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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'International Organization for Migration'
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1
Cinar, Yildiz Sermin. "International Organizations And Human Rights: The Case Of International Organization For Migration (iom) As Part Of Counter Trafficking Efforts In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610289/index.pdf.
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Trafficking in persons is a phenomenon that threatens not only basic human rights but also source, passage and destination countriestherefore, it rightfully draws international attention. Being a global threat, it necessitates cooperation and intervention. The aim of the thesis is to analyze anti-trafficking efforts in Turkey by focusing on a particular international initiative. To this end, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is selected as a case and its activities in Turkey are mentioned with the ultimate goal of questioning its effectiveness in the process of fighting against trafficking in persons. The thesis examines the phenomenon of trafficking in persons with a conceptual analysis by dwelling upon the objectives, function and perspective of the IOM. It concentrates on the IOM, which actively assists the Turkish government in every aspect of migration and in combating human trafficking with a particular focus on trafficking in women through the counter-trafficking program implemented in 2004. The thesis also aims at evaluating whether international and local actors take effective actions that cover both the prevention and punishment of trafficking in women, and the protection of victims&rsquo
rights. The binding international legal instrument on the subject matter, the UN Trafficking Protocol of 2000, will be referred to and different approaches to the evaluation of the problem will be mentioned so as to present the focal points of the varying goals.
2
Kleck, Doris. "Die Erweiterung des Sicherheitsbegriffs am Beispiel der Migrationsthematik." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01651637004/$FILE/01651637004.pdf.
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Timpson, Mark. "An international history of unemployment through the League of Nations and the International Labour Organization, 1931-1937." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f097700f-c18d-4acf-b17b-477f1fc11c36.
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Late in 1931, the International Labour Organization (ILO) estimated that worldwide unemployment had reached 20-25 million. The ILO was also mindful that the consequences of unemployment were borne by dependents and concluded that the number of people directly affected by unemployment was therefore probably in the region of 50-60 million. The thesis revisits this old theme of the 'Hungry Thirties' but considers it in a new and different way. Most histories of unemployment during the Great Depression have been presented in national terms but this study examines unemployment from an international perspective by utilizing the League of Nations and ILO as sites through which to explore how debates about unemployment and how to respond to it were being internationalized. Utilizing the vast archives of the League of Nations and ILO, the thesis focuses on a series of interconnected themes - public works and economic policy, migration, housing, and nutrition - themes that the League and ILO identified as being the 'fallout' from unemployment. It builds on recent research of the League and ILO that has revealed more complex histories of these two international organizations and that has recognized that the 'technical' agencies were core functions that consumed significant resources of personnel and money. Crucially, this work not only continued during the 1930s but thrived even as the political atmosphere darkened; it is, therefore, a history that offers another side to the autarky and nationalism of the 1930s. The thesis also connects the technical agencies of the League of Nations to the ILO and, in contrast to the customary treatment of the interaction of these two organizations that emphasizes inter-agency tension, it identifies how the collaboration was an important step in the rediscovery of the fundamental connection between economy and society by linking economic policy to social and physical welfare.
4
Hartl, Jennifer Ann. "Human trafficking in the Russian Federation: an examination of the anti-trafficking efforts of the federal government, non-governmental organizations and the International Organization for Migration." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/682.
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This paper examines human trafficking operations in the Russian Federation as well as the efforts of the Russian government, non-governmental organizations, and the International Organization for Migration to prevent trafficking, prosecute traffickers, and provide assistance to survivors of trafficking. Russia has made considerable efforts in the past nineteen years to become a key economic player on the global stage. However, government corruption and an economy propped up by corporations entangled in the buying, selling, and exploitaiton of human beings undermines the pursuit of Great Power status. Field research conducted in Moscow in 2009 revealed that government efforts to combat human trafficking in Russia currently fall short thereby perpetuating a cycle of human trafficking, corruption, organized crime, and poverty.
5
Blanz, Franziska. "Solidarity research with Xochicuicatl e.V. : Exploring the dynamics between the organization its beneficiaries and the overall migrant group." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för migration, etnicitet och samhälle (REMESO), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171209.
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This thesis project is an act of solidarity research with the Berlin based Latin American women’s organization Xochicuicatl. Along the idea that research should be based on the interests and needs of oppressed groups, the research design was developed in cooperation with the organization. The study centers on migration movements between Latin America and the Caribbean and Germany. Moreover, it investigates the dynamics of inner-outer interplay between the organization the beneficiaries and the overall migrant group. The main method isa qualitative content analysis of documents out of the organization’s archive. The organization’s response to transformations is thereby analyzed through action within invited (coping) and invented (resistance) spaces of citizenship. In this regard, the organization’s space is understoodas a subaltern counterpublic which enables a connection between coping and resistance.
6
Arslan, Selin. "Women Trafficking In Turkey: International Cooperation And Intervention." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608051/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
WOMEN TRAFFICKING IN TURKEY: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND INTERVENTION
Arslan, Selin
MS., Department of Gender and Women&rsquos Studies Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Yusuf Ziya Ö
zcan December, 2006, 217 pages. This study has focused on analyzing the women trafficking in Turkey and the international cooperation and interventions which Turkey has done in years between 2004 and 2006. While mentioning efforts on combating human trafficking and international cooperation and interventions, the support of International Organization for Migration (IOM), the leading intergovernmental organization working against trafficking, which Turkey became member in 2004, should be mentioned as well. This study is trying to show the efforts of Turkey in the situation of combating with an organized crime, a gross human rights violation-especially after becoming member of the International Organization for Migration. Before discussing the situation and efforts in Turkey on counter trafficking the realization of women&rsquo
s rights the emergence of the women&rsquo
s discourse within the international arena and the international debate on trafficking especially after the Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP) have been introduced and discussed in detail. Such a beginning facilitated conceptualization of (1) the evolution of the emergence of conscious on trafficking crime in the international arena (2) the sprout of the idea and perception of &ldquo
combating trafficking crime&rdquo
in Turkish society and (3) the transformation of the Turkish context related to trafficking issues in the light of discussions emerged by the support of IOM Turkey.
7
Soszyński, Filip. "Is There Still Need for Grassroots Organizations? : The Role of Grassroots Organizations in Humanitarian Aid – an Example from Greece, After the Peak of the 2015 “Refugee Crisis”." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-39327.
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The thesis focuses on the work of Grassroots organizations in Greece after the peak of the 2015 refugee crisis. The research explores their current problems in Greece and their ability to report freely on the migrants situation. The information was gathered based on interviews with key informants from 6 different Grassroots organizations working in Greece. Findings show that there is an anti-NGO movement within the current Greek government. Furthermore, the government has introduced a new harsh registration process for all NGO’s within the migration field, which can determine whether organizations will be allowed to work in Greece or not. This causes fear amongst experts and Grassroots whether they will be able to continue their work in Greece and advocating for the human rights of the refugees and asylum seekers in Greece.
8
Vijh, Rajneesh. "Return of high skilled migrants : an empirical investigation into the knowledge transfer process of two organizations in New Delhi, India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f119a72-7463-4121-90dd-f5a3b3b08d8e.
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Against the backdrop of the brain drain-brain gain debate, this thesis explores certain facets of the return migration phenomenon. Drawing on several theories, the decision to return among high skilled migrants is likely to be influenced by the prospect of using their overseas-acquired knowledge to secure a better livelihood back home. While ample consideration is given to motivations to return, the choice of employer and issues adjusting to the work and social surroundings, the main objective of the research is to understand migrants' transfer of overseas-acquired knowledge upon their return to India. Given the interdisciplinary nature of the topic, the scope of the thesis is focused on returnees working in two organizations in New Delhi—Fortis Escorts Hospital and Research Centre (EHIRC) and Tata Consultancy Services' Government Industry Solutions Unit (GISU). Adopting a mixed methods approach, survey data and case interviews are analyzed to address the core research question: “How and in which ways do returnees transfer their newly acquired knowledge, skills and experiences in employing organizations?” A key hypothesis is that returnees' social ties affect the extent and nature of knowledge transfers and thus confer intended benefits and may lead to unintended consequences for their organizations. The analyses pit McPherson's (2001) principle of homophily in social networks against Granovetter's (1973) weak ties hypothesis to grasp the role of returnees in knowledge transfers within EHIRC and GISU. Results drawn from data collected on returnees, non-migrants and transnationals strongly confirm that social ties—strong, intermediate or weak—affect the transfer of knowledge to stakeholders in their organizations. The contribution of this thesis to the existing body of research is to shed light on both the potential and limitations of returnees as a conduit for transferring knowledge, upgrading skills and relaying insights to non-migrants, teams or units in the workplace.
9
Rehnbäck, Arostegui Cindy. "Uppsala Municipality and civil society in the integration process : - Asylum seekers and newly arrived." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44904.
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During the refugee crisis in 2015, Sweden received a record amount of asylum seekers whowere received by civil society. Civil society played a crucial role in the integration process ofasylym seekers and newly arrived. This study concentrates on gaining a deeper understandingand knowledge in the field of integration within Uppsala Municipality, civil society and theircollaboration. The chosen methodology used to carry out this study is qualitative researchapproach. Five organizations within civil society were chosen and totally nine semi-structuredinterviews were included in the study. This study demonstrates that integration is described asa possibility to participate in society on equal terms. There are different integration-promotingactivities for asylum seekers and new arrivals, which increases social integration among them.
