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Journal articles on the topic 'International legal standard'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Shapoval, T. V. "Legal nature of the ivsc international standards." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 63 (August 9, 2021): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.63.30.

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The article is focused on legal nature of International Valuation Standards Committee (renamed to International Valuation Standards Council in 2008) and implementation of its valuation standards by states and international organizations. The paper concentrates on legal gaps regarding the application aspects of property value calculations in international law. Treaties do not provide substantial determinacy, include no instruction or the appropriate methodology on numerous calculation issues and typically set forth only basic standard of valuation such as standard of fair market value of proper

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KOTKOVA, O. А. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STANDARDS ON THE HUMAN RIGHT TO AN ADEQUATE STANDARD OF LIVING." Law and Society, no. 4 (2022): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32842/2078-3736/2022.4.31.

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Sergiy, Savchuk. "International legal regulation of non-standard forms of employment." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 31 (2020): 522–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0000-0002-3162-2369.

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The article is devoted to the research of international experiences in the area of regulation of non-standard forms of employment. Currently, the issues relating to labour rights are regulated by an entire system of international instruments, including the Charter of the United Nations (1945), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions and Recommendations of International Labour Organization. In addition, according to the Article 424 of Association Agreement between the European Union and i

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Husew, Yu M., O. L. Stasiuk, and Yu M. Skripiuk. "International legal regulation of atypical forms of employment." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 87 (2025): 137–44. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2025.87.2.20.

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The article examines the current problem of the features of international legal regulation of non-standard forms of employment. The problematic aspects of the implementation of the basis of international legal regulation of non-standard forms of employment are highlighted, the main international documents that regulate labor relations at the present stage are identified. The existing research and publications on the problem of international legal regulation of non-standard forms of employment are analyzed and a justification is made for further study of the specified research topic. The curren

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Shoislomova, Sitora. "International standards of legal regulation of working hours." Общество и инновации 3, no. 11/S (2022): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol3-iss11/s-pp184-191.

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This article is devoted to the consideration and study of international standards of legal regulation of working hours, the significance of international labor acts on the labor legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the relationship of international labor standards with national legislation. As a result of comparative legal research, working time is considered as an institution of labor law, which is a separate set of legal norms regulating this area of social relations within the branch of labor law. Centralized and contractual methods of legal regulation of working time are considered,

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Mayboroda, Elvira T. "International Jurisdiction on Fighting Against Corruption." Theoretical and Applied Law, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 64–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15389628.

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The urgency of the article is stipulated by the importance to form international legal institutes aiming at fighting against corruption and the problem related to implementing international regulations of the anti-corruption purposefulness in national legal systems. The use of formal legal methods allowed to research the following groups of the most important anti-corruption regulators: international anti-corruption standards and principles, international and legal mechanisms of monitoring the fulfillment of anti-corruption conventions, and international legal measures to prevent corruption. E

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Anand, Sarangam. "Emerging Legal Standards in Digital Accessibility." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Multidisciplinary Physical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2023): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14208725.

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The study critically looks at the evolution of the legal standards relating to digital accessibility. Its international framework, laws, compliance requirements, mechanisms for enforcement, and future development are also reviewed. This is due to the increased digitization of the world economy and heightened demands for equal access by persons with disabilities to content and services in the digital domain. Best practices, current legislation and the issues organizations face are examined through this research to drive the point of establishing a unified international standard to facilitate eq

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V.V., Sukhonos, and Bilokin R.M. "Human Rights Protection Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine: International Legal Standard." Legal Horizons 11, no. 24 (2018): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2018.i11.p75.

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Zafar, RUZIEV. "Comparative Legal Analysis of International Standards In The Field of Local Government and Prospects for Improving National Legislation." Euro Afro Studies International Journal, (EASIJ.COM), 3, no. 6 (2021): 36–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4995622.

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The article is about the comparative legal analysis of international standards in the field of local government and prospects for improving national legislation.   <strong>Keywords:</strong> international, globalization, standard, legislation, institution,

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Demianchenko, Anastasiia. "The Right of Access to Civil Service as an International Standard." NaUKMA Research Papers. Law 14 (January 31, 2025): 32–40. https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-2607.2024.14.32-40.

