations." foresight 21, no. 4 (2019): 508–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-06-2018-0064.

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Purpose Information warfare (IW) is a novel and poorly understood threat to the international community, which may be used more commonly as a foreign policy tool in the future. By identifying the key components of modern IW, this paper seeks to formulate policy recommendations for how best to deal with this new threat. The general overview of the topic that this paper provides contributes to current efforts to develop strategies to counter IW operations around the world. Design/methodology/approach The goal of this paper is to break down the components of modern IW and provide policy recommend

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11

V. Kozyulin. "Current Status and Prospects for International Legal Restrictions on the West's Information Warfare Against Russia." International Affairs 71, no. 003 (2025): 108–23. https://doi.org/10.21557/iaf.106087935.

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Chernysh, R. F. "DESTRUCTIVE INFORMATION INFLUENCE AS AN ELEMENT OF INFORMATION WARFARE." Herald of criminal justice, no. 3-4 (2023): 205–14. https://doi.org/10.17721/2413-5372.2023.3-4/205-214.

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The article stated that from the moment Ukraine was declared an independent state, a rapid transition from totalitarianism to democracy began. However, in addition to positive changes, there are also certain negative points that may threaten national sovereignty against the background of the war unleashed by the Russian Federation. This was also facilitated by the support of military aggression by individual citizens, which is due to the purposeful influence on their (primarily young) consciousness and subconsciousness and the formation of an anti-social position (distrust of the current autho

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Bobrova, Olga G. "Features of hybrid threats to the security of the Russian Federation: theoretical and legal analysis." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 3 (July 16, 2024): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s1026945224030118.

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The article formulates theoretical approaches to the concept, signs, and characteristics of legal relations that develop during the hybrid war. A system of factors determining the development of legal security of the State border of the Russian Federation in the context of a special military operation has been identified. The hypothesis is substantiated, according to which a special military operation is a response to a hybrid war against Russia. At the same time, hybrid warfare is a phenomenon in which a coalition of attacking states uses a combination of military and non-military measures, p

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Zubchenko, Serhii. "‘Humanitarian Weapons’ in Geopolitical Confrontations of the 21st Century: Strategic Resources of National Resilience." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XXII (2021): 763–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2021-41.

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The article deals with the analysis of humanitarian and security aspects of topical issues on the international agenda (particularly Russia’s ongoing aggression against Ukraine and the deepening geopolitical rivalry between the U.S. and China, in which the PRC uses Russia as an ‘icebreaker’ against the collective West) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, erosion of the international legal system, and weaknesses of international institutions. The author outlines the origins of trends regarding unjustified tolerance of various ‘left’ ideas, pro-Russian politicians, and practices in liberal-

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Skrypniuk, Oleksandr, Liudmyla Falalieieva, Oleksandr Chumak, Myroslav Buryk, and Liudmyla Rudnyk. "Safeguarding against cyber threats: legal measures for ensuring cybersecurity." Multidisciplinary Science Journal 6 (May 7, 2024): 2024ss0742. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024ss0742.

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The evolution of information technology has defined a new concept for society - cyberspace. Cyberspace is described as a channel for creating and disseminating various data types on the Internet. In addition to providing information, cyberspace contains several problems that require efforts, resources, and the introduction of legal measures. The relevance of the study on this issue is stipulated by the development of information technologies and the high risks that occasionally manifest themselves as cyberattacks. Cyberattacks cannot be limited or deterred, but they can be protected against. F

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Demartyno, Andrii. "State Players in the System of Russian External Foreign Policy Information Influence." International Relations: Theory and Practical Aspects, no. 4 (August 7, 2019): 41–56. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-745x.4.2019.177617.

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The article investigates the role and structural function of the central public authorities, which are the key elements of the Russian system of information influence in the international arena. The major players representing state sector in the framework of the Kremlin's foreign strategy, their main characteristics and impact on the process of deciding and implementation of decisions of the highest political leadership of Russia have been analyzed. In the context of the Russian aggression against Ukraine, which has been continuing since 2014, information and cyber warfare is one of the ke

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Duben, Andrei Kirillovich. "International Cooperation of States in the Field of Information Security." Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, no. 4 (April 2022): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2022.4.39513.