10
Rosa, Marcela Tarter da. "A inserção internacional multilateral brasileira e a participação de organizações internacionais na gestão migratória brasileira." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147490.
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L’objectif, dans cette dissertation, est de comprendre l'interaction des organisations internationales avec le gouvernement brésilien dans la gestion de la migration, à partir des années 2000, une période pendant laquelle le Brésil devient destination de nouveaux flux migratoires. Pour comprendre la relation entre le Brésil et les organisations internationales ainsi que la visibilité internationale comme destination de ces immigrants, on discute, d'abord, l'insertion internationale du pays grâce à sa politique étrangère multilatérale. Il semble que, après les années 2000, le Brésil gagnerait de la visibilité sur la scène internationale en raison d'une politique extérieure plus active et participative au sein de ces organisations par des partenariats avec d'autres pays émergents et de l’engagement dans les projets de coopération Sud-Sud. Ce contexte en conjonction avec d'autres variables telles que l'augmentation de la migration au niveau international, contribuerait à la perception du Brésil en tant que destination de migration et de même expliquerait la plus grande responsabilité du pays pour donner des réponses condescendantes à son implication et sa participation multilatérale. Il est pertinent, comme point de vue théorique pour l'analyse des recherches empiriques, d'étudier des organisations internationales en tant qu'acteurs capables d'exécuter des activités propres à travers leurs structures institutionnelles et l'Etat comme un acteur non-unitaire dans les relations internationales. Dans le cas de la gestion des migrations au Brésil, on s'aperçoit qu'il y a des avis divergents entre les différents acteurs nationaux responsables, en particulier en ce qui concerne le contenu d'une nouvelle loi sur l'immigration afin de remplacer le Statut de l'Étranger (Estatuto do Estrangeiro). Nous identifions que les organisations internationales, à leur tour, ont comme objectif de leurs actions, en initiatives avec des organismes gouvernementaux brésiliens, la construction d'une gouvernance internationale pour la migration qui relie d'abord la coordination nationale et régionale. Pour comprendre, dès lors, la participation des organisations internationales dans la gestion migratoire brésilienne, nous analysons l'interaction entre les intérêts de ces organisations et ceux du niveau national du gouvernement brésilien à travers les documents du gouvernement brésilien et des organisations internationales, la référence bibliographique dans le domaine ainsi que la réalisation des entretiens avec des experts du gouvernement et ces organisations internationales travaillant avec la question migratoire.Nesta dissertação, objetiva-se compreender a interação das organizações internacionais com o governo brasileiro na gestão migratória, a partir dos anos 2000, período em que o Brasil torna-se destino de novos fluxos migratórios. Para compreensão da relação do Brasil com as organizações internacionais e também da visibilidade internacional como um destino para esses imigrantes, discorre-se, primeiramente, sobre a inserção internacional do país através da sua política externa multilateral. Constata-se que, depois dos anos 2000, o Brasil ganharia visibilidade na esfera internacional devido a uma política externa mais ativa e participativa no âmbito dessas organizações por meio de parcerias com outros países emergentes e liderança em projetos de cooperação sul-sul. Esse contexto conjuntamente com outras variáveis, como o aumento dos fluxos migratórios a nível internacional, contribuiria para a percepção do Brasil como um destino migratório e, da mesma forma, explicaria a maior responsabilidade do país em dar respostas condescendentes ao seu envolvimento e participação multilateral. Mostra-se relevante, como perspectiva teórica para a análise da pesquisa empírica, o estudo das organizações internacionais como atores capazes de executar atividades próprias por meio de suas estruturas institucionais e o Estado como um ator não unitário nas relações internacionais. No caso da gestão migratória brasileira, percebe-se que existem visões divergentes entre os diferentes atores domésticos responsáveis, sobretudo, com relação ao conteúdo de uma nova lei migratória que substitua o Estatuto do Estrangeiro. Por parte das organizações internacionais, por sua vez, identifica-se como um objetivo de sua atuação, em iniciativas com organismos governamentais brasileiros, a construção de uma governança internacional para migrações que perpassa, primeiramente, a coordenação nacional e regional. Para compreender, portanto, a participação de organizações internacionais na gestão migratória brasileira, analisa-se a interação entre os interesses dessas organizações e aqueles do nível doméstico do Estado brasileiro através de documentos do governo brasileiro e das organizações internacionais, do referencial bibliográfico na área e da realização de entrevistas com especialistas do governo e dessas organizações internacionais que trabalham com a temática migratória.
The objective of this thesis is to understand the interaction between international organizations and the Brazilian government on the issue of migration management as of the beginning of the century, when Brazil became a destination for new migration flows. To understand the relationship between Brazil and international organizations in addition to the international visibility the country has acquired as a destination for migrants, we first present Brazil’s international insertion through its multilateral foreign policies. What can be observed is that, since the 2000s, Brazil has gained visibility in the international sphere due to a more active and participatory foreign policy in the area of these organizations through partnerships with other emerging countries and leadership in projects of South-South cooperation. This context, along with other variables such as the increase in migration flows on an international scale, has contributed to the perception of Brazil as a destination for migration. This would explain the country’s heightened responsibility to respond leniently as a measure of its multilateral involvement and participation. We show that the study of international organizations, as actors who are able to carry out their own actions by means of their institutional structures, and the State as a non-unique actor in international relations is relevant as a theoretical perspective on the analysis of empirical research. In the case of Brazilian migration management, it can be seen that there exist divergent visions between the different domestic actors who are responsible, above all, for the content of a new law on migration that would replace the Statute on the Foreigner (Estatuto do Estrangeiro). As for international organizations, one of the objectives of their work, in initiatives with Brazilian government organisms, can be identified as the construction of international governance for migrations that exceed national and regional coordination. Thus, to understand the participation of international organizations in Brazilian migration management, we analyse: the interaction between the interests of these organizations and those at the domestic level of the Brazilian State through documents published by the Brazilian government and international organizations; the bibliographical references of the area; and the responses in interviews with government and international organizations specialists working on the theme of migration.
11
CALARCO, ROBERTO. "INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS AT THE SOUTHERN EUROPEAN BORDER: (DE)POLITICIZATION AND (DE)BORDERING WITHIN AND BEYOND THE HOTSPOT SYSTEM IN SICILY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/851027.
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This thesis explores the contribution of international humanitarian
organizations to the (de)politicization of the current EU border regime and to the
legitimization or countering of (de)bordering processes.
This research focuses on the role of some international humanitarian
organizations (the UNHCR, MEDU, Terre des Hommes, the Red Cross and Oxfam)
operating on the southern Italian border (in Sicily) during different key rebordering
phases (i.e. the introduction of the hotspot approach in 2015 and the adoption of the
security decree of 2018). Based on ten months of fieldwork in Sicily, the present study
adopts a mix-method approach and resorts to three main methods: document
analysis, semi-structured interviews and direct observation.
This thesis suggests that the discourses and practices of international
humanitarian organizations contribute to both depoliticizing and re-politicizing the
current migration and border regime. Humanitarian discourses and practices can
have inherent depoliticizing features that contribute to perpetuating the actual
border management system in different ways: by legitimizing States’ categories and
processes of selection of migrants or by providing services that contribute to building
States’ capacity to manage migration. At the same time, the humanitarian
borderwork of international humanitarian organizations is coupled with political
borderwork and contributes to challenging the current border regime in different
ways: by advocating for migrant rights, by criticizing governmental practices and
policies, by promoting migrants’ inclusion through direct engagement.
12
Henriksson, Andrea. "Tvingad migration, återvändande och synen på begreppet ”hem” : En diskussion utifrån sedentarism och intersubjektivitet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturantropologiska avdelningen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175069.
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Moreira, Julia Bertino 1981. "A questão dos refugiados no contexto internacional (de 1943 aos dias atuais)." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281565.
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Orientador: Shiguenoli MiyamotoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como a questão dos refugiados foi se desenvolvendo no contexto internacional, em períodos distintos, de 1943 aos dias atuais. Tendo isso em vista, primeiramente, delimitou-se o objeto de estudo, distinguindo os refugiados dos demais grupos de deslocamentos forçados, como migrantes, deslocados internos e apátridas. Também foram apontadas as causas que levam ao refúgio e as soluções implementadas para os refugiados. Em seguida, examinou-se a questão dos refugiados a partir de três grandes intervalos de tempo: o pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, no decorrer dos anos 1943 a 1960; a grande descolonização afro-asiática e o final da Guerra Fria, durante os anos de 1960 a 1990; e o cenário pós-Guerra Fria dos anos 1990 até a atualidade. Com isso, apresentaram-se alguns fluxos de refugiados ocorridos em várias regiões do mundo, bem como as organizações criadas para proteger os refugiados e os instrumentos internacionais e regionais elaborados em matéria de refugiados, no período mencionado. Além disso, analisou-se a atuação de alguns Estados em relação aos refugiados, destacando os momentos de cooperação e conflito entre eles, assim como a atuação do Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Refugiados (ACNUR) em prol dos refugiados, ao longo deste período. E, por fim, refletiu-se sobre a construção e transformação das definições de refugiado e sobre as diferenças entre os sistemas da ONU e os regionais de proteção aos refugiados
Abstract: The objective of this work is to analyze how the refugees¿ issue was developed in the international context, through distinct periods, from 1943 to nowadays. Considering this, first of all, the object of study was defined by distinguishing refugees from others groups of forced migration, such as migrants, internally displaced persons and stateless. The causes that lead to refuge were also pointed out, as well as the solutions adopted to refugees. After, the refugees¿ issue was examined by three great periods: the post Second World War, during 1943 to 1960; the African and Asiatic decolonization and the end of the Cold War, during 1960 to 1990; and the scenery of the post Cold War, from 1990 to nowadays. Thereby, some refugees¿ flows occurred in various regions of the world in the whole period were presented, as well as the organizations created to protect refugees and the international and regional instruments elaborated regarding refugees. Furthermore, the positions of some States related to refugees were analyzed, emphasizing the moments of cooperation and conflict among them, as well as the action of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in favor of refugees, along this period. And, finally, this work reflected on the construction and transformation of refugee definitions and the differences between the UN system and the regional systems of protection for refugees
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência Política
14
Silva, Lucas Rocha. "A situação jurídica do migrante laboral no Brasil à luz da organização internacional do trabalho e de seus documentos." Universidade Católica de Santos, 2018. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/4621.