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In this scientific article, the author examines the necessity for legal guarantees of access to public service to be clearly and precisely defined as an international human rights standard, representing both the minimum and exemplary level of acceptable state conduct towards citizens. However, achieving this goal requires further conceptual development and interpretation of these guarantees. “Legal guarantees of access to the civil service” constitute an integrated system of principles, requirements, procedures, and restrictions enshrined in national and international legislation, designed to

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Kochetkov, O. A., V. N. Klochkov, A. S. Samoylov, N. K. Shandala, V. G. Barchukov, and S. M. Shinkarev. "General Principles of Legal, Standard and Methodical Regulation of Radiation Safety." MEDICAL RADIOLOGY AND RADIATION SAFETY 67, no. 1 (2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2022-67-1-19-26.

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Purpose: To present an analysis of the current state of the Russian legal, standard, and methodical regulatory framework of the radiation safety in comparison with up-to-date international recommendations and to propose further ways to improve it. Results: Management of the radiation safety has three levels - legal, standard and methodical. The up-to-date international system for management of the radiation safety is based on the documents of the UNSCEAR, ICRP and IAEA, which are used in national legal, standard, and methodical systems on a voluntary basis. The accumulated more than seventy-fi

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Milano, Enrico, and Niccolò Zugliani. "Capturing Commitment in Informal, Soft Law Instruments: A Case Study on the Basel Committee." Journal of International Economic Law 22, no. 2 (2019): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgz009.

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ABSTRACT The present article investigates the legal nature of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and seeks to identify the legal effects of the acts produced by the committee under public international law. It reassesses the most influential contemporary theories that have endeavoured to describe and capture the increasing trend towards ‘de-formalization’ of international law, of which the Basel Committee, with its peculiar composition and standard-setting activities, is generally considered as one of the most significant examples. The articles comes to the conclusion that the Basel Co

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Chircop, Luke. "A DUE DILIGENCE STANDARD OF ATTRIBUTION IN CYBERSPACE." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 67, no. 3 (2018): 643–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589318000015.

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AbstractThe technical and legal challenges of attribution in cyberspace prevent the meaningful operation of the international law framework of State responsibility. Despite the anticipation surrounding its publication, the Tallinn Manual 2.0 went no further than its predecessor in offering a cogent legal solution to this problem. Instead, the Manual confined its analysis of attribution to the well-known provisions of the International Law Commission's Articles on State Responsibility. This article departs from the Tallinn Manual 2.0 in arguing that the due diligence principle offers a preferab

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Serohin, Vitalii Oleksandrovych, Svitlana Hryhorivna Serohina, Liliya Mykolayivna Gryshko, and Kateryna Petrivna Danicheva. "Recognizing and Implementing International Human Rights Standards in Domestic Legislation: An Exposure Under Ukrainian Law." Ius Humani. Law Journal 10, no. 2 (2021): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31207/ih.v10i2.291.

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Everything about human right is inalienable void of violation from the human race. It is therefore that responsibility of the international community in ensuring the effective preservation and respect of these rights without any threat of violations. In ensuring its recognition and implementation, international standards have been established where there is the need of States parties to these international human right treaties in ensuring its incorporation in its various domestic legislations. The content and specific features of the introduction of international human rights standards into na

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Pevtsov, H., M. Naumenko, and L. Davydenko. "NATO DEFENSE STANDARDS: LEGAL NATURE AND IMPLEMENTATION IN NATIONAL LEGISLATION." Випробування та сертифікація, no. 1(1) (September 12, 2023): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/ts.01.2023.03.

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An integration of Ukraine in the Euro-Atlantic defence system and achievement the compatibility of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with the relevant structures of the NATO member states comprise the implementation NATO military (administrative, operational and technical) standards into the national legislation. That is why understanding of legal meaning of NATO standards is so important for the determination of most effective ways of implementation of NATO standards and relevant procedures because it quite a large volume of technical prescriptions and rules that are complex and unusual for legal s

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Du, Xue-fei, and Hyun-sook Cho. "Packaging Framework System Under International Trade Rules." Institute of Management and Economy Research 13, no. 3 (2022): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32599/apjb.13.3.202209.119.

