Dissertations / Theses: 'International Resource Development'

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Wessling, William T. "Institutional quality, economic development, and natural resource abundance| Towards and interactive model of development." Thesis, Webster University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1525314.

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The study of institutions (i.e., "the rules of the game" in a society) has grown from a small fringe subject in the late 1980s to a massive pillar in the current study of International Political Economy. Two thing has become clear during the course of this growth and the involved research it entails: (1) institutional Quality (especially quality of governance and rule of law) has a determinant effect on the GDP development of a given countries economy and (2) institutional quality has a determinant effect on whether a country is either "cursed" or "blessed" with natural resource abundance (i.e., whether they are growth "winners" or "losers" in terms of GDP development. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the presence of abundant natural resources amplifies this determinant effect when controlled for nonresource abundant states, and if so to what extent. The study ultimately finds amplification of the effect of institutional quality on GDP per capita when controlling for natural resource abundance, ultimately suggesting that resource abundance can be either a "blessing" or a "curse" depending on preexisting institutional quality. Secondary findings indicate the existence of a "slippage" effect in institutional quality once natural resources are introduced to a given state's economy.

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Sharma, Varinder M. (Varinder Mohan). "Development and Testing of a Resource-Based Theory of International Entry Mode Choice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279389/.

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A firm can deploy a variety of arrangements (entry modes) like wholly owned subsidiaries, joint ventures, contracts, and export modes to implement its product market strategies in foreign countries. Each of these arrangements entails decisions about the location of production facilities and/or marketing operations, and the type of ownership of these operations. The choice of an entry mode is of strategic importance to a firm because it can involve investment of substantial amount of resources and has a strong bearing on the firm's marketing mix. Due to its strategic importance, the entry mode choice phenomenon has been extensively researched. In the past, seven major theories have been proposed but none is able to explain the choice from the complete set of entry modes. Thus, there exists a gap between the theory and practice of entry mode choice. This study provides breakthrough on two fronts. First, it develops a new theory of entry mode choice grounded in the resource-based perspective of the firm. The theory posits that the decision to locate its production and/or marketing operations in a country is related to the actualizability of the firm's competitive advantage in that country. However, the ownership decision is related to the sustainability of that advantage. Second, based on this theory, a model is developed which explains entry mode choices from the complete set of entry modes. Mail survey responses of Presidents/CEOs of 163 American firms with international operations support the model. The proposed framework is an effort to fill the gap between theory and practice of entry mode choice. It is expected to make a substantial contribution toward developing a sound theory of international operations of the firm. The framework is broader in scope than the extant theories because it transcends across industries and nationalities of firms.

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Maggio, Gregory Francis. "The role of international law in promoting the sustainable development of natural resources : a focus on living resource regimes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283713.

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Hu, Desheng. "Water rights in China : an international and comparative study." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2004. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/cd5309dc-320b-4d20-8382-0fd6fb5b91fa.

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China, the world's most populous country, has been experiencing a severe water crisis. This has manifested itself through water shortages, water pollution and natural water disasters, and has been exacerbated by the rapid social and economic development that has taken place in the last two decades. To deal with these problems, an integrated water resources management programme, within which an effective and enforceable water rights system can play a key role, should emerge as soon as possible under the principle of sustainable development. However, there are many problems under the water rights system in the current Chinese water law, involving the property right of water resources, the human right to water, and the environmental right to water. ... this dissertation recommends a well structured water rights system under which the economic, social and environmental values of water resources co-exist equitably in harmony.

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Andrade, Gabriela Giselle. "Mineral Resource Governance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Strategies for Development and Poverty Alleviation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/417.

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Today, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) ranks extremely low in terms of development indicators even by regional standards. Poverty in the country is exacerbated by the DRC's long-embedded culture of political rent-seeking and corruption, which has historically shaped the government's involvement in the mining sector. By the 1990s, the government's mismanagement of the industrial mining sector led to its decreased productivity and near decline. At the same time, the artisanal mining sector has expanded, and now employs a large amount of the country’s poor. However, many issues remain related to the legal structure governing the artisanal mining sector and opportunities for artisanal miners to sell their products. This thesis explores the potential for transforming mining practices and market structures in the DRC to better promote development and poverty alleviation.

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Oge, Ibrahim Kerem. "Transparency Promotion in Resource-Rich Countries: External Remedies to Reverse the Curse in the Caspian." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3711.

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Thesis advisor: David A. Deese
My research builds upon the resource curse and external democracy promotion literatures to assess the prospects of transparency advocacy in non-democratic resource-rich countries. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan are all rich in hydrocarbons; however, in the last two decades, they have shown significant variation in terms of the transparency of oil revenues and expenditures. While Azerbaijan undertook substantial reforms to make its government revenues from oil almost completely transparent, Turkmenistan refrained from disclosing its revenues from natural gas exports. Finally, Kazakhstan, while undertaking some reforms, lagged behind Azerbaijan in pursuing a fully transparent revenue management policy. In authoritarian countries, transparency-related governance reforms are shaped by an interaction between international and domestic factors. Transparency in natural resource revenues is promoted by global actors including states, international financial institutions, and transnational networks as a measure to prevent or minimize corruption and mismanagement of revenues. In all three of my cases, the lack of public accountability and limited civil society activism prevented domestic agents from carrying out successful institutional reforms. In each case, the preferences of the elites have been important determinants of the degree of economic reform. I argue that transparency promotion from outside is expected to lead to institutional reform when it is matched with strong incentives for compliance. These incentives are created mostly by external actors, including states, international organizations, and international companies; yet they are also conditioned by the domestic economic and political landscape. Three cases from the Caspian region fully demonstrate the potential for different institutional outcomes among resource-dependent countries. A comparison of these countries' experiences will not only shed light on our understanding of the resource dependency and institutions, but also explain the institutional variance among the many non-democratic countries
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science

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Eid-Sabbagh, Karim-Philipp. "A political economy of water in Lebanon : water resource management, infrastructure production, and the International Development Complex." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2015. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/20365/.

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Gapa, Angela. "Escaping the Resource Curse: The Sources of Institutional Quality in Botswana." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1019.

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Botswana has recently garnered analytic attention as an anomaly of the “resource curse” phenomenon. Worldwide, countries whose economies are highly skewed towards a dependence on the export of non-renewable natural resources such as oil, diamonds and uranium, have been among the most troubled, authoritarian, poverty-stricken and conflict-prone; a phenomenon widely regarded as the “resource curse". The resource curse explains the varying fortunes of countries based on their resource wealth, with resource-rich countries faring much worse than their resource-poor counterparts. However, Botswana, with diamond exports accounting for 50percent of government revenues and 80percent of total exports, has achieved one of the fastest economic growth rates in the developing world in the last 50 years. Furthermore, the Freedom House ranks it as the safest, most stable, least corrupt and most democratic country on sub-Saharan Africa. In attempting to answer why Botswana apparently escaped the “resource curse”, this research assumes that both formal and informal institutions within the state acted as intermediary variables in determining its fortune. This research thus addresses the deeper question of where Botswana obtained its unique institutional quality that facilitated its apparent escape of the resource curse. It traces Botswana’s history through four lenses: legitimacy and historical continuity, political culture, ethnicity and identity management, and external relations; as having explanatory value in understanding the Botswana exception. The research finds most evidence of Botswana’s institutional quality emanating from the country’s political culture which it found more compatible with the institutions of development and democracy that facilitate both positive economic and political outcomes. It also found evidence of legitimacy and historical continuity facilitating the robustness of both formal and informal institutions in Botswana, and identity management through assimilation as having buffered against the effects of ethnically motivated resource plunder. It however, found the least support for the assertion that external relations contributed to institutional quality.

