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Owusu, Victor Lord. "The Making of Development Policies and Plans : The Case of Ghana s relationship with the international monetary fund and the world bank." Thesis, Durham University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505887.
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Eduah, Gregory. "The Impact of the World Bank’s SAP and PRSP on Ghana: Neoliberal and Civil Society Participation Perspectives." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31487.
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Ghana’s government implemented the following World Bank programmes: SAP and PRSP. This thesis shows that SAP and PRSP have impacted Ghana in different ways. Sometimes SAP and PRSP worked. Other times both SAP and PRSP had problems and they did not work. SAP created more negative impacts or problems in Ghana than PRSP. The influence of neoliberalism on Ghana’s SAP cannot be ignored. This is because the tenets of neoliberalism include the withdrawal of government subsidies, high productivity, the cutting down of government expenditures or spending and privatization. The withdrawal of government subsidy was seen in the Education and Health sectors of Ghana. In the Education sector under SAP, the government cut down its subsidy to the Ghana Education Service. Then it introduced a programme called “Cost Sharing” in which students and their parents were asked to contribute to the payment of expenditures in providing education in Ghana. Many parents could not afford it, and this led to many school dropouts and a gap in the education of boys and girls. In the health sector, the Ghanaian government cut down its subsidy under SAP. It introduced the “Cash and Carry System,” in which Ghanaians were asked to contribute to the cost of health delivery services. This became a problem for many. Healthcare services became inaccessible for many Ghanaians as well. In the manufacturing sector, under SAP, the rate of productivity fell. Ghana’s products in the world market experienced volatility or fluctuations in prices. In the mining sector the influence of neoliberalism was on privatization. Based on this principle, the government privatized Ghana’s mining sector. It put in place policies that attracted investments into Ghana to do mining. These mining activities contributed significantly to Ghana’s economy. But these mining activities also caused the problem of dislocation of people, loss of farmlands, along with environmental and health problems. SAP had more negative impacts on Ghana. PRSP also impacted Ghana because it attempted to address the problems SAP created in many sectors, including Education, Health, mining, manufacturing sectors. I conclude by saying that although SAP made some contributions to Ghana’s economy especially in the mining sector, it created more problems in the Education, Health, Mining and Manufacturing sectors. PRSP attempted to address them. Thus it cannot be said that both SAP and PRSP impacted Ghana equally in a more positive way. But rather it can said that (1) SAP created more problems in Ghana and PRSP on the other hand attempted to address them.(2)The later developments taking place indicate that the civil society participation in PRSP is having an impact in Ghana.
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Saravia, Tamayo Diego. "International Monetary Fund programs and capital market access /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1579.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Kwakye, J. K. "IMF stabilisation programmes and developing countries : A case study of Ghana." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376778.
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Al-Ajlani, Riad. "Some issues regarding IMF and Third World relations." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261828.
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Darrow, Mac. "Between light and shadow : the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and international human rights law /." Oxford [u.a.] : Hart, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/364972661.pdf.
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George, Dion. "Perpetual Dependency: An Analysis of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the Relationship with the International Monetary Fund." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2019. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/172.
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This study examined the relationship between CARICOM governments and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The study focused on three research questions: (1) What do the CARICOM leadership and other stakeholders believe are the major reasons why they continue to rely on the financial assistance and intervention of the IMF? (2) Under which paradigm of development do these leaders and stake holders perceive their relationships with the IMF? (3) How do younger and older CARICOM citizens perceive the future growth of their countries, under the leadership of the IMF?
Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study to analyze the research questions; therefore, this study used a mixed-methods design. Research question one was analyzed using a qualitative design, while the second and third research questions used a quantitative analysis in the form of descriptive statistics. The analysis, which was limited to six interviews, contained 13 questions. Thematic analysis explored themes such as unique crafting of policies to meet challenges; rationale to undergo IMF programs; ability to meet domestic and international payment obligations; and most applicable economic paradigm to CARICOM. This study also examined the economic paradigms undergirding CARICOM leaders’ decision to use the International Monetary Fund in addressing the socioeconomic and political development issue of the region. The sample consisted of 49 participants.
The study concluded that the IMF policies are uniquely crafted to suit the specific CARICOM countries’ needs. These countries tend to invite the IMF interventions out of a sheer necessity and often are reluctant to do so. Yet, doing so provides access to additional funding and other resources that would likely have been otherwise unavailable. While the intent of the IMF programs is to eliminate the inefficient use of resources in these states, sometimes government spending can be impacted by its political nature and yield unintended consequences.
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Young, Eric Wight. "The International Monetary Fund and Social Safety Net Construction Failure in Indonesia 1997-1998." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32074.
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Throughout the International Monetary Fundâ s history it has been criticized for failing to address the negative impact its adjustment programs have on the poor in borrowing countries. This study examines the Fundâ s declared intention and actions regarding the construction of a social safety net in Indonesia from October 1997 until May 1998. A historical narrative using Constructivism as a theoretical framework is used to explain the relationship between the IMF, Suharto and the effect their interaction had on social safety net construction. This historical perspective reveals that rather than working towards building a social safety net, the Fundâ s main priority was the decentralization of Indonesian political and economic structures.Master of Arts
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Azrieli, Naomi. "Soviet economic diplomacy, 1941-1947." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324974.
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Hasdemir, Fatih. "The reform of the economies of developing countries under the influence of international financial institutions : the case of Turkey." Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318996.