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Purpose - The purpose of this study was to expound the packaging framework system(PFS) under international trade rules. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed packaging framework system and packaging regulations and technical standards in international regulations and major countries and classified these in some standards Findings - First, the study provides packaging provisions associated with packaging regulations and technical standards (PRTS). Then, the basis of PFS in international trade rules was proposed; it is believed that the PFS was composed of packaging legal system in W

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Pichou, Maria. "Between Pragmatism and Normativity: Legal Standards for Issuing Subpoenas and Witnesses Summonses in International Criminal Procedure." International Criminal Law Review 17, no. 1 (2017): 135–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01701007.

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The article analyses the criteria that the international criminal tribunals developed to obtain additional evidence through witness testimony. It systemizes the legal standards of the ad hoc tribunals on subpoenas’ requests and reviews the International Criminal Court (icc) stance on witness summonses. After defining the types of subpoenas and the different tests applied by the courts, the article examines the courts’ discretionary power in the light of the fair trial standard and the appellate standard for such discretionary decisions. The analysis shows that when the tribunal had to adjudica

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Petrunenko, Ya V. "FULL PROTECTION AND SECURITY STANDARD AS A PREVENTIVE TOOL FOR THE PROTECTION OF A FOREIGN INVESTOR AGAINST ILLEGAL ACTIONS OF THE HOST STATE." Constitutional State, no. 47 (October 18, 2022): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2411-2054.2022.47.265287.

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The article considers the issue of the application of the standard of full protection and security as a preventive tool for the protection of a foreign investor against illegal actions of the host state. The relationship between a foreign investor and the state-recipient of investments is not always a partnership and mutually beneficial tandem. Carrying out investment activities, moreover, in a foreign country, is a risky activity that requires the protection of the rights of a foreign investor. The standard discussed in this article has a preventive and compensatory nature, as evidenced by co

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Khvan, R. M. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FUNDAMENTALS OF MUNICIPAL REFORM IN UKRAINE." Соціальний Калейдоскоп 2, no. 5 (2021): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47567/bomivit.2-5.2021.02.

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The article examines the formation and development of local self-government of the Ukrainian state and their compliance with European legal standards of local democracy. It was revealed that at present the development of the Ukrainian state is impossible without the functioning of an effective institution of local self-government as an integral element of civil society and the rule of law. It has been established that the completion of the long- term reform of local self-government, taking into account the European legal standards of local self-government, will make it possible to speak about

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Maidana-Eletti, Mariela. "International Food Standards and WTO Law." Deakin Law Review 19, no. 2 (2014): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2014vol19no2art435.

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Standards are used in all realms of human activity in order to specify the characteristics of a product, or its manufacture. In the process, they fulfil a range of functions, such as lowering risks, increasing trust and facilitating predictability in a given market. Standards reduce information costs for market players, which in turn allows for a more efficient functioning of the market. For international trade in foodstuffs, harmonisation of the wide variety of food standards is essential in order to facilitate the global food-sourcing trend. As traditional market access barriers are dismantl

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Belkin, Dmitry Semenovich. "Coercion and international legal responsibility in international construction contract law." Международное право, no. 2 (February 2025): 63–83. https://doi.org/10.25136/2644-5514.2025.2.73857.

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This study investigates the intricate mechanisms of coercion in international construction contracts amid a rapidly evolving multipolar global order. It analyzes diverse forms of pressure—including economic, administrative, and political measures—that significantly influence contractual relations between state actors and private contractors. The research applies comparative legal analysis, case study methodology, and formal-legal interpretation of international investment agreements and standard FIDIC contracts. Through the examination of key arbitration cases, the study identifies how inadequ

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Goldbarsht, Doron. "Reverse engineering legal professional privilege in a globalising world – the Australian case." Journal of Money Laundering Control 23, no. 3 (2020): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-02-2020-0011.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore the ways in which the international standards in the field of anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorist financing (CTF) have reshaped regulatory regimes in a globalised world. Design/methodology/approach This paper deconstructs the origins and development of international standards in the field of AML and CTF dealing with longstanding legal professional privilege. This paper adopts both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The qualitative aspect comprises a literature review of sources, including scholarly works, Financial Action Task

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Kingsbury, Benedict, and Lorenzo Casini. "Global Administrative Law Dimensions of International Organizations Law." International Organizations Law Review 6, no. 2 (2009): 319–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157237409x12670188734311.