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The article deals with topical issues related to the development of the international information security system and shows the main directions of the development of information security in international and information law. The cross-border nature of the use of information and telecommunication technologies makes it necessary to ensure a common and indivisible international information security. The lack of a uniform interpretation of the content of the concept of "information security" in the legislation of different States and in the international treaties concluded by them does not contrib

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Woudenberg, Nout. "Attacks against Cultural Property in Armed Conflict – How to Reduce the Risk of Impunity?" Santander Art and Culture Law Review 10, no. 2 (2024): 105–34. https://doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.24.014.20825.

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People see cultural property as their heritage, which identifies them and made them who they are today. Loss of cultural property deprives people of tangible remnants of their past and leaves deep unhealable wounds. Therefore, there are special regimes and measures in place in order to protect cultural property during armed conflict. However, instead of saving and sparing cultural property, belligerents often even intentionally target the cultural property of the other people as a means of warfare in order to break the backbone and morale of these people or make their identity fade away. Measu

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Leheza, Yevhen, Yuliia Dorokhina, Oleksandr Shamara, Serhii Miroshnychenko, and Vita Moroz. "Citizens ‘participation in the fight against criminal offences: political and legal aspects." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 69 (2021): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3969.12.

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The aim of the research is to reveal political and legal aspects at international level in the field of citizens' participation in the fight against crime. Attention is paid to the most common forms of public participation: patrolling; provide information on criminals or criminal acts committed; participation in anti-corruption measures; assistance in the resocialization of offenders; aiding victims of crime; strengthening the security of one's own property; participation in information on anti-criminal measures. Methodologically it is a documentary research. In conclusion, the benefits of pub

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Kovaliv, S., and S. Yesimov. "The mechanism of cooperation of states in combating crimes in the field of information technologies." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (May 29, 2023): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.01.100.

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The article examines the mechanism of cooperation between states in combating crimes in the field of information technologies. The research used general scientific methods of cognition - formal-logical, systemic-structural, as well as private scientific methods - formal-legal and comparative-legal. International cooperation in combating crimes in the field of information and communication technologies is relevant for Ukraine, which is actively advocating for the strengthening of interstate cooperation in the field under consideration. The study of the contribution of the United Nations to the

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Kumar, Shreyas, and Gourav Nagar. "Threat Modeling for Cyber Warfare Against Less Cyber-Dependent Adversaries." European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 23, no. 1 (2024): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eccws.23.1.2462.

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Cyber warfare poses a substantial threat in today's interconnected world, where digital attacks can transcend physical boundaries and affect targets globally. Technologically, less advanced adversaries, such as smaller nations or organizations with limited resources, face unique challenges in defending against sophisticated cyber attacks from more advanced entities. This paper explores the threat landscape for these adversaries and proposes a tailored threat modeling framework to address their specific vulnerabilities and needs. By examining the evolution of cyber warfare, including historical

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Dyussembekova, M. K., D. S. Primbetov, and A. Rassylkhan. "Effectiveness of the use of cybersecurity measures in solving the problem of modern bioterrorism." BULLETIN OF THE L.N. GUMILYOV EURASIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. POLITICAL SCIENCE. REGIONAL STUDIES. ORIENTAL STUDIES. TURKOLOGY SERIES 150, no. 1 (2025): 105–19. https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887-2025-150-1-105-119.

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In the contemporary era, there is a growing imperative for implementing robust biosafety measures, surpassing the requirements of earlier times. On both the national and international scales, biosafety is contingent upon the efficacy of swift response mechanisms to mitigate biological hazards and other factors that contribute to safeguarding and promoting the well-being and interests of the populace. This encompasses measures aimed at preventing and managing significant infectious diseases, safeguarding against biological warfare agents, and averting acts of bioterrorism. Additionally, it ensu

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Efremova, M. А. "International Legal Basis of Criminal Law Protection of Information Security." Pravosudie / Justice 2, no. 1 (2020): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2686-9241.2020.1.82-98.

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Introduction. One of the components of the national security of the Russian Federation is information security. In the context of the information society in the Russian Federation, the role of the information component of national security has increased significantly. There are new challenges and threats to the information security of the Russian Federation, which require the reaction of the legislator. However, the conditions of globalization require States to take joint measures to address such a complex problem as information security. Consequently, international information security cannot

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Efremova, M. А. "International Legal Basis of Criminal Law Protection of Information Security." Pravosudie / Justice 2, no. 1 (2020): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2686-9241.2020.1.82-98.

