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Relevant bibliographies by topics / International relations – Europe, Western

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Academic literature on the topic 'International relations – Europe, Western'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "International relations – Europe, Western"

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Bashirova, G. "Western Europe in North-South Relations." World Economy and International Relations, no. 10 (1990): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-1990-10-134-139.

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Hyde-Price, Adrian G. V. "Eroding empire: Western relations with Eastern Europe." International Affairs 64, no. 1 (1987): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621549.

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Campbell, John C., and Lincoln Gordon. "Eroding Empire: Western Relations with Eastern Europe." Foreign Affairs 66, no. 2 (1987): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20043433.

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Lake, David A. "Anarchy, hierarchy, and the variety of international relations." International Organization 50, no. 1 (1996): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081830000165x.

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Security relations between states vary along a continuum from anarchic alliances to hierarchic empires. This continuum, in turn, is defined by the parties' rights of residual control. The state's choice between alternatives is explained in a theory of relational contracting as a function of the expected costs of opportunism, which decline with relational hierarchy, and governance costs, which rise with relational hierarchy. A comparison of early postwar relations between the United States and Western Europe and the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe illustrates the theory.

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Brunatti, Andrew D., and David M. Malone. "Fading Glories? India’s Relations with Western Europe and Russia." International Relations 24, no. 3 (2010): 341–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117810377375.

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Foulon, Michiel, and Gustav Meibauer. "Realist avenues to global International Relations." European Journal of International Relations 26, no. 4 (2020): 1203–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066120926706.

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Realism has long been criticized by global IR, but the former can contribute to the latter and thereby improve explanations of international relations. Global IR criticizes that realism supposedly applies universally, sidelines non-Western perspectives, and misunderstands much of foreign policy, grand strategy, and international affairs. Reviewing global IR’s case against realism, however, exposes avenues for realism to complement global IR. Realism can contribute to a more global understanding of international relations through its most recent variant: neoclassical realism (NCR). This newest

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Duzgun, Eren. "Capitalism, Jacobinism and International Relations: Re-interpreting the Ottoman path to modernity." Review of International Studies 44, no. 2 (2017): 252–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210517000468.

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AbstractDebates over ‘modernity’ have been central to the development of historical-sociological approaches to International Relations (IR). Within the bourgeoning subfield of International Historical Sociology (IHS), much work has been done to formulate a historically dynamic conception of international relations, which is then used to undermine unilinear conceptions of global modernity. Nevertheless, this article argues that IHS has not proceeded far enough in successfully remedying the problem of unilinearism. The problem remains that historical narratives, informed by IHS, tend to transhis

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Mudde, Cas. "Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe." Acta Politica 39, no. 3 (2004): 328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500070.

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Taggart, Paul. "New populist parties in Western Europe." West European Politics 18, no. 1 (1995): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402389508425056.

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Duzgun, Eren. "The international relations of ‘bourgeois revolutions’: Disputing the Turkish Revolution." European Journal of International Relations 24, no. 2 (2017): 414–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066117714527.

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The study of revolutions is at the forefront of the growing field of International Historical Sociology. As International Historical Sociology scholars have sought to uncover the spatio-temporally changing character of international relations, they have come a long way in overcoming ‘unilinear’ and ‘internalist’ conceptions of revolutionary modern transformation. In this article, I re-evaluate the extent to which the International Historical Sociology of ‘bourgeois revolutions’ has succeeded in remedying unilinear conceptions of the transition to modernity. I argue that ‘consequentialist’ appr

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International relations – Europe, Western"

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Sjursen, Helene. "The United States, Western Europe and the Polish crisis : international relations in the second Cold War /." Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/355061309.pdf.

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Nasho, Ah-Pine Elda. "Une communauté de sécurité en Europe ? : l'exemple des Balkans occidentaux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH034.

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Les Balkans occidentaux (BO), déchirés après 1989 par les guerres dont les plus sanglantes et les plus problématiques en Bosnie-Herzégovine, au Kosovo, et en Albanie, ne pouvaient plus laisser indifférentes les puissances occidentales, et en particulier l’OTAN et l’UE. La survenue de ces conflits a confronté en effet les pays européens à la guerre près de chez eux signifiant une éventuelle déstabilisation de la région et la gestion d’un grand nombre d’immigrés en provenance des BO. C’est pourquoi l’OTAN et l’UE se sont depuis largement investies dans des missions de pacification et de reconstr

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Moody, George. "The renovation of Western hegemony : European alternatives in international relations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54594/.

