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1
Teale, Alan. "Biotechnology: a key element in the CGIAR's livestock research programme." Outlook on Agriculture 26, no. 4 (December 1997): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709702600403.
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The unique potential of biotechnology to provide new solutions to old problems constraining the contribution of livestock to farming systems in the developing world is emphasized in this paper. An overview of biotechnological aspects of livestock research within the CGIAR, including a description of the research approaches being adopted at the International Livestock Research Institute, is provided. The products of the research are then identified, and their potential applications in disease diagnosis and vaccination, as well as in the fields of animal breeding and genetic improvement, are described.
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Smalley, Michael, Rob Eley, and Sahr Lebbie. "Strengthening partnerships with National Agricultural Systems for more effective livestock research." Outlook on Agriculture 26, no. 4 (December 1997): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709702600406.
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The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) uses partnerships and collaborative arrangements to ensure that its limited human and financial resources for improving the productivity of animal agriculture are used to best effect. The most important partners for ILRI are national scientists in developing countries, but the capacity for livestock research in many such countries remains weak. ILRI has a programme (SPAN) designed to strengthen national and regional capacities for livestock research. This paper describes the activities and some of the achievements of collaborative research networks, training and information services and products that together make up SPAN; and which help to strengthen partnerships between national researchers in different countries, and between ILRI and national scientists. Examples are given to demonstrate the importance of ILRI's partnerships for effective livestock research.
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Kunets, Victoria. "HISTORICAL RETROSPECTION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WITH PROBLEMS OF REPRODUCTION IN LIVESTOCK SCIENTISTS OF SCIENTISTS OF THE INSTITUTE OF LIVESTOCK INSTITUTE NAAS (XX CENTURY)." Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine, no. 127 (2022): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2022-127-4-23.
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An attempt is made in the historical context to comprehensively assess the contribution of the Institute of Animal Husbandry NAAS in the development of biotechnology, to identify priority developments of scientists of the Department of Biotechnology of Reproduction of Farm Animals as one of the main domestic centers of research on farm animals. Track the evolution of industry basic and applied research as a result of the work of scientists in the scientific field for the needs of livestock practice. During the study period (1932-1999) the institution changed its name several times: Southern Institute of Dairy Science (1930-1934), Ukrainian Research Institute of Cattle (1934-1935), Ukrainian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry (1935-1956) , Research Institute of Animal Husbandry of the Forest-Steppe and Polissya of the Ukrainian SSR (1956–1992), Institute of Animal Husbandry of UAAS (1992–2010), now - Institute of Animal Husbandry of NAAS. The formation of scientific research on the problems of artificial insemination dates back to 1932-1941. In the period of postwar reconstruction (1946-1948), scientific topics are characterized by more in-depth development of topics and experiments. The period of the highest creative activity of scientists in 1949–1990 - the existing and new methods of artificial insemination were improved. With the opening of state breeding stations and artificial insemination stations, the widespread use of this method in the practice of animal husbandry began. IV Smirnov's work was the impetus for the development of methods for freezing and long-term storage of sperm of broodstock. Embryo transplant work has been developed. The embryo has been established to implement the latest advances in farm animal biotechnology and to significantly expand the scope of international scientific contacts. At the beginning of the period of revival of Ukrainian statehood: 1991 - 1999 the issues of animal reproduction theory and further improvement on this basis of technologies for obtaining, cryopreservation and use of gametes and zygotes in artificial insemination and embryo transplantation, as well as development of more efficient biological environments and technical means new technologies.
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de la Fuente, José, Marinela Contreras, Paul Kasaija, Christian Gortazar, Jose Ruiz-Fons, Rafael Mateo, and Fredrick Kabi. "Towards a Multidisciplinary Approach to Improve Cattle Health and Production in Uganda." Vaccines 7, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040165.
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A meeting and course supported by the Vice-Presidency for International Affairs of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the National Agricultural Research Organization of Uganda (NARO) were held at the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI) in Nakyesasa, Wakiso, Uganda on September 2–9, 2019. The activities were conducted within the collaboration program between the Institute of Game and Wildlife Research (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Spain) and NARO for the development of vaccines and other interventions for the control of cattle ticks in Uganda.
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Clark, Norman, James Smith, and Maija Hirvonen. "Livestock R&D in East and Southern Africa: An innovation systems perspective with special reference to the International Livestock Research Institute." International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (May 10, 2007): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijtm.6.1.9_1.
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Maass, Brigitte L., and Bruce C. Pengelly. "Tropical and subtropical forage germplasm conservation and science on their deathbed! 1. A journey to crisis." Outlook on Agriculture 48, no. 3 (September 2019): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727019867961.
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While interest in the potential of tropical and subtropical forage (TSTF) germplasm for improved livestock production commenced earlier, it was not until the 1950s and 1960s that plant collecting and research on diversity and utilization of grasses and legumes reached significant global momentum. The subsequent engagement in pasture and forage research by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) centres, such as the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA; 1974–1995)/International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI; since 1995) from the 1970s onwards, built on the advances made by national centres in Australia, the United States of America, Kenya and elsewhere. By 1990–2000, TSTFs were recognized for contributing to a range of commercial and smallholder livestock production systems in Latin America, Australia, Southeast Asia, South Asia and Africa. However, their use, the value of further research and the need to maintain the very large and diverse collections held in international and national genebanks were challenged by this time because of perceived environmental risks, questions about whether or not past achievements could be bettered and the high costs of maintaining genebanks. Since then, the decline in investment and the quality of conservation and curation has been a relatively rapid process and reached the crisis point of today in just 20–25 years. This article traces 70 years of expansion and then decline of plant collecting, conservation, research and commercialization of TSTFs as a new commodity and examines the reasons for the sharp changes that have taken place. In a second article (this issue), the argument is made for swift and drastic action to prevent critical germplasm from being lost, to enable genebanks to play their crucial and unique role in underpinning improving production and productivity in livestock systems and to provide key germplasm tools to achieve environmental benefits.
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Guuru, Tabitha Wambui, and Olgha Auma Adede. "Effect of Communication Strategies on the Successful Implementation of Programmes at the International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya." European Journal of Business and Management Research 7, no. 4 (August 6, 2022): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.4.1388.
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The communication function in organizations is widely recognized as one of the main factors that contribute to success in the implementation of programmes. This article presents the results of a study conducted to establish the effect of communication strategies on the successful implementation of programmes at ILRI, Kenya. Descriptive and inferential analyses were undertaken based on data gathered from 194 employees involved in the various programmes implemented by the organization. The results obtained suggested that participatory communication strategy, results-driven communication strategy and multi-channeled communication strategy had positive significant effect on the successful implementation of programmes at ILRI, Kenya. The study concluded that communication strategies were a key determinant of successful programme implementation at ILRI and hence, it was necessary for the organization to adopt a blend of communication strategies that enhanced efficient communication in all its operations.
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Lowe, James W. E. "Adjusting to precarity: how and why the Roslin Institute forged a leading role for itself in international networks of pig genomics research." British Journal for the History of Science 54, no. 4 (October 12, 2021): 507–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087421000686.
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AbstractFrom the 1980s onwards, the Roslin Institute and its predecessor organizations faced budget cuts, organizational upheaval and considerable insecurity. Over the next few decades, it was transformed by the introduction of molecular biology and transgenic research, but remained a hub of animal geneticists conducting research aimed at the livestock-breeding industry. This paper explores how these animal geneticists embraced genomics in response to the many-faceted precarity that the Roslin Institute faced, establishing it as a global centre for pig genomics research through forging and leading the Pig Gene Mapping Project (PiGMaP); developing and hosting resources, such as a database for genetic linkage data; and producing associated statistical and software tools to analyse the data. The Roslin Institute leveraged these resources to play a key role in further international collaborations as a hedge against precarity. This adoption of genomics was strategically useful, as it took advantage of policy shifts at the national and European levels towards funding research with biotechnological potential. As genomics constitutes a set of infrastructures and resources with manifold uses, the development of capabilities in this domain also helped Roslin to diversify as a response to precarity.
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Banerjee, Rupsha, Andrew Hall, Andrew Mude, Brenda Wandera, and Jennifer Kelly. "Emerging research practice for impact in the CGIAR: The case of Index-Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI)." Outlook on Agriculture 48, no. 3 (August 4, 2019): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727019866840.
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Under increased scrutiny by its funders, the CGIAR continues to search for ways of translating research excellence into innovation and developmental impact. Several approaches have been suggested that recognize the interactive nature of innovation. While these have been deemed useful, it is the deeper institutional change agenda that has been a bottleneck in the evolving ways of the CGIAR deploying science for impact. This article documents an example in the CGIAR where significant innovation appears to have taken place in research practice, and where the institutional setting of both the CGIAR center involved and its donors have adapted to accommodate this new approach. The case study presented is recent experiences at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) of developing and facilitating the adoption of Index-Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI) in Kenya and Ethiopia. The approach of the IBLI program evolved as a form of research practice that expands the boundaries of legitimate research practices in the CGIAR: it maintained the essentials of international public goods, but also included activities engaging with innovation processes that led to tangible household impacts. While the development and use of this approach was not without its tensions both within ILRI and with donors funding the work, the approach proved highly successful and won acceptance and legitimacy. This suggests that organizations should encourage and support individual projects and teams to adapt, develop, and adopt different approaches in order to achieve impact. Accepting pluralistic narrative of success will be a critical part of this.
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Khalina, Tatyana, and Sergey Kornev. "Energy-efficient electrotechnologies in AIC." АгроЭкоИнфо 2, no. 56 (April 30, 2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202132255.
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Development strategy of the Russian Federation agro-industrial complex (AIC) is determined by State program for development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural commodity markets. Tasks and objectives, directions of AIC growth making provisions for integrated development of all economic sectors have been set out on its basis. Thus, securing gross domestic product growth rate above worldwide average considers achievement of index of agricultural output in the year 2030 in scope of 114.6% relative to level of the year 2020 and achievement of index of food production in the year 2030 in scope of 114.7% relative to level of the year 2020. For the achievement of the pre-determined goals special projects and programs have been developed, including “Development of economic sectors and technology modernization of agro-industrial complex”, “Federal scientific and technological agricultural development program for the years 2014-2030”, Concept of development of agricultural science and scientific support of the Russian Federation agro-industrial complex for the period up to the year 2025, Concept of agricultural sector power supply up to the year 2035. Scientific support for formation and introduction of breakthrough solutions focused on solving the most important tasks on AIC development has been conducted by research institutes of Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations of the Russian Federation (All-Russian Research Institute of Rural Electrification, All-Russian Research Institute of Livestock Production Engineering, Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture Motorization, etc.) under the guidance of the Russian Academy of Sciences Agricultural Science Branch. Technical and technological modernization with the use of modern energy-efficient electrotechnologies in arable farming, livestock farming, fodder pro-duction and agro-processing has been recognized as currently important and prospective line of AIC sectors development. The submitted article meets the challenge of operating objectives solution. Keywords: ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ELECTROTECHNOLOGIES IN AIC, NANOSTRUCTURED MULTIELECTRODE COMPOSITE ELECTRIC HEATER, SELF-ADJUSTING, ELECTRIC HEATING, ELECTROTHER-MAL DISINFECTION
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Wojciechowski, K. J., R. Paskin, L. Pite, and K. Hruška. "Emergency control of transboundary diseases of livestock in Southern and Eastern Europe." Veterinární Medicína 46, No. 7–8 (January 1, 2001): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7879-vetmed.
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“Emergency Control of Transboundary Diseases of Livestock in Southern and Eastern Europe”, approved in the year 2000 and implemented from September 2001 the CENTAUR is expected to expand significantly. The major objective of this training Regional Project will be to strengthen the national and regional capacities to respond to transboundary animal disease emergencies through technology transfer in the fields of diagnostics, epidemiology and emergency preparedness. The following countries are included in the Project: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina (the Federation and the Serbian Republic), Bulgaria, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Slovenia and Turkey. Southern and Eastern Europe are the strategically important areas especially exposed to Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs). The CENTAUR’s main task is to facilitate contacts with international centers of excellence and international organizations in order to achieve full compatibility with OIE and EU standards regarding disease control methods. The first CENTAUR Countries: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia have been CENTAUR members since 1997 following the implementation of the previous FAO TCP Project. From the Baltic countries: Lithuania has recently joined the network and Latvia and Estonia have been encouraged to do so. Also the CENTAUR was joined by the Member: Sankt Petersburg Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Russian Federation (2001). It is expected that the Countries and subscribers of the CENTAUR NEWS FLASH INFO published by the Veterinary Research Institute, Brno will play an active role regarding the dissemination of scientific/professional information, regional cooperation and training. Four workshops to be held and other activities proposed in the project are described. Emergency control of transboundary diseases of livestock in Southern and Eastern Europe
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Pengelly, Bruce C., and Brigitte L. Maass. "Tropical and subtropical forage germplasm conservation and science on their deathbed! 2. Genebanks, FAO and donors must take urgent steps to overcome the crisis." Outlook on Agriculture 48, no. 3 (September 2019): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727019867955.
