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Journal articles on the topic 'International Monetary Fund. Georgia (Republic)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Papava, V. ""Rosy" Mistakes of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in Georgia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 3 (March 20, 2009): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2009-3-143-152.

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The paper is devoted to the analysis of failures, characteristic of the activities of Bretton-Woods institutions in Georgia after 2004. Their experts systematically overlooked the existence of non-budgetary accounts, violation of property rights, restriction of competition, manipulations with statistical data, weakening of the National Bank of Georgia, unnecessary issue of Eurobonds, poor tax policy etc. The case of Georgia may prove the necessity of reforming international financial institutions.

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2

Marková, Jana. "The Position of the Czech Republic at the International Monetary Fund." Český finanční a účetní časopis 2014, no. 3 (2014): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.cfuc.411.

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3

Beridze, Lasha. "THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS IN STIMULATING THE ECONOMY." Economic Profile 17, no. 1(23) (2022): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2022.23.08.

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The role of international financial institutions is recognized in the modern world and even today the global world depends on the finances of financial organizations, because they play a major role in the accumulation, availability and distribution of finance, and some international financial organizations help publicly And has become an essential aid component at the modern stage, especially during the Kovid-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict. International financial organizations are often cited as the world's most powerful agents of economic reform (Halliday and Carruthers, 2007:11

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Dzotsenidze, Tsitsino. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MONETARY POLICY OF EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND GEORGIA." Economic Profile 17, no. 1(23) (2022): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2022.23.16.

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Relevance of the study: Central banks exert their influence on the economy by changing the money supply using appropriate instruments in a free financial market. The combination of these tools gives us the operational framework of the National Bank. Aim of the research: to study the instruments (operational framework) of monetary policy regulation of Georgia, Moldova and Montenegro, to identify problems and to find ways to solve them. Research Methods: Use of comparative analysis method based on the database of the National Bank of Georgia, Geostat and the International Monetary Fund. The impa

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PAPAVA, VLADIMER. "On the Role of the International Monetary Fund in the Post-Communist Transformation of Georgia." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 39, no. 5 (2003): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2003.11052551.

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Metea, Ileana-Gentilia. "Cyprus, an Unresolved Issue of the European Union." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 24, no. 1 (2018): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2018-0021.

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Abstract The Republic of Cyprus is an island from the extreme north of the Mediterranean Sea, is situated at the intersection of Europe, Asia and Africa, 75 km south of Turkey, 105 km west of Syria, 300 km north of Egypt and 800 km east of Greece. As a state form, it is a presidential republic, and is part of the European Union (since May 2004) the Euro Zone (2008), the World Trade Organization - WTO (1995), the International Monetary Fund (1962) 1962), the Council of Europe (1961), the Commonwealth (1961). Cyprus has an unresolved internal situation for a long time

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Kosowska, Katarzyna. "Bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne Republiki Białoruś w dobie kryzysu polityczno-gospodarczego lat 2020-połowa 2021." Roczniki Nauk Sppołecznych 13(49), no. 3 (2021): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rns21493.8.

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Republic of Belarus begins the third decade of the 21st century with numerous problems, which include the unstable socio-political situation, broken dialogue and relations with the international environment, and Western sanctions. All these factors have caused a lot of turbulence in the Belarusian economy. This article is an attempt to examine the economic security of Belarus in the period of the depletion of the current economic model, the reduction of Russian energy subsidies, the Covid-19 pandemic and the political crisis resulting from the rigged presidential elections in August 2020. Data

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Romanchuk, Ekaterina. "IMF Assistance To Uzbekistan In Overcoming The Problems Of The Socio-Economic Model Of Development." Obshchestvo i ekonomika, no. 3 (2023): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020736760024669-4.

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For a long time, the leadership of Uzbekistan adhered to a socio-economic model with a focus on import-substituting industrialization and gradual liberalization of the financial sector. As a result of this approach, the country&apos;s interaction with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other international financial organizations was limited by a number of issues on which the vision of the Uzbek leaders coincided with the views of the experts of these institutions on the ways of developing the national economy of the republic. However, as soon as the Government of the Republic of Uzb

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Abduraufov, Dilshod Muhammadi O'gli. "UZBEKISTAN'S LARGE-SCALE REFORMS WITH THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 8 (2023): 162–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8268225.