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A situação do migrante laboral é um assunto alvo de importante normativa internacionalmente e nacionalmente, havendo normativas dentro do sistema das Nações Unidas como a Declaração Universal de Direitos Humanos e a existência da Organização Internacional do Trabalho que estabelece normativas e estudos sobre os direitos sociais aplicáveis. Dispõe-se, portanto, estabelecer no período de 2007 até 2016 até onde havia coadunação ou discrepância entre as resoluções e normativas da Organização Internacional, normas no âmbito universal de aplicabilidade dos Direitos Humanos e a normativa interna brasileira, analisando a Constituição Federal de 1988 e o então vigente Estatuto do Migrante. O estudo visou também tecer breves comentários sobre Lei Nº 13.445/17, conhecida como Lei de Migração e o Decreto 9.199/17 que visou regulamentá-la, estabelecendo pontos principais divergentes com a normativa anterior e eventuais consequências. Visando, ao fim, analisar o estudo promovido pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho acerca das políticas e leis brasileiras sobre o migrante laboral e sua coadunação com a normativa e estudos promovidos pela organização.
The situation of labour migration is a subject of important international and national regulations, with regulations within the United Nations system such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the existence of the International Labor Organization, which establishes regulations and studies on applicable social rights. It is therefore proposed to establish in the period from 2007 to 2016 up to where there was a conflict or discrepancy between the resolutions and norms of the International Organization, norms in the universal scope of the applicability of Human Rights and the Brazilian domestic law, analyzing the Brazil¿s Constitution and the then-current Migrant Statute law. This study also aimed to make brief comments on Law Nº. 13,445/17, known as the Migration Law and Decree 9.199/17, which aimed to regulate it, establishing main points divergent with previous legislation and possible consequences. In the end aiming to analyze the study promoted by the International Labor Organization on the Brazilian policies and laws on labour migrants and their convergency with the norms and studies promoted by the organization.
15
Asana, Lydia. "Inclusion of the African Diaspora in Florida Nonprofit Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4905.
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Social and economic challenges in one part of the world influence budgets, security, health, and well being of populations globally as was the case with the 2014 Ebola outbreak. Deficits in healthcare, education, governance, and the economy in African nations result in financial and social contributions from the diaspora residing in the United States. Many African-born immigrants to Florida came with useful knowledge and experience from their home nations that could be a valuable resource in carrying out effective development initiatives. However, accessing that knowledge is challenging. The purpose of this research was to explore the inclusion of members of the African diaspora community in Florida nonprofit development initiatives. The transnational theory of migration underpinned the following research question: What are barriers to, and opportunities for, including members of the African diaspora in Florida-based NPOs that carry out development programs in Africa? Semistructured interviews were conducted with Florida nonprofit leaders (N= 21) who have development projects in Africa. Manual and computer assisted methods using NVivo 11 were used to develop codes and themes for data analysis. Identified barriers to including African diaspora in NPOs included lack of established networks and organizational awareness as well as limited service areas, service locations, funding, and leadership roles. All respondents expressed interest in engaging with diaspora members and other nonprofit leaders via expat networks. Successful engagement with the African diaspora community could promote positive social change by improving program delivery, communication, and programmatic outcomes for a mutual impact in both African and Florida-based communities.
16
Heselius, Chatrin. "Arbetskraftsexploatering av irreguljära migranter : Om möjligheterna att lagföra arbetsgivaren för människohandelsbrott." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277116.
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I Sverige har till dato endast en fällande dom för människohandel för tvångsarbete meddelats, trots att statistik och rapportering i media indikerar att problemet är omfattande. Av media och myndighetsrapporter framgår att de som utsätts för arbetskraftsexploatering ofta är personer som befinner sig i Sverige som asylsökande eller som helt saknar tillstånd att vistas och arbeta i landet. Detta är även en grupp som på grund av deras prekära migrationsstatus, bristande tillgång till myndighetsskydd och begränsade försörjningsmöjligheter identifierats som särskilt utsatt för människohandel. Trots detta har inget åtal för människohandel för tvångsarbete avsett exploatering av papperslösa eller asylsökande, och åtal har heller aldrig väckts för fall där migranten rekryterats i Sverige. I denna uppsats diskuteras och problematiseras den internationella och den svenska definitionen av människohandel ur ett rättighetsperspektiv, med särskild fokus på arbetskraftsexploatering av irreguljära migranter och skyddet för deras rättigheter. Det konstateras att eftersom definitionen av människohandel utformats inom ramen för ett brottsbekämpningsuppdrag har de utsattas rättigheter hamnat i skymundan. Staternas ovilja att garantera de irreguljära migranternas rättigheter har påverkat definitionens utformning och lett till att den exploatering denna grupp utsätts för hamnar utanför dess tillämpningsområde. Vidare visas att svenska domstolars tolkning och tillämpning av straffbestämmelsen har ytterligare begränsat dess tillämplighet i sammanhanget. Mot denna bakgrund anförs att människohandelsbestämmelsen inte på ett tillfredsställande sätt förmår förebygga och bekämpa den typ av människohandel som idag är av störst praktisk betydelse. Straffbestämmelsen misslyckas även med att beskydda de irreguljära migranternas rättigheter, en grupp som är särskilt utsatt för rättighetskränkningar av olika slag men som har en mycket begränsad tillgång till myndigheternas beskydd. Avslutningsvis diskuteras behovet av en mer ändamålsenlig rättstillämpning eller en reviderad straffbestämmelse. Såsom människohandel definierats av internationella organisationer avses den handelsprocess som leder till exploatering, och inte exploateringen i sig. Särskilt de irreguljära migranter som rekryteras i Sverige har sällan utsatts för en sådan handelsprocess. Det anförs därför att det ur ett svenskt perspektiv vore angeläget att istället anta en straffbestämmelse som möjliggör bestraffning av den fortgående exploateringen.
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Martins, Renata Duval. "Servidão doméstica : uma análise do caso Siwa-Akofa Siliadin à luz das normas da organização internacional do trabalho." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165132.