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Introduction. One of the components of the national security of the Russian Federation is information security. In the context of the information society in the Russian Federation, the role of the information component of national security has increased significantly. There are new challenges and threats to the information security of the Russian Federation, which require the reaction of the legislator. However, the conditions of globalization require States to take joint measures to address such a complex problem as information security. Consequently, international information security cannot

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Mahas, H., and O. Binkovskyi. "THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS AS A CATEGORY OF MODERN ARMED CONFLICT: ESSENCE, CLASSIFICATION, PARTICULAR QUALITIES." Scientific journal of the National Academy of National Guard "Honor and Law" 1, no. 84 (2023): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2078-7480/2023/1/84/276854.

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Based on the experience of armed conflicts, the analysis of scientific and methodological literature and the legal framework, the article examines issues related to the theoretical foundations and practical use of information warfare tools in armed conflicts. The purpose of the article is to study and determine the essence, particular qualities and characteristics of psychological operations carried out during modern armed conflicts. Psychological operation is considered as a category of modern armed conflict, the essence, types, and particular qualities of various types of psychological opera

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Hussien, Asmaa Saad, and Hani Mohamed Mounes. "Cybersecurity in international commercial arbitration (Legal vision)." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 11, no. 2 (2024): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2024.02.023.

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Attracting foreign investment requires assurances from states to safeguard against infringements and losses. Arbitration serves as a crucial factor in enticing investors. However, for arbitration to be effective, ensuring information security is imperative. Maintaining confidentiality and preventing disclosure are vital, yet they pose challenges. International experiences indicate that companies might accept unjust settlements to prevent revealing their trade secrets. To tackle these obstacles, various arbitration bodies have endeavored to establish legal mechanisms for ensuring information se

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Hasanova, Gulnaz Tahir. "The impact of the information factor on modern international relations." SCIENTIFIC WORK 62, no. 01 (2021): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/62/141-146.

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This study aims to highlight the growing strategic importance that cyberspace is gaining in the dynamics of international politics. After land, sea, air, and outer space, cyberspace is the fifth dimension of conflict. The type of non-military weapons used to fight, as well as the subjects targeted, make civilian systems new centers of gravity to defend against an enemy that most often "operates in the shadows." The international scenario rmation revolution (which contributed to the "democratization of information"), is radically evolving from a unipolar (American-led) to an almost multipolar a

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Aleshchenko, V. "Information and psychological security of a person in the hybrid warfare conditions." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 1(49) (2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2022.49.13-21.

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The article reveals the actualization of the problem of information and psychological security of the individual in a hybrid war. The normative and legal bases of information security as an important component of state security are given. The concepts of security, national security, information security, information-psychological, psychological security are analyzed. The basic criteria of psychological security of the person taking into account information influence are opened. External and internal factors of psychological mechanisms of informational influence on the individual, society, the

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Ostroukhov, Volodymyr, and Mykola Prysiazhniuk. "Socialoriented and Popular Resources of Network Are the Internet in Informative War Against Ukraine." Information Security of the Person, Society and State, no. 28-30 (December 15, 2020): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.51369/2707-7276-2020-(1-3)-12.

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In the article technologies of the use of the socialoriented and popular resources of network are examined the Internet in informative war against Ukraine. The concept of informative war, problem of the use of social networks of the Internet, in harm informative safety of Ukraine and ways of counteraction these threats open up. In the 21st century, the creation of a single information space that allows it to develop faster has become positive for humanity. However, the creation of an information society also leads to negative manifestations that give rise to such a concept as information warfa

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Peperkamp, Lonneke. "Technology and the Civilianization of Warfare." Ethics & International Affairs 38, no. 1 (2024): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679424000121.

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AbstractThe Russia-Ukraine war demonstrates the crucial role of technology in modern warfare. The use of digital networks, information infrastructure, space technology, and artificial intelligence has distinct military advantages, but raises challenges as well. This essay focuses on the way it exacerbates a rather familiar challenge: the “civilianization of warfare.” Today's high-technology warfare lowers the threshold for civilian participation in the war effort. A notable example is the widespread use of smartphone apps by Ukrainian civilians, who thereby help the armed forces defend against

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Sitkova, Olga Yu. "The Legal Nature of the Child’s Right to Access Information and the Restriction Thereof to Protect a Child Against Information Detrimental to the Mental Health and Development of Minors." Family and housing law 1 (January 14, 2021): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1999-477x-2021-1-27-30.

