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Journal articles on the topic 'International Sanitary Conventions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Hotsuliak, S. "INTERNATIONAL SANITARY CONFERENCE IN DRESDEN A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON QUARANTINE RESTRICTIONS." Znanstvena misel journal, no. 90 (May 27, 2024): 24–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11358081.

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The article provides an in-depth analysis of how International Conventions on Sanitation have influenced the development of sanitary-epidemiological legislation. It investigates the impact of these conventions on the regulation of quarantine measures and their effectiveness in combating pandemics and epidemics on a global level. The study is focused on the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a period marked by heightened international efforts to control epidemics. The key terms for this research include International Convention on Sanitation, epidemic, and quarantine measures.

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2

Kshetri, B. Thapa. "National seed legislation: Harmonization with international treaties and conventions." Agronomy Journal of Nepal 3 (October 24, 2013): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9016.

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Government of Nepal (GoN) started seed legislation by framing different acts such as Seed Act, 1988 (2045), Seed Regulation 1997(2054) and Seed Policy, 1999 (2056) to regulate seed and seed related issues. Some of these acts have been amended and redrafted according to needs. During this period, GoN, became a contracting party to Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD), 1992 and International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA), 2001. It also signed the Cartagena Protocol, 2000 and received the member of WTO in 2004. In these treaties and convention, Nepal has

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3

Fidler, David P. "From International Sanitary Conventions to Global Health Security: The New International Health Regulations." Chinese Journal of International Law 4, no. 2 (2005): 325–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmi029.

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4

Пай, С. С. "Sanitary-epidemiological service in Primorye in 1920-1923s." Historical bulletin 7, no. 4 (2024): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.58224/2658-5685-2024-7-4-129-133.

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в статье Пай С.С. освещаются особенности деятельности санитарно-эпидемиологической службы на транспорте в Приморье в период гражданской войны и после ее окончания. Значительный приток азиатского населения в Приморскую область из сопредельных стран, неблагополучных по инфекциям приводил к распространению смертельно опасных эпидемий. Водный и железнодорожный транспорт являлись путями распространения эпидемических заболеваний. В Приморской области существовала медико-санитарная охрана морских и сухопутных границ. Работа Владивостокской морской санитарно-наблюдательной станции велась согласно Межд

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Bourdoncle, Emmanuel. "La conciliation des mesures sanitaires prises par les États avec l’application du droit diplomatique." Annuaire français de droit international 66, no. 1 (2020): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/afdi.2020.5445.

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Abstract : The global pandemic situation has led States to take various health measures that may constitute obstacles to the proper functioning of diplomatic and consular missions and therefore to the proper application of diplomatic and consular law. The assessment of the conformity of these measures with the regimes established by the Vienna Conventions of 1961 and 1963 on diplomatic and consular relations is the occasion for a renewed analysis of this essential area of public international law. First of all, it is then possible to observe its peculiarities in the search for an implementatio

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Нavrylenko, Alexander, and Tetyana Syroid. "FORMATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SECURITY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Law", no. 31 (August 4, 2021): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2075-1834-2021-31-14.

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The article is devoted to the historical and legal review of the problems of the genesis of the international legal framework for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological safety in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. Attention is drawn to the fact that initially the states independently, separately from each other established for themselves a system of anti-epidemic measures. Subsequently, an important step towards ensuring collective epidemiological security was the establishment of dialogue between neighboring countries, primarily to prevent the possibility of transmission of the v

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7

Black, Robert, and Irina Kireeva. "Sanitary and Phytosanitary Legislation in the Russian Federation: A General Overview in Light of the WTO SPS Agreement and EU Principles of Food Safety." Review of Central and East European Law 35, no. 3 (2010): 225–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157303510x12650378240313.

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AbstractThis article introduces the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules on sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and the European Union's policies and legislation that exemplify these rules. This forms the basis for examining primary Russian SPS legislation governing border controls and its relationship with legislative provisions on human, animal, and plant health and food safety. Specific Russsian primary federal laws (federal'nye zakony) covering veterinary medicine, plant health, food quality/safety, pesticides and agrochemicals, and technical regulations are compared with correspondi

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8

Hotsuliak, Svitlana. "Legal regulation of sanitary affairs in Europe in the 19th century." Law and innovations, no. 1 (29) (March 31, 2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2020-1(29)-10.

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Problem setting. Since ancient times, guardianship of the health of the population has become an obligatory part of the foundation of a powerful state. Later on, special bodies began to be created, whose powers at first were limited only to the monitoring of food supplies, but with the spread of epidemics their role increased and spread around the world. In the 19th century, cities began to grow rapidly and the number of inhabitants increased. States were faced with the challenge of ensuring healthy living conditions. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The scientific research on t

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Fałdowska, Maryla. "Children of State Police Offi cers and Soldiers of the Polish Army in NKVD Special Camps." Internal Security 10, no. 2 (2019): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4227.

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The article presents issues concerning juvenile prisoners of three special camps in Kozielsk, Starobielsk and Ostashkov. The author draws attention to the lack of definition of the legal status of minors after 1918, and thus — the lack of provisions on ensuring the safety of children in the international standards governing the treatment of prisoners of war in force during World War II and internal legal acts of the Soviet Union. The article emphasizes that the participation of children in armed conflicts was regulated as late as ten years after the outbreak of World War II in international hu

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10

Hrynzovskyi, Anatolii. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM REGARDING THE SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE BE-FORE THE TWENTIETH CENTURY." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 116, no. 2 (2020): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/usmyj.2(116).2020.4-14.

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In this paper we considered the establishment and development of na-tional and local authorities, whose task was to provide and implement a na-tional policy for the prevention of the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. We studied the powers of state and local governments in the structure of the control system of the spread of infectious diseases in the Russian Em-pire until the early twentieth century. Shown is the relative impact of the development of medical science, in-ternational trade on the adoption of international sanitary conventions and the development of new legal documents

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Shukatka, Oksana, and Illya Kryvoruchko. "THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF LEGAL AND REGULATORY LEGISLATION ON PRESERVATION OF HEALTH IN QUARANTINE CONDITIONS." Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work», no. 1(48) (May 27, 2021): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2021.48.465-468.

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The article raises an issue of preservation and strengthening health in pandemic conditions, because self-isolation and restrictions on the movement of people cause the loss of physical activity and the emergence of chronic diseases. It is known that all quarantine restrictions and rules are being created and regulated by the state at the legislative level. We appeal to the primary sources of quarantine legislation for deeper understanding of the issue. The purpose of the article is to investigate the historical background of legal and regulatory legislation on preservation of health in quaran

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Burrell, R. M. "The 1904 epidemic of cholera in Persia: some aspects of qājār society." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 51, no. 2 (1988): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00114570.

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Of all the diseases which afflicted mankind in the nineteenth century cholera has a good claim to the unenviable title of being the most dreaded. It was certainly the one which prompted the first sustained efforts to devise and implement international sanitary conventions. The reasons why cholera was so feared are many. Until the second decade of the century it was confined to the Indian subcontinent—where it had probably existed since ancient times—and medical knowledge of it elsewhere was practically nil. In 1817, however, maritime trade carried the infection to other lands and thus began th

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13

Smetanin, V. N. "Hand hygiene in medical organizations: implementation of the concept as an effective measure for HAI prevention." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 11 (October 30, 2022): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2211-04.

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The article presents the results of a study aimed at substantiating hand hygiene in medical organizations as the most effective measure for preventing HCAI in the framework of the implementation of the National Concept for the Prevention of Infections Associated with Medical Care (approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on November 6, 2011). It was found that healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are an urgent problem of modern Russian healthcare. The main causes of HCAI are insufficiently effective infection control methods in medical organizations and the ove

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14

Sealey, Anne. "Globalizing the 1926 International Sanitary Convention." Journal of Global History 6, no. 3 (2011): 431–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022811000404.

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AbstractThe 1926 International Sanitary Convention, which laid out requirements for port sanitation and quarantine in order to limit the spread of diseases internationally, changed the way that the world approached international epidemic control. The 1926 convention is notable for two reasons: the increased reliance on epidemic intelligence rather than quarantine, and the splitting of the world into a series of formalized regional networks under the auspices of a global agreement. This article explores the creation and the limits of this system as a window into shifting understandings of disea

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15

LINON, P. J. "De l’aviation sanitaire aux conventions internationales : le rôle précurseur de Charles Louis Julliot." Médecine et Armées Vol. 40 No. 2, Volume 40, Numéro 2 (April 1, 2012): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.6602.

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Juriste éminent, Charles Louis Julliot est un des pionniers de l'aviation et de l’évacuation sanitaire aérienne, participant aux travaux de la Ligue nationale aérienne dès sa création en 1908. Par ses réflexions sur la protection des blessés transportés par avion, il soulève le problème de la neutralité. Dès 1912, il propose que le Gouvernement français provoque une conférence internationale de la Croix-Rouge aérienne. Son objectif majeur est la protection juridique des avions transportant des blessés dans le cadre d'une convention internationale appliquant à la guerre aérienne les principes d

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Pratama, Garry Gumelar. "NEW NORMAL AVIATION SAFETY: INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS ON PREVENTION OF COVID-19 TRANSMISSION BY MEAN OF INTERNATIONAL AVIATION." Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 5, no. 1 (2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v5i1.348.

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AbstractEach party of the Chicago Convention 1944, the treaty governing international aviation, has agreed to take effective measures to prevent the spreading of diseases including the New CoronaVirus 2019 or COVID-19, which ruptures so many aspects of life. In fact, the current situation is not the first encounter of international aviation law with the same problem, combating dangerous and contagious disease pandemic. Before COVID-19, International aviation had to deal with highly contagious diseases such as Avian Influenza and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Now, states have learne

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17

Klipfel, Coralie. "L’activation des clauses de dérogation aux conventions de protection des droits de l’homme dans le cadre de la crise sanitaire." Annuaire français de droit international 66, no. 1 (2020): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/afdi.2020.5446.

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In response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, around one hundred States declared a national ‘ state of emergency’. The exceptional measures adopted under this framework put at risk the States’ ability to fulfill their international human rights obligations. Nonetheless, only 31 States formally derogated from the International covenant on political and civil rights, the European Convention on human rights and the American Convention on human rights. These differences in State’s perception about the necessity to derogate, or not, highlight the uncertainties still existing in the application of t

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18

Jamieson, L. E., H. N. DeSilva, S. P. Worner, D. J. Rogers, M. G. Hill, and J. T. S. Walker. "A review of methods for assessing and managing market access and biosecurity risks using systems approaches." New Zealand Plant Protection 66 (January 8, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2013.66.5511.

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Systems approaches to managing risks on a pathway are increasingly seen as alternatives to singlepoint risk management treatments applied at the border One key challenge of systems approaches is the difficulty in measuring risk management effectiveness across an entire pathway comprising many complex processes The World Trade Organisation (WTO) agreement on the application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS) states that measures must be applied only to the extent required to achieve an appropriate degree of sanitary/phytosanitary protection (not unnecessarily traderestrictive) and mus

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Jovičić, Sanja. "COVID-19 restrictions on human rights in the light of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights." ERA Forum 21, no. 4 (2020): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12027-020-00630-w.

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AbstractThe aim of this article is to examine the restrictions imposed by European States on individual human rights during the COVID-19 pandemic in the light of the European Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. After an overview of the development of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on public emergencies and Article 15 of the Convention, the article will examine how the Court’s case-law could be applied to the current sanitary situation.

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Janlar Huseynova, Nurana. "THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTIGUOUS ZONE FOR THE COASTAL STATE." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (2021): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/333-336.

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The United Nation Convention on the law of the sea recognizes that the coastal states have the right to establish contiguous zone in which the coastal state may exercise the limited control necessary to prevent or punish infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration and sanitary laws and regulations that occurs within its territory or territorial sea. Under international law the maximum breadth of the contiguous zone is twenty-four nautical miles. Regulation of irregular migration, illegal traffic in drugs, environment, terrorism at sea or underwater cultural heritage increase the importanc

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Saenko, M. I., V. V. Goloborodko, and V. S. Pleskachova. "Current challenges in the field of human rights protection during the covid-19 pandemic." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 64 (August 14, 2021): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.64.11.

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In the articles on the problems of quarantine restrictions during the coronavirus pandemic, ambiguities are identified against epidemiological measures in the legislation of Ukraine. Emphasis is also placed on the violation of international acts ratified by Ukraine and the inconsistency of norms in national and international law. The normative legal acts of Ukraine are considered, which propose to allow restriction of certain rights and freedoms of man and citizen. The fundamental aspects of the right to protection from pressure on a person, enshrined in the European Convention on Human

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Predybailo, A. I. "International protection of older persons during armed conflicts." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 5 (December 30, 2022): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.05.80.

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In the article is was analyzed the provisions of international humanitarian law (Convention (IV) relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war (1949), Commentary on the Convention (1958) etc.) regarding the protection of the older people It is noted that international humanitarian law provides protection to the older people as members of the civilian population, because it is not based on categories of persons and protects all persons who do not take part in hostilities. It is indicated that the provisions of the Convention (IV) relative to the protection of civilian persons in

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Manalu, Velicia Theoartha, Sinta Dewi Rosadi, and Prita Amalia. "IMPLEMENTATION REGIONALIZATION PRINCIPLE BASED ON SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY (SPS) AGREEMENT ACCORDING TO VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES (VCLT) OF 1969." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 10, no. 2 (2021): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v10i2.44710.

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<em>The practice of the regionalization principle in Article 6 Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement is still conflicted. This is because of several cases regarding the members misinterpretation of international guidelines in the regionalization principle, such as India – Agricultural Products and Russia – Pigs (EU). Recently, Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (Covid-19) has been considered to affect animal trade. Such conditions prompt the World Trade Organization (WTO) to recommend the Members to take SPS Measures to protect their domestic market. However, the trade would be inhibited in

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Wongkaew, Thitirat. "Legal Problems of Future Sanitary and Phytosanitary Co-operation between ASEAN and the Three-Sisters." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 43, Issue 3 (2016): 235–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2016012.

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Changes generated by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)’s decisions made in the sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) area cannot all be considered as ‘developments’. Some of them, provoked by protectionist measures, may be regarded as ‘regressions’ because they produce negative effects (anti-development), which could thwart the effective protection of public health under regional frameworks, and a fortiori the integration process towards ASEAN 2025. This article highlights the potential of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the World Animal Health Organization and the Secretariat o

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Budiev, A. Yu, V. V. Lupachev, R. V. Kubasov, M. V. Popov, and E. D. Kubasova. "MEDICAL SAILING DIRECTIONS OF NORTHERN SEA ROUTE." Marine Medicine 5, no. 1 (2019): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2019-5-1-66-70.

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Arctic territory of Russia is a very important strategic and economic region. In accordance of State politic it’s importance to development and supporting of Arctic regions. The authors are aim for revealing of medical supporting amount in North Sea Route (NSR). From this aim it was set tasks: to estimate a structure of medical facilities in seaports of Arctic ocean: to identify a medical qualification about sea medicine in medical facilities; to check a syatistical documents about morbidity, traumatism and death between seamen; to estimate an Russian and international cooperation in Arctic se

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Kireeva, Irina. "International Trade and Plant Protection Issues: Example of Plant Quarantine Law of the Russian Federation." Journal of World Trade 44, Issue 3 (2010): 591–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2010021.

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In the context of the Russian Federation’s significant trade relations in plants and plant products with other countries, the Russian Federation Law on Plant Quarantine was reviewed in comparison with the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and the EC Plant Health Directive (2000/29/EC). The Russian Law dates from 2001 when the current version of the IPPC (‘1997 revision’) was already in place but basically adopts the plant health principles of the previous version. Hence, some key provisions of the 1997 version that bring the IPPC in line with the Agreement on the Application of

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Kumar Saini, Manoj, Vishnu Kumar, Deo Prakash Pandey, and Kumar Chiranjeeb. "PLANT QUARANTINE: AN EFFECTIVE APPROACH FOR THE PREVENTION OF DISEASES: A REVIEW." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 10 (2022): 1394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15616.

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A major factor in the long-distance spread of diseases and insect pests that could be dangerous to the agriculture of the importing country is the interchange of germplasm and the international trade of agri-horticultural products. Protecting nations from the unauthorized influx of novel insect pests and illnesses fall within the purview of the National Plant Protection Organizations. Combining regulatory and technical strategies that can guarantee biosecurity for a country or region can be used to achieve the exclusion. The International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs), which off

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Vodyanitskаyа, S. Yu, O. V. Sergienko, N. G. Ivanova, et al. "About the Results of Monitoring Researches of Ballast Waters and Data of Identification of the Vibrioes Strains Selected During the Ships Researches in Russian Seaports in 2018." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2020-1-55-61.

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Relevance. In September, 2017 the International Convention on Control of Ships’ Ballast Waters and sediments, in which the Russian Federation takes part, came into effect.Aim of article is to cover the results of implementation of the Convention in Russia, regarding selection and analysis of ballast waters tests for compliance with the international standard.Material and methods. The materials for work were data on ship arrivals at the international seaports of the Russian Federation, provided by sanitary and quarantine departments of the Russian ports, and monitoring researches of ballast wat

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Vodyanitskаyа, S. Yu, O. V. Sergienko, N. G. Ivanova, et al. "About the Results of Monitoring Researches of Ballast Waters and Data of Identification of the Vibrioes Strains Selected During the Ships Researches in Russian Seaports in 2018." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 97, no. 1 (2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-1-55-61.

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Relevance. In September, 2017 the International Convention on Control of Ships’ Ballast Waters and sediments, in which the Russian Federation takes part, came into effect.Aim of article is to cover the results of implementation of the Convention in Russia, regarding selection and analysis of ballast waters tests for compliance with the international standard.Material and methods. The materials for work were data on ship arrivals at the international seaports of the Russian Federation, provided by sanitary and quarantine departments of the Russian ports, and monitoring researches of ballast wat

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Minyailov, N. A. "Legal Protection of the Civilian Health Care System in Conditions of Armed Conflict." Disaster Medicine, no. 4 (December 2023): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-4-24-27.

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Summary. The aim of the study is to analyze the modern interpretation of the norms of international humanitarian law (IHL), devoted to the loss of special protection for the objects of the health care system in the light of the updated Commentary to the Geneva Convention I (GC I). Materials and research methods. Materials of the study were the updated Commentary to the Geneva Convention I: Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Active Armies; domestic and foreign literature on the protection of medical personnel in armed conflict. The method of the research

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Grimene, Chaima, Oussama Mghirbi, Philippe Le Grusse, and Jean-Paul Bord. "Evaluation of Sanitary and Environmental Impact of Plant Protection Practices in Vineyards of Southwestern France: Organic and Conventional/Integrated Agriculture." Sustainability 17, no. 2 (2025): 583. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020583.

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The French wine industry is spread across the country and represents 789,000 ha (2023). Over 20% of the plant protection products (PPPs) sold in France are used in viticulture on less than 4% of the French UAA (Utilized Agricultural Area). The share of wine estates with organic farming certification has risen sharply, reaching 9% of French vineyards in 2016. The position occupied by the wine sector on both the national and international scale confirms the need to examine the impacts of different management practices in viticulture on human health and the environment. This study presents an app

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Broude, Tomer. "Mapping the Potential Interactions between UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage Regime and World Trade Law." International Journal of Cultural Property 25, no. 4 (2018): 419–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739118000255.

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Abstract:The 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (CSICH) was not intended to have legal repercussions in international trade. Nevertheless, intangible cultural heritage (ICH) may interact with trade regulation under various scenarios. The CSICH “Representative List” inscribes numerous ICH elements with real and potential international commercial aspects and consequent trade law implications. These emergent trade law–ICH regime dynamics require not only some critical reflection (for example, is safeguarding of ICH ultimately dependent on commodification or, at l

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Yulianto, Andri. "Safety Operation on Board an Economical Human Factors Perspectives." Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health 2, no. 4 (2023): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ajesh.v2i4.69.

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This research was aimed to present some research-based information about conditions and obstacles which commonly become issues on board. This research provided various human factors related to safety operation on board which more or less influence seafarer’s duty and responsibility. The research data were collected through questionnaire. Some literature studies of factors on board were also presented including ship familiarization, life-saving appliances, sanitary and hygiene, accommodation, food, wages, work hours/rest hours, communication, interpersonal relationship, teamwork, language and c

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Tiuftii, S. M. "Medical and sanitary provision of convicts in places of detention in the mechanism of exercising the right to health care." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (April 28, 2022): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2021.04.49.

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The article reveals the place of medical and sanitary provision of convicts in places of detention in the mechanism of exercising the right to health care. It is noted that in accordance with current legislation and international standards in the mechanism of exercising the right to health care, the state is responsible for the life and health of persons under its control, regardless of their legal status. An analysis of national legislation and international documents in the field of protection of the right of a convict to adequate medical care in places of detention showed that medical

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Khamidulina, Kh Kh, E. V. Tarasova, A. S. Proskurina, et al. "ON THE NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYGIENIC STANDARDS (MACs) IN THE WATER AND AIR OF THE WORKING AREA FOR PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Toxicological Review, no. 5 (November 5, 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2020-5-21-31.

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Currently, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has no hygienic standards in the air of the working area and objects of the human environment in the Russian Federation. By the decision of the Stockholm Convention SC-9/12, PFOA, its salts and derivatives are included in Part I of Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2019 (with exceptions for possible use). The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade included PFOA, its salts and derivatives in the list of potential candidates fo

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Ali, Naheeda. "Exploring the Criteria for the Evaluation of Scientific Evidence in Free Trade Agreements." Human Nature Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2023): 331–42. https://doi.org/10.71016/hnjss/j87tr132.

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Study Background: For a long period, the standards of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement were the only scientific conditions incorporated in WTO agreements (WTO). Notwithstanding this, the use of science to international trade law extends far beyond the SPS Agreement. The argument between Australia and Plain Packaging has demonstrated that there may be subtle scientific factors involved in the evaluation of non-SPS solutions. Also, free trade agreements and other types of preferential trade should be discussed (PTAs). Aim of the Study: With this context in mind, this study looks in

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Podoba, Y., V. Pinchuk, O. Tertychna, O. Mineralov, and V. Deshko. "Content of heavy metals in the digestate from poultry by-products." Agroecological journal, no. 4 (September 26, 2023): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2023.293755.

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Content of heavy and other metals, which have the sanitary status of «harmful substances» in various national and European standards and quality guidelines, in the by-products of poultry farming and its processing products — digestate from a biogas station — was determined. Expediency of analyzing the chemical composition of organic raw materials at different stages of the technological process for obtaining high-quality organic fertilizer based on digestate from biogas station is substantiated. Granulation of the solid fraction of the digestate was carried out to obtain granulated organic fer

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Kovalenko, T., and O. Zaiets. "International legal protection of the Carpathians: the Ukrainian dimension." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 73 (2022): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.73.27.

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Effective support for the sustainable development of the Carpathian region cannot be provided by only one country, therefore interregional and transnational cooperation is necessary. The article analyzes the provisions of the Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians, which was adopted on May 22, 2003 in Kyiv, as well as its protocols (Protocol on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological and Landscape Diversity dated May 22, 2003, Kyiv, Protocol on Sustainable Forest Management dated May 27, 2011, Bratislava, Protocol on Sustainable Tourism

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Semplici, Stefano. "Accesso equo, qualità appropriata. Venti anni dopo la Convenzione di Oviedo / Equitable access, appropriate quality. Twenty years after the Oviedo Convention." Medicina e Morale 66, no. 6 (2018): 763–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2017.519.

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Il diritto alla tutela della salute, che include l’accesso ai servizi sanitari, è sancito in molte Dichiarazioni e altri documenti normativi a livello internazionale. Il riferimento all’equità è solitamente introdotto per affrontare i vincoli delle risorse disponibili e non eludere la realtà di persistenti diseguaglianze. Il riferimento all’adeguatezza è volto a sottolineare il ruolo delle competenze professionali e della conoscenza e dei progressi scientifici al fine di soddisfare esigenze reali, ma anche di ottimizzare l’utilizzo delle risorse. L’articolo 3 della Convenzione di Oviedo mira a

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Hutchison, Cameron. "International environmental law attempts to be “mutually supportive” with international trade law: A compatibility analysis of the Cartagena protocol to the convention on biological diversity with the world trade organisation agreement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures." Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy 4, no. 1 (2001): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880290109353969.

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LYTVYN, Mykola. "UKRAINE AS AN OBJECT OF GLOBAL GEOPOLITICS: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND LESSONS OF THE RESOLUTION OF THE CONFERENCE OF AMBASSADORS IN MARCH 14, 1923." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 37 (2023): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2023-37-80-94.

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The report reconstructs how one hundred years ago the world's largest powers, primarily France, Great Britain, Japan, the Kingdom of Italy, and the United States, began to build a new Versailles-Washington system of international relations, which consolidated territorial changes as a result of the First World War and the collapse of the German, Ottoman, and Austrian-Hungarian and Russian empires. The geopolitical prerequisites and consequences of the Resolution of the Council of Ambassadors of March 14, 1923 regarding Eastern Galicia are analyzed. It has been proven that the principle of self-

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Tsai, Wen-Tien. "Recycling Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and the Management of Its Toxic Substances in Taiwan—A Case Study." Toxics 8, no. 3 (2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8030048.

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In the past two decades, the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management has become an important environmental issue internationally because it contained hazardous substances like heavy metals and brominated flame retardants. Moreover, some valuable substances were used in the electrical and electronic products, thus representing a circular industry for recycling of WEEE. Therefore, the Taiwan government formulated a legal WEEE recycling system since 1998 in response to the international trends of sustainable waste management and extended producer responsibility (EPR). This art

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JIN, Qing. "The Formation of Shanghai Customs Quarantine System based on Medical Inspection: Acceptance and Transformation between England-Shanghai-Joseon from 1872 to 1894." Korean Journal of Medical History 31, no. 1 (2022): 129–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2022.31.129.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of establishing a quarantine system based on medical inspection by Shanghai Customs. England was the first to introduce a quarantine system based on medical inspection during the nineteenth century; with the majority of the Shanghai Customs administration being English, this system was able to be adopted with ease, and it was later transformed and accepted in Joseon. This paper further investigates the details of the actual medical inspection conducted by the Customs Medical Officer (CMO) who worked at the forefront of the actual quarantine a

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Gonzalez-Montoro, Andrea. "Technical Requirements of PET Systems for Assessing Gynecological Cancers." Journal of Gynecology and Maternal Health 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.59462/jgmh.1.1.104.

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The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics has recognized the benefits of using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging in the detection, stage evaluation and followup of gynecological cancers (GCs). However, conventional state-of-the-art PET scanners offer low sensitivity and non-uniform spatial resolutions which are insufficient for the correct diagnosis of onco-gynecological lesions. Extending the use of PET in the gynecological practice requires the development of patientadaptable scanners able to provide photon depth of interaction (DOI) information for 3D positioning of

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Awo, Miranda Egbe, Ambo Fonge Beatrice, and Tabi Tabot Pascal. "Ecosystem Services and Perception of Water Quality of Lake Barombi Kotto, Cameroon." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 3 (2019): 1739–46. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23529.

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This study carried out in BarombiKotto was aimed at assessing ecosystem services provided by Lake BarombiKotto and its riparian vegetation and to determine the level of awareness of this community to threats to degradation of water quality and riparian vegetation. Two hundred semi structured questionnaires were administered to the inhabitants of BarombiKotto village using the purposive sampling method. The Likert rating method was used to derive quantitative data that was further analysed using SPSS version 17. Results revealed that, respondents depended on the lake and vegetation for the prov

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Zichi, Gian Lorenzo. "The multilateral security organizations at stake. NATO, OSCE and the Covid-19 emergency: an opportunity into the crisis?" HAPSc Policy Briefs Series 1, no. 1 (2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hapscpbs.24965.

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The Coronavirus outbreak showed how nobody was prepared to this crisis and to its economic, social and political implications which now represent the main challenge for political actors. However, if the measures taken by national states to curb the sanitary emergency seem to have partially restored their capacity to address the events, the Covid-19 has struck a significant blow to the already fragile multilateral system, as exemplified by the allegations – some of them based on coherent elements of criticism, other with less objective basis and misleading – to the World Health Organization (WH

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ITHAKA. "Biochar from animal manure: A critical assessment on technical feasibility, economic viability, and ecological impact." GCB Bioenergy 15, no. 9 (2023): 1075–185. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13082.

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Animal manure has been used to manage soil fertility since the dawn of agricul-ture. It provides plant nutrients and improves soil fertility. In the last decades, animal husbandry has been significantly expanded globally. Its economics were optimized via the (international) trade of feed, resulting in a surplus of animal manure in areas with intensive livestock farming. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs), pathogenic microorganisms, antibiotic residues, biocides, and other mi-cropollutants in manure threaten animal, human, and environmental health. Hence, manure application in crop fields is inc

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Cha, Sung-An. "Legal Basis and Nature of the Obligation to Provide Just Accommodation to Employees with Disabilities etc." Kyung Hee Law Journal 57, no. 2 (2022): 225–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15539/khlj.57.2.7.

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The most direct legal basis for the obligation to provide just accommodation to employees with disabilities is the Anti-Discrimination against and Remedies for Persons with Disabilities Act(ADRPDA). ADRPDA divides discrimination into direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, and refusal to provide just accommodation. The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities(CRPD) has separate provisions for non-discrimination and the obligation to provide reasonable accommodation in relation to employment. CRPD is an international treaty that has been ratified and agreed to by the Nat

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Jannah, Nurul Faizatil, Fis Purwangka, and Budhi Hascaryo Iskandar. "KECUKUPAN AKOMODASI KAPAL PURSE SEINE (STUDI KASUS: KM BERKAH MELIMPAH DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN SAMUDERA NIZAM ZACHMAN JAKARTA) (An Adequacy Accommodation of Purse-seiner (A Case Study of KM Berkah Melimpah in Nizam Zachman Jakarta Fishing Port))." SAINTEK PERIKANAN : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology 14, no. 1 (2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.14.1.52-62.

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Kenyamanan dalam bekerja dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan kerja atau kondisi kerja dan faktor yang berkaitan dengan kerja tersebut. Kondisi kerja berkaitan dengan faktor seperti cahaya, suhu, asap, keamanan, kecelakaan, bising, debu, bau dan hal semacam itu yang mempengaruhi kinerja suatu pekerjaan atau kesejahteraan umum pekerja. Kecukupan akomodasi dan fasilitas nelayan di atas kapal merupakan salah satu upaya dalam keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja. International Labour Organization (ILO) memberikan pedoman terkait akomodasi nelayan di atas kapal. Unit penangkapan purse seine merupakan unit penang

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Martin-Fernandez, Judith, Aurelie Affret, Emma Martel, et al. "Realist evaluation of a theory-based life skills programme aiming to prevent addictive behaviours in adolescents: the ERIEAS study protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (2020): e034530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034530.

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IntroductionAdolescence is a sensitive life stage during which tobacco, alcohol and cannabis are used as ways to learn and adopt roles. There is a great deal of interest in substance use (SU) prevention programmes for young people that work to change representations of these products and help with mobilisation of life skills. Unfortunately, few existing programmes are evidence-based.In France, a programme called Expériences Animées (EA, Animated Experiences) has been developed, inspired by life skills development programmes that have been proven to be successful. The EA programme uses animated

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