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O presente estudo tem por escopo analisar o caso da jovem Siwa-Akofa Siliadin, aliciada no Togo, em 1994, para prestar serviços na França como doméstica. Ao chegar no país foi submetida à servidão, impedida de completar os seus estudos e sem receber qualquer remuneração pelos serviços prestados, tampouco direitos laborais mínimos como o limite da jornada de trabalho diária, o descanso semanal remunerado e a habitação adequada lhe foram fornecidos. Trata-se de um leading case que aborda as práticas de tráfico humano, de trabalho forçado e de servidão doméstica. A escravidão contemporânea ocorre através do trabalho forçado, este se dividindo em espécies dentre as quais estão o trabalho escravo, a servidão e a servidão por dívida. Com quaisquer destas práticas pode ocorrer simultaneamente o tráfico de pessoas. A prática da escravidão doméstica, também chamada de servidão doméstica, inclui-se no rol de trabalhos forçados, verificando-se no caso concreto a qual das espécies de servidão pertence. Ocorre tanto em países ricos quanto em países emergentes e tem como grupo de pessoas mais vulnerável aos aliciadores as mulheres, os menores de idade, os migrantes, os pobres, os de baixa escolaridade. Normas internacionais laborais proíbem a escravidão contemporânea em todas as suas formas e obrigam os Estados a legislar a fim de coibir tenazmente em seu território tais condutas. Quando um Estado falha em prestar a necessária proteção ao trabalhador, não sendo possível a este se socorrer sequer no Poder Judiciário, pode a vítima pleitear alguma reparação nas Cortes Internacionais de Direitos Humanos. No caso ora analisado, as decisões das cortes nacionais francesas poderiam ter sido proferidas com base em normas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho internalizadas pela França, bem como normas não ratificadas poderiam ter sido utilizadas em caráter interpretativo da vaga e escassa legislação pátria. Em âmbito internacional, o Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos não é o único órgão dotado de capacidade punitiva, a própria Organização Internacional do Trabalho pode ser acionada por meio de reclamação ou queixa contra Estados Membros que ratificam normas e as descumprem ou negligenciam sua efetividade, podendo esta punição ser aplicada concomitantemente à proferida pela supracitada Corte. O estudo é dividido em três partes: a primeira aborda as especificidades do caso Siliadin, conceitos pertinentes aos fatos narrados, estudo do processo judicial em âmbito francês e análise da decisão do Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos; a segunda analisa as normas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho como normas de jus cogens laboral e núcleo duro de direito laboral, ressaltando como consequências à violação das referidas normas as reclamações e as queixas à Organização Internacional do Trabalho; a terceira analisa a incorporação e aplicação do direito internacional no âmbito interno dos Estados, frisando a possibilidade do emprego de normas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho na solução do litígio entre Siliadin e os empregadores.O método utilizado no presente trabalho é o indutivo, bem como se valeu da análise de caso com base em normas específicas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho sobre trabalho forçado (nº 29 e nº 105), discriminação (nº 100 e nº 111), trabalho doméstico (nº 189), trabalho infantojuvenil (nº 138 e nº 182) e trabalho do migrante (nº 143). Por fim, conclui-se pela necessária aplicação do direito internacional laboral na esfera processual interna dos Estados e a maior ingerência dos organismos internacionais trabalhistas a fim de garantir a efetividade das normas internacionais laborais.This study aims to analyze the case of Siwa-Akofa Siliadin, a teenager enticed in the Togo, in 1994, into providing services as a domestic servant in France. Upon arriving in the country she was subjected to bondage, could not go to school and received neither payment for her services nor the minimum labor rights, such as limit to daily working hours, weekly paid rest and an adequate housing. It is a leading case which deals with human trafficking practices, forced labor and domestic servitude. Contemporary slavery takes place through forced labor, comprised into species among which are slave labor, servitude and debt bondage. With any of these practices trafficking of persons can occur simultaneously. The practice of domestic slavery, also called domestic servitude, is included in the list of forced labor, verifying to which species of bondage each case belongs. It occurs both in rich countries and emerging countries and the most vulnerable persons are women, minors, migrants, the poor, and the less educated. International labor standards prohibit contemporary slavery in all its forms and require states to legislate to curb such conduct tenaciously in their territory. When a state fails to provide the necessary protection to workers, not making possible for them even to seek help from the judiciary power, the victim can claim some compensation in the international human rights courts. In the case under analysis, the decisions of the French national courts could have been rendered based on standards of the International Labour Organization internalized by France, and unratified standards could have been used to interpret vague and scarce national legislation. Internationally, the European Court of Human Rights is not the only body with punitive capacity, the International Labour Organization itself can be activated by means of complaint or claim against member states that ratify standards and then violate or neglect their effectiveness, and this punishment may be applied simultaneously to that decided by the above cited court. The study is divided into three parts: the first one dealing with the specificities of the Siliadin case, concepts related to the facts narrated, the study of the judicial process in French courts and analysis of the decision of the European Court of Human Rights; the second examining the norms of the International Labor Organization as labor jus cogens and labor law hard core, highlighting as consequences to the violation of these rules complaints and claims to the International Labor Organization; the third analyzing the incorporation and application of international law in the domestic sphere of the States, emphasizing the possibility of the use of International Labor Organization rules in resolving the dispute between Siliadin and the employers. The method used in this work is the inductive, and also the case analysis based on specific standards of the International Labour Organization on forced labor (no. 29 and no. 105), discrimination (no. 100 and no. 111), domestic service (no. 189), child labor (no. 138 and no. 182) and migrant labor (no. 143). Finally, it is concluded by the necessary application of international labor law in the domestic procedures of the States and the greater interference of international labor organizations in order to ensure the effectiveness of international labor standards.
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Akouri, Elie. "Styrmodeller, etiska utmaningar och migrationspolitiska dilemman : En kritisk fallstudie om den syriska flyktingsituationen i Libanon, etiska begränsningar och internationell inblandning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-161699.
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This paper is characterized as a critical case study aimed to scrutinize the continuous situation regarding Syrian refugees in Lebanon from an ethical theoretical approach. Mainly, two specific theoretical models regarding ethics in migration and a theoretical standpoint regarding ethics in migration are presented as the theoretical and scientific framework. Arash Abizadeh’s two models, known as the state sovereignty model and the liberal model are implemented in order to understand and to pinpoint the course of the Lebanese situation. Additional, Joseph Carens’ theory concerning ethics in migration is implemented parallel with the two models, to enhance the analytical tools and to introduce a normative perspective. Regarding the empirical result, three distinct perspectives are utilized in order to cope with the situation on a fair and nuanced ground. The Syrian refugees themselves, international involvement and the Lebanese government are presented as the empirical pathways throughout this paper. Concluding results of this paper tends to pinpoint uncertainty and unawareness to be the key factors in explaining the actions of the Lebanese government. Based on the theoretical framework presented in this paper, there is an established tendency to conclude that Syrian refugees has not been treated accordingly to ethical concepts. Because of the distinct ideal differences between the two theoretical models, the results tend to be more evident. The Lebanese government has initially tended to affiliate itself with the liberal model. However, as time has progressed the government has acted accordingly to the state sovereignty model, with not acknowledging ethical limitations in its decision making. While remaining in the grasp of the state sovereignty model, the government and the civil society has begun lighting sparks in actions that have been taken. These actions tend to recognize ethical limitations, thus moving Lebanon towards the liberal model, but far from being completely implemented. In summary, Lebanon’s situation has brought it to a tendency to conduct temporary policies in an increasingly permanent situation.
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Charupa, Kotsuba, and Panasiuk. "INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION." Thesis, Київ 2018, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/33677.
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Chowdhury, Mehdi Mahmud. "Essays on international migration." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12013/.
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In recent time efforts are observed in re-evaluating the linkage between economic development and international migration. The thesis can be considered as an attempt to add something to those efforts. In this thesis we mainly analyse the effects of competition among the countries in international labour market and effects of migration on the research activities of firms. As appeared, these two issues so far have not received much attention of economic literature. We analyse the above mentioned two issues in chapters 4, 5 and 6 of the thesis. Before conducting the main analysis of the thesis, we have explored available data and literature on international migration in chapter 2 and 3. The two chapters were designed to give a global overview of international migration. In chapter 2 we have discussed about international migration using available statistics obtained from secondary sources. The data shows a steady but relatively slow growth rate of world migration since the World War Two. It has however been observed that migration of educated people has increased in recent times. We also have observed that remittances as a percentage of GDP and export are very high in many countries which confirm the importance of remittances. The data also shows that proximity of a wealthy country is an important determinant of international migration destination. In chapter 3 we have reviewed some issues of international migration. The discussion has covered the issues like the determinants of international migration, performance of migrants and consequences of migration in host country, ‘Brain Drain’ or ‘Brain Gain’, migration, remittances and economic development, initiatives of international bodies in international migration. Temporary migration has received special attention in the discussion. Many insights of the research conducted in the thesis have come directly from the reviews conducted in chapter 3. Chapter 4 and 5 set up models where two countries are engaged in competition with each other in sending people aboard. The competition in international labour market is immensely important in many developing countries. Many countries are highly dependent on the remittances thus competing with other countries in sending people to work abroad. These competitions play an active role in intergovernmental negotiations as the countries require to balance between ‘promotion’ of overseas employment and ‘protection’ of migrants. Within economic literature we have not seen efforts to model this competition of labour exporting countries. Chapter 4 has modelled a situation where two exporting countries send labour to a third country. This chapter assumes unskilled migration as such labour migration is entirely controlled by the respective governments. The governments want to send labour to get remittances in return thus engage in a Cournot-type competition with the other labour exporting country. The importing country on the other hand acts as a Stackelberg leader as it sets up its immigration tax policies by moving first. We have observed that the labour importer uses discriminatory tax policies for the different labour exporting countries to fulfil its national objective. The tax rate is higher for the country with higher labour endowment. Chapter 5 has adopted a similar model as chapter 4. However the assumption of unskilled migration has been replaced by the assumption of skilled migration. It is thus assumed that migrants do not need governments’ assistance to migrate or governments are not in a position to control migration. Thus they use taxes to control migration and maximise national income. In this regard the exporting countries engage in Bertrand type competition with each other in setting emigration tax rate. We have found that skilled migrants should be taxed by the exporting countries to maximise national income. The importing country again resorts to the discriminatory tax policy as obtained in chapter 4. The tax rate is as before higher for the country with higher labour endowment The analysis of chapter 6 can be linked with the recent literature of ‘Brain Drain’. We have assumed a model where two countries are engaged in strategic trade with each other. We have then analysed effects of labour market openness and migration on research and development of countries. It is assumed that the wage rates of one country is higher than the other country’s which gives the rationale for migration. With the opening up of labour market and threat of possible migration, wage rates of both skilled people who conduct research and unskilled people who conduct production fall. We have analysed mainly three cases – (1) only labour-importing country conducts R&D, (2) only labour exporting country conducts R&D and (3) both countries conduct R&D simultaneously. The analysis shows that the possibility of migration of only skilled people always increases R&D. It also increases welfare by reducing the price of output. However the migration of unskilled people may not always increase welfare. We expect that the analysis done in the thesis will be able to provide some guidelines in migration policy making. Firstly we observe no strong coalition among the labour sending countries to manage and control international migration, though labour importing countries are to some extent managing migration jointly. This thesis along with any possible future work may provide guidance in joint management of international migration by the exporting countries. Secondly, many exporting countries are subsidising skilled migration by providing training and other supports. The thesis is suggesting that labour exporting countries should tax the skilled migrants. In this regard the issue of skilled migration may need re-evaluation. Thirdly, the thesis is pointing towards some possible gains from skilled migration through increased research and development. This position is to some extent at a par with the literature of ‘Brain Drain’ that pointed towards the beneficial effects of skilled migration. In summary it appears that we have obtained some interesting results in the analysis done in the thesis. We hope that they will be proved useful in migration policies and will contribute in future progress of both developed and developing countries.