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European intellectual production on international relations is central to the renovation of Western hegemony in the post-Cold War, ‘post-American' world. This includes both policy and academic discourses and a focus of this work is an account of the fields in which these discourses are generated that relates them at a deep level. Working within ‘Amsterdam School' accounts of European integration, I develop the focus on class formation and the internal relation between class and the international for the post-Cold War era. The ‘shift to Europe' within the previously Anglo-centric Atlantic trans

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Tsagkroni, Vasiliki. "Political communication in perspective : identifying the message of radical right parties in Europe during the first decade of the 21st century : a comparative case study." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9026.

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The thesis aims primarily to analyse the communication strategies of radical right parties. More specifically, the research examines three cases of radical right parties in Western Europe during the first decade of the twenty-first century with particular emphasis on the political communication along with marketing and branding techniques used to engage with the electorate to gain and maintain electoral support. These case studies comprise the Greek Popular Orthodox Rally (LA.O.S.), the Swiss People’s Party (SVP) and the Italian National Alliance (AN). Different forms of content analysis are u

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Beckfield, Jason. "The consequences of regional political and economic integration for inequality and the welfare state in Western Europe." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3183488.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Sociology, 2005.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-08, Section: A, page: 3111. Adviser: Arthur S. Alderson. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 5, 2006).

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Parry, Joy. "Companies of clouds : the development of multilateral cultural cooperation in western European international organisations." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36362/.

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This thesis traces the development of styles and theories of cultural cooperation from the pre-World War II models developed by France and Britain in particular, through the post-WWII international cooperation structures which included cultural cooperation as part of their structures. Organisations considered include the International Committee for Intellectual Cooperation, the Brussels Treaty Organisation, the Council of Europe and the European Union, focusing primarily on the non-educational or scientific aspects of cultural cooperation. Sources used include documentation of the two latter b

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Beltran, Veda Elizabeth. "Xenophobia, Populism, and the Rise of the Far-Right in France and Germany." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1478.

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The purpose of this study is to further examine the populist wave that has struck the West, with specific regards to France and Germany. The growing anti-immigrant sentiment, the discontent with “establishment” politics, and fear-mongering tactics has given rise to far-right political parties such as the National Front and the Alternative for Germany. These political parties prove threatening to the democratic institutions in place, for they wish to limit the liberties of those who seem too different. Through delving into the core values of these countries and specific events revolving around

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Davis, Brandon S. "State Cyber Operations and International Law: Russian and Western Approaches." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523531316393533.

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Marazopoulos, Christos. "Constructing the Western Balkans : understanding the European Commission's regional approach from a constructivist perspective." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607143.

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The thesis traces the construction of the Western Balkans since the end of the armed conflict in 1995. The term Western Balkans has become a commonplace in international politics that refers to a recognisable region on the European map – ignoring that it does not constitute a historical formation of European and Balkan politics. Most contemporary analysis focuses on functional aspects of economic cohesiveness and security interdependence. However, this thesis argues that the concept of Western Balkans is better understood as a social construction, externally-driven. The argument is that the We

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Potter, Shannon L. "The Influence of Western Powers on Central and Eastern European Minority Protection Policy: the League of Nations Minorities Treaties and the EU Copenhagen Criteria." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281647235.

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Books on the topic "International relations – Europe, Western"

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Bahr, Egon. From Western Europe to Europe. The European Policy Unit at the European University Institute, 1992.

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1953-, Coker Christopher, ed. The United States, Western Europe and military intervention overseas. Macmillan, 1987.

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J, Brenner Michael, ed. Multilateralism and western strategy. Macmillan, 1994.

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Giuseppe, Schiavone, Istituto di studi europei "Alcide De Gasperi"., and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies., eds. Western Europe and South-East Asia: Co-operation or competition? Macmillan, 1989.

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J, Brenner Michael, ed. Multilateralism and western strategy. St. Martin's Press, 1994.

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Christopher, Coker, ed. The United States, Western Europe, and military intervention overseas. St. Martin's Press, 1988.

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Dawisha, Karen. Change in Eastern Europe: Soviet interests and Western opportunities. Atlantic Council of the United States, 1989.

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Dawisha, Karen. Change in Eastern Europe: Soviet interests and Western opportunities. Atlantic Council of the United States, 1989.

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Lundestad, Geir. The United States and Western Europe since 1945: From "Empire" by invitation to transatlantic drift. Oxford University Press, 2005.

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Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, ed. Rebooting the west: The US, Europe and the future of the Western Alliance. Routledge, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "International relations – Europe, Western"

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Tepavac, Tara. "“Motor of Europe” as a Potential Role Model for the Western Balkans." In Frontiers in International Relations. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55144-5_3.