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The article analyzes the norms of international acts in the field of human rights protection concerning the right to access information. The author of the article hypothesizes that the legal mechanism, which includes measures of coordinated interaction between the family and the state, best contributes to the implementation of measures to protect children from harmful information, combined with the preservation of the child’s right to access information. Within the framework of this direction, the article reveals the legal nature of the child’s right to access information. The article analyzes

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HARUTYUNYAN, Armen. "Some Legal Problems in Ensuring Human Security in the Conditions of Information and Psychological Warfare (Second Artsakh War Case)." WISDOM 22, no. 2 (2022): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v22i2.563.

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The quality of opposition and penetration possibilities are also altering in the rapidly changing world. In parallel with the technical and technological development, it seems that in pre-war, wartime and post-war proceedings, the informative and psychological components, if are not pushed to the forefront, do not concede to the military actions with their significance of influencing the opponent. The second war of Artsakh, which lasted from September 27 to November 9 in 2020 and the military crimes carried out by the Turk-Azerbaijani tandem during the war, shows that the policy towards Armeni

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Murtozayeva, Nigora. "O‘ZBEKISTONDA INTERNET AXBOROT MUHITINING HUQUQIY ME’YORLARI: MUAMMOLAR VA YECHIMLAR." TAMADDUN NURI JURNALI 6, no. 69 (2025): 159–61. https://doi.org/10.69691/1b80d836.

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This article examines the legal foundations of internet journalism in the Republic of Uzbekistan, focusing on the existing legislation, practical challenges, and prospects for development. Special attention is given to issues of freedom of speech, information security, the legal status of journalists and bloggers, and measures against cybercrime. The study also highlights gaps in current laws, the legal awareness of media professionals, and offers potential solutions based on international experience.

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Baranets, Vasyl, and Ivan Osadtsa. "Generative AI Technologies as a Tool for Counter-Narratives to Russian Propaganda." Mediaforum : Analytics, Forecasts, Information Management, no. 16 (June 30, 2025): 48–58. https://doi.org/10.31861/mediaforum.2025.16.48-58.

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This article explores the potential of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies as a tool for constructing counter-narratives against russian propaganda in the context of the full-scale war in Ukraine. It examines methodological approaches to AI in the field of international communication, identifies key characteristics of the information warfare environment – such as deepfakes, large language model (LLM) poisoning, and automated disinformation – and focuses on how these technologies are exploited by hostile actors. Special attention is given to Ukrainian governmental and civil soc

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Shepitko, V. Yu, V. M. Shevchuk, V. V. Bilous, and L. I. Keryk. "SYSTEM OF COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST ILLICIT ENRICHMENT IN CONTEMPORARY CONDITIONS." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 16 (November 30, 2016): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2016.01.

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The paper deals with the contemporary problems of counteraction to illegal enrichment which research is carried out with taking into account international legal, criminal legal, criminalistical and criminal procedural aspects. The current state and the possibility of creating and then putting into practice an effective system of countermeasures against illegal enrichment, which is closely linked to the reforming of the national legislation, bringing it into compliance with the international legal requirements and standards, and to the realization of urgent measures aimed at improving investiga

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Millmann, Saskia, and Pia Hüsch. "Civilian Non-violent Defence against Russian Warfare – Eastern European Strategies and the Gap between Civilians and Combatants in Customary International Humanitarian Law." Baltic Yearbook of International Law Online 22, no. 1 (2024): 147–77. https://doi.org/10.1163/22115897_02201_008.

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Abstract Russia’s war against Ukraine and the widespread documentation of civilian participation therein sheds new light on the role of civilians in national defence. This paper examines historic and contemporary Baltic and Ukrainian defence strategies against Russian and previous Soviet aggression and how national policies envisage and perhaps encourage civilians to engage in resistance and potentially in defence. The focus rests on the role of civilians who are not employed or subcontracted by the military but engage in acts ranging from singing national anthems to launching offensive cyber

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Siame, Richard. "Pre-emptive Use of Force in Self-Defence Under International Law." East African Journal of Law and Ethics 8, no. 1 (2025): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajle.8.1.2580.