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Taylor, Jennifer E. II. "An Exploratory Literature Review of Efforts to Help the Small-Scale, Resource Poor Farmer in International Agricultural Development." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30345.

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Since the 1979 World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (WCARRD) and the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment Development, which generated the Agenda 21 document, international agaricultural development organizations have been urged to strengthen their focus toward the sustainable development of the small-scale, resource poor farmer. Although approximately 75% of the worlds' farmers are small-scale, resource poor farmers, generally, they have not been the primarly focus of international agricultural development. This study investigated the small-scale, resource poor farmers' *ongoing level of participation *rate of adoption of agricultural technology, and *sustainable benefits within the documents of eleven key international agricultural development organizations to determine if the farmers can positively impact the forecasted food shortage expected early in the 21st Century. The study utilized methods of multi-document analysis including: Light and Pillemer (1984), meta-ethnography, and qualitative computer software. This study represents the findings indicated in 51 (fifty-one) implemented international agricultural research and extension projects located within 38 (thirty-eight) countries. More than one million small-scale farmers were reported as participants of the projects within this study.
Ph. D.

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Ishikawa, Claudia. "The International Human Resource Development Nexus in Japan’s Immigration Paradigm : Policy Considerations and Findings of Survey Interviews in Germany and Australia." 名古屋大学国際教育交流センター, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20795.

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Wills, Samuel Edward. "Macroeconomic policy in resource-rich economies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a7050812-cec5-47f6-912b-d00252c3d69f.

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This thesis considers how fiscal and monetary policy should be conducted in resourcerich economies. It consists of three papers addressing: whether governments should spend, save or invest volatile oil income; the assets they should save in; and how monetary policy should respond. The first, “Eight principles for managing resource wealth”, shows that capital-scarce countries should save relatively less against oil price volatility, and invest more in domestic capital. They also should prepare for volatility in advance, and treat savings as a source of income rather than a temporary buffer. To show this the paper develops a framework that nests a variety of existing results, which are presented in eight principles. The second, “The Elephant in the Ground: Oil extraction and asset allocation in sovereign wealth funds”, shows that governments should use sovereign wealth funds to offset oil price risk, extract oil faster if its price is pro-cyclical, and use precautionary savings to manage any residual volatility. To do this it combines three strands of literature for the first time: on continuous-time portfolio theory, oil extraction and precautionary savings. The third, “Optimal monetary responses to oil discoveries”, addresses the anticipation effects around an oil discovery. It shows that the terms of trade will need to appreciate twice: once when oil is discovered and consumers anticipate future revenues; and again when the government begins spending the revenues. Oil wealth will give the monetary authority an incentive to appreciate the terms of trade, in addition to stabilising domestic inflation and the output gap. Optimal policy is well-approximated by a standard monetary rule that also responds to expected changes in the natural level of output.

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Dupuy, Louis. "Soutenabilité et commerce international." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0087/document.

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Nous étudions les liens entre commerce international et soutenabilité. D’un point de vue théorique, la soutenabilitéest l’application de la théorie utilitariste à la théorie du capital. La soutenabilité se définit par unegestion équitable des moyens du développement. Il s’agit de préserver un certain niveau de consommation etde richesse tout en développant l’équité inter- et intragénérationnelle sous la contrainte du niveau socialementdéfini de substituabilité en valeur monétire des composants de la richesse. Les gains à l’échange issus du commerceinternational doivent être épargnés et réinvestis dans la mesure où ils sont le fruit d’une réallocationdes ressources au sein du pays considéré. La nature du commerce international a également un impact sur lessentiers de développement. La présence de rendements d’échelle croissants dans la division internationale desprocessus productifs a également un impact sur la soutenabilité. Nous montrons la façon dont les incitationsvenant du commerce international ont un impact joint sur la gestion des dotations dans les pays riches enressources naturelles. Un commerce inter-industries dans les secteurs des biens intensifs en ressources naturellesest un signe probable d’un sentier de développement insoutenable. Nous proposons d’étudier les pays issus del’Union Soviétique pour mieux comprendre les interactions entre institutions et soutenabilité. l’Epargne NetteAjustée (ENA) en Russie évolue de concert avec celle des pays voisins, sans lien avec celle d’autre pays ayantune même dotation en ressources naturelles. Nous préconisons d’utiliser des études contrefactuelles pour évaluerles trajectoires de développement dans un contexte d’uncertitude sur les niveaux réels de richesse globale.L’ensemble de ces éléments nous conduit à revisiter les logiques d’intégration économique dans une optique desoutenabilité
We endeavour to explore the many ways by which international trade has an impact on sustainability.From a theoretical perspective, sustainability is the application of the utilitarian theory of value on capitaltheory, used to define the interactions between human-being and their environment. We show how sustainabilitycan be understood as sound and equitable management of the means of development, preserving consumptionand wealth over time while fostering intragenerational and intergenerational equity and controlling for moneyvaluesubstitutability. We use Adjusted Net Savings (ANS) to assess how opening economies to trade altersdevelopment paths. We then show how international trade should lead to additional savings, as gains fromtrade resulting from resources reallocation should be reinvested and not consumed. We explore how the natureof trade impacts development paths, showing how increasing returns to scale in the international division of theproduction processes changes factor prices. This should lead to more gains from trade saved and reinvested.We investigate how institutions and trade incentives interact in hindering sustainable management of naturalcapital in resource abundant countries. We show how inter-industry trade in natural resources intensive goodsmight be a sign for unsustainable development paths. To better understand interactions between institutionsand sustainability, we suggest the dislocation of the Soviet Union as a natural experiment. We show how theevolution of ANS in the Russian Federation is closely correlated with the neighbouring countries, regardless ofresources abundance. Counterfactual studies should be used to monitor sustainable development in the wakeof uncertainty and scarce data on comprehensive wealth depreciation. Those elements lead us to conclude onthe necessity to reconsider the rationale for economic integration on sustainability lines

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Hollingsworth, Brian. "Resource Nationalism and Energy Integration in Latin America: The Paradox of Populism." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3790.

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This dissertation examines the relationship between resource nationalism and energy integration, and uses Bolivia and Brazil as a test case. Essentially, does resource nationalism affect energy integration? The findings nest within more expansive questions on international political economy and export-driven models of development. Why do populist regimes, historically operating under an economic nationalist cum protectionist paradigm, simultaneously pursue policies of economic integration? What is the relationship between resource nationalists and open markets, especially in the hydrocarbons sector? What is the relationship between populists, who are typically resource nationalists, and their decision to choose policies of energy integration? The most common responses to the above are that resource nationalists pursue protectionist policies in the hydrocarbon sector. This dissertation demonstrates that once in power, resource nationalists do not always pursue protectionist policies in the hydrocarbon sector, but instead rely on market forces. Another common response is that populists pursue policies of resource nationalism in the hydrocarbon sector. This dissertation demonstrates that populists do not always pursue policies of resource nationalism in the hydrocarbon sector, but instead choose policies of integration. Policies of integration are compelled by market forces, and at times ironically provide the foundation for resource nationalism to later flourish. This dissertation develops a case-study of Bolivia and Brazil to assess the relationship between resource nationalism and energy integration. The case is selected based on each country having energy resources or derivative products for exploitation and use, an energy trade relationship between the countries, the presence of government-run natural resource firms in each country, and a specific period where resource nationalism is present. Bolivia and Brazil are important for this study because of their proximity, particularly where the supply of natural gas is concerned. Proximity is of great importance as natural gas infrastructure is concomitant with energy integration, particularly supply.

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Kyeyune, Catherine. "Towards the Development of a Cultural Competence Framework for Human Resource Development Professionals in International Business: A Study of Best Practice Learning and Diversity Companies." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/654.