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Sydiq, Tareq, and Maria Ketzmerick. "Decentralising Europe: Harnessing Alternative Theories of IR." In Non-Western Global Theories of International Relations. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84938-2_2.

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Lucas, Edward, and Bobo Lo. "Partnership Without Substance: Sino-Russian Relations in Central and Eastern Europe." In Russia-China Relations. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97012-3_11.

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AbstractIn recent years, the Sino-Russian partnership has emerged in Western eyes as the principal threat to the post-Cold War, rules-based international order. According to this narrative, the challenge is no longer simply one of China’s rise or Russia’s resurgence, but a growing strategic convergence: a mutually reinforcing “axis of authoritarians.” Talk of an alliance has become commonplace. In leading Western capitals, the Sino-Russian “comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era” has become the existential menace of our time. This sense of alarm has been heightened b

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Vuletic, Dean. "The Intervision Song Contest." In Music and Democracy. mdwPress / transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839456576-006.

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During the Cold War, Eastern Bloc broadcasting organizations held the Intervision Song Contest (ISC) as an alternative to Western Europe's Eurovision Song Contest (ESC). Staged in Czechoslovakia and Poland between 1964 and 1980, the ISC has usually been depicted in the popular media as merely a belated, fleeting copy of the ESC, with the ISC's failure being a metaphor for the decline of the economic and political systems of communist party-led Eastern Europe. However, unlike with the ESC, there has been little academic research on the ISC. This chapter is based on archival sources from nationa

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Rieker, Pernille, and Mathilde T. E. Giske. "Introduction." In The European Union in International Affairs. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44546-0_1.

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AbstractOver the past decade, the global geopolitical context has changed significantly. We have seen a power shift with a more assertive Russia and China and the rise of a more complex and competitive multi-polar system. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, international and European security has been placed on high alert. Transatlantic relations also seem to be strong—at least for now. Nevertheless, there is a general agreement that Europe must strengthen its capacity to ensure its own security. But how to make sense of European actorness—also referred to as European sover

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Dewen, Tian. "“Silk Road Spirit” and China–EU Civilization Partnership." In The Belt and Road Initiative. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-1128-7_3.

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Abstract After the world has entered the era of globalization, the Western international relations model characterized by exclusivity, antagonism, and power politics has occupied a dominant position, and various forms of conflicts among countries make mankind pay a painful price. At the conceptual level of international relations, the idea of international relations represented by the “Silk Road spirit” provides another possible substitute for the “Cold War mentality.” This paper holds that the “Silk Road spirit” featuring “peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and

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Burmester, Isabell. "EU and Russian Hegemonic Power Over Time: From a Common Neighbourhood Policy Towards Differentiation." In The European Union in International Affairs. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75488-3_6.

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Abstract This chapter synthesises the diachronic comparison of the EU and Russia’s use of hegemonic power mechanisms (coercion, prescription, and co-optation) over time in Moldova and Armenia. It highlights how these mechanisms evolved and became more interlinked for the EU, while Russia developed them separately. The EU increasingly utilised conditionality and sanctions, linking these to the promotion of “European values” and food safety rules. As EU-Russia relations grew more contentious, Russia’s co-optation activities became more confrontational, emphasising the Othering of the EU. The ana

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Kapitonenko, Mykola. "Non-Western approaches." In International Relations Theory. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003132769-12.

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Black, Jeremy. "International Relations." In Eighteenth-Century Europe. Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27768-1_10.

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Mazrui, Ali A. "Africa & Western Europe." In Africa’s International Relations. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429051630-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "International relations – Europe, Western"

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Drieniková, Kristína, Ľubica Zubaľová, and Marianna Bučányová. "EU-Russia Trade Under Sanctions: An Analysis of Trade Dynamics and Intensity." In 25th International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53465/ceecbe.2025.9788022552257.101-115.

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In recent years, there has been a marked escalation in tensions between Russia and Ukraine, culminating in an armed conflict. In response to this aggression, the international community has adopted a series of sanction measures as a form of protest. The European Union joined this effort, significantly affecting the development of bilateral relations not only from a political perspective but also in terms of trade. This has led to a substantial decline in the volume of mutual trade and a reduction in Russia's share of the EU's total trade. The aim of this paper is to highlight the development a

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Matysová, Kamila. "Cultural Adaptability of Students at the Faculty of International Relations of the Prague University of Economics and Business." In 25th International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53465/ceecbe.2025.9788022552257.214-223.