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Slaymaker, Rachel. "Essays on international migration." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50664/.
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Immigration has become an increasingly salient issue across Europe in recent years. However, much of the existing economics literature focuses on the impact of immigration on labour markets. In order to gain a more complete understanding of the impact of immigration on a host country, it is important to take a broader perspective. In this thesis we investigate some of the wider effects of immigration on host countries and their native citizens. The thesis contains three self-contained chapters, each of which tries to establish the causal effects of immigration on a separate socio-economic aspect of the host country. Chapter 2 investigates the causal link between migration and trade flows. We exploit the large, exogenous increase in migrants to the UK as a result of the 2004 EU enlargement. In contrast to the standard gravity model approach, we use a difference-in-differences estimation strategy, which enables us to compare changes in UK trade flows with accession countries to changes in UK trade flows with other central and eastern European countries. At the product level, separating goods according to their informational content using the classification put forward by Rauch (1999), we find evidence that UK imports from accession countries increased, and that this was driven by differentiated goods. In Chapter 3 we investigate whether the proportion of migrants in a local area affects the success of an anti-immigration political party. Using Swedish municipality-level data, we focus on the impact of large inflows of migrants, many of whom were refugees, from non-OECD countries in the 1980s and 1990s. In order to address concerns over the endogeneity of migrant location, we exploit a refugee placement policy which aimed to disperse refugees across the country. Initial OLS estimates suggest that a one percentage point increase in the migrant share is associated with a 0.28 percentage point increase in the New Democracy vote share. However, we do not find evidence of a positive relationship between the arrival of refugees and the New Democracy vote share in our 2SLS estimation. Further analysis suggests that our OLS results are driven by municipalities surrounding the three major urban areas of Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmo. In addition, we find no evidence that natives responded to an influx of migrants by relocating to another area. In Chapter 4 we examine the relationship between immigration and house prices. Focusing on the case of England and Wales, we exploit variation in migrant inflows across local authority districts to identify the effects of migration on changes in house prices. We build on existing papers by conducting the analysis at the local authority district level which enables us to better account for unobserved local level characteristics. In addition, we then exploit data on the postcode of each individual housing transaction in an attempt to better control for housing quality. In our OLS specifications we find no conclusive evidence of any relationship between migrant inflows and changes in house prices. We then address endogeneity concerns by using an instrument based on historical settlement patterns. Although our 2SLS estimates suggest that a 1% increase in the migrant share is associated with a 2.4% fall in house prices, we show that this effect is driven by local authorities in London, and that our instrument based on historical migrant settlement patterns is weak and fails to fulfil the relevance requirement for local authorities outside of London. These findings cast doubt over the suitability of the shift-share instrument for addressing endogeneity concerns in this setting.
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Hoxhaj, Rezart. "Essays in international migration." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12019.
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Dans cette thèse, nous abordons deux thèmes de recherche étroitement liés à l'étude des migrations internationales. Bien qu'essentiels à la compréhension du phénomène migratoire, ces deux thématiques sont relativement peu développées dans la littérature existante. Dans un premier temps, nous traitons d'un déterminant fondamental de la migration : la formation des anticipations des migrants quant à leurs conditions de vie et leurs conditions économiques dans un pays (potentiel) de destination. Les perceptions relatives aux gains anticipés dans un pays de destination influencent l'inclination des migrants à se déplacer. Le premier essai de cette thèse porte sur les déterminants et les mécanismes de formation des anticipations de salaire dans le pays de destination des migrants. Dans un second temps, nous étudions l'impact de l'internationalisation des entreprises sur la migration du travail, et en particulier sur les mouvements internationaux de travailleurs qualifiés. Le second essai de cette thèse propose une analyse de la demande de travail, afin d'identifier les déterminants micro-économiques pouvant mener les entreprises étrangères à préférer des travailleurs étrangers à des travailleurs nationaux. Nous concentrons notre analyse sur l'Afrique, afin de mettre en lumière les effets potentiellement positifs de la migration internationale intra-firme sur le niveau de développement des pays receveurs. Le troisième essai de cette thèse propose un test empirique du modèle théorique récemment développé par Jayet et Marchal (2015), lequel prédit une relation de complémentarité entre flux de capitaux et flux de travailleurs qualifiésThis thesis investigates two topics which are crucial in the context of international migration flows but that have been so far rather neglected by the existing literature. The first topic concerns a fundamental determinant of migration, the expectations of migrants about life and economic conditions in the (potential) destination country. Migrants' perceptions about potential gains at destination influence their propensity to move. The first essay of this thesis sheds light on the mechanisms and determinants that influence immigrants’ expected wages at destination. The second topic addressed in this thesis – developed in the second and third essays – concerns the impact of firms' internationalization on labour migration, with a particular focus on the international movement of skilled workers. More in specific, in the second essay of this thesis, I employ a labour demand approach to understand the firm–level determinants that induce foreign firms to use foreign workers instead of native workers. Our focus on Africa, a growingly important destination in the geography of global investments flows, allows me to shed some lights on the potential pro-development effects of intra-firm international migration. In the third essay, I test empirically a recent theoretical model developed by Jayet and Marchal (2015) which predicts complementarity between capital flows and skilled workers migration flows. The primary objective of this study is to contribute to the debate on the relationship existing between migration and FDI flows. In addition, the analysis investigates some important country characteristics and factors that affect both FDI attraction and skilled worker migration
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Signorotto, C. "ESSAYS ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/335010.
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This dissertation studies the economic implications of international migration for receiving countries. It
investigates, on the one hand, the close interplay between citizens' attitudes towards international migration,
the media coverage of politicians and politicians' accountability in the formation of migration policies, and,
on the other hand, the international transferability of human capital and immigrant performance in the host
country labor market.
After a review of the main literature on how immigration impacts the receiving country by affecting
the broad demographic trends, public finances and the demand and supply of health care (Chapter 1), the
investigation focuses on international migration and the destination country sentiment towards immigrants,
which may affect the behavior of politicians in the design of migration policies (Chapter 2). Finally, chapter
3 focuses on immigration in Italy and the transferability of immigrants' human capital in the Italian labor
market, investigating the profile of immigrants' returns to education and of immigrant-native wage differentials
over time.
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FALCO, CHIARA. "Essays on International Migration." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/95498.
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The thesis is composed by four chapters on International Migration.
The first chapter examines how the educational level attained by individuals affects their migration propensity. Using an original 2006 Ecuadorian survey, we implement a Regression Discontinuity Design and we control for potential endogeneity of the education explanatory variable with the 1977 school reform in Ecuador. We find that an increase in the educational level affects positively the migration propensity. Considering both country-specific characteristics and gender differentials, there is a positive and significant effects on the female migration propensity while no impact on male migration behavior. The results are consistent with theoretical models related to positive self-selection in response to labor market distortions.
The second chapter inquires empirically how migrants' desire to send remittances back home fosters integration at destination. Starting from a model by Stark and Dorn (2013) in which the aspiration to remit is shown to induce migrants to acquire costly host-country specific social and human capital in order to obtain higher income, we measure migrants' integration effort by social participation. Our results confirm the theoretical model.
The third chapter presents a theoretical framework to explain how cultural traits affect willingness to migrate, focusing in particular on the role played by radical Islam. In our model, more radical values imply a higher psychological cost of migrating deriving from the fact that connections with socio-religious friends and neighbors are not maintained
after migration, thus deterring individuals from migrating (Mayers, 2000). We test the prediction of the model by using micro-level data from the Arab Barometer. The results indicate that, ceteris paribus, more radical individuals are less willing to migrate. This finding is robust to alternative specifications of the model and to the use of econometric
techniques aimed at addressing the potential endogeneity of radical Islam. The result is also qualitatively unchanged when using aggregate data on actual outows of migrants.
This paper contributes to the literature on the individual-level determinants of the willingness to migrate and the cultural determinants of economic outcomes.
The fourth chapter aims to find how education is related to the probability to remit (i.e., extensive margin) and the level of remittances (i.e., intensive margin). Using the Spanish National Immigrant Survey from 2007 and selecting migrants from Ecuador. Our findings indicate that, after controlling for a wide set of individual covariates, there exists a negative association between remittances and migrants' educational level both at the extensive and intensive margin.
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Rudd, Dianne Marie. "Women and migration : internal and international migration in Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr914.pdf.
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Cattaneo, Cristina. "Three Essays on International Migration." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506846.
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Valette, Jérôme. "Three essays on international migration." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD008/document.