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Gardner, Jennifer Lynn. "IMF Conditionality and Political Dissent in Developing Nations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42591.
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Conditionality refers to the program policies required by international institutions, such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), in order for countries to be eligible to receive access to resources provided by such institutions. In the case of the IMF these resources are available in the form of loans. The proper role of conditionality as a component of the Fundâ s financial arrangements with developing nations has been a topic of debate in both the political science and economic fields of study. On the political science side the argument has centered on whether or not austere and structural conditionality can in effect cause political dissent in the developing nations, and whether or not the process of conditionality violates the sovereign rights of nations. In this research study three Latin American countries (Brazil, Argentina, and Costa Rica) were utilized as case studies to try and determine whether or not their was a casual link between the implementation of IMF conditionality and instances of political dissent manifested as protests, riots, and strikes. Evidence of political dissent directly related to the implementation of IMF conditionality was found in all three case studies at varying levels. The instances of political dissent were then analyzed individually and as a group to try and determine specific cause, group dynamics, and the economic context in which they took place. The study concluded that as practiced in the 1990s and early 2000s conditionality can interfere with the democratic process in developing nations.Master of Arts
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Javed, Omer. "Essays on institutional quality, macroeconomic stabilization, and economic growth in International Monetary Fund member countries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/319439.
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This study is motivated by the overall poor performance of International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs in recipient countries in terms of economic growth consequences, and tries to explore the relevance of institutional determinants for economic growth in these program countries. The analysis, at the same time, also takes into consideration the claim by New Institutional Economics (NIE) literature, which points out an overall positive consequence of institutional quality determinants on economic growth for countries in general. Taking a panel data of IMF member countries, the thesis primarily focuses on the IMF program countries, during 1980-2009; a time period during which the number of IMF programs witnessed an increasing trend. Firstly, important determinants of economic- and political institutional quality in IMF program countries are estimated by applying the System- GMM approach, so as to find significant determinants among them. Here, a parliamentary form of government, aggregate governance level, civil liberties, openness, and property rights all enhance overall institutional quality. Specifically, greater monetary- and investment freedom are conducive for political institutional quality, while military in power impacts negatively. Moreover, economic growth is conducive for enhancing economic institutional quality. Thereafter, the impact of the significant institutional determinants is then estimated on real economic growth, both directly, and also indirectly, through the channel of macroeconomic stability. Results mainly validate that institutional determinants overall play a positive role in reducing macroeconomic instability, and through it, and also independently, enhance real economic growth. In the last part of the thesis, Pakistan is selected as a representative example of a frequent user of IMF resources. Here, by applying the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model techniques, various counterfactual scenarios are estimated for a period of 1980-2014, to see impact of an institutional determinant, KOF index of globalization on macroeconomic instability and real economic growth. Results highlight that through enhanced focus on institutional reduced, and hence higher growth rate of GDP can be achieved.
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Kim, Jung-Kwan. "Monetary policy and exchange rate during the Asian Crisis." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052187.
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Candelaria, Sedfrey Martinez. "State responsibility and international financial obligations : a case study of the International Monetary Fund stand-by arrangements with developing country members." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28824.
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Since the international debt crisis arose in 1982, various forms of debt relief measures have been applied by international creditors to alleviate the difficulties encountered by most developing countries in meeting their financial obligations. Renegotiation of external debts within the framework of official and private creditor clubs, however, has become the widely acceptable procedure in recent years. A sine qua non to this process is the entry by a debtor state into a stand-by arrangement
with the International Monetary Fund. Compliance with the terms of the stand-by arrangement is closely linked, either in a formal or informal manner, to the enforcement of bilateral loan rescheduling agreements with creditor governments and syndicated loan agreements with private commercial banks.
The crux of IMF financing is a commitment by a debtor state to implement economic policies aimed at improving the latter1s balance of payments position. However, the impact of these economic austerity measures upon the political stability of the debtor's government and the living standards of its citizens has generated an attitude of reluctance among the leaders of several developing countries to consult the IMF in accordance with current renegotiation procedures.
In this thesis, the writer will examine the salient legal and political issues arising from the practice of international creditors in using compliance with the terms of the IMF stand-by arrangement as a parallel condition under their loan agreements with a debtor state.
Three main arguments have been considered by this writer in
shedding light upon this study.
Firstly, the assumption that compliance with the terms of the IMF stand-by arrangement constitutes an international obligation is not in accord with the law and practice of the IMF. Any inference of breach entailing state responsibility, therefore, is unwarranted on account of the characterization of the IMF stand-by arrangement as a non-binding instrument.
Secondly, a debtor state experiencing extreme economic hardship may be justified under international law to take unilateral action having the effect of deviating from the stand-by arrangement provisions. It will be argued in particular that the principle of "freedom for payments" embodied in stand-by arrangements is subject to an exception applying the rule of a state of necessity under international
law.
Finally, it will be argued that the political sustainability of economic adjustment for debtor states through the stand-by arrangements could be enhanced by incorporating human rights principles as a juridical
standard for adjustment policies formulated in consultation with the IMF.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Gowen, Claire D. "IMF Conditionality and Armed Civil Conflict: An Analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08062007-155735/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Carrie L. Manning, committee chair; Scott E. Graves, Charles R. Hankla, committee members. Electronic text (49 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 3, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-49).
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Lahdenperä, Jori, and Shehzad Humayoun. "The International Monetary Fund (IMF) & World BankStructural Adjustment Programs : Review study of adjustment-aid theory." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9978.