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One of the priority goals of the Republic of Uzbekistan is to establish friendship, bilateral strategic partnership and comprehensive relations with the countries of the world. Similarly, with the United States of America. Uzbekistan and the USA are members of a number of international organizations, including the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Uzbekistan is a member of the "Cooperation for Peace" organization of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and an observer of the World Trade Organ

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Selinić, Slobodan. "Zapadni krediti Jugoslaviji 1980. godine: Na putu bez povratka." Tokovi istorije 32, no. 1 (2024): 225–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31212/tokovi.2024.1.sel.225-254.

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The importance of external debt emerged as a critical component of Yugoslavia’s crisis in the late 1970s and early 1980s.The article comprehensively examines the underlying factors contributing to the accumulation of significant debt, analyzes the government’s reactive measures to address the financial situation, and looks at the state-level strategic initiatives undertaken by the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1980. These attempts sought to protect external liquidity by obtaining extra loans from prominent Western nations, engaging with the International Monetary Fund (IMF

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Stupachev, Sergey. "ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FROM INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS OF MOLDOVA." Economy and Sociology, no. 1 (August 2022): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2022.1-03.

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The article considers the financial assistance of international financial institutions (the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank) to the Republic of Moldova in their partnership process. The relevance of the study is determined by the objective need to use this financial assistance to solve urgent financial and economic problems and implement an effective economic policy of Moldova. The purpose of the article is to analyze the financial assistance of International Financial Institutions to Moldova, to assess the current state and prospects for developing their financial relations. Th

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12

Giorgi Mamulashvili, Giorgi Mamulashvili, and Tinatin Iashvili Tinatin Iashvili. "Local Labor Market and Employment with Vocational Education." Economics 105, no. 03 (2022): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3/2022-118.

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One of the crucial factors for accelerating the economic growth of any country is the efficient functioning of the labor market. In parallel with stimulating the private sector, it is necessary to saturate the employment market with highly qualified staff and take a number of measures to do so. As a result of business-oriented economic reforms and macroeconomic stability, Georgia has achieved significant economic growth in recent years. Despite the fact that the country is facing constant challenges and economic shocks have been observed in the region in recent years, it must be said that Geor

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Raupp, Edward R. "Forecasting Georgia Economic Growth 2020-2030." Caucasus Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 1 (2023): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.62343/cjss.2019.182.

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Firms, households, government agencies, and non-government organizations rely on forecasts when making decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources. This paper develops evidence-based forecasts for key macroeconomic variables for the Republic of Georgia. Sources of data include the International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook, The World Bank, and others. We use, primarily, exponential smoothing models generated by the statistical application Forecast Pro 100 to generate forecasts with 95 percent confidence limits. Finally, recognizing the high degree of uncertainty associated

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Kagazbaeva, E. M., та М. К. Axakalova. "Қытайдың монетарлық саясаты: Қазақстан үшін тәжірибе". BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 138, № 1 (2022): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2022-138-1-68-78.

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This article analyzes the monetary policy of the Central Bank of China and the impact of its individual instruments on economic growth. The economic and political problems affecting the monetary policy of Kazakhstan are considered. The purpose of the scientific article is to identify the features of the monetary mechanism for the development of the Chinese economy, to study innovative tools of China’s monetary policy, and to develop practical recommendations for improving the monetary policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. China does not seek to copy global trends in monetary policy, but makes

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Ezeabasili, Ifeoma Ethel. "Cross Border Migration and Unemployment in Nigeria and Benin Republic, 1999-2020." International Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development 3, no. 1 (2023): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijpid.1303.

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Purpose: This paper explored nexus between the cross-border migration and unemployment in Nigeria and the Benin Republic comparatively between 1999 and 2020. Methodology: The study adopted classical migration theory as the theoretical framework and data were sourced from the secondary Sources such as; Journal articles, bulletin, newspaper the United Nations, World Bank development index, International Monetary Fund, and international organizations for migration. The data collated were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient. Findings: The findings

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Griffith, Ivelaw L. "The Military and the Politics of Change in Guyana." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 33, no. 2 (1991): 141–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165833.