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Le sujet des migrations internationales a récemment fait l’objet d’une attention sans précédent dans l’opinion publique comme dans les médias. Or, si le débat sur les effets des migrations internationales semble plus que jamais d’actualité, celui-ci attire l’attention des économistes depuis plusieurs décennies déjà. La présente thèse s’insère ainsi dans la littérature économique sur les effets des migrations internationales en proposant trois essais empiriques sur les implications de la mobilité humaine, à la fois pour les migrants, les natifs dans leur pays d’accueil et leurs proches restés dans leur pays d’origine. Le Chapitre 2 revisite de manière empirique l’impact du multiculturalisme (mesuré par un indice de diversité à l’intérieur du groupe des migrants et par des effets de contamination) sur les performances macro-économiques des États Américains sur la période 1960-2010. Nous distinguons les effets du multiculturalisme par niveaux d’éducation, en contrôlant pour les variables standards de la littérature sur la croissance ainsi que pour l’hétérogénéité inobservée et en prenant en compte le statut légal des migrants ainsi que leur âge d’entrée aux États-Unis. Dans le but d’identifier un effet causal, nous comparons plusieurs stratégies d’identification différentes de la littérature existante. Nos résultats convergent vers un effet robuste positif et significatif de la diversité des diplômés du tertiaire sur le PIB par tête. Aucun effet de la diversité pour les niveaux d’éducation inférieurs, ou d’effets de contamination ne sont mis en évidence. Le Chapitre 3 s’insère dans la littérature sur les déterminants de la performance des migrants sur le marché du travail dans leur pays d’accueil. Nous regardons si l’attitude des natifs affecte ou non les durées de chômage des migrants en Allemagne. En utilisant des données de panel (GSOEP) au niveau individuel sur la période 1984-2012 et un modèle de durée, nous trouvons que des niveaux de confiance plus faibles des natifs envers les résidents d’un pays donné (mesurés à l’aide des enquêtes Eurobarometers) sont associés à des durées de chômage plus longues pour les immigrés originaires de ce pays. Nos résultats soulignent le fait que, différents groupes d’immigrés font face à des obstacles différents en fonction de leur origine, pour s’insérer sur le marché du travail. Le Chapitre 4 cherche quant à lui à comprendre si les migrants au niveau international contribuent ou non au progrès technologique dans les pays en développement en induisant un transfert de connaissances productives de leur pays d’accueil vers leur pays d’origine. En utilisant un indicateur pour le niveau de connaissances productives de chaque pays (ECI) et les stocks bilatéraux de migrants vers 20 pays de l’OCDE, nous montrons que la migration internationale est un canal de transmission important de la technologieInternational migration recently attracted unprecedented public attention and media coverage. However, while the debate on the effects on international migration on the economy seems now more relevant than ever, it already attracts the attention of economic researchers for decades. The present thesis provides three empirical studies that investigate the implications of international migration both for migrants themselves, natives in their host countries and those left behind. Chapter 2 empirically revisits the impact of multiculturalism on the macroeconomic performance of US states over the 1960-2010 period. We test for skill-specific effects of multiculturalism, controlling for standard growth regressors and a variety of fixed effects, and accounting for the age of entry and legal status of immigrants. To identify causation, we compare various instrumentation strategies used in the existing literature. We provide converging and robust evidence of a positive and significant effect of diversity among college-educated immigrants on GDP per capita. Conversly, we find no impact of low-skilled diversity or contamination effects. Chapter 3 fits within the literature looking at the determinants of the performance of immigrants in the destination country labor markets. We investigate how natives’ attitudes affect immigrants’ unemployment duration in Germany. Using individual level panel data from the German Socio Economic Panel from 1984 to 2012, we use survival analysis methods to model immigrants’ unemployment durations. We find that lower trust levels of natives towards the citizens of a given country, measured using Eurobarometer surveys, positively influence the unemployment duration of immigrants originating from this country. Our results highlight the fact that immigrants face different obstacles depending on their origin when it comes to integrating destination country labor markets. Chapter 4 analyses whether international migrants contribute to increasing technological advances in developing countries by inducing a transfer of productive knowledge from developed countries back to migrants’ home countries. Using the Economic Complexity Index as a proxy for the amount of productive knowledge embedded in each countries and bilateral migrant stocks of 20 OECD destination countries, we show that international migration is a strong channel of technological transmission
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Tamura, Yuji. "Issues in contemporary international migration." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/67792/.
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Broadly speaking, we deal with government activities and their migration-related consequences in this dissertation. There are two parts. The first part examines the influence of social welfare provision on individual demands for immigration. In the second part, we study the impact of tight border control on the incidence of labour exploitation in the migrant smuggling market. In Part 1, we theoretically show that the existence of redistributive welfare programmes reduces the difference between individual demands for immigration by creating a common economic interest among heterogeneous citizens. By analysing a survey data set that contains individual responses to immigration-related questions in the European Union, we also study the importance of the perceived impact of immigration on the national labour market and the domestic public finance for the desirable level of immigration. In Part 2, our theoretical model suggests that the government's battle against migrant smuggling may increase the labour exploitation of migrants on average. Furthermore, the common use of social networks by which the information about reliable smugglers is transmitted to potential migrants suggests that the migrant smuggling market may converge to an exploitative state in the long run if smugglers are impatient.
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Abel, Guy J. "International migration flow table estimation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/69577/.
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A methodology is developed to estimate comparable international migration flows between a set of countries. International migration flow data may be missing, reported by the sending country, reported by the receiving country or reported by both the sending and receiving countries. For the last situation, reported counts rarely match due to differences in defnitions and data collection systems. In this thesis, reported counts are harmonized using correction factors estimated from a constrained optimization procedure. Factors are applied to scale data known to be of a reliable standard, creating an incomplete migration flow table of harmonized values. Cells for which no reliable reported flows exist are then estimated from a negative binomial regression model fitted using the Expectation- Maximization (EM) type algorithm. Covariate information for this model is drawn from international migration theory. Finally, measures of precision for all missing cell estimates are derived using the Supplemented EM algorithm. Recent data on international migration between countries in Europe are used to illustrate the methodology. The results represent a complete table of comparable ows that can be used by regional policy makers and social scientist alike to better understand population behaviour and change.
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Домашенко, Марина Дмитрівна, Марина Дмитриевна Домашенко, Maryna Dmytrivna Domashenko, and D. S. Pimonenko. "Ukraine in international migration processes." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86612.
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Bettin, Giulia. "Three essays on international migration." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242121.
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Gruici, Simona. "International Security : Crossing Borders: International Migration and National Security." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15242.
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One of the most dynamic events of our time is the large extent of population movements within and across national boundaries. The causes of this movement of people include economic hardship due to various natural calamities such as earthquakes, droughts, famine and floods, as well as economic hardship due to lack of income. Political instabilities represent a central factor that is forcing the population movements at both national and international level. In most of the cases, reality is beeing perceived as follows: if international security is enhanced, so is national security. However, the phenomenon of migration is perceived as being a greater challenge in the field of security towards failure states, rather than it might affect any welfare postindustrial states. Nowadays we are facing a more globalized security environment, fact that is actually providing other states with the possibility to create a better security for their own nations. In order to gain this security immunity, the states should be able to enforce and protect the migration policies within international security. The relationship between migration and security became increasingly complex in the new millennium. As it follows, the focus of this theme is the correlation between migration´s consequences, both positive and negative, towards national security of host states. Furthermore, the topic of this paper is extending over ´what terrorism implies´. In order to reach a clear understanding, it has been analyzed the phenomenon of globalization and its forthcoming implications within both terrorism and migration. As a result of this transformation, terrorism has the power now to threat much more countries in the global area. Nevertheless, the purpose of this thesis is to examine which factors have an impact on international security, within a continental similarity. The central focus reflects over the Euro-Mediterranean area and to certain extends over the United States. The considered factors are: migration, loss/gain of governmental control, the political reaction after the attack of 9/11, spread of democracy (e.g. globalization), and creating citizenship.
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Nefodova, A. A. "Migration policy and regulation of the international labor force migration." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75548.
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У роботі досліджено сутність міжнародної міграції робочої сили, класифікація цього явища та певні стратегії міграційної політики з метою запобігання нелегальної трудової міграції. Був проведений аналіз вже існуючих стратегій міграційної політики та їх ефективності. Основною метою цього дослідження є розробка рекомендацій щодо підвищення ефективності вже існуючих стратегій міграційної політики та внесення певних змін задля забезпечення їх більшої ефективності.The master’s thesis examines the essence of the term “international labor migration”, the classification of this phenomenon and certain strategies of migration policy in order to prevent illegal labor migration. The focus was on the analysis of the existing migration policy strategies and the effectiveness of these strategies. The main aim of this research is to develop recommendations for improving the effectiveness of existing migration policy strategies and for making some changes to improve its effectiveness.
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Berezin, Peter. "Spatial organization in international economics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ53727.pdf.
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Saraogi, Amrita. "Essays on international migration and remittances." Thesis, University of Kent, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.651283.
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During the last two decades, Central and East-European (CEE) countries and in particular, Moldova has experienced large-scale labour emigration as well as significant increases in the associated worker's remittance flows. At least one-fourth of Mo ldova's economically active population has emigrated and worker's remittances amount to some 30 percent of its GDP. Against this backdrop, the essays included in this thesis aim to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of remittance flows from workers in the host country to their household in the origin country through the investigation of three aspects: (1) the factors that account for the receipt of remittances across households in Moldova; (2) relationship between remittances and future migration intentions of non-migrants living in remittance receiving households; and (3) the impact of remittances on the enrolment status of children and young adults. Using household survey data for Moldova, the results show that altruism and investment are the two main motives behind remittance flows to Moldova. Moreover, the analysis also suggests that remittances help loosen the liquidity constraints of households. Thus, on one hand it is shown that remittances trigger migration intentions among nonmigrants either through their signalling property or through by alleviating credit constraints of recipient households. On the other hand, children in remittance-receiving families are more likely to be enrolled for education compared to similar children in non-recipient families.