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In a global environment, growing business corporations have recognized the role diversity plays in business development. However, the human resource development (HRD) profession charged with the responsibility for developing any organization's human resources, has not defined what cultural competence is and its role in improving the performance of HRD professionals. This study sought to define cultural competence and determine how it could be developed and assessed. The theoretical framework used was an intercultural perspective of intercultural competence, studies in HRD that focus on a training-culture context fit, and professional definitions of cultural competence. A mixed research method utilizing survey and personal interviews was employed to study Best Practice Learning and Diversity companies. Thirty-nine companies credited as American Society for Training and Development (ASTD) Best Award winners for workplace learning and performance were surveyed. The sample represented various sectors in the corporate industry such as information technology, financial services, manufacturing and retail. Due to a low response rate, eight senior global diversity officials from companies credited as Best Diversity companies by DiversityInc. were interviewed. Five of the companies studied were among the leading Top 10 global diversity companies. The other three ranked highly among the Top 50 diversity companies. The data collected was analyzed using grounded theory. Using this theory, the study identified attributes that describe cultural competence, and various approaches that are used to develop and assess it. Based on the study results, an HRD theory of cultural competence was developed. This theory includes: (a) a definition of cultural competence; (b) a cultural competence framework that provides performance indicators for HRD professionals; organizations, its leaders and employees; and (c) an assessment guide that provides a cultural competence inventory for HRD professionals. To ensure study validity, the survey instrument used in the study was pilot-tested among business scholars. In addition, the study addressed the issues of theoretical sensitivity such as the role of the literature reviewed, the researcher's biases, and the analytical process that was used for theory development. This study has implications for higher education and professional practice. The cultural competence framework developed in this study contributes to the standardization of HRD practices such as education, training and non-training HRD programs. The assessment guide provides a cultural competence inventory for HRD professionals. The results of this study would also be useful for companies that regularly benchmark their operations against best practices. In this way, the study contributes to the effort of aligning HRD practices to theory developed through HRD cross-cultural research

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Manirajah, Sanggeet Mithra. "Looking Back, Moving Forward: The Role of Gandhian Economic Philosophy in India's Development." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/397.

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India has seen unrivaled economic growth since it embarked on its neoliberal reforms in 1990. However, accompanying this growth in income and wealth is an increase in social and economic inequalities among its population. This thesis will look at the impact of the neoliberal agenda on India’s population, particularly on its rural and marginalized poor, and show how this growth and development has been predatory in nature, benefitting a small minority at the expense of a large majority of the population who are experiencing poverty, unemployment and the loss of livelihoods as a result. This paper argues that Gandhian economic philosophy - in particular, the emphasis on localization and decentralization – has a central role to play in the development agenda of India, and is fundamental in correcting this imbalance. By drawing on Gandhi’s economic philosophy and present-day grassroots movements and initiatives that are echoing his core principles, this paper argues for the localization of power in the form of participatory governance to achieve rural revitalization, poverty eradication and radical empowerment. Fundamental for this to happen are appropriate forms and systems of governance at the local level; the creation of livelihoods through and within the local community; and incorporating local traditional and indigenous knowledge into development strategies.

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Collier, Benjamin L. "Financial Inclusion and Natural Disasters." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/14.

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This dissertation explores the implications of natural disaster risk for access to financial services, especially credit. Its results show that disasters can dramatically undermine the ability of financial intermediaries (FIs) to lend after an event, increasing the cost of the disaster and delaying recovery. Moreover, the risk of natural disasters discourages investment in vulnerable regions and economic sectors and so slows economic development. Financial risk transfer mechanisms such as insurance can help maintain lending following an event. While many international development projects have targeted disaster insurance markets to households, managing disaster-related credit risk may be done more effectively through insurance products for FIs. Additionally, prudential supervision and the credit risk rating methods of investors in developing and emerging economies are dominated by developed country standards that overlook natural disaster risks. Public and private interests align in the need to tailor such standards and so enhance the effectiveness with which vulnerable FIs manage disaster risk.

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Murduca, James V. "Assessment of Drinking Water Quality Management and a Treatment Feasibility Study for Brick by Brick Water Storage Tanks in Rakai Uganda." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7200.

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Reliable access to safe drinking water is one necessity for humans to live without concern for major health risks. The overall goal of this research is to improve the public health, through improved drinking water, for communities in the Rakai District in Uganda, directly, and other communities in the world, indirectly, via dissemination of knowledge. This study specifically assessed the knowledge of drinking water quality in regards to public health, their sanitation measures, and water treatment methods for users of Brick by Brick rainwater harvesting tanks in the Rakai District (N = 28) by using a knowledge, attitudes, and practice survey and a sanitary inspection; tested the water quality of the Brick by Brick rainwater harvesting tanks (N = 33) in the Rakai District for physical, chemical, and microbial parameters; and piloted a sustainable treatment technology called the chulli system that uses excess heat from a cookstove to treat water. Twenty of the participants identified contaminated water as a cause of diarrheal disease (N = 28). Participants perceived boiling (1), chlorine (2), and filtering (3) as the best three methods of treating water. The average score for the sanitary inspection was 2.27±2.31, which falls between the low and medium expected risk score categories. Fourteen of the thirty-three samples showed detectable levels of colony forming units for coliforms, and two of the thirty-three samples showed detectable levels of colony forming units for E. coli. A demonstration chulli system was constructed for St. Andrew’s Primary School in Rakai District and operated successfully. The research supports that the chulli system along with proper sanitation measures identified in the sanitary inspections can be a sustainable option for users of Brick by Brick rainwater harvesting tanks in the Rakai District.

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Bergmann, Rainer. "Interkulturelles Lernen als organisationale Fähigkeit international tätiger Unternehmen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2000. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-994407959125-96874.

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International tätige Unternehmen werden durch ihre grenzüberschreitenden Tätigkeiten mit zunächst fremden Kulturen konfrontiert. Die Diskussion über die Konzentration der Unternehmen auf ihre Kernkompetenzen führt zu der grundsätzlichen strategischen Überlegung, ob nicht auch die Kulturelle Diversität eine Quelle für die Generierung von Wettbewerbsvorteilen sein kann, und zu der Frage, in welchen Organisationsstrukturen sie proaktiv genutzt werden kann. Es wird ein Organisationsansatz für die wettbewerbsrelevante organisationale Fähigkeit Interkulturelles Lernen entwickelt. Der ressourcenorientierte Ansatz des strategischen Managements dient hierbei als Bezugsrahmen. Die Prozesse organisationalen Lernens bilden die dynamische Komponente, um von der Ebene der Ressourcen zu organisationalen Fähigkeiten zu gelangen. Die Kollektivierung organisationaler Lernprozesse bedarf dabei der Mechanismen von Reflexion und Sozialisation grundlegender Normen und Werte sowie Basisannahmen. Damit überhaupt Interkulturelles Lernen (i.S. von Lernfähigkeit) entstehen kann, werden Gestaltungselemente entwickelt, welche Kulturelle Diversität nicht unterdrücken, sondern explizit in der Organisationsstruktur berücksichtigen. Die organisationstheoretischen Basis hierfür bildet der systemorientierte Ansatz des entwicklungsorientierten Managements. Vor dem Hintergrund einer transnationalen Strategie werden die folgenden Gestaltungselemente entwickelt und kritisch diskutiert: - der Abbau von Lernbarrieren, - interkulturelle Personalentwicklungsmaßnahmen, um die individuelle Lernfähigkeit - als Voraussetzung organisationaler Lernfähigkeit - zu erhöhen, - kulturell gemischte überlappende Arbeitsgruppen, - die heterarchische Konfiguration als integriertes Netzwerk, um Interaktionsräume zwischen Organisationseinheiten aus unterschiedlichen Kulturen zu schaffen, - synergetische Unternehmenskultur, da mit einer hohen Differenzierung der erforderliche Grad an Integration steigt, und um die vielfältigen landeskulturellen Orientierungen zu einer Ganzheit zu integieren, - Organizational Slack, um dysfunktionale Effekte interkultureller Interaktion im langfristigen Gestaltungsprozeß zu überbrücken. Abschließend erfolgt die Diskussion der Kulturabhängigkeit und der Probleme im Anwendungszusammenhang von Interkulturellem Lernen.