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Tropical and subtropical forage (TSTF) germplasm collections in the international centres of International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), and in many national centres of developed and developing countries are under threat due to reduced financial support. Subsequent lack of skills in taxonomy, diversity assessment and adaptation would preclude them playing their crucial role in underpinning forage research for tropical and subtropical farming systems, to meet the growing global demand for livestock products together with reducing their environmental footprint. Also due to well-meant legal changes of biodiversity ownership as well as a current political culture of ‘us versus them’, germplasm collecting and sharing has become challenging. As a result, most centres have become inward-looking, have few links to other members of the global TSTF research community, including other TSTF genebanks, and are struggling to do the basics of conserving their current holdings. Undoubtedly, valuable germplasm has already been lost, and most genebanks lack the skills and knowledge to add value to research programs to develop new forages or select the best options for new environmental uses. This decline has been a relatively rapid process and reached the crisis point of today in just 20–25 years. This article proposes a four-pronged strategy based on improved efficiency, effectiveness, awareness and collaboration that should be adopted urgently. Swift and drastic action is required of international agencies, national governments, researchers and industry bodies. Much of the germplasm was collected from regions that have since undergone massive development or other changes in land use. Failure to act now will, consequently, result in further loss of genetic material forever and associated passport and descriptive information.
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Banjaw, Dejene Tadesse. "Underutilized Medicinal Plant in Ethiopia: The Case of Aloe Species." Biomedical Sciences 10, no. 1 (March 7, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20241001.11.
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Ethiopian aloe species are known for traditional medicine for both human and livestock as well as for the preparation of various cosmetic products such as soap and lotion. The aloe species contributed great economic and social benefits for many local communities. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of aloe species in the beauty and wellness industry. Many international companies have started to source aloe from Ethiopia, recognizing its high quality and potency. However, there are concerns about the sustainability of aloe harvesting in Ethiopia. Due to the high demand for aloe products, there has been an increase in over-harvesting without replanting and unsustainable practices. This has led to a decline in some aloe species that hastens the need for better management and conservation efforts. Government and non-government groups should pay attention in order to minimize the damage to the aloe species. Traditional medicine practitioners, research institutes, and universities as well as biodiversity conservation institutes should give attention to the valuable aloe species in the country. As the species are declining from time to time, the devotions of the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Labor and Skill, and Biotechnology Institute are essential to ensure the sustainability and proper uses of these valuable plants for future generations.
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OUMA, ROBERT, ANDREW MUDE, and JEANNETTE VAN DE STEEG. "DEALING WITH CLIMATE-RELATED RISKS: SOME PIONEERING IDEAS FOR ENHANCED PASTORAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN AFRICA." Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 2 (March 25, 2011): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479710000888.
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SUMMARYThis paper makes the case for innovative risk management approaches in pastoral settings, which may include adjustments to the traditionally practiced approaches that have become progressively less effective. We use recent data from studies in Kenya and southern Ethiopia to confirm that traditional pastoral risk management approaches are increasingly futile against increasing external pressures, seasonal rainfall variability and future climate change. Some pioneering approaches and ideas, with potentially wider application to African pastoral settings, appear to offer greater hope; these include pilot studies designed to demonstrate the efficacy of index-based risk transfer products in pastoral systems, improvements in the management of food insecurity response for pastoralists and the recasting of development interventions as risk management. The International Livestock Research Institute, in collaboration with a wide range of partners, is currently testing these ideas.
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Paudel, TP, BR Pokharel, and BS Shrestha. "Assessment Of The Dairy Animal Feeding System Of Western Nepal: A Synthesis Of Focus Group Discussions." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 17, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i2.45310.
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Livestock, the dairy sector in particular, has traditionally contributed to the Nepalese economy and livelihoods even though vegetarian centered food habits predominate. Despite a long chain of observations, discussions, and interventions, this sector has not realized substantial improvement. An International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) developed tool, Feed Assessment Tool (FEAST), has been deployed to precisely analyze the livestock feeding system in the Kapilvastu, Palpa and Arghakhachi districts of Nepal. A large proportion of the populations, especially the youth segment, have migrated, and as a result the area under agricultural production is ever decreasing. The typical crop production pattern does not reflect any dominance of fodder crops, which limits the availability of feed and posesa serious threat to the expansion of commercial dairy enterprises. Additional barriers to increased productivity include a limited supply of labor, competition for resources (i.e. labor, land) with rice production and the significant number of indigenous dairy animals in the national herd. Policy barriers that include unaffordable credit, limited access to inputs and inadequate government support further hinder potential growth of the dairy sector of this region. A dairy focused program to utilize the land and other resources to commercialize the dairy sector in order to tap the potential of this geography could be the only alternative to contribute toward meeting the national objective of making the country self-sufficient in milk and its products by 2020.
SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 253-266 (2019)
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OLADUNJOYE, B. G., A. A. BUSART, A. W. ADEKOYA, V. O. OKORUWA, and J. A. OLANITE. "A SURVEY OF DAIRY PRODUCTION PRACTICES IN THE DERIVED SAVANNAH OF OYO STATE SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 28, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v28i2.1905.
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The study was conducted to find out dairy production practices among Agro-pastoral Fulani women in the derived Savannah of Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria. Data were collected, using structured questionnaire from 120 Fulani women in three Local Government areas namely: 0yo West, Atiba and Ogbomosho North respectively. The study revealed that the main dairying activities are milking of cattle, processing and marketing of dairy products. The most preferred dairy products are wara (local cheese), ghee and butter. Marketing was done exclusively by self or in combination with intermediaries ("middlemen"). Main reasons for engagement in dairying activities are: Income generation, cultural and husband's wish. Constraints mostly encountered are bad roads, inadequate transport facilities and inadequate supply of raw milk from the cattle in dry season. Sources of agricultural information include; friends/neighbours, radio broadcasts, and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Programme, Ibadan.
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Polupan, Yu P., D. M. Basovskiy, N. L. Rieznykova, and Yu M. Reznikova. "PROBLEM OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF FARM ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES." Animal Breeding and Genetics 54 (November 29, 2017): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.54.26.
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The ratification by Ukraine of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1994, the approval of the Interlaken Declaration in 2007, the Global Plan of Action on Farm Animal Genetic Resources and the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and Equitable Benefit-Sharing, signed in 2012, imposes certain obligations to our country, especially concerning farm animal breed conservation. Indigenous breeds have considerable store of variability, high cultural, aesthetic and ecological value and should therefore be unequivocally preserved. The state of this issue in Ukraine and the place of Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of NAAS in the solution of the issue are covered in this article. The research was conducted using methodological approaches that are consistent with the Global Action Plan on Animal Genetic Resources, EU Directives, the current legislative framework for livestock in Ukraine, programs and plans of breeding of specific breeds and herds of farm animals. The degree of inbreeding was determined using the method of S. Wright in the modification of D. A. Kislovsky. Conservation of farm animal gene pool is a global issue and affair of certain international organizations, in particular FAO. In Ukraine M.V.Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics has been actively engaged in the issue of conservation of biodiversity of farm animals during 1996–2017. By the decision of the Bureau of the Presidium of the UAAS on March 11, 2004 (protocol No. 3), the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics assigned to be the main institution for the organization and implementation of a new scientific and technical program "Preservation of farm animal gene pool". In 2004 there was prepared a "Report on the Status of Genetic Resources of Livestock in Ukraine: Materials for FAO" (authors: M. V. Zubets, V. P. Burkat, D. O. Melnychuk, O. I. Kostenko, Yu. F. Melnyk, I. V. Guzev, R. M. Schmidt, G. G. Omelyanenko, V. I. Drobot, V. A. Pidzhelkova, A.F. Gordin, M. V. Stompel) with the participation of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of the NAAS. To fulfill stated tasks, in 2006 the technology and methodology of breeding resources survey holding, breeding resources’ integrated assessment and identification of their economic and genetic specificity were proposed. According to the developed technology, in 2006–2010, 208 breeding herds of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and poultry were surveyed. In the next year (2007), the Institute held a creative discussion "Problems of farm animal gene pool conservation." In the same year, the Institute workers (I. V. Guzev) took part in the International Scientific Conference "Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources in Poland and Europe" (Krakow, Poland), in 2009 – at the International Congress "On the Traces of Grey Podolic Cattle" (Matera, Italy), 2012 (S. I. Kovtun, N. L. Rieznykova) – in the workshop of the ERFP working group on the conservation ex situ "Legal and institutional arrangements for ex situ conservation at national level" (Zagreb, Croatia), 2016 (N. L. Rieznykova) – in a seminar on the conservation in situ and ex situ (Godöllo, Hungary). M. V. Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of NAAS in 2017 formed the request for the participation in the international project of FAO on the conservation and rational use of the Brown Carpathian cattle gene pool. The monitoring of the status of local small-scale and endangered farm animal breeds of different species on their number and number of breeding farms in Ukraine (2011–2017), according to the State Breeding Registry, revealed a tendency to the annual reduction of both the number of subjects of the breeding business in the relevant livestock sector and the general number of animals in breeds. According to the results of the analysis conducted amongst a large number of small-scale farm animal breeds in Ukraine, the most vulnerable populations were chosen on the basis of the number of females and breeding farms. In Ukraine Grey Ukrainian, Ukrainian Whiteheaded, Brown Carpathian, Lebedyn cattle breeds, Hutsul horse breed, Sokil sheep breed, Mirgorodian, Ukrainian Steppe Black-and-White and Ukrainian Steppe White pig breeds are going to disappear. Taking into account the above mentioned, the Program of conservation of local and endangered breeds of farm animals in Ukraine for 2017–2025, based on the initiative and direct participation of Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, has been developed. It requires the annual budget subsidy at the level of 22.01–42.85 mln. UAH. One of the methods of rational use and conservation of local, small-scale and indigenous farm animal breeds’ gene pool is the establishment of banks for long-term storage of biological material. Inventory of available resources of local cattle sperm was carried out. The bulls' sperm is stored at the Bank of Genetic Resources of Animals at M.V.Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of NAAS and nine enterprises of Ukraine. The level of inbreeding among local and endangered breeds was studied. It was established that the highest level of inbreeding is observed among the bulls of the Brown Carpathian breed. Amonst promising further scientific research directions are the next: expeditionary research on the availability of pure-blood animals in gene pool herds, identification of biological characteristics of indigenous animals’ products, estimation of cultural and aesthetic value, resistance level, adaptive ability, and the search for genetic markers of local, small-scale and disappearing breeds.
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Iniguez, Luis. "Small Ruminant Breeding Plans for Smallholder Systems." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 27, no. 1 (August 23, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v27i1.1407.
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The transfer of animal genetic improvement strategies in the environments of resource-poor smallholder producers in developing countries has not been successful. Therefore, the access by farmers to sources of animals with high genetic potential is difficult or just not possible. As producers improve or intensify their systems to capture market opportunities, this access need is accentuated. This paper reviews identified constraints to the transfer of breeding plans, the need for a new approach, and the lessons learned in applying a better-targeted approach. The issues and thoughts were derived from the experience of a working group involving the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas; Austrian University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Argentinean National Institute of Agriculture Technology; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Goats and Sheep); and National Research Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Animal Production-Mexico. The transfer of breeding strategies in smallholder systems is not a straightforward task. Contrasting a successful application in commercial livestock production environments, the achievement of the primary objectives in smallholder systems requires a holistic approach beyond pure technical matters. Of all identified aspects with direct incidence in the implementation of breeding plans, the lack of specific national policies coupled with long-term funding to support the improvement of smallholder production systems, and the lack of involvement and participation of the communities emerge as issues that gravitate more to achieve sustainability and meet the objectives of a given breeding plan.
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Edeme, J., and J. Hanson. "First Report of Alfalfa mosaic, Bean common mosaic, and Broad bean stain viruses in Macrotyloma axillare." Plant Disease 84, no. 5 (May 2000): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.5.594d.
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Chlorotic mottling, mosaic, malformation, and rolling were observed on leaves of the forage legume species Macrotyloma axillare at the International Livestock Research Institute seed multiplication site in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, in September 1999. M. axillare is a drought-resistant forage legume and a vigorous plant that is palatable to livestock. Disease assessment studies have shown that there can be a 46% reduction in the pod and dry-matter yield of plants infected with Alfalfa mosaic (AMV), Bean common mosaic (BCMV), and Broad bean stain (BBSV) viruses. Diseased leaf tissue (100 g) was tested for AMV, BCMV, and BBSV by antigen-coated plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eighteen samples from four diseased plants were replicated six times for each virus. Nicotiana benthamiana was used as a negative control. Visual inspection and data obtained from the enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) reader indicated that M. axillare was infected with BCMV, BBSV, and AMV. A pairwise comparison of the mean EIA data for the viruses and against the healthy control also indicated that M. axillare was infected with BCMV, BBSV, and AMV. This is the first report of BCMV, BBSV, and AMV on M. axillare. These viruses are of importance in quarantine because they can reduce pod yield in legumes by 40% (1). Reference: (1) A. V. Bogdan. 1977. Tropical Pasture and Fodder Plants. Longman Group Limited, New York.