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Pre-emptive use of force in self-defence is one of the most controversial areas under International Law. States attack each other even if the attack appears more distant. The Right of self-defence can only be invoked against an armed attack. Pre-emptive use of force allows states to use coercive measures against perceived future threats. This type of self-defence is used by the states prior to an armed attack which is contrary to the UN Charter. The defending states do not follow the requirement of necessity and proportionality when using force. The Research Questions were to what extent Pre-e

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Blikhar, Viacheslav, Mikhailo Tsymbaliuk, Halyna Hreshchuk, Ruslana Dostdar, Tetiana Kokhaniuk, and Iryna Krykavska. "CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL MEASURES TO COMBAT CYBERCRIME IN THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 6, no. 47 (2022): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.6.47.2022.3936.

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The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical foundations and applied recommendations for the development of international law in the context of economic and legal analysis of financial measures to combat cybercrime in the global environment. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the development of international law is under the influence of significant destabilizing factors of a legal, political, economic and social nature and has a significant impact on the financial and economic system of the country because a specific share of cybercrimes is related to the commis

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Smirnykh, Sergey Evgenievich. "International information security as a guarantee of the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination." Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, no. 2 (February 2022): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2022.2.27165.

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The object of the study is topical issues of the impact of international information security on the exercise of the right of ethnicities to self-determination. The subject of the research is the state of legal support of information security at the international level, the concept of international information security, the relationship between the right of peoples to self-determination and the principle of territorial integrity of states. The author considers such issues as the prohibition of military operations or repressive measures directed against dependent peoples. Particular attention i

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Radu, Raluca. "Building Cyber Resilience to Face the Challenges of Cognitive Warfare." European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 24, no. 1 (2025): 803–10. https://doi.org/10.34190/eccws.24.1.3520.

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In the context of strategic ambiguity characterizing the geopolitical landscape of the past two years, cyber resilience plays a vital role in advancing alliances' deterrence and defense goals while minimizing the effects of cognitive warfare. The EU addresses cyber resilience by implementing mandatory cybersecurity requirements to ensure the development of secure digital products, significantly reducing vulnerabilities that impact businesses (EU, 2020; EU, 2022). In contrast, NATO prioritizes cybersecurity in the context of communication systems and information-sharing frameworks, while encour

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GARCÍA, ESTER. "The new player in international taxation: the automatic exchange of financial information." Public Administration 23, no. 3 (2021): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2070-8378-2021-23-3-41-45.

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The article highlights the progress of international taxation in the fight against the concealment of income in offshore jurisdictions and exposes the lights and shadows of the current legal framework for the exchange of information on bank accounts. The author examines the major problems of international taxation and how corporations avoid paying taxes in their jurisdictions and how it affects the financial sphere. The article studies bank secrecy with its harmful aspects and develops the solution to resolve the current issues. As a conclusion, the author focuses on cooperation between tax ad

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Ostroukhov, Volodymyr, and Mykola Prysiazhniuk. "Information Threats to the State Security of Ukraine in the Hybrid Warfare." Information Security of the Person, Society and State, no. 31-33 (December 20, 2021): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51369/2707-7276-2021-(1-3)-3.

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The existence, self-preservation and progressive development of Ukraine as a sovereign state depend on a clear commitment to protection of its national interests and provision of state security. In modern conditions, the geopolitical standing of a state in the international arena, its ability to influence world events depends not only on economic and military strength but also on the information factor which plays increasingly important role nowadays. Rapid IT development at the beginning of the 21st century has led to a new global socio-technological problem, namely the problem of information

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Mylchenko, Larуsa. "The Russian influence through mass media as a significant factor of hybrid war against Ukraine." Вісник Книжкової палати, no. 10 (October 28, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36273/2076-9555.2021.10(303).8-16.

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The article provides an analytical review of domestic and foreign media, considers their impact on various target audiences in the context of a hybrid war against Ukraine. The activity of Russia in the implementation of destructive strategic communications and disorienting influence on the Ukrainian and international community is analysed on the examples of specific narratives.  The use of a systematic and comprehensive approach by the Russian Federation to the information presentation in the information environment remains an effective mean of conducting a hybrid aggression both against

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Yeremyan, A., and L. Yeremyan. "International Law Issues of Cyber Defense." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 2 (July 6, 2022): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2022-2-85-100.