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Strock, Christopher Moore. "Seeing Beyond Service - Redefining the Problem of Water and Sanitation Service Delivery in Resource-Limited Settings to Enable Effective Solutions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28523.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of water and sanitation service delivery in resource-limited settings using two different social theories (modernization and world system). Understanding that barriers to effectiveness are rooted in global structures that tend to present at local levels helps redefine the problem leading to comprehensive policies and practices. The guiding research questions included an identification of an effectiveness gap in services delivered in developed countries compared to those in developing countries. This study included a survey of water and sanitation professionals gauging their opinions on trends within the sector. Survey respondents demonstrated that the sector tends to align with localized (i.e. modernist) approaches. This may explain the perpetuation of differential patterns in water and sanitation access and associated diseases and deaths in developing countries. Through a case study of Partners In Health (PIH), a medical-oriented non-governmental organization used as a proxy for water and sanitation organizations, this work illustrated why personal and organizational philosophies and perspectives influence how we organize and act. It concludes with a discussion of engineering decision making through the lenses offered by modernization and world system theories; presents an organizational structure that allows organizations to overcome theoretical and geographic boundaries; and offers a set of recommendations learned from PIH and those the sector does well. This research shows how water and sanitation organizations, practices, and policies that consider local and global forces are more effective at delivering services in developing countries than those focusing solely on local forces.
Ph. D.

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Cairns, Maryann R. "Environment, Rights, and Waste in Bolivia: Addressing Water and Sanitation Processes for Improved Infrastructure." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5197.

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Water and sanitation (WatSan) development projects impact both natural systems and societal structures where they are placed. A complex process of development, including inter-governmental policies, aid agencies, personal relationships, and community politics enhance and constrain the efficacy of these projects. This study presents the many ways in which the WatSan development process has unintended and unexpected returns for certain community groups. Using a political ecology framework, I look at power structures, perceived and projected environmental impacts, multiple stakeholders, and individual discourses to critique how the right to water and sanitation is implemented in a specific community context. This project advances anthropological thought by showing a praxis-based study that links theory, on-the-ground, ethnographic experience, policy recommendations, and theoretical injections which relate to a variety of audiences, both within and outside of the academy. The project is conducted in two main field locations--La Paz and Sapecho, Bolivia. I employ a mixed-method approach, including interviews with development professionals and community members, a survey of water and sanitation users, focus groups with particularly impacted groups (e.g. water committees, students, and women), and various mapping techniques (GPS mapping, community-led) to address the space and place within which this project was realized. I give specific focus to sewage collection and wastewater treatment, two elements of the WatSan system that are distinctive in this rural developing-country context. WatSan development is not just infrastructure placement. It is a full process, a relationship. It comprises individual conversations, days of work, salaries, payment schedules, labor, expertise, and ongoing management practices. Individual perceptions of infrastructure efficacy, personal benefit, and best practices (both culturally and technologically) impact the long-term effectiveness of a project. Major tensions arise post-implementation: between community and aid agency, conservation and use, labor and upkeep, and sanitation and potable water. There are multiple influences and positions subsumed in this process. The study's political ecology approach, combined with foci on human rights, critical development, and water and culture, provides critical insights into the relationship between social and resource-based (water infrastructure) change. It looks at the ways in which the benefits and risks of a WatSan system are stratified, gendered, and power-laden. It further looks at the potential positive and negative outcomes of the system--all with an enviro-social focus. I look at how social and ecological relationships are tethered together (mutually constituted), how they are influenced by several levels of governance and policy. The experience of Sapecho shows how changes to WatSan environments can provide new water and sanitation access but in some cases, further engrain and exacerbate social inequalities. Provision of fresh water, sewage collection, and wastewater treatment infrastructure is not value-free--but it is necessary. This work tries to answer one small part of the question of how the right to water and sanitation can be best implemented in real-world situations.

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Venard, Asongayi. "The Impact of World Bank’s Conditionality-Ownership Hybrid on Forest Management in Cameroon: Policy Hybridity in International Dependence Development." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2349.

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Many developing countries depend on the World Bank for development assistance, which the Bank often provides with policy reform conditions. Resistance to World Bank’s conditionality caused the Bank to posit “ownership” as a country’s real assent to its development policies. The combination of ownership and conditionality invalidates the neocolonial, false-paradigm and dualism theses in explaining the international dependence development model. This study explains this model by investigating how the relationship between conditionality and ownership in the context of this model impacts forest management in Cameroon. Integrating theoretical and methodological insights mainly from political science, economics, geosciences, and sociology, the study finds that in this model, conditionality and ownership have a hybrid relationship that fosters and hinders effective forest management in Cameroon. This finding positions policy hybridity within this model. It proposes a nouvelle way to understand international development policies’ interactions, and the effects of the interactions on natural resource management.

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Ejims, Okechukwu Chima. "The role of international law in resource development through foreign investment and the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples : a case study of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522931.

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Bergmann, Rainer. "Interkulturelles Lernen als organisationale Fähigkeit international tätiger Unternehmen: ein ressourcenorientierter Ansatz." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 1999. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24746.

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International tätige Unternehmen werden durch ihre grenzüberschreitenden Tätigkeiten mit zunächst fremden Kulturen konfrontiert. Die Diskussion über die Konzentration der Unternehmen auf ihre Kernkompetenzen führt zu der grundsätzlichen strategischen Überlegung, ob nicht auch die Kulturelle Diversität eine Quelle für die Generierung von Wettbewerbsvorteilen sein kann, und zu der Frage, in welchen Organisationsstrukturen sie proaktiv genutzt werden kann. Es wird ein Organisationsansatz für die wettbewerbsrelevante organisationale Fähigkeit Interkulturelles Lernen entwickelt. Der ressourcenorientierte Ansatz des strategischen Managements dient hierbei als Bezugsrahmen. Die Prozesse organisationalen Lernens bilden die dynamische Komponente, um von der Ebene der Ressourcen zu organisationalen Fähigkeiten zu gelangen. Die Kollektivierung organisationaler Lernprozesse bedarf dabei der Mechanismen von Reflexion und Sozialisation grundlegender Normen und Werte sowie Basisannahmen. Damit überhaupt Interkulturelles Lernen (i.S. von Lernfähigkeit) entstehen kann, werden Gestaltungselemente entwickelt, welche Kulturelle Diversität nicht unterdrücken, sondern explizit in der Organisationsstruktur berücksichtigen. Die organisationstheoretischen Basis hierfür bildet der systemorientierte Ansatz des entwicklungsorientierten Managements. Vor dem Hintergrund einer transnationalen Strategie werden die folgenden Gestaltungselemente entwickelt und kritisch diskutiert: - der Abbau von Lernbarrieren, - interkulturelle Personalentwicklungsmaßnahmen, um die individuelle Lernfähigkeit - als Voraussetzung organisationaler Lernfähigkeit - zu erhöhen, - kulturell gemischte überlappende Arbeitsgruppen, - die heterarchische Konfiguration als integriertes Netzwerk, um Interaktionsräume zwischen Organisationseinheiten aus unterschiedlichen Kulturen zu schaffen, - synergetische Unternehmenskultur, da mit einer hohen Differenzierung der erforderliche Grad an Integration steigt, und um die vielfältigen landeskulturellen Orientierungen zu einer Ganzheit zu integieren, - Organizational Slack, um dysfunktionale Effekte interkultureller Interaktion im langfristigen Gestaltungsprozeß zu überbrücken. Abschließend erfolgt die Diskussion der Kulturabhängigkeit und der Probleme im Anwendungszusammenhang von Interkulturellem Lernen.

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Ime, Oweka. "Resource Control and Political Development in Africa: The Cases of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Botswana." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1364748648.

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Bouattour, Fatma. "Impact of financial Frictions on international Trade in Brazil and emerging Countries." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED009/document.

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Ce travail a pour but d’approfondir l’analyse des effets des contraintes de financement sur le commerce international, en portant une attention particulière aux pays BRICS, notamment le Brésil. Cette thèse comporte trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre évalue la vulnérabilité financière des secteurs manufacturiers brésiliens dans les années 2000, en se basant sur le travail de Rajan et Zingales (1998). Ce chapitre souligne l’importance du développement financier et des crédits publics dans l’allocation intersectorielle du capital au Brésil. Le deuxième chapitre étudie les effets des contraintes financières sur les exportations des firmes brésiliennes, dans le cadre théorique de firmes hétérogènes (Manova, 2013). Il s’agit de repenser le lien entre la taille et les performances d’exportation, en présence de contraintes financières au niveau sectoriel. Ce chapitre montre l’importance des difficultés d’accès au crédit au Brésil dans l’explication des performances d’exportation. Le troisième chapitre étudie les effets du développement financier sur les exportations vers les BRICS, avec un intérêt particulier pour les effets de la crise financière de 2008. Ce chapitre confirme l’importance du développement financier comme source d’avantage comparatif dans les secteurs dépendants de la finance externe. Cet avantage lié au développement financier perd de son importance pendant la crise. Les résultats confirment l’importance du canal financier de transmission de la crise
This thesis aims at deepening the analysis of the effects of financial constraints on international trade performances, with a focus on the BRICS countries, notably Brazil. This thesis includes three chapters. The first chapter aims at evaluating the level of financial vulnerability of Brazilian manufacturing sectors in the 2000s, based on the work of Rajan and Zingales (1998). This chapter stresses the importance of the financial development and of public credits in causing the inter-sectoral capital misallocation. The second chapter focuses on the link between financial constraints and the performances of Brazilian exporters, in a framework of heterogeneous firms as in Manova (2013). Specifically, I revisit the link between firm size and firm exports by focusing on the financial constraints at sector-level. Findings emphasize the importance of problems of access to credit in Brazil, in explaining Brazilian firms’ export performances. The third chapter analyzes the effects of financial development in exporting countries on their exports to BRICS countries, with a focus on the recent financial crisis effects. Results confirm the role of financial development as a source of comparative advantage in sectors with high reliance on external finance. The positive effect related to financial development is lessened during the crisis. This confirms the importance of the trade finance transmission channel of the crisis

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Tungale, Rose. "Livelihoods and customary marine resource management under customary marine tenure : case studies in the Solomon Islands : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in International Rural Development at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/861.

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In many ways, coastal marine resources have provided an important source of protein, income and even employment for coastal rural Solomon Islands communities. Fishing, for instance, has always played a very important role in these communities' culture and tradition. Subsistence fishing is traditional in most rural coastal communities. Small-scale fishing is also wide-spread. Traditionally marine areas and resources were managed by the custodians of the adjacent land and the traditional leaders in some local communities. While small-scale fisheries are managed by the Government, much of the enforcement responsibility is in the hands of the community leaders, given the realities of what that Government can provide. This research has explored the interaction between rural coastal livelihoods and marine resource management under Customary Marine Tenure (CMT) in one area of Temotu Province, Solomon Islands. Specifically the research seeks to explore, explain and describe how the livelihoods of the rural coastal villagers influence the use, access and management of marine resources and vice versa. Particular attention has been given to: first exploring the traditional marine resource management under CMT and livelihoods in the three villages; second, how the changes in the villagers' livelihoods system affects the customary marine resource management in the three case study villages; third, how changes in customary marine resource management influences the livelihoods of the villagers and finally the nature of the relationship between livelihoods and customary marine resource management is described for the first time for this part of the Solomon Islands. The research results showed that villagers' livelihoods have changed over the past decade and much of these changes have affected the customary marine resource management in the three case study villages. Consequently, customary marine resource management under CMT is no longer effective. The changes in customary marine resource also have implications on the villagers' livelihoods. For this reason the study argues that when trying to understand the factors affecting customary marine resource, the entire livelihoods system of the people should be considered. The study states that the nature of the interactions between livelihoods and customary marine resource management is a two-way relationship, dynamic and very complex. Should there be further marine resource development, the study suggests that understanding the livelihoods of the people concerned is important for better management.

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Plakhotnik, Maria S. "How Employees with Different National Identities Experience a Geocentric Organizational Culture of a Global Corporation: A Phenomenological Study." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/319.

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A global corporation values both profitability and social acceptance; its units mutually negotiate governance and represent a highly interdependent network where centers of excellence and high-potential employees are identified regardless of geographic locations. These companies try to build geocentric, or “world oriented” (Marquardt, 1999, p. 20), organizational cultures. Such culture “transcends cultural differences and establishes ‘beacons’ – values and attitudes – that are comprehensive and compelling” (Kets de Vries & Florent-Treacy, 2002, p. 299) for all employees, regardless of their national origins. Creating a geocentric organizational culture involves transforming each employee’s mindset, beliefs, and behaviors so that he/she can become “a world citizen in spite of having a national identity” (Marquardt, 1999, p. 47). The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore how employees with different national identities experience a geocentric organizational culture of a global corporation. Phenomenological research aims to understand “how people experience some phenomenon—how they perceive it, describe it, feel about it, judge it, remember it, make sense of it, and talk about it with others” (Patton, 2002, p. 104). Twelve participants were selected using criteria, convenience, and snow-ball sampling strategies. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data. Data were analyzed inductively, using Moustakas’s (1994) Modification of the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen Method of Analysis of Phenomenological Data. The participants in this study experienced a geocentric organizational culture of a global corporation as on in which they felt connected, valued, and growing personally and professionally. The participants felt connected to the companies via business goals and social responsibility. The participants felt valued by the company because their creativity was welcomed and they could contribute to the corporation certain unique knowledge of the culture and language of their native countries. The participants felt growing personally and professionally due to the professional development opportunities, cross-cultural awareness, and perspective consciousness. Based on the findings from this study, a model of a geocentric organizational culture of a global corporation: An employee perspective is proposed. Implications for research and practice conclude this study.

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Khurshid, Akram. "Trends of human resource management in micro finance institutions: A case study of loan officers' turnover issues in the implementing partner, Intermission Micro Enterprise Development (IMED), India of The Opportunity International Network /." Click here to view full text, 2007.

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Alfian, Alfian. "The Impact of Decentralization on Integrated Watershed Management (IWM): A Case Study in the Wanggu Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1588962127373195.

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30

Stålgren, Patrik. "Worlds of water : worlds apart ; how targeted domestic actors transform international regimes /." Göteborg : Dep. of Political Science, Göteborg Univ, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/511069995.pdf.

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31

Lewis, Ellen D. "Gendered systemic analysis : systems thinking and gender equality in international development." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:14575.