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Monetary funding to developing countries is today accompanied by so called “Structural Adjustment Programs” (SAPs) imposed by the IMF and the World Bank, consisting of economical policy reforms that the countries have to undergo in order to be eligible for loans. The impact of these adjustment loans is widely criticized due to the negative effects observed. Our purpose is to investigate in depth why these adjustment programs have not delivered the expected results. We’ve found that there exist some undesirable consequences following SAP implementation that has a hindering effect on growth. These, combined with the complicate context in which the IMF and World Bank operates can be seen as the explanation for the adversity experienced.
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Petersmann, Hans Gerhard. "Financial assistance to developing countries : the changing role of the World bank and International monetary fund /." Genève : Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35013369s.
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REINPRECHT, LARISSA HELENA NARCISI. "ADJUSTMENT, MISADJUSTMENT AND READJUSTMENT: THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND IN THE WORLD FINANCIAL STABILIZATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19605@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRODesde sua criação em 1944, o Fundo Monetário Internacional já sofreu grandes crises de legitimidade; no entanto, após períodos de rejeição e limbo, a instituição sempre logrou renascer das cinzas; argumentar-se-á que esta aparente imortalidade do FMI é devida à capacidade da instituição de adequar-se aos novos ciclos normativos que emergem de crises financeiras. Esta capacidade se vincularia, por sua vez, à legitimidade da instituição relacionar-se à justificação de sua atuação em coerência com o propósito para o qual teria sido criada. Assim, se o discurso que emerge como consenso da análise das crises acusa a instituição de ter tido parte nas causas da instabilidade, o realinhamento do FMI à nova norma em ascensão pode resultar em mudanças em sua orientação prática, como quando após a crise asiática teve sua relevância significativamente reduzida com a adoção da política de supervisão e liberalização financeira ditada pelo mercado, e não mais ordenada por si, ao longo dos anos 2000. Já a crise que se desenvolve, ao final da primeira década do século XXI, com origem nos maiores produtores de consenso sobre política macroeconômica — Estados Unidos e União Européia — mostra-se como oportunidade para reajuste do papel do Fundo em uma posição novamente central, propiciando uma análise dos interesses diversos que esta instituição, com 187 Estados-membros e potencial de levantamento de centenas de bilhões de dólares em poucos dias, é capaz de atender ou suscitar em um cenário de maior equilíbrio financeiro nos países emergentes e desequilíbrio nos grandes centros.
Since its inception in 1944, the International Monetary Fund has suffered major crises of legitimacy; however, after periods of rejection and limb, the institution was always able to rise from the ashes. It will be argued that this apparent immortality of the Fund is due to its ability to adapt to the new normative cycles that emerge from financial crises. This ability could be traced to the relation between the legitimacy of the institution and the justification of its acts in coherence with the purpose for which it was created. In this sense, if the discourse that emerges — as a consensus from the analyses of the crises — accuses the institution of having had a part in the causes of the instability, the realignment of the IMF to the new ascending norm may result in changes in its practical orientations, as it happened, for instance, after the Asian crisis, when the Fund had its relevance significantly reduced with the adoption of a policy of market-led financial liberalization throughout the decade of 2000, replacing the former model of IMF-led orderly liberalization. Finally, the crisis developed by the end of the first decade of the XXI century and that originated in the largest producers of macroeconomic policy consensus — the United States of America and the European Union — presents itself as an opportunity for readjustment of the Fund s role once again in a central position, allowing for the analysis of the diverse interests that this institution — with its 187 member-States and potential for raising hundreds of billions of dollars in a few days — is able to meet in a scenario of greater financial balance among emerging markets, along with the instability of the great centers.
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Maloba, Mozika. "The Impact of International Monetary Fund and World Bank Involvement on the Economic Development of Egypt." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1556293960147375.
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Berolsky, Nuno Goncalo. "An evaluation of IMF structural adjustment programmes : lessons for South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002668.
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The mixed results of International Monetary Fund structural adjustment programmes in less developed countries are a major motivation for this research. Explanations must be advanced as to what may inhibit the success of such programmes. South Africa has often found itself in a precarious position- with a deteriorating balance of payments, a position similar to other countries that have accepted IMF loans. Furthermore, South Africa undertook an IMF loan in 1993. Financial support from the IMF incorporates structural adjustment programmes. These may include measures such as tighter monetary policy, reduction in the budget deficit, exchange rate devaluation and ceilings on domestic credit with increased interest rates (Ferguson, 1988). These policies illustrate the principle of ‘conditionality,’ whereby access to further loans is conditional on certain criteria being met, such as reduced budget deficits and inflation rates. The principle of conditionality has met with a great deal of criticism. Bacha (1987) and Dell (1982) argue that these aggregate demand-reducing conditions more often than not stagnate domestic economies, worsening the balance of payment and result in programme breakdowns. Essentially, they refer to the IMF conditions as ‘unrealistic.’ The IMF denies this, arguing that shortfalls are mainly due to a lack of political commitment to carry out its conditions (Winters, 1994). This issue of conditionality will be examined in detail, using three specific case studies. The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of Brazil, Mexico and Zambia to see whether or not the IMF programmes were successful. Guidelines will be established for South African policy from these case studies. South Africa is trying to adjust to the competitiveness of the international economy. At the same time, the need for reconstruction and development exerts increasing pressures on the balance of payments. Guidelines are established for a successful economic adjustment for South Africa. The research concludes that South Africa is certainly in line for a successful transformation. The rigidities are not as extensive as has been the case in Brazil and Zambia. Institutionally, South Africa is sound. However there are still challenges in this area, such as export diversification and economic stability to attract foreign investment.