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Negawo, Alemayehu Teressa, Habib Olumide Akinmade, Meki S. Muktar, Ermias Habte, Yilikal Assefa, Alice Muchugi, Alieu M. Sartie, and Chris S. Jones. "Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Subset Development in a Sesbania sesban Collection." Plants 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12010013.
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Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. is a multipurpose legume tree grown primarily for fodder and forage in the tropical and subtropical world. In this study, the Sesbania sesban collection maintained in the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) forage Genebank was studied using genome-wide markers generated on the DArTseq platform. Genotyping produced 84,673 and 60,626 SNP and SilicoDArT markers with a mean polymorphic information content of 0.153 and 0.123, respectively. From the generated markers, 7587 and 15,031 highly informative SNP and SilicoDArT markers, respectively, were filtered and used for genetic diversity analysis and subset development. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed higher variability ‘within’ (52.73% for SNP markers and 67.36% for SilicoDArT markers) than ‘between’ accessions. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed the presence of four main clusters in the collection. Mantel correlation analysis showed a lack of relationship between genetic variation of the germplasm and their geographical origin. A representative subset of 34 accessions containing germplasm from diverse origins and agro-ecologies was developed using SNP markers. The genetic diversity information generated in this study could be used for marker-assisted screening for stress tolerance, gap analysis and identification and acquisition of new distinct genotype(s) to broaden the genetic basis of the collection for future improvement programs to develop high-yielding, stress-tolerant varieties for enhancing food and environmental security in crop–livestock-based production systems.
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Rosegrant, Mark W., Nancy Leach, and Roberta V. Gerpacio. "Alternative futures for world cereal and meat consumption." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 2 (May 1999): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665199000312.
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Fundamental changes in the global structure of food demand will lead to an extra-ordinary increase in the importance of developing countries in global food markets. Economic growth in developing countries is changing consumption patterns, with slower growth (and in many countries actual declines) in per capita food consumption of grains and rapidly growing per capita and total meat consumption, combined with induced growth in cereal feed consumption. The present paper examines the hypothesis, suggested by some researchers, that high-meat diets in developed countries limit improvement in food security in developing countries. These analysts argue that reduced meat consumption in developed countries would release cereals from livestock feed to food for poorer populations, thus improving food security in developing countries. Using the International Food Policy Research Institute (Washington, DC, USA) global food projections model, the international model for policy analysis of agricultural com-modities and trade (see Rosegrant et al. 1995), we first analyse the implications for future global cereal and meat supply and demand resulting from changes in global income, population growth and other structural changes, then simulate alternative sce-narios to examine the effect of large reductions in meat consumption in developed coun-tries on food consumption and food security in developing countries. The paper shows that while the long-term prospects for food supply, demand and trade indicate a strength-ening of world cereal and livestock markets, the improvement in food security in the developing world will be slow, and changes in the dietary patterns in developed countries are not an effective route to improvement in food security in developing countries.
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Hladiy, M. V., Yu P. Polupan, S. I. Kovtun, S. V. Kuzebnij, L. V. Vyshnevskiy, K. V. Kopylov, and О. V. Shcherbak. "SCIENTIFIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF GENERATION, GENETICS, REPRODUCTION BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PROTECTION OF THE GENOFONDS IN LIVESTOCK BREEDING." Animal Breeding and Genetics 56 (December 4, 2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.56.01.
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The article highlights the main achievements, problems and directions of the further development of the landing stock of Ukraine, the prospects of scientific research of Institute of Animal breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of the NAAS in the areas of breeding, genetics, biotechnology of reproduction and preservation of the gene pool of farm animals. Institute is the initiator of four dairy herds (Ukrainian Red-and-White, Black-and-White, Red and Brown dairy bread) and four meat (Ukrainian, Volyn, Polissya and Southern meat) breeds of cattle. Its employees carry out scientific support of regional livestock development programs, development of systems for the creation and management of commercial herds of dairy and beef cattle, which contributes to solving the global food problem, and to ensure the nutrition security of Ukrainian population. The newly created Ukrainian Black-and-White, Red-and-White and Red dairy breeds for the predominantly intra-species breeding improvement and limited access to the gene pool of the Holstein breeding breed should remain the main areas of the breeding improvement of domestic dairy cattle breeding. The existing breeding system in cattle in Ukraine does not meet international standards and practically does not work in a complex way, and it threatens the final destruction of domestic breeding livestock, a significant dependence of the country on the import of breeding resources. To solve the problem, a new structure of the breeding service with a clear definition of the organizational basis for the management of tribal affairs and functional responsibilities of the subjects of its implementation was proposed, the formation of a centralized national information base for the identification, registration, origin and performance of animals, the keeping of state books of breeding animals as the basis estimation of their genetic value, and its realization is entrusted to the state enterprise created at the institute on Main scientific-production informational-elective center in livestock. Promising areas for farm animal breeding research are grouped into gene identification and the degree of development of quantitative attributes (QTL), early prediction and evaluation of breeding value of animals using markers (MAS). Research on molecular genetics is aimed at improving genetic analysis methods at individual and population levels, monitoring herds of cattle according to different types of genetic markers. Genetic systems for testing animals in 9 loci quantitative attributes, which are involved in the formation of qualitative indicators of dairy and meat productivity. A work is under way to test animals for the polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3 gene of the major histocompatibility complex in animal populations for resistance to or susceptibility to mastitis. Biotechnology research focuses on reproductive biology methods, first of all, manipulations with gametes of farm animals, in vitro fertilization of pre-matured oocytes of cows and pigs, and others. The technology of obtaining oocyte cumulus complexes from ovaries of animals, the conditions of their storage, cultivation and fertilization out of the organism, which allows receiving a much larger number of embryos for both scientific and practical purposes, is developed. A separate direction is the work to improve the biotechnological methods of reproduction of farm animals using nanomaterials. It is based on the application in cryopreservation and sperm production of sperm and ovules of various variants of biologically active substances that are applied to highly dispersed silica molecules (albumin of blood serum of cattle, N-acetylneuramic acid – UFS / BSA / NANA). In order to monitor and preserve the diversity of genetic resources of agricultural animals in Ukraine, a complex of works under NAAS scientific program "System of work in populations and preservation of biological diversity of genetic resources of farm animals" ("Preservation of gene pool of breeds") with a coordination center on the basis of Institute of Animal breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS. The research resulted in the development of the Program for the preservation of the gene pool of local and endangered breeds of farm animals in Ukraine for 2017–2025, in which the methodological bases for preservation of the gene pool were generalized, animal breeds were classified according to the criteria of risk, the minimum sizes of herds (real and virtual) of faulting species were substantiated, the minimum the size of subsidies for the proper functioning of small-numbered breeds, general methodological approaches to assessing the specificity of genetic resources are specified.
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Seré, C., A. van der Zijpp, G. Persley, and E. Rege. "Dynamics of livestock production systems, drivers of change and prospects for animal genetic resources." Animal Genetic Resources Information 42 (April 2008): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002510.
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SummaryThis overview analyses the key drivers of change in the global livestock sector and assesses how they are influencing current trends and future prospects in the world's diverse livestock production systems and market chains; and what are their consequent impacts on the management of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. The trends are occurring in both developing and industrialized countries, but the responses are different. In the developing world, the trends are affecting the ability of livestock to contribute to improving livelihoods and reducing poverty as well as the use of natural resources. In the industrialized world, the narrowing animal genetic resource base in industrial livestock production systems raises the need to maintain a broader range of animal genetic resources to be able to deal with future uncertainties, such as climate change and zoonotic diseases.This chapter discusses:• What are the global drivers of change for livestock systems? Economic development and globalization; changing market demands and the “livestock revolution”; environmental impacts including climate change; and science and technology trends.• How are the livestock production systems responding to the global drivers of change? Trends in the three main livestock production systems (industrial, crop-livestock and pastoral systems); the range and rate of changes occurring in different systems and how these affect animal genetic resources. The implications are that breeds cannot adapt in time to meet new circumstances. Hence new strategies and interventions are necessary to improve the management of animal genetic resources in situations where these genetic resources are most at risk.• What are the implications for animal genetic resources diversity and for future prospects of their use? - Industrial livestock production systems are expected to have a limited demand for biodiversity, while crop-livestock and pastoral systems will rely on biodiversity to produce genotypes of improved productivity under changing environmental and socio-economic conditions. All systems will rely on biodiversity, albeit to varying degrees, to cope with expected climate change.• What immediate steps are possible to improve animal genetic resources characterization, use and conservation? Appropriate institutional and policy frameworks are required to improve animal genetic resources management and these issues are being addressed at national and intergovernmental levels, in a process led by FAO to promote greater international collaboration on animal genetic resources. Based on an analysis of the current situation, the continuing loss of indigenous breeds and new developments in science and technology, there are several complementary actions that can begin to improve the management of animal genetic resources and maintain future options in an uncertain world.These are summarized here as:a. “Keep it on the hoof” - Encouraging the continuing sustainable use of traditional breeds and in situ conservation by providing market-driven incentives, public policy and This paper has benefited from inputs from several reviewers and other contributors, and we thank all for their thoughtful insights. We acknowledge the contributions of our colleagues at FAO, particularly Irene Hoffmann, Dafydd Pilling and Henning Steinfeld, and at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI): Ade Freeman, Mario Herrero, Olivier Hanotte, Steve Kemp, Sandy McClintock, Sara McClintock, Margaret MacDonald-Levy, Susan MacMillan, Grace Ndungu, An Notenbaert, Mwai Okeyo and Robin Reid. other support to enable livestock keepers to maintain genetic diversity in their livestock populations.b. “Move it or lose it” - Enabling access to and the safe movement of animal genetic resources within and between countries, regions and continents is a key factor in use, development and conservation of animal genetic resources globally.c. “Match breeds to environments” - Understanding the match between livestock populations, breeds and genes with the physical, biological and economic landscape. This “landscape livestock genomics” approach offers the means to predict the genotypes most appropriate to a given environment and, in the longer term, to understand the genetic basis of adaptation of the genotype to the environment.d. “Put some in the bank” — New technologies make ex situ, in vitro conservation of animal genetic resources feasible for critical situations and are a way to provide long-term insurance against future shocks.The multiple values, functions and consequences of livestock production systems and their rapid rate of change lead to divergent interests within and between countries. Conversely, the uncertainty about the implications of rapid, multifaceted global change for each livestock production system and the resulting future changes in the required genetic make-up of animal genetic resources make collective action to tackle conservation of animal genetic resources a long-term, global public good. Conserving animal genetic resources will not by itself solve these problems, but it is an important first step towards maintaining future options.Advances in science and the technology, in areas such as reproductive technology, genomics and spatial analysis, as well as progress in conceptualization of global public good production for the future management of animal genetic resources, should enable the international community to address both the short- and long-term challenges in innovative ways.
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Vishnevsky, L. "NFORMATION SYSTEM IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AS A COMPONENT OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION STRATEGIES." Animal Breeding and Genetics 53 (April 27, 2017): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.53.02.
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In accordance with international obligations in the context of the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation of Biodiversity in Animals in Ukraine, separate articles of the Law "On Tribal Livestock" and a number of by-laws are directed. The scientific institutions of the system of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine developed the theoretical bases and components of the strategy of conservation of biodiversity of domestic livestock, based on which the analysis of the dynamics of populations of the main types of farm animals, assessment of the level of risk of disappearance of rocks with the development of methods for their conservation in situ and ex situ.
The purpose of the research is to highlight the individual elements of the strategy of preserving the breeding diversity of farm animals in Ukraine, including the inventory of non- numerous breeds, the assessment of the possibility of their reproduction at the expense of biological material of cryobanks, and the development of the main components of the information system of biodiversity of farm animals in accordance with international requirements.
Material and methods of research. The status of domestic local breeds of farm animals in the breeding subjects in livestock farming is determined by the inventory of herds, as well as data from the State Register of Registry for 2011 and 2015. The presence of sperm of breeders of various breeds and species that can be used to reproduce endangered populations is confirmed by data from the Bank of Animal Genetic Resources at the Bank of Genetic Resources of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. М.V.Zubets of NAAS. Monitoring of the status of local domestic breeds of cattle, pigs, horses and sheep in the breeding subjects in the livestock sector of Ukraine for the period of 2011-2015 has shown the instability of the condition in the gene pool herds for reducing the stock population in most of them. Positive dynamics is observed only in the white-headed Ukrainian breed of dairy cattle, where the number of cows increased by 110 goals from 2011 to 2015.