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AbstractSeveral important legal features of the contemporary practice of international organizations (IOs) are not easily accommodated in standard approaches to international organizations law. This article argues that Global Administrative Law (GAL) approaches may strengthen analysis of operational issues such as emergency actions by IOs and the human rights implications of IO activities, structural issues such as the involvement of IOs in field missions and in public-private partnerships, and normative issues concerning the production and effects of non-treaty regulatory instruments by IOs (

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Shchukina, Natalia. "Legal cooperation of states in the field of social security in order to achieve the UN SDGs." Revista Moldovenească de Drept Internaţional şi Relaţii Internaţionale 19, no. 2 (2024): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.61753/1857-1999/2345-1963/2023.19-2.05.

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The article examines some areas and forms of cooperation between states in the legal sphere of regulating relations in the field of social security and social protection. Considering the implementation by states of comprehensive social policy measures aimed at achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, we can talk about the presence of common vectors and general trends both at the international and regional levels to improve the level of social protection. The most urgent is the adoption of measures, mainly legal, to ensure that all states provide minimum standards of social security to e

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Gadinis, Stavros. "Three Pathways to Global Standards: Private, Regulator, and Ministry Networks." American Journal of International Law 109, no. 1 (2015): 1–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.109.1.0001.

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The proliferation of international standards has triggered heated debates in recent years. From human rights to environmental protection, from the Internet to financial derivatives, from antitrust to missile technology, international standards govern some of the most important issues of our day. These standards are not legally binding, but scores of governments around the world have incorporated them wholesale in their national legal orders. The drafters of these standards are not political leaders, formal government representatives, or international organizations, but rather informal committe

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Al-Amaren, Emad Mohammed. "THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONTRACT ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL THEORIES AND CONVENTIONS." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 7, no. 3 (2018): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v7i3.26196.

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<p>The contract generally means the consent of two wills to make a particular legal effect of giving or doing work or abstaining from work in return for material or in-kind compensation. As for the commercial nature of the contract, in the Jordanian civil law, the contract is considered commercial if it is included in the business stipulated in Article 6 of the Jordanian Trade Law. A contract is commercial if its subject matter is one of the acts provided for in article 6 of the Trade Law, as is the case with the purchase of movables for the purpose of selling them, and the agency commis

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Bomba, Katarzyna. "INSTRUMENTS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW THAT FORM MINIMUM WAGE STANDARD." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa specjalny II, no. XXI (2021): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6389.

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The topic of the article is the analysis of the instruments of international law that determine the minimum wage standard. Author points out the conventions of the International Labour Organization Nos. 26, 99 and 131 that directly refer to minimum wage. In author’s opinion, international standard of minimum wage is also indirectly formed by other instruments of the International Labour Organization that concern broadly understood workers’ rights. In this context the legal instruments on collective bargainings, prohibition of discrimination in employment, tripartite consultations, labour inspe

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Habibi, Roojin, Timothy Fish Hodgson, and Steven J. Hoffman. "Failing Forward." International Community Law Review 24, no. 3 (2022): 209–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-bja10080.

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Abstract Despite the pandemic’s widespread and transnational impact on human rights, both solidarity and human rights have been side-lined in key intergovernmental discussions on global health law reform to date, while conversations about the development of international human rights law seldom consider global health law’s import to the field. This article argues that in spite of states’ apparent reluctance to reconcile and harmonise global health law and international human rights law for fairer and more effective public health emergency preparedness and response, international law experts an

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HERNÁNDEZ-VERME, PAULA. "INTERNATIONAL RESERVES CRISES, MONETARY INTEGRATION, AND THE PAYMENTS SYSTEM DURING THE INTERNATIONAL GOLD STANDARD." Macroeconomic Dynamics 9, no. 4 (2005): 516–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100505040289.

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I model an international payments system with a financial center and periphery to reproduce various aspects of the International Gold Standard. This period was characterized by frequent crises associated with scarce stocks of reserves, high short-term interest rates with subsequent gold inflows, and transmission of output contractions across countries. I find that a common international currency and no legal restrictions on exchange help the periphery share reserves with the financial center, improving the world's welfare and mitigating output losses due to reserve crises. Also, the center has

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Zhang, Xiaoshi. "Rethinking International Legal Narrative Concerning Nineteenth Century China: Seeking China’s Intellectual Connection to International Law." Chinese Journal of Global Governance 4, no. 1 (2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23525207-12340029.