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Baechel, Nicholas John. "Relief agency, hegemon, or failure? an evaluation of the IMF as crisis manager /." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1163097350.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Akron, Dept. of History, 2006."December, 2006." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 12/31/2008) Advisor, Walter L. Hixson; Co-Advisor, Jane Kate Leonard; Department Chair, Walter L. Hixson; Dean of the College, Ronald F. Levant; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Iaydjiev, Ivaylo. "Faustian bargaining in a regime complex : IMF-RFA cooperation in Europe (2008-2012)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cc6196b8-853c-489e-ab3f-add7c83fa12f.
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What explains IMF behavior in Europe between 2008 and 2012? Harshly criticized in Greece, yet tentatively praised in Hungary, the institution found itself playing different roles as it responded to a string of financial crises. Its programs varied substantially in terms of conditionality, financing, and private sector involvement. This thesis explores why, highlighting the changing global financial safety net, which is both expanding and becoming more decentralized due to the spectacular rise of regional financing arrangements (RFAs). Existing theories of IMF behavior assume the Fund to be a stand-alone institution and analyse financial assistance as the outcome from the interplay between creditors, borrowers, and staff. By focusing on dynamics within the IMF, however, they miss how developments outside the institution are increasingly shaping its behavior. This thesis brings in the role of changes in the institutional environment by drawing on the literature on regime complexity. The proliferation of RFAs alters the outside options of all actors, which affects their bargaining power. This opens the way for new strategies, through which creditors can entangle institutions by creating overlaps, borrowers can engage in confrontation between alternative financing institutions, and the IMF can find means to co-work with RFAs. These in turn affect whose preferences shape program design. This argument is tested empirically through process-tracing and comparing three cases of IMF-RFA cooperation in Europe. In Hungary, the IMF led the way in shaping a surprisingly 'generous' program with little constraint from the EU. However, in Latvia, the Fund found itself a 'junior partner' in a program driven by local authorities with the support of an European RFA. In Greece, the interests of creditors were paramount, securing IMF acquiescence through the threat of exclusion. These findings point to significant challenges for the Fund going forward. As RFAs continue to proliferate around the world, the IMF needs to avoid the temptation of striking even more Faustian bargains that keep it at the table of financial assistance at the cost of becoming a junior partner.
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Harper, Christine. "Developing Capacity: The IMF's Impact on State Capacity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5460/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the impact of International Monetary Fund (IMF) loans since the adoption of the governance mandate on overall government capability. The study will explore whether the presence of IMF loans in developing countries enhances state capacity. Administrative capacity is of particular importance because it is a requisite for the integration of state and society in the national political arena and encourages joint involvement of government and citizenry in overall representation of societal interests. The model designed to test the two primary hypotheses is comprised of a simultaneous system of equations. Despite criticisms of IMF conditionality arrangements, it appears that these programs are largely effective at increasing administrative capacity, an important factor in achieving economic growth and national ownership of IMF development programs.
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Hyat, Syed Afzal. "Origins of the Argentine economic crisis (1991-2002)." Thesis, Boston University, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/28574.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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Ochs, Andreas. "What are the effects of IMF agreements on government health expenditure in low- and middle-income countries? : a quantitative cross-country study across income groups and agreement types." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22992.
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Introduction The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international financial institution that acts as a lender of the last resort for countries experiencing balance of payments problems. Its loans to national authorities come with conditions, which typically include tighter control of public spending, though the nature and extent of conditions as well as the emphasis on social protection may vary according to the type of lending agreement. A subject of intense debate has been the effects of these loans on the capacity of health systems to meet health need. This study investigates the effects of IMF agreements on one crucial determinant of that capacity: government health expenditure (GHE). To do so, it evaluates: (i) the effects of IMF agreements on GHE across low- and middle-income countries; (ii) how these effects vary across different country income groups; and (iii) how these effects vary according to the type of agreement. Methods The study employs a dataset that includes GHE for 127 countries for the years 1995-2012, estimates the effects of IMF agreements using the Fixed Effects estimator, controls for determinants of GHE and accounts for endogeneity using a Heckman-style selection model. Results When controlling for endogeneity and important determinants of government health expenditure, the results suggest that, across all countries, agreements do not have a statistically significant effect on GHE. However, the effect differs according to country income group, with low-income countries experiencing increases in spending during agreement, lower-middle income countries seeing decreases in expenditure, for upper-middle income countries no effect on spending are observed. In addition, the effect differs according to agreement type: agreements with a social protection component are associated with increases in spending in low-income countries but have no statistically significant effects among middle-income countries. Agreement types with no social protection component are associated with decreases in spending among lower-middle income countries; and there is no statistically significant effect among low-income and upper-middle income countries. Conclusions The results indicate that, contrary to claims in the existing literature, IMF agreements do not have a statistically significant effect on GHE (positive or negative). However, this aggregate finding obscures the effect of particular agreement types in particular contexts. In low-income countries, agreements with an emphasis on social protection are associated with increases in GHE. When agreements have no social protection component they are associated with decreases in GHE for lower-middle-income countries, but not in other countries. In such contexts, IMF agreements either fail to enhance, or actually reduce, the capacity of health systems to meet health need.