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The death of forbes burnham in August 1985 and the passing of power to Hugh Desmond Hoyte have produced dramatic changes in Guyana, South America's only English-speaking republic. Some of these have involved: (1) privatization of the public sector, (2) abolition of overseas voting, (3) negotiations with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), (4) rapprochement with the United States, plus (5) an agreement that observers — including former President Jimmy Carter and representatives from the London-based Commonwealth Secretariat—are being invited to oversee the upcoming elections scheduled for ei

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Sambiri, B. B., N. C. Mutai, and S. Kumari. "Understanding the Republic of Malawi’s trade dynamics: A Bayesian gravity model approach." Review of Business and Economics Studies 12, no. 3 (2024): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2024-12-3-28-39.

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International trade enables countries to expand their markets, access more products, improve resource allocation, and boost economic growth by leveraging comparative advantage and specialization. The aim of this article is to analyze the primary factors that influence Malawi’s international trade flows. The study is relevant because it examines Malawi’s trade patterns with its main partners, which include surrounding nations and traditional trade allies. The novelty is that, through the analysis, the research offers valuable insights into the primary factors that influence Malawi’s internation

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18

Blache, David. "Guinea." High-Level Summary Technical Assistance Reports 2025, no. 028 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229015660.029.

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The report outlines the efforts of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to assist the Central Bank of the Republic of Guinea (BCRG) in operationalizing a special resolution regime (SRR) for credit institutions. This initiative addresses the deficiencies in Guinea's financial safety net, which currently lacks a comprehensive resolution framework. The project involved enhancing staff capacity and developing resolution tools like partial sale and bridge institution. Key findings highlight the need for increased staffing and expertise, while recommendations focus on establishing a resolution func

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19

Barburska, Olga. "Stanowisko głównych aktorów zewnętrznych wobec Partnerstwa Wschodniego Unii Europejskiej." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 17, no. 2 (2019): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2019.2.6.

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The Eastern Partnership (EaP) is undoubtedly a key project of the European Union’s eastern policy. It is being implemented by the EU in cooperation with six partner countries, three of which (Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova) are more committed to establishing integration ties with the EU, while others are more restrained. The article tries to show that the functioning of EaP is influenced not only by its direct implementers, but also by various external actors. The most important of these are global and regional powers such as Russia, the United States, Turkey and China, as well as international

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20

Mbaye, El Hadji. "Program Against Cancer in Congo, Republic." International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews 7, no. 1 (2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/119.

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Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase new cancer cases per year by 2035 in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of lives could be saved each year if countries made use of existing knowledge and the best cost-effective methods to prevent and treat cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate a provisional budget against cancer in low and middle incomes countries, according the GNI-PPP, the cancer incidence

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21

Tolmaciova, Irina, and Corina Causan. "Impact of the current medical system on the financial stability of world countries and the Republic of Moldova." Economica, no. 3(117) (October 2021): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/econ.2021.117.120.

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The economic crises that have occurred worldwide so far have been caused by emerging problems arising from the supply-demand correlation for certain products on the world market. However, the current economic crisis has been caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic. The greatest difficulty has been the impossibility of predicting the crisis that has arisen as a result of the need to introduce urgent restrictive measures to combat the pandemic. The devastating consequences of the crisis caused by COVID-19 were the halt of the world economy and the decline in Global Production, which was recorded

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Tolmaciova, Irina, and Corina Causan. "Impact of the current medical system on the financial stability of world countries and the Republic of Moldova." Economica, no. 3(117) (October 2021): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/econ.2021.117.120.

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The economic crises that have occurred worldwide so far have been caused by emerging problems arising from the supply-demand correlation for certain products on the world market. However, the current economic crisis has been caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic. The greatest difficulty has been the impossibility of predicting the crisis that has arisen as a result of the need to introduce urgent restrictive measures to combat the pandemic. The devastating consequences of the crisis caused by COVID-19 were the halt of the world economy and the decline in Global Production, which was recorded

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23

Smith, Anna N. "Foreign Aid and Development in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: An Analysis of International Barriers to Development." Perceptions 4, no. 2 (2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15367/pj.v4i2.110.

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The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) remains one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world. Despite its abundance of natural resources, it has failed to develop and maintain political stability since its decolonization in 1960. With its unstable and corrupt government, the DRC’s primary source of fiscal investment comes from foreign aid, from both International Organizations (IOs), like the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, as well as International Non-Governmental Organization (INGOs). In this paper I examine how the role of international aid from The World Bank, I

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Feschenko, S. "Development of labeling institute in supply chains." Science and Innovations, no. 7 (August 15, 2024): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1818-9857-2024-07-37-42.