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Systemic intervention (Midgley, 2000) and Feminist Systems Thinking (Stephens, 2013a), both branches of Critical Systems Thinking, have been used widely to improve social and organisational systems. According to Midgley (2000), a systemic intervention can be defined as a “…purposeful action by an agent to create change” (113, emphasis original). Building on Midgley’s work, Stephens (2013a) created a non-hierarchical “… framework for feminist systems thinking, as a set of five principles that provide common sense guidelines for applied research and social action…” (8, emaphsis added). Presently, the small amount of gendered systemic research is troubling in a world where no country has achieved gender equality. The purpose of this research is to conduct a participatory systemic intervention working in partnership with a U.S. non-governmental agency in Washington D.C. in the United States, and Nicaragua in Central America, I conducted a feminist systemic intervention in an international development organisation. This study found that a more structured systemic intervention method, currently named Gendered Systemic Analysis, was needed to support stakeholders in identifying potential improvements in their businesses: previous work on Feminist Systems Thinking left too much of a gap between theory and practice. In this research, I follow Midgley’s (2011:11-12) use of ‘method’ as: “as a set of techniques operated in a sequence (or sometimes iteratively) to achieve a given purpose. GSA uses a boundary critique process, which concentrates attention on gender, nature and voices from the margin as a means to create social change. The contribution of this research deepened the understanding of how to empower individuals and groups to engage with systemic thinking and contextualise its theoretical and methodological underpinnings into a local knowledge generating systems leading to more sustainable change.

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Harbaugh, Isabel. "Non-farm Rural Employment in Latin America: Help Small Landowners Make the Transition." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/682.

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For many of Latin America’s small farmers, a future in agriculture may be short lived. Due to increasing mechanization, land consolidation, and globalization, the demand for agricultural labor is declining, and small landowners are feeling the brunt of this change. Given this reality, the non-farm rural economy should become a much greater priority on the rural development agenda. Many non-farm positions demonstrate significant potential for poverty alleviation, but these jobs often present substantial barriers to entry. In order for smallholders to access these positions rather than low-skilled, low-productivity, and low-paying jobs, government involvement is essential. By helping small farmers build non-farm skills and knowledge, facilitating profitable land transactions, and fostering a business environment that supports rural job creation, governments can ensure that small farmers are not only able to transition to non-farm employment, but that they are able to do so in a way that maximizes the impact on overall rural welfare.

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Ferreira, Susana. "Essays on the role of natural resources in international trade and development /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3130412.

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Kucukmehmetoglu, Mehmet. "Water resources allocation and conflicts: the case of the Euphrates and the Tigris." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1389276138.

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35

Ffolliott, Peter F., Jeffrey O. Dawson, Itshack Moshe, Timothy E. Fulbright, Paul Verburg, Muhammad Shatanawi, Donald F. Caccamise, Thomas E. Schumacher, and Jim P. M. Chamie. "International Arid Lands Consortium's Contributions to Better Management of Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwestern United States." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296664.

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Olsson, Oksana. "Career Development and Counseling in an International Company in Shanghai." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-95697.

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The aim of the study is to understand the significance and the impact of the careerdevelopment and counseling with consideration of cultural aspects in an internationalcompany in Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China. The aim has been achievedthrough three research questions. What experiences do employees have from careerdevelopment and counseling in an international company in Shanghai? Whatcontributions from the company do employees perceive to be necessary inexperiencing an ongoing upward trend in their career development? What kind ofcultural aspects influence employees’ career development in an internationalcompany? The field study is conducted through the Cultural Intelligence Theory. Aqualitative approach has been used in the study. Six in-depth interviews wereconducted with employees and one in-depth interview with a HR manager in aninternational company in Shanghai.The experiences that the interviewed employees at the international company havehad from career development and counseling, which is defined as a professionalguidance of the individuals and a process of helping an individual discover anddevelop his/her vocational and professional potentialities, are quite positive. Formaintaining constant progress in their career development, employees have suggestedsome practical actions that can be taken by the company. The interviewed employees’viewpoints are that managers in international companies give them freedom ofactions, which leads to more responsibility and creativity, allow them to makemistakes and learn from them, support them in their career development, provideregular feedbacks on their performance.

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Al-Siyabi, Mohamed Khalfan Ali. "A legal analysis of the development of arbitration in Oman with special reference to the enforcement of international arbitral awards." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:2182.

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In our time, international arbitration is increasingly considered as the most effective dispute settlement mechanism, and hence a necessary tool for promoting international trade and investment. Thus, treaties and laws have been adopted, and specialised institutions have been set up, in order to facilitate and improve the functioning of arbitration. In Oman, alongside the modernisation of the legal system, since 1984, there has been a progressive trend towards the codification of arbitration and adoption of advanced arbitration laws, such as Decree 47/1997 on the Arbitration Law and Decree 29/2002, a part of which is on the enforcement of awards, whether domestic, international or foreign. Oman has also joined various important international and regional conventions on arbitration, such as the Washington Convention and particularly the New York Convention on the enforcement of foreign awards. At the regional level, Oman adopted the Charter of the GCC Commercial Arbitration Centre, co-founding the Centre, whose awards are enforceable in all GCC states. A thorough examination of the Omani law of arbitration and case law shows that, under the law, arbitration is a regulated and reliable method of dispute resolution resulting in binding and enforceable awards, with a limited scope for court intervention. The law recognises foreign arbitration, and, to some extent, treats it more favourably, compared to domestic arbitration. It has also a pro-enforcement approach, particularly with regard to international and foreign awards. The present study not only has a developmental perspective, whereby discussing the development of arbitration law in Oman, during the last four decades, but also follows a comparative approach. Hence, various aspects of the Omani arbitration law are compared with international conventions and model laws on arbitration, as well as with arbitration laws of some other Arab and GCC states, particularly Egypt, on whose law the Omani law of arbitration is mainly modelled. It is also assessed what impact the Islamic jurisprudence has had on the arbitration law of Oman.

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Poff, Boris, and Daniel G. Neary. "International Co-Operative Program on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests: The Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest, Arizona." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296685.

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Parks, Bradley. "Brokering development policy change : the parallel pursuit of millennium challenge account resources and reform." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/920/.

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A small body of mostly anecdotal evidence suggests that governments have undertaken legal, policy, institutional, and regulatory reforms to enhance their chances of becoming eligible for assistance from the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). But we know little about the strength and scope of the so-called "MCC Effect”—in particular, why it seems to exert varying levels of influence across time, space, and policy domains. I collect two novel sources of data on the MCC Effect in order to explain the conditions under which the MCC eligibility standards have influenced the reform efforts of developing country governments. Through formal coding of archival data, I construct a database of more than 14,000 country policy-domain-year observations that measures whether and how governments change their policy behavior in order to achieve or maintain MCC eligibility. I then employ logit, rare event logit, and three-level random intercept modeling techniques as well as propensity score matching methods to explain the policy responses and non-responses of governments to the MCC eligibility criteria. I also draw on data from a first-of-its-kind survey of 640 development policymakers and practitioners in 100 low income and lower-middle income countries to "ground truth" inferences drawn from analysis of the archival data. My findings suggest that a range of factors influence the probability that a government will pursue reform ctivities in response to the MCC eligibility criteria. However, the central contribution of this thesis is the theoretical and empirical argument that the network positions of change management teams shape whether, when, and how externally inspired reforms get adopted and implemented. In this regard, I call attention an underappreciated factor that shapes the adoption and implementation of externally-influenced reforms: the presence of a policymaking team that has sufficient autonomy to introduce disruptive changes to the status quo, but also sufficient embeddednesss to overcome domestic political opposition.

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Misiko, Juma Asborn. "« Vers la mise en tourisme du patrimoine ethno-culturel de l’ouest kenyan. Tourisme international et domestique dans les régions du lac Victoria et de Bungoma »." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20106/document.

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Pour devenir une importante destination touristique internationale et pas seulement subsaharienne, le Kenya a besoin de lieux et de produits touristiques renouvelés offerts de manière croissante par les sites mémoriels et les musées régionaux situés dans l’ensemble du pays, mis en tourisme récemment en direction des touristes domestiques. Cette nouvelle tendance permettra de décongestionner les sites et les régions touristiques phares (parcs de Masaï Mara, de Amboseli, lac Nakuru et la côte swahili), saturés dans leur fréquentation double, à la fois celle des touristes internationaux, mais aussi celle croissante, des touristes intérieurs. Grâce à l’approche multidisciplinaire (géographie du tourisme, celle du développement et celle de la culture), appuyée par les données obtenues à travers les entretiens semi-directifs, les questionnaires, les tables rondes, l’analyse documentaire et l’observation sur le terrain, notre recherche tente de démontrer comment le patrimoine matériel et immatériel des groupes ethno-culturel du Kenya occidental peut être mis en tourisme. Notre investigation traite de la région du lac Victoria et de Bungoma, principalement sur les sites d’Abasuba Rock Art Paintings, de Kit Mikayi et de Namakanda. Les populations locales autour de ces sites développent des stratégies différenciées en fonction de leur appartenance ethnique, que nous appréhendons du point de vue de la stratégie d’acteurs et des projets de développement touristiques
To become an important international tourism destination and not only in Subsaharan, Kenya needs renewed tourism places and products majorly consisting of memorial sites and regional museums spread throughout the country, recently developed for domestic tourists. This new initiative will decongest the major tourist sites and regions (reserve of Masai Mara, parks of Amboseli, lake Nakuru and Swahili coast), saturated due to double visitation (international and domestic tourists) Through a multidisciplinary approach (geography of tourism, cultural geography and geography of development), supported by data collected through semi-direct interviews, focus groups, questionnaires, field observation and analysis of existing literature, our research attempts show how the material and immaterial cultural heritage of the ethno-cultural groups of Western Kenya can be developed for tourism. Our investigation examines the regions of lake Victoria and Bungoma, particularly the sites of Abasuba Rock Art Paintings, Kit Mikayi and Namakanda. The host communities of these sites are developing strategies informed by their ethnic affiliation, that we study from the point of view of stakeholders’ strategy and development of tourism projects

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Good, Jennifer E. "Fossil Fuel Subsidies: Impacts and Reform Strategies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/687.

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This thesis uses cross-country panel regressions to identify the effects of fossil-fuel subsidies for both oil importers and oil exporters on GDP growth, industry growth, crowding out of government expenditures in education, health, and infrastructure, government debt, carbon dioxide emissions, inequality and poverty. Fossil-fuel subsidies are found to be associated with lower levels of growth and industry growth, less government expenditure on health and education, poorer infrastructure quality, more government debt, and higher rates of carbon dioxide emissions. No relationship is found between fossil fuel subsidies and poverty and inequality. These results confirm the arguments of those that argue that fossil-fuel subsidies should be rationalized. However, removing subsidies is politically challenging. In order to identify strategies for fossil fuel reform, the successful reform efforts of Indonesia and Turkey are examined. These cases are then used to draw lessons for governments undertaking subsidy reform. The key strategies used were to exempt some regions, groups, or fuels from reform, use funds from subsidy removal for social safety nets and other poverty alleviation programs, time the reforms strategically, and communicate clearly to the public the reason for reform and how the funds will be used. These lessons are applied to countries in the developing Middle East and North Africa, including Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco.

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Shade, Lindsay. "Politics below the Surface: A Political Ecology of Mineral Rights and Land Tenure Struggles in Appalachia and the Andes." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/50.

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This dissertation examines how confusion and lack of access to information about subsurface property rights facilitates the rapid acquisition of mineral rights by mining interests, leaving those who live 'above the surface' to contend with complicated corporate and bureaucratic apparatuses. The research focuses on the first proposed state-run large scale mining project in Ecuador, believed to contain copper ores, and on the natural gas hydrofracking industry in three counties in north central West Virginia. Qualitative and visual methods, including mapping, are employed to determine (i.) how the geography of subsurface ownership patterns is changing, (ii.) links between changes in subsurface ownership and surface ownership, and (iii.) how these changes are facilitated or impeded by institutional and governance practices. Rights and permit acquisitions are facilitated by state institutions, which often have strategic interests in mineral development. Accordingly, this research also considers the role of state strategy with respect to the establishment, bureaucratic management, and enforcement of vertical territory, which reflects the state’s interest in and sovereign claim over subterranean resources to benefit the nation. The research finds that the historical separation of subsurface property rights from the surface is associated with a persistent weakening of surface holder claims to land in favor of mining development, and that this weakening has contributed to the long-term persistence of absentee ownership and control over land in Ecuador and West Virginia. Viewing subsurface land deals from the perspective of those whose lives are disrupted on the surface, I conclude from this work that mundane practices such as deed transfers and local micropolitics about land use are significant factors in the lead up to larger scale violences and silences, such as forced displacement and even political imprisonment of activists opposed to extraction.

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Holst, Joshua. "Development and Conflict at the Ecological Margins: Grassroots Approaches to Democracy and Natural Resources." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581409.

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How can politically and ecologically vulnerable groups come to productively govern the development process? The current environmental crisis is felt most intensely by marginalized groups whose livelihoods, food security, and health are threatened as development-driven environmental problems increase. This study looks at the intersection between the state, the economy, and the grassroots as key decision-makers shape the development trajectory: environmental factions of the rebels-turned-politicians in Aceh, Indonesia, the pro-autonomy indigenous movement in the Ecuadorian Amazon, and pro-democracy insurgents in the United States. The subsequent chapters track and analyze the varied fates of insurgents in each site as they attempt to democratize the state and acquire control over local ecologies. The conclusion explores these movements as the tip of a much deeper iceberg of conflict between extractive development and anti-colonialism.

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Canales, Carlos. "Petroleum conservation : do International Framework Agreements for the development of transboundary hydrocarbon resources effectively apply conservation principles?" Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/38823.

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The relationship between petroleum conservation and sustainable development is unquestionable. International Framework Agreements for the development of transboundary hydrocarbon resources play a fundamental role in strengthening petroleum conservation principles. So far the development of transboundary hydrocarbon resources has been mainly about drawing squares and triangles, with conservation as a secondary objective. This thesis examines the role of petroleum conservation in six recent framework agreements. The study is built around the application of conservation principles for the development of offshore transboundary hydrocarbon resources. The work attempts to identify, analyse and synthesise the legal content regarding petroleum conservation principles in recent framework agreements, and based upon this suggest how future international instruments should be developed. More than half of known petroleum reservoirs lie either across defined boundaries lines or in contested areas. Their development is becoming necessary to supplement current production which largely comes from mature basins. The need to further incorporate petroleum conservation measures for the benefit of everyone is therefore more apparent than ever. The ancient choice between cooperation and conflict for developing shared resources must now be driven by conservation principles. The consolidation of sustainable development under international law provides a unique opportunity to see transboundary hydrocarbon resources with fresh eyes, with a more cosmopolitan approach in favour of nature and humanity as a whole. Petroleum conservation should not be left out of the broader international discussions on sustainability. Nations wealth is intertwined with shared geology, peoples and nature.

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Farchakh, Loubna. "The concept of intergenerational equity in international law /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80918.

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The theory of intergenerational equity is closely linked to the notion of sustainable development. It is indeed considered to be one of its aspect. Intergenerational equity can be divided in two facets: the intergenerational component links the present generation to future generations, while the intragenerational aspect imposes, within the same generation, a duty for industrialized countries to help developing countries. The legal status of intergenerational equity appears to be limited because of its qualification as a concept. Therefore, this concept of intergenerational equity belongs to the realm of soft law. Nevertheless, legal implications can be drawn out from this theory. Different means of implementation can be envisioned, some belonging to the domain of soft law, other employing more classical tools, such as institutional mechanisms.

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Williams, Christopher David. "Technology based learning : an international perspective : development and evaluation of resources for health workers in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37812.

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Introduction: E-learning is a familiar feature of health worker education in developed countries and there is interest in its use in developing regions, including sub-Saharan Africa, to overcome health workers’ lack of access to information, learning and professional development opportunities. However, there is limited evidence to guide such developments. The issues are complex, more so due to the size and diversity of sub-Saharan Africa and its health workforce, and rapid technological progress. Objectives: - Understand issues affecting the development and implementation of e-learning for health workers in sub-Saharan Africa. - Develop and pilot an e-learning resource in eye health. - Evaluate its impact on clinical skills. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to explore issues including infrastructure, skills, health systems, learners’ needs and preferences related to e-learning design, development and implementation. This was integrated with evidence from a study of patients’ journeys of care to develop a novel e-learning resource in eye health using a quality improvement approach. After piloting, the impact on medical students’ clinical skills was assessed using a ‘low stakes’ Objective Structured Clinical Examination in a randomised trial. Results: A holistic view of the current situation related to e-learning in sub-Saharan Africa was achieved. Piloting of the resource confirmed its broad acceptability and gave recommendations for final refinements and implementation. In the trial setting, students exposed to the resource demonstrated better clinical skills (mean scores: 71.6% and 68.4%, (p=0.048)); pass rate 90.0% vs 64.5% (p = 0.032) with significant improvements for ‘differential diagnosis’ and ‘making a management plan’. Conclusions: E-learning can be successfully applied in sub-Saharan Africa and a quality improvement approach integrating research with resource development is proposed. From this experience, an algorithm for e-learning development is presented.

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Ceesay, Juanita. "A law and development analysis of parallel law systems within the natural resources sector in Africa." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0043.

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La position normative de cette thèse est qu’il existe une contrainte légale en ce qui concerne le régime minier des pays riches en ressources en Afrique. Cela a abouti à la création d'un système de droit pluraliste qui continuera à prospérer dans les pays en développement en raison du contexte historique de la plupart de ces pays. Cependant, avoir un système mixte comprenant un régime juridique formel et informel n'équivaut pas nécessairement à un désavantage. Le problème se pose lorsqu'il y a une réticence à accepter l'un de ces systèmes. C’est le cas actuellement du régime informel qui existe principalement sous forme de système de droit non reconnu et donc illégitime. Cependant, les preuves tirées de cette thèse montrent les avantages que des règles et normes informelles peuvent offrir au régime juridique d’un pays. À cet égard, il est donc raisonnable de suggérer que quelque chose devrait être fait avec ce système, par opposition à sa marginalisation persistante dans l'ombre du régime formel. Cette thèse propose donc la formalisation de certains attributs du système informel qui régissent le secteur des ressources naturelles. De plus, la formalisation envisagée dans le secteur minier ne cherche pas à codifier les lois et s'inscrit dans une approche de la législation allant du local au international. À cet égard, l'objectif de la formalisation, tel que proposé par cette thèse, est de trouver des solutions possibles pour combler le hiatus entre les régimes formel et informel qui fonctionnent actuellement en parallèle dans l'espace minier. C’est dans l’espoir que la synchronisation de ces deux ensembles de lois faciliterait l’épanouissement du développement économique et humain / social basé sur le secteur minier
The normative position of this dissertation is that there is a constraint of the law with regards to the mining regime of resource rich countries in Africa. This has resulted in the creation of a pluralist system of law will continue to thrive in developing countries as a result of the historical context which most of these countries derive. However, having a mixed system comprising of a formal and informal legal regime does not necessarily equate a disadvantage. The problem arises when there is a reluctance in accepting one of these systems. This is the case currently with the informal regime which exists mostly as an unrecognized and therefore illegitimate system of law. Yet, evidence from this dissertation shows the advantages which informal rules and norms can offer to a country’s legal regime. In this regard, it is therefore reasonable to suggest that something ought to be done with this system as opposed to its continued marginalization in the shadows of the formal regime. This dissertation therefore proposes the formalization of selected attributes of the informal system which govern the natural resources sector of resouce rich countries in Africa. Moreover, the formalization envisioned in the mining sector, makes no attempt to codify laws and is in alignment with a local to international approach to law making. In this regard, the aim for formalization, as proposed by this dissertation, is in finding possible solutions for bridging the hiatus between the formal and informal regime which currently work in parallel with each other within the mining space. This is in hopes that the synchronizing of these two sets of laws would facilitate the flourishing of economic and human/social development based on the mining sector

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Munoz, Laura C. V. "Spreading The Char: The Importance of Local Compatibility in the Diffusion of Biochar Systems to the Smallholder Agriculture Community Context." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/102.

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This thesis enters the context of smallholder agriculture communities in the developing world. It explores the potentials of biochar and what biochar systems could bring to the smallholder communities while simultaneously bringing environmental benefits. It then acknowledges the challenges of diffusion –the spreading of an unfamiliar innovation. It seeks to answer the question of what will make diffusion of biochar systems more successful in the smallholder context, fixating on the characteristic of compatibility as well as the role local community members can play in making a new biochar system more visible to the rest of the communities.

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Espada, Gildo Manuel. "International law on water transfers." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1880344.

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Cuq, Marie. "L'alimentation en droit international." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100128.

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En 2015, la FAO estimait qu’environ 795 millions de personnes sont sous-alimentées dans le monde. Les Nations Unies ont régulièrement qualifié cette situation « d’atteinte à la dignité humaine ». La coopération internationale est légitimement devenue dans ce contexte un moyen privilégié de lutter contre la malnutrition. Cependant, l’alimentation est au carrefour de nombreuses problématiques. Certains Etats sont soucieux d’affirmer leur autosuffisance alimentaire tandis que d’autres rencontrent des difficultés à gérer leurs surplus. Les enjeux de qualité sanitaire ou nutritionnelle côtoient les inquiétudes liées à la diminution accélérée de la diversité génétique. Face à ces préoccupations diverses, les aliments ont fait l’objet de nombreuses règles internationales. Certaines favorisent la libéralisation de leur production et de leur commerce, au détriment parfois d’une prise en compte du niveau de développement des pays, de la diversité biologique ou de la qualité des aliments. D’autres tiennent compte de ces questions mais leur articulation paraît délicate avec les règles de la libéralisation économique. Pourtant, les Etats ont érigé l’accès à l’alimentation comme un objectif mondial et la cohérence du droit international semble indispensable pour sa réalisation. La présente étude vise ainsi à déterminer dans quelle mesure le droit international, caractérisé par la fragmentation de ses règles, contribue à l’amélioration des conditions d’accès à une alimentation adéquate au niveau mondial
In 2015, FAO estimated that approximately 795 million people are undernourished in the world. The United Nations has regularly qualified this situation as “a violation of human dignity”. In this context, the international cooperation legitimately became a privileged means to fight against malnutrition. However, the access to food is at the crossroads of numerous problems. Some States are eager to assert their self-sufficiency while others meet difficulties managing their surpluses. Health or nutritional quality issues join concerns about the accelerated loss of genetic diversity. Responding to these various concerns, food has been the subject of many international rules. Some promote the liberalization of their production and trade, sometimes to the detriment of a consideration of the level of development of countries, of the biological diversity or the quality of food. Some take account of these issues but their coordination seems difficult with the rules of economic liberalization. Nevertheless, States set up the access to food as a global goal and the coherence of international law seems essential for its achievement. The present study aims to determine to what extent international law, characterized by the fragmentation of its rules, contributes to improving the conditions of access to adequate food at the world level

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'International Resource Development'

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