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Strickland, Richard. "Stabilisation strategies of the International Monetary Fund and the effects on income and welfare : the case of Zambia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277708.
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Woo, Byungwon. "The Strategic Politics of IMF Conditionality." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275420293.
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Willax, Heike. "IWF-Stabilisierungsprogramme und financial programming : das Beispiel Thailand /." Frankfurt am Main ; Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York Oxford Wien : Lang, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014158141&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Barría, Lilian A. "Negotiating economic stabilization measures : the two-level debt game /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988646.
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Kumar, Ajay. "International tax coherence : a development perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.634886.
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This thesis attempts to resolve the deadlock to achieve an equitable division of taxes, and thereby internation equity. As the present tax laws were not negotiated, it is not considered here as fair. In this thesis it is proposed that an equitable division could be achieved through a division based on the levels of human development (combining Rawlsian schema and Sen’s capability approach). Therefore, it is argued that such a division would be equitable; because it would be based on entitlements (territorial claims), it would generate cooperation and thereby lead to greater efficiency. Importantly, this thesis establishes that the present tax treaties neither generate cooperation nor cohere with global welfare. Similarly, it is also found that the other institutions (OECD, IMF, WB and Dispute Settlement) related the tax regime presently do not promote development based on human capabilities. This could help developing countries to pursue a division favouring development (laws favouring development) and understand the institutions better suited to pursue such goals.
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Kelly, Robert Edwin. "'A lot more than the NGOs seem to think' the impact of non-governmental organizations on the Bretton Woods institutions /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1110364714.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 349 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 324-349). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
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Muriu, Daniel Wanjau. "Recognition, redistribution and resistance : the legislation of the right to health and its potential and limits in Africa /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7064.
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McElvein, Elizabeth. "Discourses of Domination: A Comparative Historical Analysis of Development in Haiti." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/427.
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In this thesis, I seek to understand the historical process by which Haiti has become a site of economic exploitation and labor coercion. I identify a remarkable continuity in the justification of economic oppression at three historical junctures: the reestablishment of plantation production under Toussaint Louverture in 1800, the agrarian development projects implemented by the American occupation 1918 and 1929, and the IMF agricultural liberalization measures implemented in between 1986/87 and 1993/94. I argue that a violent and chronically unstable juxtaposition between “civilized” elites and “uncivilized” masses creates and sustains a political system of brutal exploitation. A racialized logic lies at the heart of the civilization fantasy and maintains the economic, political and cultural configurations of peasant and proletariat oppression in Haiti.
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Ranttila, Kelly E. "The 1997 Thai Financial Crisis: Causes and Contentions." Ashland University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=auhonors1462299419.
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Lieberman, Kenneth R. "Reforming a nation : implications of IMF conditionality on Russia /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FLieberman.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affirs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Robert McNab, Karen Guttieri, Robert Looney. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-67). Also available online.
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Cordes, Anne Christine [Verfasser], Henrik [Akademischer Betreuer] Enderlein, Henrik [Gutachter] Enderlein, and Ulrich [Gutachter] Volz. "Fiscal Consolidation Following a Sovereign Default. The Burden of Monetary Union Membership and the Role of the International Monetary Fund / Anne Christine Cordes ; Gutachter: Henrik Enderlein, Ulrich Volz ; Betreuer: Henrik Enderlein." Berlin : Hertie School, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121389185X/34.
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Gubevu, M. "Strategies of Brazil, China and India towards International Monetary Fund (IMF) governance reform and Group of Seven (G7) strategies of reform: 1999-2011." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3775.
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Ke, Yanyu. "THE MEDICINE OF WAR: IMF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, ETHNIC POLITICS, AND ARMED CIVIL CONFLICT." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/polysci_etds/9.
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The dissertation research answers the question of what explains the variation across countries where the IMF SAP implementation is associated with the onset of armed civil conflict in some countries but not in others. Do SAPs increase the likelihood of the outbreak of armed civil conflict in recipient countries? By what causal mechanism could SAPs increase the probability of the onset of armed civil conflict? This study contributes to extant literature by taking actors’ preferences and ethnicity in recipient countries into account. I argue that the effect of SAP implementation on armed civil conflict is conditional on the ethnic characteristics of recipient countries. From a two-level game perspective, highly ethnic-fractionalized countries have a strong bargaining position vis-à-vis the IMF at the international level due to their domestic weakness. Hence such governments will receive relatively moderate conditionality from the IMF because the Fund will adopt its second-order preference of containing the contagious effect of debt crisis and ensure the loan repayment. The ethnically fractionalized countries will also implement the austerity measures across different ethnic communities. The result is reducing probability of the onset of armed civil conflict when ethnic fractionalization increases. But in ethnically-dominant countries, the governments’ bargaining position at the international level is relatively weak due to their domestic strength. Therefore the governments are more likely to get stringent conditionality from the IMF because the Fund will adopt its first-order preference of satisfying its constituents by imposing stringent conditionality. The result is to increase the likelihood of the onset of armed civil conflict when ethnic dominance increases. By analyzing cross-national data for 162 countries from 1992 to 2009 based on improved measurement of IMF conditionality, the empirical results confirm the theoretical hypotheses. The statistical results also reveal that SAP impact on the outbreak of armed civil conflict varies with conditionality. Historical analyses of Ghana and Rwanda provide further understanding of the theoretical mechanisms.