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Based on data from the International Monetary Fund, an analysis of the volumes and dynamics of foreign trade of the Republic of Belarus from 1992 to 2022 was carried out. It was determined that in recent years the closest trade relations have been developed with the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. The inclusion of our country in the trade turnover of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) was demonstrated. The concept of “mark” in the regulatory legal acts of the Union and the Republic of Belarus (Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic U

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Shkolnyk, Inna, Eugenia Bondarenko, and Myroslav Ostapenko. "Investor compensation fund: an optimal size for countries with developed stock markets and Ukraine." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 3 (2017): 404–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(3-2).2017.10.

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A compensation fund is an effective mechanism for ensuring the protection of individual investors’ investments on the stock market, which confirms the experience of different countries both with the developed stock market and with the emerging markets (USA, UK, France, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Ireland, Malta).The formation of a steady interest of individual investors in stock market instruments is stimulated by the implementation of a mechanism for guaranteeing such investments. The stock market of Ukraine faces the problem of attracting additional financing, while individual investors have f

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Rumatiga, Hidayat. "PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT DALAM PERDAGANGAN BAHAN PANGAN DIKAITKAN DENGAN UU NO. 5 TAHUN 1999." JURNAL ILMIAH LIVING LAW 13, no. 1 (2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jill.v13i1.4201.

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In Indonesia, the formulation of the Anti-Monopoly Law was motivated by an agreement between the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. However, the agreement with the IMF was not the only reason for drafting the law. Even though Indonesia already has an anti-monopoly law, it still practices monopoly in doing business. For example, the monopolistic practices carried out by 12 hen holding companies. sentenced to a total of Rp. 119.8 billion in fines to 11 companies that surpassed the chicken cartel. The verdict was handed down after the Commission Cou

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Ahiakpor, James C. W. "Rawlings, Economic Policy Reform, and the Poor: Consistency or Betrayal?" Journal of Modern African Studies 29, no. 4 (1991): 583–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0000567x.

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Flight-Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings has presided over two distinct types of régime as far as economic policy is concerned since the overthrow of the Third Republic at the end of 1981. The first was characterised by the extensive intrusion of the state, or by those claiming to act on its behalf, in directing economic activity, notably the sale of goods and services. The other, since 1983, has witnessed greater reliance on the market freedom of individuals in both production and exchange, largely consistent with the economic liberalism prescribed by the International Monetary Fund (I.M.F.). Most an

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Shojaei Arani, Said, and Shakour Pour Hossein. "Pathology of Poverty Reduction Policy in Iran; Emphasizing the Performance of the Islamic Council." Journal of Social-Political Studies of Iran's Culture and History 2, no. 3 (2023): 38–55. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.2.3.3.

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Poverty is a multi-dimensional social phenomenon that various factors are involved in its increase and decrease. On the other hand, poverty has different meanings and types, each of which has different effects, and they cannot all be reduced with one solution. Due to the multidimensional nature of poverty and the fact that various factors are involved in it, international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund recommend that a national Poverty Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers be developed to deal with it. Although in the Islamic Republic of Iran system, in the light of

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Tchitchinadze, Boris. "GEORGIA'S MACROECONOMIC CHALLENGES AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE WORLD PANDEMIC." Economic Profile 15, no. 20 (2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2020.20.02.

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The presented paper analyzes the economic situation in Georgia against the background of the world pandemic. The relevant statistical data on the high tax balance and dollarization ratio of Georgia are presented in detail. The article notes that Georgia did not have a good starting economic rate even before the Coronavirus pandemic, which creates a precondition for future problems. The paper focuses on the need for rapid economic reforms. The paper presents conclusions and recommendations on the measures to be taken by the government in the near future. If the recommendations presented by the

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Gockov, Gjorgji. "THE POLAK’S MONETARY MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION ON MACEDONIAN CASE." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 1 (2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij310117g.

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Macroeconomic stability is very important for each economy because it constitutes the basis of sustainable economic growth and development. It means stable prices with a low level of inflation (internal stability), a stable foreign exchange rate, a relatively low and sustainable current account deficit in the balance of payments and a solvent position in the external indebtedness of the economy (external stability). International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides financial support to countries that have problems with internal and external stability. The IMF approach to macroeconomic stabilization i

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Huang, Jingru. "South Korea: Becoming a Developed Nation Through Reforms and Macroeconomic Policies." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 141, no. 1 (2024): 37–43. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/2024.ga18918.