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INTRODUCTION. The world has many times faced cardinal changes triggered by technological development. Creation of the Internet and the emergence of the artiﬁcial intelligence have become the major trend of the ongoing changes with the signiﬁ-cant potential to aﬀect all spheres of live, including the military aﬀairs and the geopolitical phenomena in general. In this paper, in particular, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of the rapid technological development in the defense sector in the context of globalization. The pace and the nature of changes in defense dictate the necessity to a

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Singh, Paramvir. "Operation Sindoor and the Global Contest Over Jammu & Kashmir: Legal, Diplomatic, and Narrative Dimensions in the Shadow of China." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XII, no. VI (2025): 946–50. https://doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2025.12060074.

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This article carries out a critical examination of Operation Sindoor in the broader framework of international contestation over Jammu & Kashmir, legal, diplomatic, and narrative dimensions prompted by China’s strategic interests. As a fresh-initiated initiative towards security and development in India, Operation Sindoor is a multi-faceted response to both internal insurgency and extraneous geopolitical pressures from China and Pakistan. The paper places this operation in the context of the changing international legal discourse on sovereignty, self-determination, and territorial integrit

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Spáčil, Jakub. "Plea of Necessity: Legal Key to Protection against Unattributable Cyber Operations." Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology 16, no. 2 (2022): 215–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/mujlt2022-2-4.

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Cyber operations represent one of the main security threats today. The number of cyber operations attacking critical infrastructure is increasing year by year and states are looking for means to defend against this threat. However, the origin of hostile cyber operations is often located in the territory of another state, and attacked states must therefore grapple with the question of international law in their search for an effective defence mechanism. If states wish to defend themselves actively, the sovereignty of another state may be infringed, and such an infringement must be justified by

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Khimedenova, Dina Nikolaevna, Mariia Andreevna Bukalova, and Liza Movlatgirievna Galaeva. "The death penalty as a tool in the fight against terrorism: international experience and Russian practice." Полицейская и следственная деятельность, no. 2 (February 2025): 60–70. https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7810.2025.2.74435.

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The subject of this research is the institution of the death penalty as a specific tool against terrorism in the modern legal landscape. The authors conduct a comprehensive analysis of the legal nature of the highest measure of punishment and its application to terrorism-related crimes, considering this institution of criminal law in the context of international human rights standards and national legal systems. Central attention is given to the key contradiction between the necessity of protecting society from terrorist threats and the obligations to uphold fundamental individual rights. Spec

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Przybylski-Lewandowski, Filip. "Sanctions Lists – Concept, History, Legal Nature. An Outline of Issues." Przegląd Prawa Administracyjnego 9 (June 4, 2025): 127–40. https://doi.org/10.17951/ppa.2025.9.127-140.

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The paper offers a reflection on the emergence and operation of the Polish sanctions list as a sui generis legal institution straddling the domains of administrative and international law, governed by specific rules for its establishment and amendment, and serving as the principal repository of information on sanction targets and the types of measures imposed. The author focuses on the analysis of sanctions lists as a tool of international politics and law and on their legal nature in the context of sanctions imposed by the European Union against individuals and entities from the Russian Feder

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Maksymenko, Serhii, and Lidiia Derkach. "Modern Cognitive and Informational Warfare: the Role of Consciousness Manipulation of Ukrainians in Personality Transformation." Collection of Research Papers "Problems of Modern Psychology" 64 (November 28, 2024): 157–81. https://doi.org/10.32626/2227-6246.2024-64.157-181.

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The purpose of the article is to study the psychological and neuro-psychological nature and strategies of cognitive and information warfare in the Ukrainian context in 2024, as well as the formation of a theoretical basis for individual, personal changes, transformations of personality, as a negative consequence of destructive influence of the methods of propaganda, misinformation and methods of manipulation on the individual’s self-consciousness, brain, cognitive functions, emotional and volitional sphere of a personality during extreme and risky combat operations. Methods of the research.

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Anishchuk, V. V., and S. H. Zytsyk. "The problem of combating cybercrime: a comparative legal analysis." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 3, no. 83 (2024): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.83.3.2.

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In the modern world, the development of information technologies opens up new opportunities for communication, business and science. The use and improvement of information technology has led to the emergence of cybercrime. The use and improvement of the field of information technology has led to the emergence of cybercrime. Cybercrime covers a wide range of criminal offenses from identity theft and financial fraud to attacks on critical infrastructure. Cybercrime has become a threat not only to individuals, but also to the state, which involves the destruction of the economic and information s

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