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Mazenda, Adrino. "The effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth: evidence from South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007027.
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Foreign direct investment amongst other mechanisms provides capital inflow meant to stimulate economic growth. Apart from promoting economic growth, FDI can also lead to increase in employment, technology, technical knowhow and managerial skills. South Africa has implemented various policy initiatives in attempts to attract foreign investment. This study investigates on the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth, with particular reference to the South African economy. The period of study is from 1980 to 2010. The study begins by reviewing literature on economic growth and foreign direct investment. South Africa’s macroeconomic background is examined to determine the trends in FDI inflows and economic growth. An empirical model linking theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of FDI on economic growth is estimated using the Johansen cointegration and VECM framework. Variables specified in the methodology include real gross domestic product (RGDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), domestic investment (INVE), real exchange rate (REXCH) and foreign marketable debt (DEBT). The long run results showed that FDI, REXCH and DEBT have a negative impact on growth. INVE has a positive impact on growth. Short run results indicated that there is no strong pressure on RGDP to restore long-run equilibrium whenever there is a disturbance. The short run lag of FDI was found to exert a positive impact on growth. The impulse response and variance decomposition analysis complemented the long and short-run findings. Shocks on REXCH, and DEBT generated a negative response on RGDP. The shocks were not significantly different from zero and were transitory. Results from the variance decomposition analysis revealed that the fundamentals explain some, but not all, of the variations of RGDP. For the fifth year forecast error variance RGDP explains the largest component of the variation followed by INVE, REXCH, FDI and DEBT. After a period of ten years, the influence of RGDP and INVE declines, whereas REXCH, FDI and DEBT increase. Conclusions and policy recommendations were made using these results.
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Harrelson-Stephens, Julie. "The value of human rights on the open market: Liberal economic policies and the achievement of personal integrity rights." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4419/.
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At the end of World War II, the United States emerged as a world leader, putting into place international institutions based on its own liberal economic philosophy. Since then, the world has witnessed an increasing interconnectedness among states, with economic relationships continually blurring the distinction between domestic and international, as well as between state and societal forces. Much of the world associates this increased interconnectedness with human suffering around the globe. This dissertation seeks to test the effects of economic globalization on personal integrity violations within a state, on the whole. Specifically, I examine three aspects associated with globalization, trade openness, investment and IMF funding within a state. Liberal economic theory suggests that economic relationships should foster positive gains. Particularly, economic relationships engender economic prosperity, diffusion of norms and idea, as well as the growth of a middle class which increasingly demands respect for its political and civil rights. Consistent with the liberal paradigm, I find that open trade and investment lead to improved personal integrity rights. In addition, investment which originates from the hegemon is especially likely to increase a state's respect for personal integrity rights. Conversely, IMF funding is likely to provoke protests from people in recipient countries, which often leads to increased repression by the state. To the extent that the IMF chooses to place importance on human rights, future attention should be paid to the practices of recipient countries. Overall, this dissertation suggests overall support for the liberal paradigm, that open economic policies are most likely to lead to improved levels of personal integrity rights.
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Evans, Christopher J. "The impact of World Bank and International Monetary Fund programme lending on health care delivery, health conditions and health status in sub-Saharan Africa, 1980 to 1992." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10013.
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The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have been active in Africa for several decades. In the early 1980s both institutions expanded the role that they play in the restructuring of African economies through the introduction of structural adjustment loans. These programme loans sought to provide the basis for sustainable economic expansion following a period of near economic collapse in the region. In the case of the Fund, public expenditure reducing and expenditure switching policies were encouraged. The Bank, also, was active in these areas and focused on long-term measures to restore efficiency to the ailing economies. These policies, although not novel, were implemented on a large scale were perceived to have a pervasive influence on the economic and social performance of African countries. It was theorised by some that such programme lending would have a long-run beneficial impact on social development. However, other authors, observers and researchers have criticised the activities of the Bretton Woods institutions. First, the loans have been heavily criticised in the past for the supposedly heavy handed nature that Bank and Fund staff use in implementing their programmes. The main idea is that the institutions have too much leverage when bargaining with African governments to undertake reforms. Second, it has been said that the use of programme loans will have adverse consequences for national welfare. UNICEF, the main critic, has pointed out, and provided evidence, to indicate that vulnerable groups in society may suffer under adjustment schemes. This thesis looks at the areas of macroeconomic reforms and the impact that they may have on one part of the social area: the health sector. The thesis examines the pre-adjustment situation in Sub Saharan Africa and reviews the role and the tools that the Bank and the Fund have at their disposal to tackle economic problems. The thesis then moves on to explore the linkages between these policy weapons and changes in health care development. In order to fully understand the implications for Africa considerable attention is devoted to exploring the health problems that the region faces and the health care delivery systems and health conditions that are prevalent in many of the countries. The last part of the thesis provides an aggregate study and a case study analysis of the impact of adjustment in Africa. Although, it is determined that the impact, overall, has not been unfavourable, recommendations for the future design of adjustment programmes is offered in the conclusion.
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Egger-Bovet, Nicholas. "IMF Conditionality, Fiscal Policy, and Income Inequality in Latin America." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/254.
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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the leading international economic crisis manager, but the effects of its loans and conditionality reach far beyond overarching macroeconomic indicators. This paper will examine the consequences of IMF fiscal policy conditions on income inequality and poverty by examining cases in Latin America, and specifically Mexico during the 1980s. The role that internal politics within borrowing countries plays is also closely examined. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for the IMF to ensure the most equitable and effective means of overcoming balance of payments crises.
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Fiesser, Caroline. "Die mexikanische Finanzkrise 1994/95 und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Reform des Internationalen Währungsfonds /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/380088568.pdf.
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Bueno, Fabio Marvulle. "A nova tutela do FMI : uma analise da politica economica dos acordos com o Brasil entre 1998 e 2002." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286143.
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Orientador: Jose Carlos de Souza BragaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T12:10:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bueno_FabioMarvulle_M.pdf: 708476 bytes, checksum: b0c673a7ce0d2ab6d303fc22f7ad184c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Este trabalho analisa as transformações na economia brasileira decorrentes dos acordos com o Fundo Monetário Internacional entre 1998 e 2002, focando as mudanças de papel desempenhado pelo Fundo na evolução da economia internacional e as repercussões em um dos principais instrumentos da instituição, as condicionalidades. Analisa também as características gerais dos acordos de 1998, 2001 e 2002, destacando tanto o processo de internalização dos parâmetros dos acordos, pelo uso das condicionalidades, visando a eliminação da discricionaridade da política econômica em relação às principais características da macroeconomia brasileira do período
Abstract: This dissertation analyses the transformations in Brazilian economy as a result of International Monetary Fund programs from 1998 to 2002, emphasizing the role change played by Fund in evolution of the international economy and the repercussions in one of the main instruments of the institution: conditionalities. It also analyses the general characteristics of the agreements in 1998, 2001 and 2002, with emphasis in the process of internationalizing the agreement, by using conditionalities, in order to eliminate the discricionarity of political economy, as well as the main characteristics of the Brazilian macroeconomy in this period
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
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Metinsoy, Saliha. "Political unrest under IMF programmes : labour mobility, fiscal conditionality, and democratic representation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:045b1d24-e37a-4232-8e4d-39c038c799c4.
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What triggers political unrest under International Monetary Fund (IMF) programmes? Why do we see unrest - protests, strikes, and riots - in some countries under IMF programmes and not in others? This thesis argues that IMF labour conditionality in an immobile labour market compounded by intrusive fiscal conditionality and blocked democratic channels result in unrest. Where labour is immobile in the borrowing country, IMF labour conditionality decentralising the market creates large-scale grievances among the labour groups. Immobile labour groups substantially lose income and benefits under those measures due to high wage differentials and varied labour protection measures across sectors. Moreover, uncertainty and risks increase, while the opportunities to return back to employment or to maintain the existing income and benefits diminish. When the political authority is unable to address the rising grievances due to tight fiscal conditionality and blocked democratic channels, we observe political unrest under IMF programmes. Where labour is mobile, on the other hand, it is easier for workers to switch between sectors and jobs when the economic crisis hits their sector. The labour groups respond to the internal crisis and the external impact by increasing mobility and switching to the sectors that are still growing despite the crisis. Labour conditions do not give rise to a similar degree of uncertainty and risks compared to immobile markets. Hence, programmes are implemented without large-scale unrest. The study tests this theory in a global sample of 117 countries between 1970 and 2013 and investigates the impact of mobility and IMF conditionality on unrest with a data set originally compiled and coded for this study. It then delves into two extreme cases, Greece, 2010 and Turkey, 2001. While Greece had extreme immobility and received intrusive labour and fiscal conditionality in 2010, Turkey is located on the opposite end of the spectrum, with very high levels of mobility, the limited number of labour conditions, and greater fiscal space. We see that while Greece witnessed large-scale unrest in 2010, Turkey implemented the programme smoothly. Finally, the study applies the theory into three shadow cases, Ireland, 2010, Latvia, 2008, and Portugal, 2011 and demonstrates that the varied degrees of mobility and conditionality and fiscal conditionality result in different degrees of unrest.
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Dostálek, Marek. "Měnové krize a role Mezinárodního měnového fondu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16486.
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Thesis analyses role of International Monetary Fund in currency crises its proceedings and instruments and thereof arising criticism. In the first chapter there are stated definitions of currency crises, described their causes and possibilities of prevention. Short description of the Fund and used instruments in its operations are also included. The main focus is on analysis of the approach of the IMF to significant currency crises since 1990's. Mexican, south-east Asian, Argentinean and Icelandic crises are analyzed. As a practical aspect of the thesis approach of the IMF to currency crisis in the Czech republic in 1997 is examined as well. In analysis there is always stated overall description of the crisis, approach of the IMF to mitigation of the crisis and thereof arising experts' criticism. In the last chapter there is analysis of certain reports and commissions that dealt with Fund's operations and suggested reforms. Experts' opinions (Kenen, Sedlacek, Jonas) of the IMF's functioning and its summary are also part of the chapter.
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Hrubá, Lenka. "Mezinárodní měnový fond a Skupina Světové banky jako součást globální governance." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75124.
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The main goal of this diploma paper is to analyze the activity of International Monetary Fund and World Bank Group as a part of global governance during the solution to problems of recent world economy and to assess the future situation of these organizations. First chapter characterizes the process of globalization, defines global problems and meaning of global governance. Second chapter is devoted to the concrete role of International Monetary Fund and World Bank Group in the global governance, it analyses their structure, activity, decision making and functions during the solution chosen global problems. And third chapter tries to refer to the weaknesses, insufficiencies and problems of both organizations and explores the ways how to solve them.