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In the 1960s, the Republic of Korea was one of the poorest countries in the world, yet in the 2000s, the country became classified as a developed country. This paper explores South Koreas transformation from a developing nation to a developed economy, emphasizing the role of strategic government policies, financial reforms, and the impact of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. The $58 billion bailout by the International Monetary Fund and subsequent reformscorporate restructuring, banking sector overhaul, and labor market adjustments through South Koreas Five-Year Planswere crucial in stabilizing

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Kenig, Eduard. "Evaluation of Financial Systems’ Parameters Determining their Development Level." Economica, no. 1(123) (May 2023): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/econ.2023.123.121.

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The article reveals and summarises the content of indicators for evaluating parameters of financial systems, considering the role and significance of financial systems for modelling economic development. In order to evaluate the quality of financial systems’ functioning the author applies indicators measuring depth of the financial sector, accessibility to financial products and services, efficiency of financial institutes and markets, financial stability. The main research methods used in the study are methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis. During the research, the author used the

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Dzadzua, Malkhaz. "THE NEW LAW ON MICRO BANKS AND WHAT IT WILL CHANGE IN THE FINANCIAL MARKET OF GEORGIA." Economic Profile 17, no. 2(24) (2022): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2022.24.11.

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Microfinance is the provision of financial services to low-income groups. By classical definition it contributes to the improvement of the socio-economic condition as well as financial self-sufficiency of the low-income costumer and improves their living standards. Today, microfinance institutions around the world serve up to 156 million borrowers and manage a loan portfolio of USD 187 billion (Impact Finance Barometer, 2022: 3). Formation of Georgian microfinance market began in the 1990s and was developed mainly with the same scenario as in Balkans, Eastern Europe and Central Asia. During th

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Hashani, Medain, Roberta Bajrami, and Kosovare Ukshini. "The impact of tax changes on the liquidity of construction companies in the developing market." Journal of Governance and Regulation 11, no. 2, special issue (2022): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i2siart3.

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Studies to date show that taxes have a very high impact on company liquidity (Law & Yuen, 2019; Drogalas, Lazos, Koutoupis, & Pazarskis, 2019). The International Monetary Fund (IMF, 2022) shows the need to release tax procedures and their monitoring in the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo law is such that it disables the timely liquidity of construction companies which has an impact on the reduction of construction companies’ projects. The main purpose of this paper is to describe the effects of changing the tax laws, namely the law on corporate income tax, personal income, and value-added t

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Dr., Austin Mwange, Bulaya Zena, Chisanga Maria, et al. "A Critical Review of Economic Policy Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Case of Zambia." Journal of Economics, Finance And Management Studies 5, no. 06 (2022): 1551–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6613025.

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The aim of this paper is to systematically review the economic interventions, measures, and policies that Zambia has implemented in the last four (4) years as a response to COVID 19. The methodology used involved drawing together secondary literature and evidence from a number of sources such as the World Bank (WB), UNCTAD, COMESA, International Monetary Fund, Ministry of Finance, Bank of Zambia (BOZ), and various African countries’ trade and national statistics publications. Findings revealed that organizations in Zambia implemented the global and national health Covid-19 guidelines tha

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BILIVOGUI, PIERRE, and FENG WENFANG. "The Financial Market and the Difficult Financing of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in The Republic of Guinea." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 4, no. 1 (2022): 412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2022.4.1.25.

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Generally regarded as a development priority because of their contribution to the fight against unemployment, which has plagued developing countries for decades, SMEs experience financial difficulties throughout their process, i.e., from the start-up process to the production stages and marketing. This difficulty of access to finance for SMEs is often questioned by our predecessors in management sciences and economics. In the Republic of Guinea, SME financiers are constantly faced with many problems in funding their activities. Through case study methodology and review of data and reports from

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Ezz, El-Din Ahmed Mohamed Al-Hajjaj. "The World Bank and its political role in its lending policy." international Jordanian journal for humanities and social since 3, no. 1 (2021): 136–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4633824.