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Abstract The standard of civilization is haunting international legal studies. The problem remains whether the non-Western traditions are legitimate sources for international governance. Although legal scholars sometimes approach international law from different perspectives or from a particular experience, at last, they are still writing about one international law that are supposed to apply to all nation-states without differentiation. The future outlook of international law partly depends on if there are real and lasting Asian intellectual connections with international law and whether the

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Lenormand, Gaëlle, and Lionel Touchais. "Does International Financial Reporting Standard 8 improve the firms' information environment?" Journal of Applied Accounting Research 22, no. 2 (2021): 383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-05-2020-0088.

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PurposeThis article analyzes the effect of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 8 on the informational content of segment data. It aims to assess the change in quality of the financial analysts' and the shareholders' information environment due to the new segment reporting standard to verify the International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB) expectations and the conclusions of its post-implementation review.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of 250 companies listed on Euronext Paris in France, a country with poor legal protection for shareholders, over a nine-year per

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Q.W., Kwang, and Ting S. N. "Adequacy of Quality Provisions in Standard Forms of Local and International Construction Contracts." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.69.2009.

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Standard forms of contracts have been in use in the Malaysian construction industry as a means to expedite contractual and legal duties for the clients who wish to avoid expensive and complex legal endeavors to arrive at an agreement with their contractors. Various forms have been drafted by various professional bodies and organizations, both locally and internationally, to meet the demands of the local construction market for standard forms. Quality provisions are among the topics/issues covered in the standard forms. However, evidently, it is noted that the quality and its standards in the M

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Zadorin, Maksim Yu. "Overview of International Standards and Russian Legislation on Climate Change Adaptation." Arctic and North, no. 53 (December 26, 2023): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.53.273.

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The article provides a brief overview of international legal standards and Russian legislation in the field of climate change adaptation. Currently, states are adopting the so-called “climate adaptation plans” and “strategies”, each of which has its own specifics depending on the country, economics, population and the challenges they are caused by. The author aims to reveal the key provisions of the Convention on Cli-mate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement in the context of climate change adaptation, the role of UNEP in the UN system on this issue, as well as the standard forms of

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Caroit, Eugenie, and Paloma Garcia Guerra. "Privilege in international arbitration: what are the trends?" Revista Brasileira de Arbitragem 17, Issue 66 (2020): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/rba2020076.

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Privilege-related issues are likely to arise in international arbitration procedures, as these often involve actors from a variety of legal backgrounds. No international standard of privilege exists, and thus arbitration tribunals have had no option but to identify standards applicable to the specific issues of privilege on a case by case basis. While privilege in international arbitration is frequently discussed among commentators, measures taken to mitigate the lack of guidance to tribunals have been minimal. This article seeks to identify trends in international arbitration regarding privil

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Bello y Villarino, José-Miguel. "Global Standard-Setting for Artificial Intelligence: Para-regulating International Law for AI?" Australian Year Book of International Law Online 41, no. 1 (2023): 157–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660229-04101018.

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Abstract Although there are several ongoing attempts at the international level to develop rules applicable to artificial intelligence (‘AI’) across countries, only the joint work of the International Organization for Standardization (‘ISO’) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (‘IEC’) has been successful at delivering a text with global character: the foundational standard, ‘ISO/IEC 22989:2022(E)—artificial intelligence concepts and terminology’, published in July 2022. This article explores the meaning and implications of this new standard from a regulatory point of view. The ar

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Deng, Fei. "International Standards as Global Public Goods in the World Trading System." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 43, Issue 2 (2016): 113–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2016007.

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International standards have assumed special legal significance in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (‘TBT Agreement’). This article conceptualizes international standards as global public goods and argues for applying global administrative law principles to vet international standards before they are afforded quasi-legislative status in the WTO law. We traced how the WTO Appellate Body has changed its original hands-off approach in EC – Sardines in 2002 to a more intrusive approach in US – Tuna II in 2012.We submit that the WTO Appellate Body’s new ap

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McKEOWN, RYDER. "Legal asymmetries in asymmetric war." Review of International Studies 41, no. 1 (2014): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210514000096.