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One of the goals of preparing university students at the Faculty of International Relations of the Prague University of Economics is to develop intercultural communication competencies and the ability to adapt to dynamically changing economic and political environments, with a special focus on cultural adaptation. To achieve these goals, elements of intercultural training are incorporated into the compulsory and elective courses, and students also have the opportunity to develop these competencies during their foreign mobilities, international internships, or field internships. This paper disc

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Sajková, Patrícia, Elena Kašťáková, and Vladyslav Bato. "Trade and Sustainable Development Between the European Union and New Zealand." In 25th International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53465/ceecbe.2025.9788022552257.303-314.

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The bilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the European Union (EU) and New Zealand, concluded in May 2024, represents a significant advancement in their trade and economic relations. Both partners prioritize social, economic, and environmental objectives as integral components of their trade policies, reflecting shared values and a commitment to balanced growth. The paper assesses how trade policies can support environmental objectives and strengthen circular economy principles. A particular emphasis is placed on Chapter 19 of the EU-New Zealand FTA, titled "Trade and Sustainable Develop

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Chilkina, Ksenia, and Natalia Dorodonova. "Catholic Social Doctrine and Economic Policy in Western Europe." In IX International Scientific and Practical Conference “Current Problems of Social and Labour Relations" (ISPC-CPSLR 2021). Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220208.076.

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Chukov, Vladimir. "Reformation, Martin Luther (1483-1546), anti-Semitism and Islam." In 9th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade - Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.09.10093c.

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This study aims to present the philosophical-religious and political-social theses of Martin Luther, as well as the time-specific social construction in which his concepts were born. The research methodology is philosophical-historical, implying the following content of the text: Introduction; Erasmus of Rotterdam and Thomas More - they are perceived as harbingers of free thought in Europe, but at the same time, in principle, both Erasmus and More remained to a greater or lesser extent convinced Catholics. It is no accident that most of their works are studies of religious texts; The Reformati

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Okoutsidou, Maria. "The role and importance of school nurses in Greek schools." In 10th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade - Serbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.10.14117o.

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This study aims to present the philosophical-religious and political-social theses of Martin Luther, as well as the time-specific social construction in which his concepts were born. The research methodology is philosophical-historical, implying the following content of the text: Introduction; Erasmus of Rotterdam and Thomas More - they are perceived as harbingers of free thought in Europe, but at the same time, in principle, both Erasmus and More remained to a greater or lesser extent convinced Catholics. It is no accident that most of their works are studies of religious texts; The Reformati

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Karluk, S. Rıdvan. "EU Enlargement to the Balkans: Membership Perspective to the Balkan Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01163.

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After the dispersion of the Soviet Union, the European Union embarked upon an intense relationship with the Central and Eastern European Countries. The transition into capital market and democratization of these countries had been supported by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs at the beginning of 1989 before the collapse of the Soviet Union System. The European Agreements were signed between the EU and Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia on December 16th, 1991. 10 Central and Eastern Europe Countries became the members of the EU on May 1st, 2004. With the accession of Bulgaria and Romania into

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Gashi, Bejtush, and Arian Kadriu. "SECURITY CHALLENGES OF WESTERN BALKANS COUNTRIES, A NECESSITY FOR A REGIONAL COOPERATION." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.4.21.p04.

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After the end of the Cold War in the 1990s, the Western Balkan was one of the regions that experienced the most difficult transition because this process was accompanied by bilateral and multilateral conflicts, with local and regional wars, as well as with political and ethnic clashes. As a consequence, it was also politically fragmented on its map. The international community intervened in the Balkans with various civilian and military missions, respectively during the conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and North Macedonia. These international interventions have yielded concrete resu

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Trembošová, Miroslava, and Nina Machová. "Špecifiká chemického priemyslu v Nitrianskom samosprávnom kraji." In XXVI. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Masaryk University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0311-2023-17.

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The chemical industry has an important position within Slovakia. In 2022, total industrial production reached 10% of Slovakia's GDP, which according to Sario (2022) is 7.79 billion. €. On the territory of the Slovak Republic, it is concentrated exclusively in cities with a developed transport infrastructure. The aim of the paper is an idiographic analysis of the spatial relations of chemical industry subjects in the Nitra self-governing region with regard to selected localization factors, i.e. transport infrastructure, raw materials and settlements. In relation to the selected location factors

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Oğuz, Ahmet, and Gülçin Güreşçi Pehlivan. "Water Flowing Beyond Borders and Water Problems." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00548.

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The difficulty of drawing the borders of the Middle East originates from the fact that the region is not a clear geographical unit. This means that it is determined by the political and cultural elements as “The West”, not by the geographical element as the “Western Europe”. The important position of the region becomes clear with the production of petroleum. The petroleum of the Middle East meets a large part of the energy requirements of Europe and Asia, however almost everyone agrees that water began to take the place of petroleum and will be the most important natural resource in the near f

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Reports on the topic "International relations – Europe, Western"

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Allan, Duncan, and Ian Bond. A new Russia policy for post-Brexit Britain. Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784132842.