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Abstract : This study sheds light on the role of the World Bank and the stages from which it started in its lending policies with clarification of the role of the World Bank's structures, its objectives, its regulatory mechanism, resources, quotas, voting power, decision-making mechanism, project financing stages, the importance of the relationship between the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund as well as the relationship Between the World Bank and the World Trade Organization and the political role of international financial institutions.The International Bank for Reconstructi

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Ibragimova, A. A., G. U. Makenova, and M. K. Tuleubayeva. "IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON CHANGING GLOBAL POVERTY RATES." Central Asian Economic Review, no. 5 (January 6, 2023): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2022-5-6-16.

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The purpose of this article is to study the impact of the global pandemic on the deterioration of social conditions, property inequality and changes in the poverty line. The solution of socio-economic problems around the world is connected with inclusive economic development.Methodology. Collection, processing and generalization of information when analyzing the reduction and elimination of global social inequality, changes in poverty as a result of pandemics, the amount of funding to ensure a minimum level of social protection in countries, common logical methods were used to analyze and comp

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Stevanović, Tatjana, Jelena Stanković, and Jovica Stanković. "Research on internal indicators of financial stability of insurance companies in the Republic of Serbia." Skola biznisa, no. 2 (2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/skolbiz2-27395.

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Dynamic changes in the insurance sector require a new system of performance measures, which enables monitoring of multiple business segments of insurance companies and meets the information requirements of a large number of different stakeholders. In this regard, in the Republic of Serbia a multidimensional system of performance measures is used - the CARMEL framework, made according to the methodology of the International Monetary Fund. Due to the fact that these indicators indicate the effectiveness of different business segments, the analysis of the performance of insurance companies cannot

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Khojayan, Karine. "TRANSFORMATION OF THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM ON THE EXAMPLE OF INTEGRATION ASSOCIATIONS." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 6, no. 2 (2022): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2022-6-2-199-207.

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The article analyzes the issue of transformation of the global development paradigm on the example of intergovernmental regional organizations, as one of the main actors of contemporary international relations. Within the framework of the current paradigm, starting from the period when the Yalta-Potsdam system of international relations was established, the dynamics of confrontations between international regional institutions, the change in this dynamics followed by collapse of the bipolar world order, are studied. The article touches upon the ongoing trends of transformation of the internati

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Zaman, Khalid. "Navigating the Perils of a Banana Republic: Lessons from Pakistan's Economic Crisis." Politica 1, no. 1 (2023): 33–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7715198.

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Banana republics have been a persistent phenomenon in developing countries facing socio-economic, environmental, and geopolitical issues. This study focuses on the economy of Pakistan, a developing country facing severe economic challenges. Due to high currency devaluation in terms of US$, Pakistan is on the brink of default. The strict policies of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) towards developing countries like Pakistan are preventing them from accessing dollars to stabilize their economic indicators. As a result, Pakistan is not receiving loans from neighbouring and foreign countries.

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Bidzinashvili, David. "THE IMPACT OF THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR ON GEORGIA'S ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." Economic Profile 17, no. 1(23) (2022): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2022.23.14.

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A global threat to food supplies has emerged in the wake of the Russia-Ukraine war. A number of developing countries are already pointing to shortages of basic consumer goods such as wheat, corn, buckwheat, sunflower. Food supply risks are significantly linked to and exacerbate global inflation, which began in the second half of 2021 amid a pandemic and is already approaching double-digit levels even in developed economies. Annual growth in consumer price indices last month was 8% in the US, the Eurozone, the UK and other developed economies, and as output price indices range in the 10-20% ran

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Uphlisashvili, Guram. "ON SOME PROBLEM ISSUES RELATED TO LIBERALIZATION OF THE TAX SYSTEM IN GEORGIA." Economic Profile 16, no. 1(21) (2021): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2021.21.04.

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The article looks into the phases of reforming the tax system of Georgia in term of its liberalization. Since the early 2000s, the tax system of Georgia has undergone a significant transformation. There were reduced both the number of taxes and tax rates. Anti-corruption measures were taken, the legal framework was improved, and tax services were changed over to e-services. Tax administration was considerably simplified, but also at the same time was strengthened. The level of fiscal discipline was increased. As a result, despite the seeming release of tax pressure, tax revenues for the treasu

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Mastilo, Zoran. "Economic Policy as a Determinant of Development and More Efficient Business Operation in the Republic of Srpska." Business and Management Studies 2, no. 4 (2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v2i4.2027.

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The Republic of Srpska needs a developing economic policy in order to make it a key determinant of more efficient business operation. The present economic policy is far from being like that, as it is more recession like given that it does not determine development yet. The economic policy of the Republic of Srpska has failed to perform its function years and especially for the incoming 2016, when, in addition to previous scope of welfare, which was defined as a target, it set to itself an additional goal to also finance pensions from the Budget in the coming period. The RS Government has gone

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Stojković, Radomir, and Slađan Milosavljević. "BRICS TENDENCIES TOWARDS REDEFINING THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC ORDER." SCIENCE International Journal 2, no. 4 (2023): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204007s.

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The paper analyzes the tendencies of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) as an informal block for the creation of a new global economic and political reality. Former superpowers and economies with the most pronounced growth trends are today gathered around a common idea - the creation of an alternative global order. Propagating their vision of the modern world, the BRICS member states seek to change the current constellation of forces at the global level, shift the center of world power from the Euro-Atlantic region and create functional multilateralism. Using the idea and conce

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Zhang, Jianjie, Zhipeng Zhang, and Aijun Yi. "Selection of Representative Countries in Sino-African Economic and Trade Research: An Analysis from a Logistics Perspective." Journal of Economics, Management and Trade 31, no. 3 (2025): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2025/v31i31274.

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Aims: As one of the most basic relations between China and African, economic relations are favored by the academic community. Based on the research of existing literature, this paper is mainly to provide a reference and data support for junior researchers who study the direction of Sino-African trade when selecting analysis samples. The possible marginal contributions of the paper include: a clearer understanding of the logistics capabilities of major African countries; provide more appropriate analysis samples; clarify the trade structure between China and Africa. Study Design: Using official

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Samarukha, Victor. "Changes in Financial and Industrial Policy in the Recent History of Russia." Baikal Research Journal 15, no. 2 (2024): 728–40. https://doi.org/10.17150/2411-6262.2024.15(2).728-740.

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Shown the main 4 stages of changes in the Russian economy during the transition to a market economy and a new technological structure, and changes in financial and industrial policy during radical economic reforms; at the first stage (1991–1999), the main directions of the economic policy of the Russian Federation, agreed with the International Monetary Fund, were implemented. It was concluded that the country's top leadership had no idea about the scale of destructive processes in the country's economy (for industry) at the first stage of radical economic reforms from the shock “jump into the

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Chingiz, Ismayilov. "Transformation of the conditions of socio-economic development of Azerbaijan in the post-pandemic period (by September 2020)." Journal of Geography, Politics and Society 10, no. 4 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/jpgs.2020.4.01.

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The global economic crisis and the spread of the pandemic virus in a short period have radically changed the world around people. The curtailment of production, the closure of different kinds of services, self-isolation, and the distribution of virtual contacts has become characteristic in the state of almost every country. Depending on the level of socio-economic development, not all countries are equally experiencing this difficult period of crisis in modern civilization. The spread of COVID-19 and the global economic crisis, accompanied by a sharp drop in oil prices, have had a significant

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Srinivasan, TN. "Trends and Impacts of Real and Financial Globalization in the People's Republic of China and India since the 1980s." Asian Development Review 30, no. 1 (2013): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00001.

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The dynamic process of integration of national economies has a long history, with two distinct waves: one, from the middle of the 19th century until its interruption with outbreak of the First World War in 1913 till the end of the Second World War in 1945. The second wave is ongoing dating from 1950. Two sub-processes of integration are usually distinguished. The first, called real integration related to flows of goods, services and factors across borders; the second called financial integration related to financial flows of claims on the nominal returns on financial assets. Financial integrat

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Medukhanova, L. A., A. T. Yerimpasheva, R. Ye Tarakbaeva, and P. M. Chabal. "The current state of Kazakhstan financial system: theoretical and practical aspects." Bulletin of "Turan" University, no. 3 (October 5, 2024): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2024-1-3-152-165.

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Against the backdrop of the global challenges of the current economic situation, the financial system of the Republic of Kazakhstan is becoming an important tool for ensuring the sustainable development of the national economy, acting as a factor in stimulating its growth. This study was undertaken to analyze the state of the national financial system based on theoretical principles that determine its structure and significance in financial development. The financial system of Kazakhstan mainly solves the problem of providing the national economy with financial resources and promoting economic

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