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Rábová, Anna. "Reforma Mezinárodního měnového fondu v souvislosti s vývojem světové ekonomiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81586.
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This thesis deals with the development of the International Monetary Fund from its establishment to the present in connection with the changing reality in the world economy and with its reform in the new millennium that was caused by the unsuitable form of this institution considering the current situation in the world economy. In the third part it deals with the development of this reform in connection with the last financial crisis and with the impact of this crisis on the International Monetary Fund.
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Junior, Manuel Guilherme. "The legal-economic relationship between Bretton Woods institutions and World Trade Organization in the modern era of globalization : the challenges and impacts for the developing countries." Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1880401.
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Mwesige, Patrick Keith. "Bretton Woods conditionality : the cause of progression or retrogression in Uganda's quest for economic growth and development." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50291.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Today, the issue of poverty reduction is central to the development process. This is particularly so because developing countries and the donors that prop up many of these countries' economies have come to realize that not all impressive economic gains, where they occur in the developing countries, are translated into improvement in the people's welfare. The Bretton Woods institutions have also been under attack from an everincreasing body of research for neoliberal policies that inform their prescriptions to poor clients. It is alleged that the IMFlWorld Bank's conditionalities and austerity measures have exacerbated poverty in developing countries. The main issue in this study is whether the IMFlWorld Bank policy prescriptions to Uganda have led to economic growth and helped to pull the country out of poverty or whether they have impoverished its people even further. The other question for this research to answer is whether poverty in Uganda is on the increase or whether it is just a matter of perception. This study is based on information obtained from various books, academic journals and papers, NGO reports, government publications, electronic media reports, and IMFlWorld Bank working papers and reports. This study has been able to observe that the Bretton Woods institutions have succeeded in revitalizing Uganda's economy, although the country is yet to see sustainable economic growth. Although the privatization process was riddled with corruption, the country benefited from the reforms through efficiency gains. Similarly, people who grow only food crops have not benefited from liberalization, but those who grow cashcrops (except cotton) have generally benefited from it. The study has confirmed that some of the Bretton Woods institutions' conditionalities, e.g. retrenchment, have caused poverty among some Ugandans and cost sharing has increased the severity of poverty among Uganda's poor. The study has also confirmed that the inequality gap has widened. The income poverty that was receding between 1992 and 1997 has since 2000 made a comeback. The study also reveals that other qualitative forms of poverty e.g. powerlessness and social seclusion, are widespread in Uganda. However, the study has not found sufficient evidence to directly link the increasing poverty in Uganda to the Bretton Woods institutions' policies. Finally, it is recommended that to mitigate the effects of poverty, the release of poverty reduction funds should not be pegged on conditionality. However, conditionality should be imposed on non-essential government expenditure.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING Armoedeverligting is vandag 'n kernkwessie in die ontwikkelingsproses. Hierdie waarneming is spesifiek van belang deurdat ontwikkelelende lande, en die skenkers wat sommige van hierdie ekonomieë steun, besef het dat indrukwekkende ekonomiese vooruitgang nie noodwendig tot 'n verbetering in lewens-standaarde lei nie. Die Bretton Woods instellings word al hoe meer gekritiseer oor hulle voorskriftelike neoliberale beleide. Daar word beweer dat die IMFlWêreldbank se voorwaardes en onbuigbaarheid reeds gelei het tot armoede in sommige ontwikkelende lande. Die hoof-ondersoek in hierdie studie handeloor die vraag of die IMF/ Wêreldbank-beleidsvoorskrifte Uganda aangespoor het tot ekonomiese groei en so gehelp het om die land uit armoede to help, en of dit nie dalk die landsburgers verder verarm het nie. Die tweede vraagstuk in hierdie studie is of armoede aan die toeneem is in Uganda en of dit dalk nie net 'n kwessie van persepsie is nie. Die navorsing vir hierdie werkstuk is gebaseer op verskeie boeke, akademiese joernaal-artikels en refererate, verslae van nie-winsjagende organisasie, regeringspublikasies, elektronies media verslae, en IMFlWêreldbank konsepartikels en verslae. Die studie het gevind dat die Bretton Woods instellings wel daarin geslaag het om lewe te blaas in die Ugandese ekonomie, maar dat die land steeds nie volhoubare ekonomiese groei behaal het nie. Hoewel korrupsie in die privatiseringsproses die sukses daarvan beperk het, het die land wel voordeel getrek uit vooruitgang in doeltreffendheid. Boere wat voedselgewasse plant vir plaaslike markte, het nie veel baat gevind by liberalisering nie terwyl diegene wat kontantgewasse (maar nie katoen) aangeplant het, het wel voordeel getrek uit liberalisering. Die studie het bevestig dat sommige van die Bretton Woods instellings se voorwaardes, byvoorbeeld afdankings en koste-deling, armoede veroorsaak het of die graad daarvan vererger het onder Uganda se armes. Die studie staaf ook verder dat die armoede-gaping groter geraak het. Die inkomste-armoede wat gekrimp het tussen 1992 en 1997, het sedert 2000 weer verskyn. Die studie onthulook dat ander kwalitatiewe vorms van armoede, bv. magteloosheid en sosiale uitsluiting, wydverspreid voorkom in Uganda. Die studie het egter nie genoeg bewyse gevind om die groeiende armoede direk te koppel aan die Bretton Woods instellings se beleide nie.