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The UK’s 2021 Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy describes Russia as ‘the most acute direct threat to [the UK’s] security’ in the 2020s. Relations did not get this bad overnight: the trend has been negative for nearly two decades. The bilateral political relationship is now broken. Russian policymakers regard the UK as hostile, but also as weaker than Russia: a junior partner of the US and less important than Germany within Europe. The consensus among Russian observers is that Brexit has reduced the UK’s international influence, to Russia’s benefit. The hist

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Ihsan, Yilmaz, and Morieson Nicholas. How China’s Rise as a ‘Civilization State’ Spurs European States to Challenge US Political Dominance. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0041.

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This article explores how China’s rise as a ‘civilization state’ encourages some European states to challenge US political dominance. While countries like Russia and Turkey have also employed civilizational populist rhetoric in domestic and foreign policy issues, this article focuses on Xi Jinping’s recent visits to France, Hungary, and Serbia and examines how European leaders like Emmanuel Macron, Viktor Orbán, and Aleksandar Vučić find inspiration in China’s civilizational model. Further research is needed on the growing civilizational competition between these states and the West, particula

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Cvijić, Srdjan, Nikola Dimitrov, Leposava Ognjanoska Stavrovska, and Ivana Ranković. Bilateral Disputes and EU enlargement: A Consensual Divorce. Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55042/xubk6023.

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Bilateral disputes between European Union member states and candidate countries are one of the key obstacles to EU enlargement. They have been plaguing the EU accession process ever since the breakup of Yugoslavia and the subsequent border dispute between EU member Slovenia and candidate country Croatia which then ensued. More recently we have the case of North Macedonia. It became a candidate country in 2005 but ever since, its accession negotiations have been bogged down by endless bilateral disputes. While the case of North Macedonia and its decades long conflicts with Greece and Bulgaria a

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Hagenlocher, Michael, Sanae Okamoto, Nidhi Nagabhatla, et al. Building Climate Resilience: Lessons from the 2021 Floods in Western Europe. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/incs5390.

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In July 2021, the Rhine-Meuse region straddling Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands was affected by devastating floods that have led to the loss of more than 240 lives and damage worth billions of Euros. The event was closely watched by regional agencies that had to organize response and recovery, and also received noticeable global attention. Diverse sets of responses and reflections accumulated among researchers, local and regional governments, local and international media, development organizations, public offices and citizen groups, wherein links to climate change and gaps in our prepare

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Carty, Anthony, and Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.

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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature

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Deutschmann, Emanuel. What do student visas cost? A global comparative analysis. Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), 2025. https://doi.org/10.46685/daadstudien.2025.04.

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A visa is often required for international student mobility. The costs for this vary enormously, as data from the Global Mobilities Project (GMP) shows. Students from the Global South sometimes pay more than twice as much as students from Europe. The differences are even greater when the standard of living is taken into account: While the costs for students from Western Europe amount to only a fraction of the average daily income, students from Central Asia would have to work for almost three weeks and those from sub-Saharan Africa for more than five weeks to afford a visa. The overall result

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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There i

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Hompot, Sebestyen. Keeping Moscow Onside – Beijing’s Main Priority in Ukraine. EuroHub4Sino, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31175/eh4s.167a.

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Key Takeaways • Beijing sees Moscow as its long-term strategic partner to reshape the international order, therefore has no serious intention to contradict Moscow’s interests in Ukraine. In spite of the contradictions with Beijing’s insistence on territorial sovereignty as a key principle of the international order, Beijing has provided vital economic and diplomatic support to Moscow to wage its war against Ukraine. • Ending the war in Ukraine is not a priority for Beijing and will not act against Moscow’s interests to achieve this. • The Ukraine war is mainly utilized by Beijing in multilater

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Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, et al. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry: A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.

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In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this indu

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Knaepen, Hanne. Climate risks in Tunisia: Challenges to adaptation in the agri-food system. European Centre for Development Policy Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc009.

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Tunisia’s agricultural system is central to the stability of the country, but it is also extremely prone to climate risks such as droughts and reduced or more variable rainfall. It is predicted that agricultural yields from key crops like wheat and olives will decline. These climate risks on Tunisia’s agricultural and wider food system can lead to socioeconomic instability and potentially cause security risks. Furthermore, these risks can have knock-on effects that cross national borders, sectors and systems. Tunisia’s capacity to adapt to climate change is undermined by three sets of politica

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