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AbstractStandard conceptions of the relationship between international law and war in International Relations (IR) mostly oscillate between the sceptical view that law is mostly irrelevant in times of conflict, and the optimistic view that law is a meaningful moral standard that effectively constrains violence. Modern asymmetric conflicts between liberal democratic states and non-state actors such as the Taliban,al-Qaeda, orHamaschallenge these conceptions, however, as they are at once increasingly legal and extremely violent. Drawing inspiration from IR and International Law (IL) scholarship

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Havrylenko, V. V. "International legal standards as a methodological basis for the creation and improvement of national law enforcement systems." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 5 (December 30, 2022): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.05.73.

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Having declared a firm and irreversible course for European integration, Ukraine continues to increase the pace of bringing its national law enforcement system to modern world and European standards, which is, in turn, a positive and very important indicator of the state's development in a democratic direction. The main guidelines in this process, in addition to national, historical and legal traditions, should be international legal standards that allow building Ukrainian statehood and its legal system openly and transparently in interaction with foreign and international law, by borrowing an

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Lifshits, Ilya, and Vladislav Ponamorenko. "International Financial Standards in the Global Legal Order and in EU and EAEU Law." Russian Law Journal 8, no. 3 (2020): 4–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17589/2309-8678-2020-8-3-4-31.

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The global financial crisis strengthened the role of international financial standards in global commercial architecture and outlined the specialization of standard-settingbodies. These standards may be transposed in international agreements or be implemented in the legal order of states and state communities (such as the European Union (EU) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)). The development of standard-setting bodies and the evolving process of soft law rulemaking have led to the establishment of a specific mechanism, which may be called “the soft law mechanism.” The authors argue that

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Каmardina, Yuliia. "Understanding, that jerel's system of international standards of free law." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Pravo 12, no. 22 (2021): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3047-2022-12-22-15-23.

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In the article, a comprehensive theoretical and legal analysis of the system of choice law was carried out. On this day, an expansion of the number of meals is being marked, which are regulated by international law in the rest of the world. The sphere of regulation of selected legal laws, which was more importantly advanced to the internal-state norms of law, on this day, they are expected to be regulated in accordance with international standards, in order to understand the fundamental nature of international legal regulation, the principles of legal regulation are introduced into the sphere

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Gudz, T. I., and V. V. Maltsev. "International standards of the right to an adequate standard of living and their impact on Ukrainian legislation." Law and Safety 87, no. 4 (2022): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2022.4.08.

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The provisions of international standards of human right to an adequate standard of living and their impact on national legislation have been investigated. It has been emphasized that since Ukraine gained independence and up to now the issue of ensuring a sufficient standard of living has remained one of the most problematic for our state. European integration processes, which provide for the modernization of Ukraine’s socio-economic policy towards improving the quality of life of each person, also increase the need for scientific research. It has been emphasized on the relevance and importanc

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Dolgushin, Alexey E. "Fiction of Notification in International Civil Process: Legal Rudiment or Efficient Instrument?" Zakon 22, no. 5 (2025): 130–41. https://doi.org/10.37239/0869-4400-2025-22-5-130-141.

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The circumstances existing nowadays effectively refute a statement that the system of international legal assistance stays on a way of linear progression. Many cases demonstrate a failure of international assistance, as the application of legal fictions becomes more common. This article is an attempt to offer a reasonable opinion on how to take an application of legal fiction within a service of legal process abroad. Based on an analysis of the origin and place of legal fiction, the author concludes that the fiction of service of legal process is a way to level down an existing standard of pro

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Sarquis, Raquel Wille, and Ariovaldo dos Santos. "Accounting treatment of joint operations in Brazil in light of the current accounting standards." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 32, no. 87 (2021): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202113110.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this paper was to analyze the accounting treatment used by companies in Brazil that have investments in joint operations, in light of the Brazilian and international accounting standards. There are no doubts about the accounting treatment to be used in consolidated statements, but a divergence was identified between the international and Brazilian standards in relation to individual statements. IFRS 11 determines that investors recognize the values of a joint operation proportionally in consolidated and separate statements. However, the Brazilian standard includes a paragra

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Schliemann, Christian. "Requirements for Amicus Curiae Participation in International Investment ArbitrationA Deconstruction of the Procedural Wall Erected in Joint ICSID Cases ARB/10/25 and ARB/10/15." Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 12, no. 3 (2013): 365–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718034-12341262.