During the aforementioned period, breeders of cattle of gray Ukrainian breed (2 farms), brown Carpathian breed (1 farm) and Swan breed (3 farms), pigs of Mirgorod breed (4 farms), Ukrainian steppe white Breeds (3 farms), sheep of the Ukrainian mountain-Carpathian breed (6 farms) and Sokolsk breed (2 farms), hutsul breed horses (3 farms), which led to a decrease in the total number of these breeds, including mat OK. The number of heads of Hutsul breed of horses was reduced to 50 heads, the bright sokilskoy breed of sheep – up to 150 heads, and the sow of Ukrainian steppe pigeon breed – up to 29 heads. Such a number of breeding stock in the above- mentioned breeds has passed the minimum permissible limit for the existence of a population that for horses is 70 mothers, 200 sheep and 200 mothers and 100 mothers. Cows of brown Carpathian breed in subjects of tribal affairs in livestock breeding have not become at all. Undoubtedly, breeds, if desired, can be revived and expanded by the abundance of both natural and artificial reproduction methods. For this purpose, the Bank of Genetic Resources of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. М.V.Zubets of NAAS has created a sufficient supply of semen from the pedigree in a deeply cooled state, and in farms, for certain species of animals, there are still viviparous. Moreover, if sheep breeding and pig breeding by means of artificial insemination can restore one or two lines, then cattle breeding opportunities are considerably larger given the presence of semen in the institute's cryobank. In the system of animal genetic resources management, along with inventory and certification, the definition of breeds necessary for conservation, the development of genetic monitoring systems, the choice of conservation methods, the creation of a network of gene pool farms, kriobank, etc., specially places the establishment and operation of an information system that would be With the global network and ensured the availability of information. Taking into account that its development should start with the establishment in Ukraine of the institution (the main information and selection center of animal husbandry), which would be subordinated to the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine and was engaged in the development of methodology and improvement of the current normative base in the field of livestock, and also performed the following functions:
accumulation of primary information about animals kept in controlled farms;
verification of information on the origin of animals;
determination of breeding value of animals and formation of information on the results of animal assessment;
formation and maintenance of the registration system of
The automated information center of the center should be in close cooperation with the Unified State Register of Animals, as well as databases of automated information systems used by animal owners to conduct breeding records in the holdings of animals through the exchange files of the established format.
The automated system includes information resource (pedigree data, animal evaluation results, statistical and analytical information), as well as software and hardware complex and telecommunication network, for use of which will be conducted:
automated collection of data on breeding animals and storage of these data;
automated assessment of breeding animals and storage of the results of such assessment;
generate reports and access to data on breeding animals and the results of their evaluation by authorized users of this
Processed information on the automated system will be obtained by animal owners, breeding centers, breed associations, state authorities, actors engaged in animal trade, etc. The automated information system, or rather its individual components, is being tested at the network of research facilities of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which maintains cattle of dairy and meat production areas. As a result of the development of an automated breeding system in dairy and beef cattle breeding, it will be harmonized for other livestock sectors, which will ultimately enable the creation of a national livestock breeding information system that meets international standards and protects the state from a number of negative consequences.
Conclusions. In order to form a domestic system of breeding and preservation of biodiversity of domestic breeds in the process of livestock production, it is necessary to create a centralized automated informational system from tribal affairs that would meet international standards.
The first steps in the formation of the information system in livestock are the establishment of an establishment (the creation of the main information and selection center for livestock industry), the development or adjustment of the regulatory framework in the field of livestock, the creation of a database of animals, animal testing and the formation of massifs of information that will be received by the interested Individuals and organizations.
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Risha Amilia Pratiwi, Musyarofah Zuhri, and Indah Oktaviani. "HOW CAN THE WORLD OVERLOOK Sapindus rarak BIOPROSPECTION? A NICHE FOR INDONESIA." BIOTROPIA 31, no. 1 (April 18, 2024): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.1926.
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Sapindus rarak is a plant native to Indonesia. Its fruit contains abundant saponins and serves as a detergent for washing batik and baby cloth diapers. This study aims to determine the trends in the S. rarak research based on a bibliometrics and scoping review. The bibliometrics analysis was conducted by defining the search keywords, extracting publications, refining the results, compiling metadata, and mapping authors, keywords, and collaboration. There were 32 publications regarding S. rarak based on Scopus, written by 23 authors between 1992 and 2022, with 387 citations, and 201 publications with 1176 citations due to Google Scholar. Indonesia, the Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, and Elizabeth Wina was the most influential country, institution, and author, respectively. The research was clustered to chemistry, biology, medicine, and physics approach. Bio-prospection of S. rarak fruit extract for livestock supplementation was a hot topic. All articles reported S. rarak fruit or seed as the promising organ—no one study about the potency of leaves whereas leaves are also an abundant source of saponin. However, the potency of S. rarak leaves is still overlooked. Research on the efficacy of detergents has not been published in a highly reputable international journal, even though it has been utilized traditionally for a long time. Bibliometrics and scoping review can provide insights for further research roadmaps in this field.
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Sibo, Nancy, Sylvia Callender, Jenae Logan, Phaedra Henley, and Rex Wong. "Training on Heat Detection to Increase the Success Rate of Cattle Artificial Insemination for Girinka Beneficiaries in Huye District, Rwanda." Journal of Management and Strategy 10, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v10n2p42.
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Cattle farming is important for the socio-economic development of Rwanda, representing 12% of the national gross domestic product (GDP). In general, livestock production is a primary source of income. Recognizing the importance of cattle, the Government of Rwanda introduced the Girinka program in 2006 to reduce poverty and childhood malnutrition by providing poor people with dairy cows. The sustainability of the Girinka program relies on the successful breeding of cattle. Artificial Insemination (AI) is a method that can enhance cattle reproduction, but many Girinka beneficiaries did not have the requisite knowledge to maximize the success rate of AI by tracking the estrus cycle (heat detection) of their cattle.This project aimed to study the effect of training Girinka farmers on heat detection using the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) materials on cattle AI. A two-day training was provided to 74 Girinka cattle farmers. The cattle AI success rate and the farmers’ knowledge of heat detection were measured.The overall knowledge of farmers on cattle estrus cycle significantly increased from 37.16% pre-intervention to 92.34% post-intervention (P=0.008). The AI success rate significantly increased from 44% pre-intervention to 58.7% post-intervention (P<0.001).The study showed that by providing an evidence-based training to farmers on heat detection and estrus cycle in cattle could increase the success rate of AI. The same training is recommended for all Girinka beneficiaries in Rwanda. Longer term follow-up and scaling-up of the project should be considered to maximize the benefits.
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Sarker, Md Abu Sayeed, Md Fashiur Rahman, Morsheda Begum, Sayaema Binte Sayeed, Md Ataur Rahman, MD Aktaruzzaman, and Md Siddiqur Rahman. "Prevalence of Brucellosis in Humans and Cattle in Selected Areas of Bangladesh." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 14, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v14i1.42718.
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Introduction: Brucellosis is a recognized public health problem and one of the major causes of morbidity both in humans and animals. It causes abortion and infertility in women and livestock as well.
Objective: The research was carried out to know the prevalence and to identify the risk factors of brucellosis in humans and cattle in study areas in Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: The study areas were all Upazilas of Mymensingh, Jamalpur, Rangpur, Kurigram, Bagerhat and Gaibandha district and the Government owned Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF) in Savar, Dhaka for cattle and human samples were collected from Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total livestock samples collected were 1043 and human samples were 460. Besides doing all the tests in Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh Medical College and Hospital laboratory Bangladesh, it was done also in Office International des Epizooties (OIE) world reference Laboratory in Jena, Germany.
Results: Out of 1043, 28 milk samples (2.68 %) and 23 serum samples (2.21 %) were positive by MRT and RBT respectively. The highest prevalence was 3.05% in the Holstein Friesian cross using MRT, while 2.49% in the Holstein Friesian cows using RBT. Age-wise prevalence of brucellosis by MRT and RBT were 2.06% and 1.23% respectively in 1-4 years age group. On the other hand prevalence of brucellosis based on MRT and RBT were significantly higher (2.88% and 2.50%) in > 5 years age group (p≤0.01) than those of other age groups. Based on parity, significantly higher prevalence 3.07% and 2.58% of MRT and RBT were obtained respectively in parity 3-5 in comparison to other parity group (p≤0.01).In case of human brucellosis 460 blood samples were tested with RBT, SAT, CFT, iELISA, conventional PCR and real time PCR but were negative in all tests. In case of livestock and human brucellosis bacteria were cultured in OIE Reference Laboratory, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, but bacteria were not isolated.
Conclusion: The prevalence of brucellosis is asserted in human and cattle in this study although MRT is 1st-line screening tests for brucellosis. Whereas no human samples were found positive for brucellosis in this study.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 33-36
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TWOMLOW, STEVE, BEKELE SHIFERAW, PETER COOPER, and J. D. H. KEATINGE. "INTEGRATING GENETICS AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR TECHNOLOGY TARGETING AND GREATER IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE SEMI-ARID TROPICS." Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 2 (April 2008): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006340.
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SUMMARYGood management of natural resources is the key to good agriculture. This is true everywhere – and particularly in the semi-arid tropics, where over-exploitation of fragile or inherently vulnerable agro-ecosystems is leading to land and soil degradation, productivity decline, and increasing hunger and poverty. Modern crop varieties offer high yields, but the larger share of this potential yield can only be realized with good crop management. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), working over a vast and diverse mandate area, has learned one key lesson: that technologies and interventions must be matched not only to the crop or livestock enterprise and the biophysical environment, but also with the market and investment environment, including input supply systems and policy. Various Natural Resource Management (NRM) technologies have been developed over the years, but widespread adoption has been limited for various reasons: technical, socio-economic and institutional. To change this, ICRISAT hypothesizes that ‘A research approach, founded on the need to integrate a broad consideration of technical, socio-economic and institutional issues into the generation of agricultural innovations will result in a higher level of adoption and more sustainable and diverse impacts in the rainfed systems of the semi-arid tropics.’ Traditionally, crop improvement and NRM were seen as distinct but complementary disciplines. ICRISAT is deliberately blurring these boundaries to create the new paradigm of IGNRM or Integrated Genetic and Natural Resource Management. Improved varieties and improved resource management are two sides of the same coin. Most farming problems require integrated solutions, with genetic, management-related and socio-economic components. In essence, plant breeders and NRM scientists must integrate their work with that of private and public sector change agents to develop flexible cropping systems that can respond to rapid changes in market opportunities and climatic conditions. The systems approach looks at various components of the rural economy – traditional food grains, new potential cash crops, livestock and fodder production, as well as socio-economic factors such as alternative sources of employment and income. Crucially the IGNRM approach is participatory, with farmers closely involved in technology development, testing and dissemination. ICRISAT has begun to use the IGNRM approach to catalyse technology uptake and substantially improve food security and incomes in smallholder farm communities at several locations in India, Mali, Niger, Vietnam, China, Thailand and Zimbabwe.
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Tibbo, M., W. Ayalew, K. Awgichew, E. Ermias, and J. E. O. Rege. "On-station characterisation of indigenous Menz and Horro Sheep breeds in the central highlands of Ethiopia." Animal Genetic Resources Information 35 (April 2004): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900001814.
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SummaryOn-station characterisation of indigenous Menz (n = 1 639) and Horro (n = 1 135) sheep of Ethiopia in the central highlands of the country was undertaken between 1992 and 1997 at the Debre Berhan Research Station of the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) to study the phenotypic characteristics of the breeds. Body weights, linear body measurements, and testicular parameters were studied. The traits studied were live body weights (LWT), body length (BL), heart girth (HG), height at withers (WH), pelvic width (PW), chest depth (CD), distance between last rib and tuber coxae (DLP-ATR), scrotal circumference (SC), testicular diameter (TD), testicular length (TL), and epididymal tail diameter (ED). All except LWT (which was also measured at birth) were measured at 3, 12 and 24 months age. Fixed effects included in the analyses were breed, sex, birth type, birth season, birth year, and significant first-order interactions.The Horro sheep had significantly (P<0.05) larger LWT at all ages than the Menz by as much as 6 to 18%. In both breeds, lambs born single were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than those born as twins or triplets. In all age categories and both breeds, males were consistently heavier and larger in size than females. Except for lambs of 3 months of age, the Horro sheep had larger (at least P<0.05) testicular measurements than Menz for all age categories.
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M., Boopathy Raja, Kathiravan G., Prabu M., Manivannan C., Jeyaraja K., and Gopu P. "Priority of Career Path Preferences among Veterinary Interns in Tamil Nadu, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 42, no. 7 (July 25, 2024): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2024/v42i72517.
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Aims: This study aims to identify the career preferences of veterinary interns at Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS) Study Design: The study uses a survey-based exploratory and descriptive research design. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted among final-year (Veterinary Interns) Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences and Animla Husbandry (B.V.Sc. & A.H.) students from four constituent colleges of TANUVAS: Madras Veterinary College at Chennai, Veterinary College and Research Institute (VCRI) at Namakkal, VCRI at Tirunelveli, and VCRI at Orathanadu, between the year 2022 and 2023. Methodology: A sample of 275 final-year veterinary interns was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using structured and pre-tested questionnaires. The Garrett Ranking Method was used to identify career preferences of veterinary interns. Respondents ranked various career options, which were converted into scores and then ranked based on the mean scores obtained. Results: The most preferred career path among veterinary graduates was Government Veterinary Services, followed by Faculty positions in Indian universities and Research Scientist roles within ICAR and other government sectors. Private practice, positions in private laboratories, and roles in the livestock industry and careers in civil services were moderately preferred, while, entrepreneurial ventures, and international opportunities were preferred by comparatively few numbers of veterinary interns. Conclusion: The study shows a strong preference for roles in the government and academic and research fields among veterinary interns. Understanding these preferences is important for improving educational awareness programs and career guidance, helping to better prepare graduates for their careers and ensuring effective use of veterinary manpower in Tamil Nadu.
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Ojo, O. A., G. N. Akpa, M. Orunmuyi, and I. A. Adeyinka. "Phenotypic and genotypic variability between two Nigerian indigenous goat population." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i1.374.
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In order to estimate the future breeding potential of a livestock breed, it is necessary to estimate the level of genetic diversity within the breed. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the phenotypic and genotypic variability within the West African dwarf (WAD) goats and a non-descript goat population. The WAD goats were obtained from Bodija market Ibadan, Oyo state, while the non-descript goats were obtained from the Animal Science Departmental Farm in Zaria, Kaduna State. Random collection of tissue samples was carried out on each goat population using an all flex ear punch tissue sample collector and aliquoted into plastic tubes containing the all flex preservative. DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing were carried out at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya. DNA was extracted from the tissue cells using the Pure Link™ Genomic DNA-minikit according to the manufacturer's specifications and protocol and 25 microsatellite markers as recommended by FAO/ISAG were used for genotyping. Twenty three of the 25 microsatellite markers used in this analysis had four or more alleles. The mean Shannon index (I), observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) and inbreeding coefficient (Fis) for the WAD goats were 1.568, 0.584, 0.679 and 0.167, respectively. For the non-descript goats, the mean Shannon index, observed and expected heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficient (Fis) were 1.607, 0.678, 0.721 and 0.041, respectively. The microsatellite markers used in this study showed their suitability for analysis of genetic variability in this population as demonstrated by the high mean Shannon index. This study has shown that these two goat populations are significantly different phenotypically and genetically. Also, both populations showed significant deviations (P<0.01) from Hardy-Weinberg expectations.
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LUPWAYI, N. Z., I. HAQUE, and F. B. HOLL. "Effectiveness, competitiveness and persistence of inoculant Rhizobium for perennial African clovers in a highland Vertisol." Journal of Agricultural Science 129, no. 4 (December 1997): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859697004942.
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The effectiveness of 20 strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii was evaluated with Trifolium semipilosum and T. burchellianum grown in a Vertisol soil in the glasshouse at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) in Addis Ababa. Several effective strains were identified for both species. In T. semipilosum, inoculation significantly increased nodule DM and root N yield over the uninoculated control; Ethiopian Rhizobium isolates outperformed isolates from other sources for shoot DM and N yield. In T. burchellianum, contrast analysis revealed that there was no significant response to inoculation, although one effective strain was identified. Inoculant strains failed to overcome the competitive dominance of indigenous strains as reflected in mean nodule occupancies by inoculant strains of 15 and 7% in T. semipilosum and T. burchellianum, respectively. The 20 strains showed variable persistence following a 5-week drought period; only two of eight (T. semipilosum) and six of eight (T. burchellianum) strains were recovered from nodules on seedlings planted in the soil following the drought period. Overcoming the constraints of low nodule occupancy and variable persistence will require further understanding of the competitive interaction and the factors affecting access to nodule infection sites if superior Rhizobium–clover combinations are to be identified and developed.
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Ahmed, Muna, Donia, H.K., and El Digair E. M. "CROP RESIDUE AS OPTIMUM FEED SOURCING FOR LIVESTOCK KEPT UNDER FREE RANGE CONDITIONS WITHIN THE BLUE NILE BASIN OF SUDAN." Journal of Advance Research in Social Science and Humanities (ISSN 2208-2387) 10, no. 5 (May 30, 2024): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.61841/mycr7a04.
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The present study was initiated show that the best feed sourcing for animal production could crop-livestock under rangeland conditions of arid environment within the Nile basin ecosystem. For crop-livestock production systems, livestock water productivity (LWP) was used to indicate water utilized by the animal converted to useful products. Parameters measured were: biomass availability from rangelands and crop residues, supply versus demand for the different animal species and treated crop residues to improve animal performance. Trends in rangeland productivity, crop residue biomass and animal’s number and herd structure were measured through the years 2014 – 2018 in seven localities of Sennar state. Total biomass in the form of crop residues and biomass from range was calculated to determine the livestock demands during the dry season; this was done by utilizing Tropical livestock unit (TLU) equivalents and basal metabolic rates. Rangeland status was estimated using remote sensing. using multiple sets of Sentinel-2 and Landsat images (in case of cloud cover in the Sentinel-2 image). Crop production was projected for the summer season from the ‘Ministry of Agriculture’, Further available crop residues were calculated as: 1kg sorghum seed gives 3kg sorghum straw, 1kg millet seed gives 3 kg straw, 1kg ground nut pod gives 2kg straw. The biomass demand was calculated based on the data from Arab Organisation for Agricultural Development that annual animal unit demand is 2.4 tons. This was translated to the biomass demand of approximately 6.5 kg per day per animal unit. The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) estimation of animal maintenance energy of 11,000 Kcal per LTU per day for grazing cattle in Africa, for maintenance energy, would require about 5 kg per tropical livestock unit per day of feed for maintenance. The amount of evapotranspiration required to produce this feed would be about 1.25 cubic meters per TLU per day or 450 cubic meters per tropical livestock unit per year. This compares with 25–50 liters a day or 9–18 cubic meters per tropical livestock unit per year for drinking water. Hence for each locality biomass demand was calculated as: No. of AU in the locality x 6.5 kg dry matter/day. Animal experimentation utilized 2 dairy goats fed with straws treated with 5% urea and Student t-test was used to obtain the significance between the control and treated animals. The results showed that contribution of crop residue to the biomass was very important and increased over the years for Abu Hougar it was maintained around 90%, for El Dali increased from 3% to 888% in year 2018. For El Dinder, El Souki and Sinnar increased to reach 454%, 775%, 219% respectively in the year 2018. However, Singa showed a decline in crop residue from 526 to 163%. Availability of the biomass showed high variability among the localities. Animal’s number changed slightly over the years. Except for Sharg Sinnar. Sheep population was the highest while camels were the lowest in all localities, but herd structure was not the same where cattle, sheep and goats were comparable at El Souki and Singa. Camels and goats were comparable in El Dinder only. Abu Hougar and El Dali showed lower population of cattle and goats. At Sinnar, goats and cattle population was nearly the same. Sharg Sinnar showed comparable ratios for sheep, cattle and goats. As for animal experimentation where dairy goats were used to test the crop residue treated with urea on food intake and milk yield, it was found that while food intake decreased significantly (P<0.05), milk yield increased significantly (P<0.001). It could be concluded that for crop livestock-water ecological system, crop residues as feed sourcing is considered the optimum biomass supply for animals during the summer season where there is no additional water is required, livestock water productivity (LWP) could be increased with better management of soildegradation, water runoff and rangeland conservation.
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Musi, Yusuf W., E. Mukulu, and M. Oloko. "How Strategic Human Resource Planning Influence Performance of Agricultural Research Institutes in Kenya." Journal of Management and Sustainability 9, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v9n1p48.
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Strategic planning is a tool that determines the destiny of an individual, institution or organization. Globally, competition defines strategies encompassed by institutions due to industrial economy that had been experienced to pass toward knowledge resource. Efficiency is achieved by successful utilization of resources. Organisations seek a more competitive edge at all costs and turn to more innovations in information technology. Effective measures provide decision makers with feedback on the effect of deliberate actions and influence critical decisions such as resources allocations, as well as appropriate action as may be necessary. This study was carried out in Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO) to determine how strategic human resource influence the performance of agricultural research organisations. It was anchored on the theory of transformational leadership theory. Information on whether research organisations apply strategic human resource planning in management was scarce. This was partly due to the little attention that was drawn on quality of services offered and feedback. Although there had been previous international studies in this field, no similar work had been conducted in agricultural-based research organisations in Kenya. This study therefore sought to establish whether strategic human resource planning could influence performance in agricultural research organizations. Survey research design was used. The study comprised of four agricultural research institutes. The Institutes had a total of 2922 employees in 2016. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect primary data. A pilot test was conducted on 10% of the total respondents to test reliability and validity. Reliability of the instrument was determined by use of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The Pearson’s product moment correlation was used to establish test for linearity using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, (SPSS 2018), while Analysis of Variance was used to test hypothesis. Results showed that strategic human resource management contributes to increased agricultural research performance in KALRO institutes. It is recommended that the findings of this study be embraced by other agricultural research institutions in Kenya.
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Davies-Kershaw, Hilary, Umi Fahmida, Min Kyaw Htet, Bharati Kulkarni, Babacar Faye, Dwi Yanti, Dewi Shinta, et al. "Anthropometric, biochemical, dietary, morbidity and well-being assessments in women and children in Indonesia, India and Senegal: a UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub protocol paper." BMJ Paediatrics Open 8, Suppl 1 (February 2024): e001683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001683.
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IntroductionChild stunting has a complex aetiology, especially in the first 1000 days of life. Nutrition interventions alone have not produced expected impacts in reducing/preventing child stunting, indicating the importance of understanding the complex interplay between environmental, physiological and psychological factors influencing child nutritional status. This study will investigate maternal and child nutrition, health and well-being status and associated factors through the assessment of: (1) anthropometry, (2) biomarkers of nutrition and health status, (3) dietary intakes, (4) fetal growth and development, (5) infant morbidity, (6) infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and (7) perinatal maternal stress, depression and social support.MethodsThis study will be conducted in a prospective pregnancy cohort in India, Indonesia and Senegal. Pregnant women will be recruited in the second (Indonesia, Senegal) and third (India) trimester of pregnancy, and the mother and infant dyads followed until the infant is 24 months of age. During pregnancy, anthropometric measures will be taken, venous blood samples will be collected for biochemical assessment of nutrition and health status, dietary intakes will be assessed using a 4-pass-24-hour dietary recall method (MP24HR), fetal ultrasound for assessment of fetal growth. After birth, anthropometry measurements will be taken, venous blood samples will be collected, MP24HR will be conducted, infant morbidity and IYCF practices will be assessed and a sample of breastmilk will be collected for nutrient composition analyses. Perinatal maternal stress, depression, social support and hair cortisol levels (stress) will be measured. The results from this study will be integrated in an interdisciplinary analysis to examine factors influencing infant growth and inform global efforts in reducing child stunting.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (17915/RR/17513); National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR)-Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (CR/04/I/2021); Health Research Ethics Committee, University of Indonesia and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (KET-887/UN2.F1/ETIK/PPM.00.02/2019); and the Comité National d'Ethique pour la Recherche en Santé, Senegal (Protocole SEN19/78); the Royal Veterinary College (URN SR2020-0197) and the International Livestock Research Institute Institutional Research Ethics Committee (ILRI-IREC2020-33). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to policy-makers and participating communities.
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Eze, J. N., B. Z. Salihu, A. Isong, U. Aliyu, P. A. Ibrahim, A. U. Gbanguba, N. N. Ayanniyi, et al. "Climate Change Impact on Agriculture and Water Resources - A Review." BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 4, no. 2 (August 5, 2022): 72`—85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35849/bjare202202012.
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Climate change affects agricultural water requirement, water availability, water quantity and quality. Agriculture is most affected by climate change among other sectors because crop and livestock systems depend critically on climatic variables such as precipitation and temperature. The effect of climate change has been assessed in several special reports from international agencies the United Nations World Water Development (WWD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) etc. These studies all share a common conclusion that climate change affects the availability, quality and quantity of water for basic human needs, thus threatening global food security. Following these global assessments and numerous local and regional studies, this study provides an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the impact of climate change on agriculture and water resources, backed up by climatic data from Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Abuja. The results show that the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is increasing. Consequently, the increasing concentration of GHGs resulted in changing global climate with increasing temperature. The rise in global average temperatures since 1860 now exceeds 0.6OC. In Nigeria, there is a decrease in rainfall (about 90 mm), while temperature increased (about 0.8OC) since 1960. This has led to increased evaporation and evapotranspiration and water stress resulting in the drying up of water bodies such as rivers and lakes. While climate change makes some countries experience an increase in water resources, the majority face serious water stress. The changes in climatic events such as temperature and rainfall significantly affect the yield of crops, because of their sensitivity to weather parameters, thereby causing huge economic impacts on countries that are highly dependent on Agriculture. More research and government policies should focus on a planned adaptation in agricultural water management to facilitate more consistent and more effective responses to climate change, with consideration of the linkage with non-agricultural water uses.