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Oelgemoller, Eva Christina. "Migration management : the radical violence of the international politics of migration." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39688/.
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In the 1980s, the narrative of international migration was significantly altered in Europe. This thesis examines how this new narrative was brought about by policy-makers and shows how the narrative re-configured our understanding of international migration. Empirically, the focus of the thesis is the Inter-Governmental Consultations on Asylum, Refugee and Migration Policies in Europe, North America and Australia (IGC). These consultations are situated in the context of debates in the 1970s and 80s concerning ‘free-market conservatism'. The thesis argues that these debates comprised the conditions of possibility for the emergence of an 'informal plurilateralism'. Through thus far confidential memos between high ranking public servants, summaries distributed across embassies, background papers, minutes of meetings and personal letters, I trace the development of an altered discourse and the construction of a new figure: the ‘illegal migrant'. ‘Migration Management', I argue, is best seen as a hegemonic paradigm which embodies a tool-box of mechanisms for governments to deal with international migration; introduces a distinctive way of treating human mobility; prescribes specific ways of constructing migrants, including a minority of illegal migrants who remain just outside of the European external boundaries, stripped of their juridico-political status. As such, these migrants are suspended from the community of those with a place and function. The figure of the suspended migrant points to the disappearance of the political, understood as a space where public encounter of the heterogeneous is possible. This raises crucial questions about what democracy is, how it works and how the political can be realised in a climate where the logic of necessity and efficiency has filled the space previously occupied by bipolar grand-narratives. Most urgently, it raises questions about the way in which the value of a human being is established, granted or denied. Arendt and Rancière help me to start addressing these questions.
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Kiosses, William B. "Endothelial cell migration and cytoskeletal organization in situ." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0012/NQ28288.pdf.
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Bombarda, Pamela <1976>. "International trade and organization of firms." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/480/1/tesi_PamelaBombarda.pdf.
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Bombarda, Pamela <1976>. "International trade and organization of firms." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/480/.
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Klanarong, Nisakorn. "Female international labour migration from Southern Thailand /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk632.pdf.
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Vadean, Florin-Petru. "Essays in international migration and migrants' remittances." Thesis, University of Kent, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523526.
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Mascarenhas-Keyes, Stella. "Migration and the international Catholic Goan community." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400545.
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Magee, Jonathan D. "International labour migration in English league football." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245937.
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Shrestha, Maheshwor. "Essays on the determinants of international migration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104492.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 163-167).
This thesis explores the determinants of international migration of low-skilled workers, in particular, from Nepal to Malaysia and the Persian Gulf countries. The first chapter explores how potential migrants trade the risks (of mortality) with (financial) rewards of migrating abroad. The second chapter investigates how potential migrants learn about mortality rates abroad from the incidents of migrant deaths. The third chapter investigates how various 'push' and 'pull' shocks affect international migration when a low-cost low-return destination like India is also available for the migrants. Do potential migrants have accurate information about the risks and returns of migrating abroad? And, given the information they have, what is their revealed willingness to trade risks for higher earnings? To answer these questions, the first chapter sets up and analyzes a randomized field experiment among 3,319 potential work migrants from Nepal to Malaysia and the Persian Gulf countries. The experiment provides them with information on wages and mortality incidences in their choice destination and tracks their migration decision three months later. I find that potential migrants severely overestimate their mortality rate abroad, and that information on mortality incidences lowers this expectation. Potential migrants without prior foreign migration experience also overestimate their earnings potential abroad, and information on earnings lowers this expectation. Using exogenous variation in expectations for the inexperienced potential migrants generated by the experiment, I estimate migration elasticities of 0.7 in expected earnings and 0.5 in expected mortality. The experiment allows me to calculate the trade-off the inexperienced potential migrants make between earnings and mortality risk, and hence their value of a statistical life (VSL). The estimates range from $0.28 million to $0.54 million ($0.97m - $1.85m in PPP), which is a reasonable range for a poor population. At this revealed willingness to trade earnings for mortality risk, misinformation lowers migration. In the second chapter, I study how potential work migrants infer mortality rates from incidents of migrant deaths. Using administrative databases on deaths and outflows of work-migrants from Nepal to Malaysia and the Persian Gulf countries, I investigate how death of a migrant from a district affects subsequent migration from the district. After controlling for confounds using district-month, destination-month and district-destination fixed effects, I find two key features of the migration response. First, migrant death lowers migration from the district in the subsequent 12 months. There is limited substitution across destinations as well as spillovers to neighboring districts. Second, the migration response to a migrant death is stronger when there are more migrant deaths in the recent past. This indicates that the potential migrants over-weight recent deaths in forming their beliefs on mortality rates abroad. I then convert the migration response to change in perceived mortality rate abroad using the earnings elasticity of migration and the value of statistical life from the first chapter. I find that one migrant death increases the perceived mortality rate by 6.7 per thousand for a two-year migration episode. This response is too large to be explained by a model of rational Bayesian learning. Models of learning fallacy, such as belief in the law of 'small' numbers, in conjunction with other heuristic decision making rules, can explain high response to death as well as large observed overestimation of mortality rate. In the third chapter, I study migration choices in the presence of liquidity constraints and varying costs of migration. I present a simple theoretical framework that analyzes migration response to both push and pull factors in such settings. This framework implies that a shock to the push factors in the origin leads to differential observed response to migration to various destinations, as they affect different parts of the wealth distribution. I test the implications of this framework in context of international migration from Nepal using a panel of 452 villages observed at three points in the 2000s. I use rainfall shocks and deaths due to conflict as 'push' shocks and growth in manufacturing and construction in destination countries as the 'pull' shocks. I find that a rainfall shock that increases household income by US$ 100 increases migration to India by 54 percent but has no effect on migration elsewhere. Increase in conflict, which reduces consumption and amenity of the wealthier more, increases migration abroad, particularly from the urban areas. Increase in demand from the destination countries, particularly the Gulf countries and Malaysia has strong effects on migration to those destinations. These findings are consistent with the theoretical framework, and suggest presence of large liquidity constraints. Increase in income can boost migration to India whereas a reduction in cost of migration might increase profitable migration elsewhere. The responsiveness to 'pull' shocks suggests that households are willing to take advantage of these opportunities.
by Maheshwor Shrestha.
Ph. D.
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Wang, Yun. "Three Essays on International Trade and Migration." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3803.
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My dissertation encompasses three different topics on empirical international trade and migration. The first chapter investigates the short run effects of regional trade agreements on trade costs. It is widely accepted that the reinforcement of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) aiming at trade costs reduction among trade partners requires time. This paper investigates the effects of RTAs on trade costs over time by using unique micro-price data. We confirm that having an RTA on average lowers trade costs significantly. Furthermore, data shows significant and negative effects of RTAs on trade costs over time. Specifically, besides the initial impact on trade costs, having an RTA continuously lower trade costs every year after the commencement of the RTA.
The second chapter decomposes the overall effects of gravity variables on trade through three gravity channels: duties/tariffs (DC), transportation-costs (TC), and dyadic-preferences (PC). Compared to the existing literature, additional channel of PC is introduced and shown to dominate the other two channels, with adjacency contributing about 45 percent, distance about 32 percent, colony about 14 percent, free trade agreements about 7 percent, and language about 2 percent. The results imply that gravity variables mainly capture the effects of demand shifters rather than supply shifters (as implied by the existing literature).
The third chapter utilizes an immigration inflow data set from OECD countries during the period of 1984 to 2015 to shed light on how institutional quality affects the immigration rate. With the analysis in the fixed-effects framework, we construct a set of country-time specific institutional quality indexes to examine their effects on the immigration rate. The paper shows that other than the network effects, GDP difference, and migration costs, institutional qualities in both destination and source countries matter when it comes to potential migration decisions. Specifically, better socioeconomic conditions in the destination countries, and worse foreign debt, budget balance, government stability, internal conflicts, and corruption conditions in the source countries increase the immigration inflow.
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Disbudak, Cem. "International Migration, Transnational Migration, And The Making Of Corum As An "." Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/1103241/index.pdf.
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International migration is an important issue that has become even more important with the recent globalization process and economic restructuring. Economic activities that stem from this process have provided new opportunities for labor
exporting countries. In the past, the focus was on remittances but today the entrepreneurial activities of transnational entrepreneurs have become more important.
Many developing countries have recently concentrated their policies upon this group of entrepreneurs and they try to increase the economic benefits from their activities.
Turkey is also one of the major labor exporting countries. New economic opportunities that concern the activities of transnational entrepreneurs have emerged for Turkey
recently. These entrepreneurs are very important especially at the regional level. In Çorum, several transnational entrepreneurs founded their firms. They contribute to employment, exports and income considerably. These entrepreneurs succeed by making use of their social capital and network. They also create positive externalities by encouraging other local entrepreneurs to export. Our findings show that these entrepreneurs need consulting and information
therefore, the state should get involved in this process more actively. Only then can one expect greater benefits from the ongoing process.
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Sirkeci, Ibrahim. "Migration, ethnicity and conflict : the environment of insecurity and Turkish Kurdish international migration." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6007/.