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Abstract The legal standard on amicus curiae participation in international investment arbitration has been forged by the judicial development of legal rules and, in parallel, the modification of normative sources, such as the ICSID Arbitration Rules. Current and future decisions by arbitral tribunals on the participation of amicus curiae in a given dispute must abide by this consolidated standard. In June 2012, the arbitral tribunal in Joint ICSID Cases No. ARB/10/15 and No. ARB/10/25 released a procedural order, rejecting an amicus petition. This Order contains various deviations from the ap

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Haldar, Antara. "The Paris Agreement as a paradigm shift in international law: the view from empirical legal studies*." Cambridge International Law Journal 12, no. 1 (2023): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/cilj.2023.01.02.

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Legal theorists have historically levied critiques of international law’s status as law or as a legal system, contrasting it with the paradigm of municipal legal systems. However, this jurisprudential position is not necessarily sound, and empirical research tends against a sharp distinction between the two modes of law. This article uses both jurisprudential and empirical lenses to analyse and contest critiques of international law’s status as a legal system. It focuses in particular on the emergent climate governance regime and the Paris Agreement as a potential gold standard for a consensus

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Rusinova, Vera. "Standard-setting and Normativity in International Governance of Interstate Relations in the Information and Communication Technologies Context." Legal Issues in the Digital Age 3, no. 1 (2022): 61–80. https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2022.1.61.80.

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The paper considers how the standard-setting path, taken by states with respect of the information and communication technologies (hereinafter: ICTs), correlates with the normativity in international governance of this sphere. The pro-normative reading of this question pushes to examine whether this path designates a prelawmaking phase, contributes to the interpretation of the lex lata general norms, or fills in the gaps that cannot be covered by the orthodox international lawmaking. The counter-normative reading assesses whether the standard-setting path precludes, contests, freezes, or subst

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GERNER-BEUERLE, CARSTEN. "Diffusion of regulatory innovations: the case of corporate governance codes." Journal of Institutional Economics 13, no. 2 (2016): 271–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137416000412.

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AbstractSince the 1990s, most European countries have adopted detailed corporate governance codes regulating listed companies. Even though the initial codes were designed against the backdrop of a particular jurisdiction, best practice standards have become remarkably similar across legal traditions. This raises the question whether the codes are sufficiently responsive to local conditions, or standard setters are mainly motivated by the concern not to fall behind internationally accepted benchmark standards. The article quantifies central corporate governance provisions and maps their interna

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Kamaruddin, Nor Shuhada, and Najibah Mohd. Zin. "LEGAL CHALLENGES IN COMBATING CHILD TRAFFICKING IN MALAYSIA." IIUM Law Journal 30, no. 2 (2022): 180–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v30i2.756.

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Malaysia has enacted the Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti-Smuggling of Migrants 2007 (ATIPSOM) Act in regulating the crime of human trafficking in Malaysia. The Act has to be read together with other relevant legislations, for instance, the Child Act 2001, Immigration Act 1956/63, and Child and Young Person (Employment) Act 1966 (Amendment) 2019. Additionally, since Malaysia is a signatory of the international instrument related to human trafficking, the implementation of the laws is required to observe the international standard. Such as, international instruments include the Protocol to

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Goddard, I. A. "ESSENCE AND LEGAL NATURE OF THE CROSS-BORDER CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 22, no. 3 (2018): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-3-153-164.

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The article gives a thorough analysis of various means of regulation of trans-border private law issues, including trans-border construction activities, based on a contract. The author analyses the sources of law, applicable in the sphere of construction, their types and specific areas of application with regard to practice. Analysing the sources of international and national law, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to take into account their specifics and development tendencies when drafting cross-border construction contracts. The author compares international and nationa

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Goldmann, Matthias. "Inside Relative Normativity: From Sources to Standard Instruments for the Exercise of International Public Authority." German Law Journal 9, no. 11 (2008): 1865–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200000687.

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This article suggests a tentative model for the legal conceptualization of the great variety of instruments by which international institutions exercise public authority, brought to light by the thematic studies of this project. If one were to display this variety of instruments on a scale that ranges from binding international law to non-legal instruments, hardly any thinkable step on this scale would remain empty. Situated at the top end of the scale one would find binding instruments such as international treaties, periodic treaty amendments, decisions on individual cases with binding effec

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