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BEHNKE, JERZY M. "Nematology: Advances and Perspectives, Vol. 1, Nematode Morphology, Physiology and Ecology. By Z. X. Chen, S. Y. Chen and D. W. Dickson, pp. 656. International CABI Publishing, UK, 2004. ISBN 0 85199 645. £85.00 (US$150.00)." Parasitology 131, no. 3 (August 16, 2005): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182005218589.
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As a zoologist, I have never really understood why those of us who study nematodes continue to partition ourselves into at least two distinct camps, one of which works on the plant-parasitic and free-living species, and the other primarily on animal-parasitic species. And I suspect that nematodes themselves are equally puzzled by this segregation of their ardent scholars. Historically, of course, plant nematologists aggregated in crop research and botany departments, whereas the animal nematologists were stationed in livestock, veterinary, medical and zoological departments of research institutes and universities. I found much of interest in NematologyVol. 1, but I was left with the impression that, whilst the ‘iron curtain’ was beginning to tumble, it still had a long way to fall. We have not yet reached a stage where nematodes as distinct organisms, whatever their niche, take priority in our thinking. But I race ahead. Let us retrace and begin with the details of this volume.
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Nielsen, Jens. "International Coordination of Research on Infectious Animal Diseases (ICRAD) First Call: Editorial and Abstracts." International Coordination of Research on Infectious Animal Diseases (ICRAD) 3, no. 2 (November 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51585/gtop.2023.2.0034.
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The ICRAD ERA-NET launched its first call in 2020, with funding partners from twenty European countries. The aim was to foster a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach towards developing innovative instruments for the control and prevention of animal infectious diseases. Particularly, with a focus on creating vaccine and diagnostic technology platforms to enhance preparedness for major epidemic threats such as African swine fever and animal influenza. The first ICRAD call received significant support, totaling €17.4 million from partner countries alongside an additional €6.7 million top-up from the European Commission (EC). These funds were allocated to nineteen research project consortiums, consisting of researchers from across Europe. Through their collective efforts, these consortia have made remarkable progress in addressing various infectious disease risks faced by European animal health and the livestock industry. The following text encapsulates abstracts from eleven out of the nineteen projects that received funding through the first ICRAD research call. It’s noteworthy to observe that several of these projects are addressing pressing issues related to ongoing animal health outbreaks. For instance, three of these funded projects are dedicated to enhancing our comprehension of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) and fostering the development of a potential vaccine. Another project is honing its focus on avian influenza, with the objective of deciphering the factors contributing to increased virulence in low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. This could potentially enable us to better predict the severity of emerging avian influenza virus (AIV) strains. In addition, there are several other projects that align seamlessly with the overarching goals of ICRAD. These include but are not limited to, the development of innovative DNA vaccine technologies and the creation of diagnostic tools for a spectrum of pig diseases. Overall, we have funded a range of projects that align excellently with the overall goals of ICRAD, supporting innovative, cross-cutting research on animal health and welfare, with associated benefits for the environment and the economy. These projects represent significant strides in improving animal health, welfare, and food production throughout Europe. By fostering collaboration between partner institutes and bringing together experts from various countries and disciplines, these joint efforts can effectively combine knowledge, resources, and expertise to address complex challenges and threats. This coordination is crucial for identifying, preventing, and responding to emerging animal diseases that could not only endanger animal health but also have direct or indirect implications for human well-being. Moreover, this cross-border cooperation can yield more comprehensive research outcomes while developing innovative solutions and strategies for disease prevention and control. Ultimately, international scientific coordination on animal health showcased in the following abstracts demonstrates a strong commitment to cooperation while providing robust evidence to safeguard the health of animals, humans, and the environment. ICRAD, which organized this call and allocated grants to these projects is an ERA-NET, a co-funded project under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program.
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Negawo, Alemayehu T., Alexandra Jorge, Jean Hanson, Abel Teshome, Meki S. Muktar, Ana Luisa S. Azevedo, Francisco J. S. Ledo, Juarez C. Machado, and Chris S. Jones. "Molecular markers as a tool for germplasm acquisition to enhance the genetic diversity of a Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus syn. Pennisetum purpureum) collection." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 6, no. 2 (May 30, 2018): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(6)58-69.
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At the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 171 germplasm accessions of Napier grass were studied using 20 SSR markers with the objective of assessing the allelic richness and genetic diversity of the collections held at ILRI and the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), and to determine distinct accessions to be introduced to enhance the diversity in each of the genebank collections. A total of 148 alleles were observed in the whole collection, of which 140 and 93 alleles were observed in the ILRI and EMBRAPA collections, respectively. Fifty-five and 8 alleles were found to be unique to the ILRI and EMBRAPA collections, respectively, while 85 alleles were shared between the collections. The number of alleles per marker ranged from 1 to 23 with an average value of 7.4 across both collections. The heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.000 to 0.808 with an average value of 0.463. A principal coordinate analysis grouped accessions into 3 main groups, whereas a hierarchical cluster analysis indicated 4 main clusters. From a genebank management and conservation perspective, the marker profile of the accessions was used in the process of selecting and acquiring distinct lines to be added to the ILRI and EMBRAPA collections. Accordingly, 54 accessions and elite lines were selected and introduced from EMBRAPA to the ILRI collection, while 8 distinct accessions from ILRI were added to the EMBRAPA collection. In general, a useful marker profile of an expanded Napier grass collection has been generated which could be used to enhance the conservation, use and management of the available genetic resources of this important forage crop.
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LUPWAYI, N. Z., I. HAQUE, and F. B. HOLL. "Strain-specific response of Trifolium semipilosum to inoculation with Rhizobium and the significance of waterlogging in Vertisols." Journal of Agricultural Science 129, no. 4 (December 1997): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859697004954.
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Glasshouse and field experiments were conducted in 1993 at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) in Addis Ababa to identify effective combinations of Trifolium semipilosum genotypes and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains and to investigate the effects of waterlogging of Vertisols on the response of clover to inoculation. In the glasshouse, the Rhizobium strain ILCA372str produced nearly ten times as much nodule DM, three times as much shoot DM, five times as much root DM, and twice as much plant N on cv. Safari as it did on accession ILCA7609 under normal watering conditions. This spontaneous streptomycin-resistant mutant strain performed better than its parent strain. Shoot DM and N yields of this combination were, however, only 55 and 71%, respectively, of the corresponding N-fertilizer (150 kg N ha−1) treatment. Waterlogging reduced nodule DM by 33%, shoot DM by 41%, root DM by 25% and N yield by 33%, and responses of both plant genotypes to inoculation and to N fertilizer were reduced. In the field, there were no significant differences in nodulation, plant DM and plant N between seed and soil inoculation methods. Dry matter and N yields of Safari inoculated with strain ILCA372str were at least twice as high as those produced by any other strain or N fertilizer supplied at 100 kg N ha−1. Waterlogging during early establishment in the field probably reduced the availability of N fertilizer to the plants. Further field testing of the Safari-ILCA372str combination is recommended, particularly in combination with broad-bed and furrow (BBF) technology to drain Vertisols.
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Kovalev, I. L. "Use of precision animal husbandry technologies in the Republic of Belarus: facts, experience, prospects." Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2202-05.
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The article describes a number of highly promising areas for today in the development of agriculture in the world and the Belarusian agro-industrial complex. The main attention is paid to the development of precision animal husbandry technologies in the republic, as the most important component in the digital transformation of domestic agricultural production with its most developed livestock segment, and especially the dairy sector. An overview of some important software products, information systems, and other digital solutions that are essential for the effective functioning of the livestock industry of the republic is given. Some landmark developments, examples of the introduction of elements of precision animal husbandry, automation systems, information and analytical systems in agriculture of the republic, which are actively involved in a number of organizations of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and especially scientific and practical centers, research institutes of the Department of Agrarian Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences, as well as other domestic organizations of various forms of ownership. The benefits obtained by farmers from the use of various digital solutions in the fi eld of animal husbandry are discussed.
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Cheboi, Juliana J., Miriam G. Kinyua, Paul K. Kimurto, Oliver K. Kiplaga, Fredrick Ng’an’ga, and Sita R. Ghimire. "Biochemical composition of pigeonpea genotypes in Kenya." November 2019, no. 13(11):2019 (November 20, 2019): 1848–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.11.p1886.
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Pigeonpea is an important crop in semi-arid tropics and sub-tropics. The improvement and utilization of this crop in East Africa can enhance food and nutrition security. A study was carried out to examine variation in biochemical composition (crude protein, total phenols, total flavonoid and total anti-oxidant activity) of 55 pigeonpea genotypes grown in Kabete field station during the long rains of April-September 2017. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with three replications. After harvest, 100g of dry seed samples were collected for biochemical analyses. The biochemical analyses were performed at nutrition platform of Biosciences eastern and central Africa- International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya. Treatment means were separated based on Tukey test using Genstat, SAS and R software. The genotypes varied significantly (P≤0.05) for all the parameters measured with a mean of 20.88 g/100g, 46.21 mg/100g, 23.98 mg/100g and 38.13 mg/100g for crude protein, total phenol, total flavonoid and total anti-oxidant activity, respectively. Advanced elite materials out performed for all parameters analyzed except for crude protein with a mean of 59.57 mg/100g, 26.64 mg/100g and 30.23 mg/100g for total phenols, total flavonoid and total anti-oxidant activity, respectively. The total antioxidant activity had significantly positive correlation (P≤0.05) with total phenol, total flavonoid and crude protein. Similarly, total phenol and total flavonoid had significantly positive correlation (≤0.05). The results revealed that the advanced elite materials contain high phenolics and antioxidant activity that contribute to lowering oxidation of free radicals due to their redox properties. Therefore, these germplasm are valuable genetic resources for improving pigeonpea varieties for nutritional qualities.
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Bekele, A. Z., C. Clément, M. Kreuzer, and C. R. Soliva. "Efficiency of Sesbania sesban and Acacia angustissima in limiting methanogenesis and increasing ruminally available nitrogen in a tropical grass-based diet depends on accession." Animal Production Science 49, no. 2 (2009): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08202.
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Novel strategies to improve nutrient-poor tropical diets for ruminants should aim to increase feeding value and, simultaneously, reduce emissions of the greenhouse gas methane. Both aims were addressed in the present in vitro experiment when supplementing a low quality, tropical grass (Brachiaria humidicola; Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical accession number 6133) with foliage from various leguminous multi-purpose shrubs, all of them containing plant secondary metabolites in different concentrations. In detail, foliage of Acacia angustissima from the International Livestock Research Institute ( ILRI; accessions no. 459 and 15132), Sesbania sesban (ILRI 10865 and 15019), Samanea saman (ILRI 14884), and leafy crop residues of the grain legume Cajanus cajan (ILRI 16555) were supplemented at 200 g/kg dry matter. Additionally, a combination of C. cajan and S. sesban 10865 was tested. Effects on methanogenesis, ruminal nitrogen turnover and other fermentation traits were determined with the rumen simulation technique Rusitec. All supplements enhanced the fermentable nutrient supply, especially ruminally degradable crude protein, and improved the calculated microbial efficiency in nitrogen utilisation. Methanogenesis was limited by one accession of S. sesban (10865) and, less clearly, by one A. angustissima accession (459), while the other supplements remained ineffective. The first mentioned accessions proved to be far richer in several plant secondary metabolites, especially saponins and tannins. Provided in combination, C. cajan and S. sesban 10865 supported each other in their effects on nitrogen usage and total methane release. Accordingly, a combination strategy might provide, after being verified in vivo, a particularly promising option to improve low quality, tropical diets at limited environmental impact thus facilitating its adoption by stakeholders.
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Farnós, Omar, Barbara Cristina Martins Fernandes Martins Fernandes Paes, Belayneh Getachew, Samia Rourou, Ameni Chaabene, Esayas Gelaye, Takele A. Tefera, and Amine A. Kamen. "Intranasally Delivered Adenoviral Vector Protects Chickens against Newcastle Disease Virus: Vaccine Manufacturing and Stability Assessments for Liquid and Lyophilized Formulations." Vaccines 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010041.
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Newcastle disease (ND) remains a critical disease affecting poultry in sub-Saharan Africa. In some countries, repeated outbreaks have a major impact on local economies and food security. Recently, we developed an adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding the Fusion protein from an Ethiopian isolate of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The adenoviral vector was designed, and a manufacturing process was developed in the context of the Livestock Vaccine Innovation Fund initiative funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada. The industrially relevant recombinant vaccine technology platform is being transferred to the National Veterinary Institute (Ethiopia) for veterinary applications. Here, a manufacturing process using HEK293SF suspension cells cultured in stirred-tank bioreactors for the vaccine production is proposed. Taking into consideration supply chain limitations, options for serum-free media selection were evaluated. A streamlined downstream process including a filtration, an ultrafiltration, and a concentration step was developed. With high volumetric yields (infectious titers up to 5 × 109 TCID50/mL) in the culture supernatant, the final formulations were prepared at 1010 TCID50/mL, either in liquid or lyophilized forms. The liquid formulation was suitable and safe for mucosal vaccination and was stable for 1 week at 37 °C. Both the liquid and lyophilized formulations were stable after 6 months of storage at 4 °C. We demonstrate that the instillation of the adenoviral vector through the nasal cavity can confer protection to chickens against a lethal challenge with NDV. Overall, a manufacturing process for the adenovirus-vectored vaccine was developed, and protective doses were determined using a convenient route of delivery. Formulation and storage conditions were established, and quality control protocols were implemented.
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Vyshnevsky, L. V., M. G. Porhun, O. V. Sydorenko, and P. Р. Dzhus. "BANK OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES OF INSTITUTE OF ANIMALS BREEDING AND GENETICS ND. A. M.V.ZUBETS OF NAAS SYSTEM OF ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF UKRAINE." Animal Breeding and Genetics 53 (April 27, 2017): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.53.03.
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Introduction. Conceptual framework system biodiversity in livestock include a combination of a set of measures aimed at the conservation and repopulation animals - the preservation of genetic diversity in situ in vitro and preservation of genetic diversity through the accumulation of genetic material and its cryopreservation as germ and somatic cells, zygotes, tissues (ex situ in vitro). Gene pool facilities require maintenance system to produce the required number gene pool products, the main criterion of evaluation which is playing the typical breed characteristics and features. The unifying element in the system of biodiversity - a Bank of Animals of genetic resources of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS, which is attributed to objects of national heritage.
Relevance of the creation and operation of the bank animal genetic resources of IABG nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS teeth caused by rapidly narrowing biodiversity in general and the diversity of farm animals in particular. According to the ratified November 29, 1994 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine "Convention on Biodiversity" Pan-European strategy and objectives of conservation of biological and landscape diversity Bank animal genetic resources of IABG nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS performs the task of enhancing the role of agriculture in maintaining biodiversity and fostering international cooperation for the conservation of genetic material of small species and endangered species according to the objectives of science and technology program number 37 "The system works in populations and biodiversity conservation of genetic resources of agricultural animals" ("Saving gene pool breeds").
It operates as a scientific and technological structure that provides storage and preservation of national and global gene pool of small, local and endangered species, populations and genotypes of rare farm animals. According to current trends driving the selection and breeding of livestock Ukraine and focusing on the short term, bank of sperm Institute also provides storage and rational use of better breeding material in the framework of breeding programs and improving the genetic potential productivity of animals.
The purpose of this study was to conduct quantitative and qualitative analysis of genetic material stored in the bank of Animal of Genetic Resources of Institute of Animals Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS.
Material and methods of research. A description of the genetic material that is deposited in the bank of animal genetic resources of IABG nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS the results of the inventory on January 1, 2017 and acts of reception and transmission. Analyzed information forms the primary account (1-mol and 1-beef) and certificates of origin bulls.
To characterize the gene pool of animals breeding materials included books of evaluation on the quality sires and progeny data directory bulls allowed to use in the selection process.
Results. Bank Animal of Genetic Resources was formed on the basis of the Republican gene pool bank of sperm, which was established in 1976 under former Ukrainian Research Institute Breeding and Artificial insemination of cattle (now the Institute of Animals Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS.
Forming of animal genetic resources IABG nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS was due to tribal enterprises, which sperm came from almost all regions of Ukraine. Since the gene pool of the National Bank of sperm of animal genetic resources deposited 26.043 thousand sperm doses of 44 bulls who participated in developing Ukrainian Beef breed, and founder of the Ukrainian Beef breed lines. The bank remains Institute of semen sires - the pioneers of related groups sperm are used to display the Ukarainian Beef breed: 81 Eoiziano, 2317 Eymo, 274 Desant and 382 Eufemio (Chianina), 5203 Juncker, 8574103527 Zheriko (Charolais) and founder of the factory line - 0988 Anchar (Ukrainian Beef). Also, the bank laid sperm factory line Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle - 897 Elbrus.
Now bank of sperm of Institute holds more than 145.3 thousand sperm doses outstanding bulls 16 dairy and 14 beef breeds in the number of 87.4 thousand doses of 116 sires and 38.6 thousand. Doses from 77 bulls beef breeds which is intended for use directly in selection and breeding work with breeds. To implement the program "Preservation of the gene pool of breeds" in the Bank of animal genetic resources generative cells remain in an amount of 19.5 thousand sperm doses of 27 bulls and four local endangered breeds (Ukrainian Whiteheaded, Lebedyn, Ukrainian Gray and Carpathian Brown). If necessary, use genetic material of these species in gene pool herds in the future will make it possible to recover the lost line.
During 2011- 2013 the specialists studied indicators mobility, dynamic characteristics of movement and survival defrosting bull sperm stored in a bank animals genetic resources of IABG nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS using computer analyzer Sperm Vision company «Minitub» (USA). Indices straight-forward motion and absolute bull sperm survival rate for different shelf life.
The Institute staff conducted molecular genetic evaluation of genotypes bulls for loci QTL (k-Cn, βLG, GH (dairy and cattle breeds) TG, CAPN1 530, MSTN), ISSR-markers using a as being primers for fragments of dinucleotide and trinucleotide microsatellite locus (ACC) 6G, (GAG) 6C, (AG)9C, (GA)9C and microsatellite markers that are included in the list of recommended ISAG (BM1824, BM2113, INRA023, SPS115, TGLA122, TGLA126, TGLA227, ETH10, ETH225 and ETH3). The information for the studied markers allows you to make more detailed description of the genetic diversity of planted material stored in a bank of genetic resources of animals IABG.
The staff of the Institute and other academic Institutions in the system of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which performs research program NAAS "Saving gene pool breds" continues to work to build a bank of animal genetic resources.
Also, the Institute formed DNA bank of somatic cells and tissues of various farm animals, with appropriate breeding and genetic characteristics of genetic material.
To enhance the role of the bank of Institute of Animals Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS in the management of genetic resources and conservation of biodiversity in the future of its formation should be based on the basis that from commercial breeds of farm animals lay biological material only from their greatest representatives, and for indigenous, local and endangered breeds - representatives from the widest possible range of different genealogical structure that will characterize the entire population.
Conclusions. Formation of the bank and its functioning is not only the accumulation and cryopreservation of genetic material of all kinds of animals, and in ensuring the implementation of scientific programs to maintain the diversity and specificity of gene pool facilities and breeding, biotechnology and other scientific research.
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Gladiy, M. V., S. I. Kovtun, and M. G. Porkhun. "ANDRIY PETROVYCH KRUGLYAK – FAMOUS SCIENTIST AND PRACTITIONER IN THE FIELD OF SELECTION AND REPRODUCTION OF FARM ANIMALS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 62 (December 8, 2021): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.62.02.
Full textAbstract:
On December 20, 2021, Andriy Petrovich Kruglyak, a well-known scientist and leading researcher of the Department of Cattle Breeding of the Institute of Animal Breeding nd. a. M.V.Zubets of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, will turn 80 years old. The jubilee was born in the village of Kupchyntsi, Illinetsky district, Vinnytsia region, into a peasant family. In 1962 he graduated from the Illinetsky Agricultural Technical School, worked as a zootechnician-manager of a cattle farm of the Kamyanogirsky sugar factory of the Illinetsky district of the Vinnytsia region.
After serving in the Soviet Army he studied at the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy: 1965–1970 – a student of the Faculty of Zootechnics, 1970–1972 – an intern at the Department of Farm Animal Breeding, where he worked under the guidance of Professors I. V. Smirnov and M. A. Kravchenko, 1972–1974 – graduate student of the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy.
In 1974 he defended his dissertation "Age features of the reproductive capacity of bulls in connection with the types of higher nervous activity" in the specialty 06.02.01 – breeding and selection of farm animals. He was awarded the title of senior researcher in 1980.
1974–1976 – senior researcher at the Central Research Station for Artificial Insemination of Farm Animals. Since 1976, the scientific activity of A. P. Kruglyak is connected with the Ukrainian Research Institute of Breeding and Artificial Insemination of Cattle (now the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS of Ukraine), where he holds the position of senior researcher, head of the laboratory for reproduction of farm animals, and since 1996 – the laboratory for breeding red-white cattle and gene pool of breeds (now the department of Selection of Cattle).
The scientific's research is aimed at further development of the breed process through the effective use of the world's best gene pool and improver breeders of domestic breeds, improvement of biotechnology methods for reproduction of farm animals and conservation of genetic resources of farm animals.
On the initiative of A. P. Kruglyak in 1975, as a basis for the accelerated breeding of domestic dairy and beef breeds, technological and organizational method of conservation and rational use of local and endangered domestic breeds, the Bank of Genetic Resources of Cattle at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Breeding and Artificial Insemination of Cattle (t-n Brovary) was created, which concentrated the genetic material of prominent bulls of 50 breeds and breed combinations of the world. The operation of this bank has ensured the accelerated breeding of dairy and beef breeds of cattle in Ukraine through the effective use of the best world gene pool of specialized breeds on all improved breeds of the country as a whole and preservation of local gene pool of local Gray Ukrainian and White-headed Ukrainian breeds.Due to the accelerated implementation of scientific developments of scientists of the institute in selection using genetic material of the gene pool bank, at the personal request of A. P. Kruglyak, the bank of genetic resources was awarded the status of National Heritage (order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine from August 19, 2002 № 472-r.).
With the consent of NAAS and the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine in 2003–2007, A. P. Kruglyak headed the selection center "Genetic Resources". With his direct participation, the best in Europe breeding and technological center in cattle breeding has been built and the selection work, of which is aimed at improving dairy and beef breeds of cattle, was organized.
From 2007 to 2011 he worked as a leading researcher at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, and from 2014 to the present – a leading researcher at the Department of Cattle Breeding of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS of Ukraine.
Andriy Petrovich is a co-author of the first domestic specialized dairy – Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, its central, Carpathian intrabreed, Kyiv and Bukovyna factory types and 10th factory bloodlines.
Dairy productivity of cows of the active part of the population for 305 days of the last completed lactation in 2020 was 7174 kg, and in the 12 best herds – 10.0–12.0 thousand kg, which corresponds to the level of productivity of cows in the most developed countries. During the last 10, creative collective of Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. М.V.Zubets of NAAS of Ukraine and specialists of breeding plants of experience economies of NAAS of Ukraine state plant "Khrystynivske", "Nyva", "Hontarivka, the own plant "Agroecologija", LTD plant "Krok-Ukrzalizbud", LTD plant "Kolos", "Bohdanivske", breeding enterprises LTD plant "The Genetic resources", LTD "The Ukrainian genetic company", JSC "Poltavaplemservis" and PSC SPC "Progress", under scientifically-methodical guidance of Andriy Petrovich works on the leadingout of new high-performance protein- fet- dairy Leader 1926780 bloodline in the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed, that now ratified Ministry development economy, trade, and agriculture (order № 2121 from 06.01.2021) as a breeding achievement in stock-breeding.
He has prepared a number of original works on biotechnology of cattle breeding: is a co-author of recommendations for breeding, use and evaluation of bulls in complexes, instructions for grading cattle of dairy and dairy-beef breeds, artificial insemination of farm animals, developed a two-stage method of sperm thawing, long-term storage of thawed bull semen and native boar semen at positive temperatures, using the method of hypobiosis, developed and implemented at the Institute of Fisher Economy of NAAS of Ukraine method of freezing fisher gamets.
A. P.Kruglyak's scientific achievements include more than 370 publications, including monographs, programs on breeding new breeds and types of cattle, reproduction of farm animals and preservation of the gene pool of breeds, sire catalogs, state books of breeding animals of cattle, articles in collections and periodicals, abstracts of reports, etc. Scientific achievements are protected by 17 copyright certificates and patents.
Andriy Petrovich is a co-executor of international projects on selection and reproduction of animals, which were carried out together with scientists and practitioners from Canada, the USA, Switzerland and Poland.A. P. Kruglyak has long been a member of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine and the Academic Council of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS of Ukraine, a member of the editorial board of the scientific collection "Animal Breeding and Genetics" (1991–2006).
Under the leadership of A. P. Kruglyak, 4 candidates of agricultural sciences, 16 graduates of the zootechnical faculty of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and more than 2,000 livestock specialists were trained. For the last 40 years he has been giving a course of lectures on selection and biotechnology of reproduction of farm animals at the School of Advanced Training of Livestock Specialists (t-n. Brovary).
In 1993, A. P. Kruglyak was awarded the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology for the development of methods and breeding of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of cattle.
By the decision of the Presidium of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine A. P. Kruglyak was awarded a memorable anniversary medal "100 years of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine". The Presidium of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and the staff of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS of Ukraine sincerely congratulate dear Andriy Petrovich and wish him good health, creative longevity and further success in the scientific field!
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Nelson Wekha, Wafula, Nicholas Kibet Korir, Moses Siambi, Henry F. Ojulong, and Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango. "Agromorphological Performance and Character Association of Finger Millet under Varying Phosphorus Regimes." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 1 (February 24, 2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v5i1.10809.
Full textAbstract:
Finger millet production on more than 30% of world arable land is limited by P availability and more than 70% in the semi-arid and marginalized areas which covers most of the Sub-Saharan Africa. Phosphorus is one of the most important elements significantly affecting plant growth and metabolism. Three finger millet varieties (U-15, P-224 and Ikhulule) were evaluated under four P fertilizer levels (0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5) at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Station, Alupe and the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Station, Kakamega during the long and short rainy seasons of 2015 with the aim of determining their agromorphological response and trait associations. The on-station experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design in factorial arrangement with three replications. The statistical analysis of phosphorus levels and variety exhibited significant differences (P<0.05) to stand vigor, plant height, leaf blade length, number of leaves and lodging. The results revealed that application of 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate led to the tallest plants (65.0 cm), longest leaf blades (58.0 cm) and highest number of leaves per plant (16) at Alupe site while 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate eliciting the tallest plants (58.79 cm), longest leaf blades (51.44 cm) and highest number of leaves per plant (13) at Kakamega site. The highest rate led to the greatest vigor in both sites for both seasons while the control had the poorest vigor. Variety P-224 showed the highest lodging count with 32 out of 246 plants per experimental unit during the rainy season at Kakamega. The unit increase in grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with increased values of the harvest index (r=0.375), number of leaves (r=0.393) and plant height (r=0.431) but negatively and significantly correlated to the 1000-grain mass (r=-0.578) and lodging (r=-0.233). The best phosphorus treatment for most of the parameters was 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 at Alupe while maximum levels of the study parameters were realized under the 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate at Kakamega.
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Félix-Fuentes, José Luis, Guillermo Fuentes-Dávila, Ivón Alejandra Rosas-Jáuregui, Juan Manuel Cortés-Jiménez, Alma Angélica Ortiz-Avalos, and José Eliseo Ortiz-Enríquez. "Evaluation of advanced bread wheat lines for yield components during season 2019-2020." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 3 (July 29, 2021): 4652–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n3-064.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted with seven advanced bread wheat lines to determine grain yield, a thousand grain weight, grain length, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, spike length and spike weight, at the Norman E. Borlaug Experimental Station in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, during the 2019-2020 crop season. Plots were 100 m long on three beds, 0.80 m apart, with two rows, and three replications; seed density was 100 kg/ha. Sowing date was December 14, 2019. Experimental lines were generated by the Global Wheat Program from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, and they are candidates for commercial release by the National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research in Mexico. Genotypes BORL14*2/5/ATTILA/3*BCN*2//BAV92/3/ KIRITATI/WBLL1/4/DANPHE, BORL14*2//MUNAL#1/FRANCOLIN#1, and PREMIO /4/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(205)//KAUZ/3/PIFED/5/BORL14, showed the highest grain yield with 7.1, 7, and 6.9 t/ha, respectively, which can compete with current bread wheat cultivars in southern Sonora, Mexico, like Borlaug 100. The third line also showed the highest a thousand grain weight, grain length, grain weight per spike, and spike weight.
RESUMEN
Se realizó un estudio con siete líneas avanzadas de trigo pan para determinar el rendimiento de grano, peso de mil granos, longitud de grano, peso de grano por espiga, número de granos por espiga, longitud de espiga y peso de espiga, en la Estación Experimental Norman E. Borlaug en el Valle del Yaqui, Sonora, México, durante la temporada de cultivo 2019-2020. Las parcelas tuvieron una longitud de 100 m en tres camas, separadas 0.80 m, con dos hileras y tres repeticiones; la densidad de semilla fue de 100 kg/ha. La fecha de siembra fue el 14 de diciembre de 2019. Las líneas experimentales fueron generadas por el Programa Global de Trigo del Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo, y son candidatas a ser liberadas comercialmente por el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias de México. Los genotipos BORL14*2/5/ATTILA/3*BCN*2//BAV92/3/ KIRITATI/WBLL1/4/DANPHE, BORL14*2//MUNAL#1/FRANCOLIN#1, y PREMIO /4/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(205)//KAUZ/3/PIFED/5/BORL14, mostraron el mayor rendimiento de grano con 7. 1, 7 y 6.9 t/ha, respectivamente, que pueden competir con los cultivares actuales de trigo pan en el sur de Sonora, México, como Borlaug 100. La tercera línea también mostró el mayor peso de mil granos, longitud de grano, peso de grano por espiga y peso de espiga.
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Kelemu, S., S. Niassy, B. Torto, K. Fiaboe, H. Affognon, H. Tonnang, N. K. Maniania, and S. Ekesi. "African edible insects for food and feed: inventory, diversity, commonalities and contribution to food security." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2014.0016.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reviews entomophagy as practised in Africa within the context of food and nutritional security by providing an inventory of the various species of insects that are consumed on the continent and suggests a research for development (R4D) agenda for sustainable utilisation of insects for food and feed. Our survey showed that over 470 species of insects are eaten in Africa. The Central African region remains the most important hotspot of having a culture of entomophagy. The insects mostly eaten in the continent are dominated by the orders Lepidoptera, Orthoptera and Coleoptera. Commonalities were observed across the majority of the insects consumed across Africa, providing opportunities for related R4D activities. An R4D agenda and pathways for using edible insects suggest that socio-economics and marketing studies should address issues of communities’ perceptions, based on their cultural background, income and beliefs. Cost-effective rearing, harvesting and processing technologies are required to prevent depletion and ecological perturbations while ensuring continuous availability of insect-based products. Indigenous reports assert that some edible insects harbour medicinal properties; thus, the need to undertake nutritional and bioactive chemical characterisation of main edible insects along the value chain and to investigate food safety issues such as diseases, allergies, and toxicological and chemical hazards. The use of insects for waste conversion into animal feed and fertiliser requires judicious choice of substrate in view of concerns regarding contaminant loads and pathogens occurrence. Responding to these research needs and opportunities, icipe has recently established an Insects for Food, Feed and Other Uses Programme with well-defined work packages oriented towards attainment of its Vision and Strategy 2013-2020 document, with a strong orientation towards R4D and a focus on activities that lead to adoption and impact on end users, through broad based complementary linkages and partnerships with agriculture and livestock extension services, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and advanced research institutes, non-governmental organisations and the private sector.
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Szucs, T., E. Raizman, A. Rozstalnyy, Yu P. Polupan, N. L. Rieznykova, Y. S. Vysochanskii, and S. V. Pryima. "THE RESULTS OF WORK PROJECT TCP/RER/3604 “CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL-PURPOSE CATTLE BREEDS IN EASTERN EUROPE”." Animal Breeding and Genetics 65 (July 3, 2023): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.21.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Brown Carpathian cattle is the breed of world heritage with its valuable triats of adaptability to specific environment, quality of milk and cheese of it. That's why the International Organization FAO was interested in the facilitating the conservation of it. Since 2017 there was initiated the project TCP/RER/3604, which aimed the conservation of some local brown dairy breeds of Eastern Europe. Three countries participated in the project: Ukraine, Georgia and Armenia.
Research materials and methods. Work on the project in each of the countries was carried out according to the work plan defined by the contract: during the field work, the employees of the service provider (the institution designated to carry out work under the contract in the country) had to visit at least 100 farms of Brown Carpathian cattle (or Brown Caucasian in other participating countries), collect information on 300 cows and 20 bulls and their productive environment and collect genetic samples from at least 100 unrelated cows and 20 bulls.
The basis for assigning animals to the breed was a phenotypic examination and compliance with the main features of the breed: uniform color, a lighter belt along the back, a black nose mirror with light hair around it, black hoof horn and tips of the horns, lighter "glasses" around the eyes, thick lighter ear hair shells.
To form a genetic passport of the population, hair was collected from the tail of the selected phenotypically animals using equipment provided by FAO and sent to the laboratories of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Austria. DNA was extracted from the samples obtained in the laboratory in the Siebersdorf district, where the genetic diversity of the populations, the degree of inbreeding and the effective number of populations, the kinship between the populations, and the genetic structure and the level of influence of other breeds were evaluated.
In general, during February-June 2019, scientists of M.V. Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and other contracting organizations examined 265 heads of adult cattle from 31 villages in 5 districts of the Transcarpathian region, phenotypically assigned to the Brown Carpathian breed, among which there were 6 breeding bulls of mating age (1.5–2 years). Each animal was photographed, linear and descriptive features of the exterior were evaluated, the necessary body measurements were taken with the help of appropriate tools, live weight and constitutional features were determined, and samples were taken for genetic testing.
Research results. The analysis of the genetic parameters of the diversity of populations shows a rather low inbreeding coefficient of Brown Carpathian breed and a rather high effective population size compared to European breeds, which, as the authors of the report note, may be the evidence of a rather limited practice of using artificial insemination and indicates the absence of selection among bulls.
To estimate the share of influence of the Swiss breed onto the studied populations, the coefficient of the "blood share" of the Swiss breed in the Brown Carpathian and Brown Caucasian populations was calculated. More than 90% of the cattle in these three populations had less than 25% Swiss breed heredity. When analyzing the Kostromska breed population, which was taken for comparison, the presence of Swiss breed genes was noted at the level of 50–62.5%.
On the basis of genomic analysis of populations, consultations with project participants, reports of service providers of each country, an international consultant on animal genetic resources, Krista Egger-Danner, head of the ICAR working group on functional traits, formed a selection program for the studied populations. The selection program included proposals for further selection work, calculation of the main selection and genetic parameters, the effect of selection, the number of bulls and heifers for the selection nucleus, the number of doses to maintain the genetic diversity, the cost of restoring the population, establishing the breeding work of the selection center, and a work plan for 5 years.
The formation of the breeding program for the Brown Carpathian breed in Ukraine was based on the data of the previous expedition survey of the mountainous and foothill regions of the Transcarpathian region: Volovetskyi, Mizhhirskyi, Rakhivskyi, partially Tyachivskyi and Khustskyi. In order to find the lowland type, the animals of the Uzhhorod, Mukachiv, Berehiv and Vynohradiv districts were examined. During the expedition survey, a general idea of the situation in the breed and the availability of livestock was formed.
According to surveys of farmers who keep the Brown Carpathian breed in Ukraine, the yield of animals of this breed for the first lactation varies within 10 kg per day, for the higher one – 13 kg, the percentage of fat according to separate individual measurements during the project – 3.65–3.72%.
The importance of breeding records (to reduce costs, according to the ICAR “B” method) with the maintenance of a centralized database, the exchange of information with farmers and the connection of relevant laboratories for quality assessment is given a separate place in the selection program, as the only quality records make the breeding work with the herd possible at all and the work on identifying record cows in particular. Regular visits by the monitoring organization to check indicators are also important. Productivity recording for the studied populations was not established in any of the participating countries. In Ukraine - due to the lack of breeding herds of the studied breed and in the vast majority of cases, the lack of cooperation between dairy products manufacturing, laboratories and farms, which has not been established.
An expedition survey in Ukraine under the project proved the possibility of forming farms from the point of view of the presence of promising genetic resources of livestock, enterprising owners and premises. However, further support for the establishment of this work and a centralized organization are necessary.
For a more complete characterization of the population during the survey, the responsibilities of service providers included surveying farmers regarding the conditions of functioning of the breeds and their productive environment, the socio-economic status of the owners, the role and employment of women, men and children in the performance of daily work, weak and strong sides of this livestock, etc.
The data of previous studies proved that 28% of the entire labor force employed in agriculture is employed in the production of agricultural livestock products in Ukraine. The average size of the family engaged in farm serving, as the survey testified is 3.6 in Ukraine.
An analysis of the engagement of men and women in daily farm maintenance revealed that both men and women are involved in daily operations depending on the season and availability (often one is employed abroad) and take care of livestock.
Conclusions. FAO funds initiated and facilitated a massive survey of Brown Carpathian cattle was carried out in Ukraine, the number of cattle of the breed was assessed, hair samples with hair follicles from the tail were taken, and the productive environment of the cattle was evaluated according to a questionnaire formed by international experts.
For the genetic analysis of the samples, a total of 554 hair samples were selected, the genetic diversity of the populations was assessed and compared with some European dairy breeds.
The analysis of the genetic diversity of the populations proved a rather low inbreeding coefficient of the Brown Carpathian breed and a rather high effective population size compared to European breeds.
Analysis of genetic differentiation and kinship between populations, principle component analysis and determination of admixture of other breeds proved the uniqueness of the Brown Carpathian breed from a genetic point of view.