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This thesis examines the motivations, mechanisms and prospects of Turkish Kurdish international migration in relation to the Environment of Insecurity as a set of combined socio-economic and political factors triggered by an ethnic conflict. The analysis focuses on three different, but complementary, levels of analysis. The research comprises first, the analysis of the environment of insecurity in Turkey emphasising its broader socio-economic, legal-political, and demographic aspects; second, the patterns and processes of international migration involving Turkish Kurds investigating the motivations, the mechanisms, and the future migration potentials; third, the role of the expression of ethnicity and of ethnic conflict. A mixed method approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods to address different levels of analysis and different aspects of migration is adopted. The analysis of Turkish Demographic Health Survey data examines the extent to which an environment of insecurity exists for Turkish Kurds. The findings of the Turkish International Migration Survey data outline the patterns of individual migration motives, mechanisms and future intentions. Finally, semi-structured in-depth interviews examine the role of the ethnic conflict and the expression of ethnicity to clarify the relationship between Turkish Kurdish international migration and the ethnic environment of insecurity while also presenting a live account of migration motivations and mechanisms. The research shows that the environment of insecurity is an issue of ethnic conflict and it constitutes the major facilitating factor in Turkish Kurdish international migration resulting in large asylum migration flows. Due to the armed ethnic conflict between the PKK and the Turkish Army in Turkey during the last two decades of the last century, recent migration patterns of Turkish Kurds are dominated by clandestine migration. Along with legal migrations (e.g. economic, family, education), irregular migration appears as a strong trend involving asylum migration and illegal migration. Tightening immigration controls in Europe also prompts this. The conflict situation also serves as an opportunity framework for some who wanted to migrate. While migration is appearing as a liberating event for Turkish Kurdish ethnicity it is found that Kurdish immigrants have not fully exploited the opportunities for exercising their ethnicity. However, for many, migration from Turkey to Germany is an act of escape and so is an expression of ethnicity.
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López, de Lara Espinosa Dainzú. "La política exterior de México durante el gobierno de Vicente Fox (2000-2006). Entre tradición y cambio." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030157/document.
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Le développement démocratique engendre-t-il un changement dans la politique étrangère du Mexique ?La politique étrangère « traditionnelle » mexicaine est réputée pour être passive, légaliste et nationaliste, telle la définie le Parti Révolutionnaire Institutionnel au début du XXème siècle, jusqu’à la fin des années 1990. Depuis cette date, la politique étrangère mexicaine est en pleine transition sous l’effet d’un nouvel ordre mondial et du processus de démocratisation interne.En 2000, l’élection du président Fox jouit d’une légitimité internationale qui lui permet de renouveler la politique extérieure en se focalisant sur la défense des droits de l’Homme et de la démocratie. Ce changement diplomatique marque une rupture politique avec le régime précédent.Par le biais de la révision du ALENA, il cherche d’une part, à approfondir l’intégration avec les États-Unis avec la négociation d’un accord migratoire, et d’autre part, à développer une activité multilatérale, en particulier au sein des forums de l’ONU. Cette politique vise à réduire la dépendance du Mexique vis-à-vis des États-Unis en intensifiant sa présence multilatérale. Cet objectif sera néanmoins fortement perturbé par des éléments internes, comme l’inertie bureaucratique, et externes, avec les attentats terroristes du 11 septembre.Cette recherche s’appuie sur la littérature politiste spécialisée sur la politique étrangère mexicaine.Elle critique les analyses qui s’attachent exclusivement à démontrer le manque d’habilité et les erreurs diplomatiques de l’administration Fox. La thèse soutient au contraire, que ces changement sont permis de mettre sur l’agenda politique des dossiers fondamentaux comme la politique migratoire, les droits de l’Homme et la coopération pour le développementHas Mexican foreign policy changed with the advent of the new democratic rule in Mexico?Traditional Mexican Foreign Policy, known as passive, reactive, legalistic, and nationalistic, was installed by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) from the start of the 20th century to the late90s. Since that date, Mexican foreign policy faces a double transformation dynamic: the external,with the establishment of a new world order; and the internal, with the Mexican democratization process.2000 elections, depicted as a transparent process, gave president Vicente Fox sufficient international legitimacy to modify foreign policy agenda, introducing the protection of human rights and democratic values. These changes produce a political rupture with the previous regimeand triggered a change in the foreign policy behaviour.The new foreign policy program includes a complementary strategy: first, widen the regional integration within the United States, by the revision of the NAFTA, with a negotiation of amigration agreement; second, deploying a strong multilateral activity (mainly United Nationsforums). This stratagem seeks to reduce Mexico’s U.S. dependence, by intensifying its multilateral presence. But, internal and external causalities, inertial bureaucratic practices and the effects of September 11 reversed this policy.This research is based on political literature specialized in Mexican foreign policy. It critically analyzes the classic approach that focus exclusively on the lack of diplomatic skill and blunders of Fox’s administration. This thesis argues instead that these changes have helped set the politicalagenda of fundamental issues as migration policy, human rights and development cooperation
¿Hubo cambio en la política exterior de México con la llegada de la democracia?La política exterior “tradicional” de México, conocida como pasiva, legalista y nacionalista,instalada a inicios del siglo XX por el Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) se enfrenta, en los años noventa, a un doble contexto de transición: el externo, ante la influencia de un nuevo orden mundial; y el interno, con el proceso de democratización. La elección del 2000, considerada un proceso electoral transparente y equitativo, le otorga algobierno de Fox una legitimidad internacional que le permite proponer una agenda de política exterior “nueva”, centrada en la protección de los derechos humanos y la democracia. Esto representa una ruptura política con respecto al régimen anterior y un signo de cambio en el comportamiento hacia el exterior.El nuevo programa de política exterior incluye una estrategia complementaria: primero, profundizar la integración con Estados Unidos, mediante la revisión del TLCAN, con la negociación de un acuerdo migratorio; y segundo, una actividad multilateral, particularmente en los foros de la ONU. Esta política busca reducir la dependencia de Estados Unidos, intensificando su presencia multilateral. Este objetivo es revertido a causa de factores tanto de causalidad interna como externa,como las inercias burocráticas y los efectos de los atentados del 11 de septiembre.Esta investigación se basa en la literatura especializada sobre la política exterior mexicana, y criticalos análisis enfocados exclusivamente en la falta de habilidad y los errores diplomáticos de la administración Fox. Esta tesis sostiene lo contrario, que estos cambios permitieron meter en la agenda política temas fundamentales como la política migratoria, los derechos humanos y la cooperación para el desarrollo
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Lu, Min. "Essays on international economics and industrial organization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31391.
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This dissertation addresses two issues in international economics and one issue in industrial organization. The first two chapters use sticky-price intertemporal optimizing models with incomplete financial markets to analyze the dynamics of the current account after technology shocks and the effects of the optimal monetary policy on current account movements. The third chapter models the upgrade behavior of existing software users and new software users under two market structures. The first chapter studies a small open economy with two sectors. In a perfect foresight, rational expectation general equilibrium model, with sticky prices in the non-traded goods sector, the evolution of the current account following a positive technology shock is efficient even without time consistent optimal monetary policy. The second chapter extends the general equilibrium model to a two-country economy and analyzes the effects of the optimal monetary policy on current account dynamics. The welfare gain for home households from the individual optimal expansionary monetary policy mainly comes from the home country's terms of trade improvement when most firms price the export prices in buyer currency. The third chapter finds that, for the new software version, the software vendor should offer a price discount to existing users and charge a higher price to new users if software users are sufficiently heterogeneous. For the old software version, a price discount should be applied to existing users with a higher price to new users if the price of the co-existing new version is high.Arts, Faculty of
Vancouver School of Economics
Graduate
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Galgau, Olivia. "Essays in international economics and industrial organization." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210773.
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The aim of the thesis is to further explore the relationship between economic integration and firm mobility and investment, both from an empirical and a theoretical perspective, with the objective of drawing conclusions on how government policy can be used to strengthen the positive impact of integration on investment, which is crucial in moving and maintaining countries at the forefront of the technology frontier and accelerating economic growth in a world of rapid technical change and high mobility of ideas, goods, services, capital and labor.The first chapter aims to bring together the literature on economic integration, firm mobility and investment. It contains two sections: one dedicated to the literature on FDI and the second covering the literature on firm entry and exit, economic performance and economic and business regulation.
In the second chapter I examine the relationship between the Single Market and FDI both in an intra-EU context and from outside the EU. The empirical results show that the impact of the Single Market on FDI differs substantially from one country to another. This finding may be due to the functioning of institutions.
The third chapter studies the relationship between the level of external trade protection put into place by a Regional Integration Agreement(RIA)and the option of a firm from outside the RIA block to serve the RIA market through FDI rather than exports. I find that the level of external trade protection put in place by the RIA depends on the RIA country's capacity to benefit from FDI spillovers, the magnitude of set-up costs of building a plant in the RIA and on the amount of external trade protection erected by the country from outside the reigonal block with respect to the RIA.
The fourth chapter studies how the firm entry and exit process is affected by product market reforms and regulations and impact macroeconomic performance. The results show that an increase in deregulation will lead to a rise in firm entry and exit. This in turn will especially affect macroeconomic performance as measured by output growth and labor productivity growth. The analysis done at the sector level shows that results can differ substantially across industries, which implies that deregulation policies should be conducted at the sector level, rather than at the global macroeconomic level.
Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished