To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: International soil classification.
Journal articles on the topic 'International soil classification'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'International soil classification.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kabała, Cezary, and Elżbieta Musztyfaga. "Clay-illuvial soils in the Polish and international soil classifications." Soil Science Annual 66, no. 4 (2015): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2015-0038.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSoil with a clay-illuvial subsurface horizon are the most widespread soil type in Poland and significantly differ in morphology and properties developed under variable environmental conditions. Despite the long history of investigations, the rules of classification and cartography of clay-illuvial soils have been permanently discussed and modified. The distinction of clay-illuvial soils into three soil types, introduced to the Polish soil classification in 2011, has been criticized as excessively extended, non-coherent with the other parts and rules of the classification, hard to introduce in soil cartography and poorly correlated with the international soil classifications. One type of clay-illuvial soils (“gleby płowe”) was justified and recommended to reintroduce in soil classification in Poland, as well as 10 soil subtypes listed in a hierarchical order. The subtypes may be combined if the soil has diagnostic features of more than one soil subtypes. Clear rules of soil name generalization (reduction of subtype number for one soil) were suggested for soil cartography on various scales. One of the most important among the distinguished soil sub-types are the “eroded” or “truncated” clay-illuvial soils.
2
Zinchuk, Mykola, Mykhailo Shevchuk, and Petro Zin’chuk. "Modern classifications of soils and problem of their regional harmonization in Ukraine." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 47 (November 27, 2014): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.47.877.
Full textAbstract:
Question of local inconsistencies of real soil cover versus theoretical data was raised in article. One of the reasons of inconsistencies is ignoring the problem of regional peculiarities of soil differences. The situation regarding the approaches to modern classification of soils in Ukraine, near abroad, as well as at the international level was analyzed. The active development of the classification of the models in the Eastern European countries was identified. The attention is focused on the future development of parametric approaches to classification of soils of Ukraine. Methodology of regional harmonization of soil cover of the Volhyn region by authentication of predominant soil types in the modern classification and International reference base for soil resources was proposed. Periodic monitoring of state of classification areas of soils for regional harmonization of criteria for the diagnosis of soil differences, the activation of the local soil science cells for assessment of the compliance levels of scientific developments in the classification and improvement of the normative base for soil resources of Ukraine was recommended to carry out. Key words: soils, genetic classifications, parametric classifications, taxons, soil forming processes, KRAH, KPAH.
3
Hasanova, Samira Afrasiyab. "CONSTRUCTION OF A DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM FOR SOIL IDENTIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM WRB." Advanced Information Systems 8, no. 1 (2024): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2024.1.13.
Full textAbstract:
Topicality. In this article discusses the identification of soils according to the international soil classification World Reference Base for Soil Resources system (WRB). The World Reference Base for Soil Resources was developed to identify soils and use the obtained data in different areas of everyday life: agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, etc. The purpose of the work Note that the WRB, developed by a group of soil scientists, is not meant to replace national classification systems. Besides this classification system, there are also different soil classifications designed by national soil science schools. The difference in the structures of these classifications necessitated the development of a diagnostic algorithm to correlate them with each other. Results Three options for determining whether a soil belongs to reference soil groups are considered, depending either on soil parameters only, or on a combination of diagnostic horizons and soil parameters, or only on diagnostic horizons. A group of scientists headed by M. Babayev also developed a national soil classification system for Azerbaijan. In order to compare these two systems, this study proposes a soil data structure, as well as an algorithm for soil identification according to the WRB classification on the basis of the proposed structure. Conclusion A soil diagnostic algorithm is developed, which will allow identifying any soil type with the corresponding WRB Reference Soil Group. Three variants of allocating soils to WRB Reference Soil Groups based only on soil parameters, or on the combination of diagnostic horizons and soil parameters, or only on diagnostic horizons are considered.
4
Morand, David T. "The World Reference Base for Soils (WRB) and Soil Taxonomy: an appraisal of their application to the soils of the Northern Rivers of New South Wales." Soil Research 51, no. 3 (2013): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12144.
Full textAbstract:
Few soil surveys in New South Wales have utilised international soil classifications. Extensive morphological and laboratory data collected during soil surveys in the Northern Rivers region provided a strong basis for correlation with the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), Soil Taxonomy (ST), and the Australian Soil Classification (ASC). Of the 32 reference soil groups comprising the WRB, 20 were present locally; nine of the 12 ST orders were present. After re-classification of soils, correlation of the ASC with the WRB and ST was undertaken. Soils not requiring extensive laboratory analysis for classification and sharing similar central concepts were the more straightforward to correlate. Several ASC orders have unique central concepts and were therefore difficult to correlate with any one WRB reference soil group or ST order/suborder. Other soils were difficult to correlate due to differences in definitions of similar diagnostic criteria. This is most applicable to soils with strong texture-contrast and those with natric conditions. Such soils are not adequately differentiated to suit the Northern Rivers conditions. Of the two international schemes, the WRB was easier to apply locally due to the relative simplicity of the scheme. Considering certain aspects of Australian soils would improve the applicability of the WRB as a truly international framework for soil classification and correlation. Amendments to both the ASC and WRB are suggested.
5
Aparin, B. F., and Ye Yu Sukhacheva. "Classification of urban soils in russian soil classification system and international classification of soils." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 79 (July 1, 2015): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2015-79-53-72.
Full text
6
Prokof’eva, Tatiana V. "Experience of the teaching of soil classification systems to students at different stages of education (Faculty of Soil Science, LMSU, Russia)." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 14, no. 1 (2018): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bgeo-2018-0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Soil classification systems provide a common language for scientific communication, represent the diversity of soils and create a scientific basis for soil management, monitoring and conservation. There are several soil classifications currently in use in Russia. Teaching soil systematics to students at the Faculty of Soil Science of the LMSU has developed over the years to meet specific requirements at different stages of education. Students learn to use and correlate different classification systems. Bachelor’s students study classifications to enable professional communication and describing soil diversity. Master’s students further learn the key principles of soil formation, historical and current trends in the development of soil science and the international terminology of soil science. Studying different aspects of the theory and practice of soil classification at different stages of education gives our students a solid base for systematising their knowledge and acquiring skills in scientific research.
7
Radmanovic, Svjetlana, Jelena Bogosavljevic, Mladen Dugonjic, and Aleksandar Djordjevic. "Classification of the soils of river island micro-depressions (Great War Island, Serbia)." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 70, no. 1 (2025): 61–75. https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2501061r.
Full textAbstract:
Great War Island (GWI) is a river island formed at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, heavily exposed to groundwater and flooding and is therefore suitable as a case study for the investigation of hydromorphic soils. The aim of this study was to classify the soils in two different micro-depression on Great War Island according to the local (Skoric 1985) and international (WRB 2022 and USDA Soil Taxonomy 1999) systems, with particular attention to the soil-forming factors that influenced the classification of the soils. The results obtained could help to improve the existing local classification system or to create a new system in the future. The soil of the closed (less flooded) micro-depression is Eugley, Hipogley, Mineral, Calcareous (Skoric 1985) or Calcaric Oxygleyic Gleysol (Loamic, Humic) (WRB 2022). The soil of the micro-depression open to the Danube (more flooded) is Humogley, Calcareous, Weakly alkalized, Loamy (Skoric 1985) or Calcaric Oxygleyic Mollic Tidalic Gleysol (Loamic, Fluvi- Loaminovic) (WRB 2022). The both soils are Typic Endoaquolls (USDA Soil Taxonomy 1999). The high level and amplitude of the groundwater and the duration of the flood caused by the topography, as well as the texture of the alluvial sediments, are the main soil-forming factors that have influenced the classification of the soils. The local soil classification mostly corresponds to the two international soil classifications with regard to the influence of pedogenetic factors/characteristics. To increase its accuracy, quantitative thresholds for soil type and lower levels are required.
8
Coman, Mirela. "ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE ROMANIAN SOIL TAXONOMY SYSTEM -IMPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACTIVITY (I)." Scientific Bulletin Series D : Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology and Environmental Engineering 31, no. 1 (2017): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/sbsd.2017.1.01.
Full textAbstract:
The International Soil Decad (2015-2024) challenges us to bring to light the valuable information that soil provides about the complexity of matter organization on our planet and its ability to reflect the state of the quality of our environment. As the fruit of intense international collaboration, FAO-UNESCO at the international level and ICPA (INCDPAPM) at national level, have developed and published over time classifications and soil maps of the Earth's globe and the Romanian soil. Currently, these fundamental elements for the circulation of scientific information in the field are constantly developed and included in the WRB of the SR data bases. In the current economic stage, the complex works of transformation of the surface layer of the earth also require protection rules. In this context, there is also the need to preserve characteristic of soils as a benchmark against which the soils profoundly modified by anthropogenic activities can be compared, as well as the need for detailed knowledge and classification in new classification systems for these new types and subtypes of anthropogenic soils.
9
Kabała, Cezary, Marcin Świtoniak, and Przemysław Charzyński. "Correlation between the Polish Soil Classification (2011) and international soil classification system World Reference Base for Soil Resources (2015)." Soil Science Annual 67, no. 2 (2016): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2016-0012.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe recent editions of the Polish Soil Classification (PSC) have supplied the correlation table with the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), which is the international soil classification most commonly used by Polish pedologists. However, the latest WRB edition (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015) has introduced significant changes and many of the former correlations became outdated. The current paper presents the closest equivalents of the soil orders, types and subtypes of the recent edition of the PSC (2011) and WRB (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015). The proposals can be used for general correlation of soil units on maps and in databases, and may support Polish soil scientists to establish the most appropriate equivalents for soils under study, as well as make PSC more available for an international society.
10
Smirnova, M. A., and N. I. Lozbenev. "Diagnostic criteria and classification of hydromorphic soils in forest-steppe zone of the Oka-Don Lowland." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 122 (March 26, 2025): 256–88. https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2025-122-256-288.
Full textAbstract:
The soil cover of the Oka-Don Lowland interfluves differs significantly in its component composition from the soil cover of the Central Russian Upland, despite being formed under similar climatic conditions. The soils of the Oka-Don Lowland are complex in terms of their genesis, which causes difficulties in diagnosing and classifying them. The paper presents the results of field testing of non-drained soils of the Oka-Don Lowland area, as well as their diagnostics according to the three most widely used soil classifications in Russia: system of USSR (1977), system of Russia (2004) and international WRB, a regional correlation of classifications is performed. It is shown that the soil cover is represented by contrasting combinations of soils with a thick humus horizon underlain by a non-carbonate / carbonate / very waterlogged horizon, solonetz, solonetzic, solodized, bog soils, and soils with a light eluvial horizon; as a rule, in the middle and lower parts of the profile; all soil profiles contain traces of waterlogging. The absence of clear diagnostic criteria based on soil properties, the absence of natural vegetation and data on the average long-term level of soil and groundwater makes soil diagnostics according to the USSR soil classification highly dependent on the qualifications of the soil scientist-researcher. The high degree of formalization of substantive classifications (soil classification of Russia and WRB) leads to the fact that genetically close soils can belong to different taxonomic groups at a high level (soil types in the classification of Russia, main qualifiers according to WRB). The assessment of pedodiversity can differ greatly depending on the classification system used.
11
Kabała, Cezary, and Beata Łabaz. "Relationships between soil pH and base saturation – conclusions for Polish and international soil classifications." Soil Science Annual 69, no. 4 (2018): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2018-0021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Taking into account the fact that (a) measurement of the cation exchange capacity and base saturation is practically unavailable in the field, that formally makes impossible the reliable field classification of many soils, (b) base saturation is measured or calculated by various methods those results significantly differ, (c) base saturation and soil pH are highly positively correlated, it is suggested to replace the base saturation with pHw (measured in distilled/deionized water suspension) in the classification criteria for diagnostic horizons and soil units/subunits, both in the Polish Soil Classification and FAO-WRB. Based on statistical analysis of 4500 soil samples, the following pHw values are recommended instead of 50% base saturation: pHw <5.5 for umbric and pHw ≥5.5 for the mollic horizon, and for Chernozems, Kastanozems, Phaeozems (directly) and Umbrisols (indirectly). Furthermore, the pHw <4.7 may feature the Dystric qualifier in mineral soils and respective Reference Soil Groups of WRB; while the pHw ≥4.7 may feature the Eutric qualifier. The distinction between subtypes of the brown soils in the Polish Soil Classification may base on the pHw 4.7 or 5.0, but using different requirements of pH distribution in the depth control section. The replacement of the base saturation with pH refers to the formal soil classification only, and does not exclude the use of base saturation for professional soil characteristics.
12
Tsyrybka, Viktar, and Hanna Ustsinava. "Soil classification in Belarus: history and current problems." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 14, no. 1 (2018): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bgeo-2018-0003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The article contains a brief history of the development of the soil classification scheme of the Republic of Belarus. It comprises the description of the most widely-used (acknowledged) genetic classification of soils, characteristics of basic taxonomic units (type, subtype, sort, kind, and variation), and characteristics of the 13 main types of Belarusian soils. The map of the soil cover of Belarus and the morphological and genetic characteristics of typical and unique soil varieties are presented. The main problems of the national soil classification and its correlation with the international WRB system are shown.
13
Świtoniak, Marcin, Cezary Kabała, Marek Podlasiński, and Bożena Smreczak. "Proposal of the correlation between cartographic units on the agricultural soil map and types and subtypes of Polish Soil Classification (6th edition, 2019)." Soil Science Annual 70, no. 2 (2019): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2019-0010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Agricultural soil maps (ASM), prepared since mid-1960s until 1980s and digitalised recently, are important source of information on the quality and spatial variability of arable soils in Poland. Basic standard information in each map contour includes the indication of a (genetic) soil type (often also the subtype or variety related to parent material or other specific properties), soil texture classes throughout the profile, and the category of soil agricultural suitability, which covers the complex information about the soil conditions, land morphology, climate and moisture regime. Unfortunately, the genetic classification on ASM is simplified compared to soil classifications in Poland and does not reflect numerous modernisations of the classification systems, including the modifications of existing units and newly introduced soil types and subtypes. Thus, the reinterpretation of ASM is necessary to simplify the further use of ASM by various users, to allow the creation of modern soil maps based on archival databases, and to correlate the soil data with other modern national and international classifications. This paper includes a proposal of equivalents for the soil units indicated in agricultural soil map (using all soil data available in a map contour), correlated with a recent, the 6th edition of Polish Soil Classification.
14
Gerasimova, M. I. "Principles, structure and taxonomic units in the russian and international (WRB) systems of soil classification." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 79 (July 1, 2015): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2015-79-23-35.
Full textAbstract:
Two classification systems under comparison differ in objects, terminology, hierarchical levels, and approaches to identify soils. However, they have some common features: both systems are oriented to soil properties and apply the pedogenetic concepts, on one hand; on the other hand, the results, namely, some of the soil taxonomic units are similar. The second-level units of WRB, representing the classification rather than the reference base, display a certain correlation with the subtype level in the Russian soil classification system. This level in two systems may be qualified as a really active, and it contains the most complete genetic characteristic of a soil; moreover, there is a similarity in criteria for qualifiers in WRB and genetic features (producing subtypes) in the Russian system. The difference between two classification systems is manifested in the number and essence of diagnostic horizons because they perform different functions. In the International system, they mainly serve for recognition of soils (in the key), while they directly identify genetic soil types in the Russian system.
15
Priyanka, Dewangan, and Dedhe Vaibhav. "Soil Classification Using Image Processing and Modified SVM Classifier." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 6 (2019): 504–7. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18489.
Full textAbstract:
Recently the use of soil classification has gained more and more importance and recent direction in research works indicates that image classification of images for soil information is the preferred choice. Various methods for image classification have been developed based on different theories or models. In this study, three of these methods Maximum Likelihood classification MLC , Sub pixel classification SP and Support Vector machine SVM are used to classify a soil image into seven soil classes and the results compared. MLC and SVM are hard classification methods but SP is a soft classification. Hardening of soft classifications for accuracy determination leads to loss of information and the accuracy may not necessary represent the strength of class membership. Therefore, in the comparison of the methods, the top 20 compositions per soil class of the SP were used instead. Results from the classification, indicated that output from SP was generally poor although it performs well with soils such as forest that are homogeneous in character. Of the two hard classifiers, SVM gave a better output than MLC. Priyanka Dewangan | Vaibhav Dedhe "Soil Classification Using Image Processing and Modified SVM Classifier" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18489.pdf
16
Sládková, J. "An analysis of the Rendzina issue in the valid Czech soil classification system." Soil and Water Research 4, No. 2 (2009): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/41/2008-swr.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the soil classification system valid in the Czech Republic. Using the soil type Rendzina from the former genetic-agronomic soil classification as an example, it analyses and revises the class definitions (soil types and subtypes), particularly their clarity, solidity, and mutual exclusivity based on the real state of diagnostic characteristics. The article advocates that the valid national soil classification system should be adequately detailed to satisfy practical needs and to preserve its convertibility into the international classification WRB system. At the same time, it should not be inconsistent with the methodology of the international project SOTER.
17
Gamzatova, H. M. "Classification of soils of Dagestan in the system of Russian and International soil classification." Herald of Dagestan State University 34, no. 4 (2019): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2542-0321-2019-34-4-126-132.
Full text
18
Hadj Miloud, Samir, Kaddour Djili, and Mohamed Benidir. "Fuzzy Logic Expert System for Classifying Solonchaks of Algeria." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2018 (July 8, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8741567.
Full textAbstract:
Under arid and semiarid regions of the North of Africa, the soils considered as Solonchaks contain both calcium carbonate and gypsum. When these elements are presented at high quantities, these Solonchaks are getting close to Calcisol or Gypsisol. The World Reference Base (WRB) for soil classification does not take into account the soil as a continuum. Instead, this international soil system classification is based on threshold values that define hierarchical diagnostic criteria. Consequently, the distinction between Solonchaks, Calcisol, and Gypsisol is still not clear. To avoid this situation, fuzzy logic based on the Mamdani inference system (MFIS) was used to determine to what extent soil classified as Solonchak in WRB can interfere with Calcisols and Gypsisols. For that purpose, membership values of Solonchaks (Is), Calcisols (Ic), and Gypsisols (Ig) indices were calculated from 194 soil profiles previously classified as Solonchak in WRB. Data analyses revealed that Solonchaks soils were subdivided into Solonchaks (61%), Calcisols (1%), Gypsisols (0.5%), Solonchaks-Calcisols intergrades (29%), Solonchaks-Gypsisols intergrades (5%), and Solonchaks-Calcisols-Gypsisols intergrades (2%). Moreover, Is, Ic, and Ig showed high significant correlations with almost all WRB diagnostic criteria (P<0.05). Under our study, soil classification obtained by employing MFIS was analogous to that provided by WRB; however, MFIS exhibited high precision concerning the membership value between soils and their intergrades. Therefore, the application of MFIS for other soil classifications in the world is possible and could lead to improvement in conventional soil classification.
19
Boman, Anton, Stefan Mattbäck, Marina Becher, et al. "Classification of acid sulfate soils and soil materials in Finland and Sweden: Re-introduction of para-acid sulfate soils." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland 95, no. 2 (2024): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17741/bgsf/95.2.004.
Full textAbstract:
Established international soil classification systems have not properly accommodated acid sulfate soils (ASS) and soil materials in Finland and Sweden because: (1) in these soils some diagnostic ASS properties are too deep to meet the depth requirements, and (2) there is a lack of defined diagnostic soil classification criteria for acidic and potentially acidic soil materials that do not completely fulfill the diagnostic pH-criterion of pH < 4.0. In this paper, two new ASS materials are introduced with the prefix “para” for parasulfuric material (oxidized material) and parahypersulfidic material (reduced material). These materials have diagnostic pH-criteria of pH 4.0–4.5 and 3.0–3.5 (field-pH for parasulfuric material and incubation-pH for parahypersulfidic material) for mineral and organic soil materials (here defined as > 20% organic matter; peat and gyttja), respectively. The term “para-acid sulfate soil (para-ASS) material” is introduced for soil materials which may have a considerable environmental impact due to mobilization of acidity and dissolved metals. Because organic acids may lower pH to values below the established pH-value of < 4.0 for ASS materials, a pH of < 3.0 is used in the Finnish-Swedish ASS classification for organic soil materials. These changes and new additions to existing diagnostic ASS materials have consequently also led to a slight modification of the required field-pH values of the existing terms “hypersulfidic material” and “sulfuric material”. The Finnish-Swedish ASS classification further includes a systematic way for classification of the entire soil profile and no depth requirements for diagnostic ASS materials are present; what matters is the current or potential environmental impact that the soil has or may have. It is proposed that the Finnish-Swedish ASS classification may serve as a framework for establishing a unified ASS classification globally and that the new diagnostic ASS materials are included in relevant international soil classification systems.
20
Aleksashkin, I., V. Dubas, E. Plaskal'naya, and Ya Yakovenko. "THE PROBLEMS OF USING RUSSIAN SOIL CLASSIFICATIONS FOR IDENTIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF SOILS IN CRIMEA." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry 11, no. 1 (2025): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-1725-2025-11-1-3-17.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we review the sources related to the 1977 USSR soil classification, as amended in 1997, and the new 2004 Russian soil classification, as amended in 2008. The new and old classifications are compared with each other, the advantages and disadvantages of each of them are determined. The classification of soils of the USSR is ecological and genetic, its important feature is its special attention to the influence of the water regime in the processes of soil formation and functioning of soils. Classification of soils of the USSR 1977 It is still popular among specialists in the field of soil science due to its convenience in application, in a large number of works on its application to the soils of individual regions. The 2004 classification of Russian soils is a substantial genetic one, which is the closest to the international classification of soils. An important difference between these two classification systems is that the USSR soil classification was compiled for agricultural soils (this explains the absence of permafrost soils in it), while the 2004 classification was also compiled for research purposes. The main criticism of the 1997 classification comes from the fact that its authors, in the opinion of many modern experts, attach unjustifiably great importance to hydrothermal factors in the formation of soil properties, which is not observed in the 2004 classification. The criticism of the new soil classification consists in its departure from the genetic aspect, that is, in comparison with the old classification, the theoretical basis of which is more based on the origin of the described soil and the processes of soil formation, the new one suggests the rejection of consideration of ecological parameters in determining the type of soil. The problem of using the new classification of Russian soils in the identification of Crimean soils, especially agrogenic soils, is posed. Since the new classification uses the theory of soil genesis as its main theoretical basis, it is therefore essentially genetic and does not pay due attention to environmental factors affecting soils. It is determined that this principle is not quite suitable for classifying natural soils, but not for agrogenic ones. The Crimean Peninsula is a territory located at the junction of climatic zones, which determines the specificity of climatic conditions. It is noted that the agro-modified soils have different degrees of transformation, which is not reflected in the 2004 classification. It was determined that the 2004 classification does not include sod-carbonate soils as a taxon, despite the fact that these soils are zonal for Crimea, while in the rest of the Russian Federation this type of soil is intrazonal. Meadow-chernozem and chernozem-meadow soils are not represented by separate taxa, but are defined in the 2004 classification of soils of Russia as a hydrometamorphosed subtype of chernozems. It is concluded that the information on the agro-modified soils of the Crimean Peninsula is currently extremely fragmented, incomplete and fragmentary, which does not allow us to determine with sufficient accuracy, theoretically, the degree of compliance of the properties of the agro-modified soils of the peninsula with the definitions proposed in the new classification of soils of Russia in 2004. It is concluded that the new 2004 soil classification for the Crimean Peninsula needs to be amended.
21
Pankova, E. I., M. I. Gerasimova, and T. V. Korolyuk. "Salt-Affected Soils in Russian, American, and International Soil Classification Systems." Eurasian Soil Science 51, no. 11 (2018): 1297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064229318110078.
Full text
22
Gerasimova, Maria, and Olga Bezuglova. "The Soil Classification course in Russian universities: an important ingredient of education." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 14, no. 1 (2018): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bgeo-2018-0007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The teaching of soil classification in the universities of Russia is being discussed as a comparatively new experience in the education of environmental science students. The lecture course (24–30 academic hours) changes in response to the inevitable changes in soil classification systems. In the introduction, the objectives and structure of soil classifications are outlined, and then a brief overview of the most well-known national systems is given, which is also important for understanding the difficulties, origin and problems of the International WRB system. The latter is the central point of the lecture course: its principles are explained, the main diagnostic features of Reference Soil Groups are communicated, and students are trained to use system basing on the descriptions of soil profiles and analytical data relating to them. As a result, students give WRB names to soils either by correlating with a name from the national system, which is familiar to them, or by looking at soil profile photos; in both cases morphological and analytical data are clarified by the teacher. Chernozem is used as an example for training. In the conclusion, the reasons to know soil classifications are specified, and they are differentiated for soil scientists, geochemists and geographers.
23
Sládková, J. "Conversion of some soil types, subtypes, and varieties between the Taxonomic Classification System of Soils of the Czech Republic and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources." Soil and Water Research 5, No. 4 (2010): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2009-swr.
Full textAbstract:
The article illustrates the compatibility of the Czech Republic Taxonomic Soil Classification System validated in the CR with the international World Reference Base for Soil Resources. It utilises the archive data on the soil types, subtypes, and varieties from the General survey of agricultural soils in the Czech Republic and soil profiles from new soil survey on the pilot area of Litoměřice district. It indicates the possibilities of the future refinement of both systems.
24
Anbazhagan, P., and M. Neaz Sheikh. "Seismic Site Classifications and Site Amplifications for the Urban Centres in the Shallow Overburden Deposits." International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 3, no. 1 (2012): 86–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgee.2012010105.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents seismic site classification practices for urban centres in Australia, China, and India with special emphasis on their suitability for shallow soil sites. The geotechnical aspects of seismic site classifications play a critical role in the development of site response spectra, which is the basis for the seismic design of new structures and seismic assessment of existing structures. Seismic site classifications have used weighted average shear wave velocity of top 30 m soil layers, following the recommendations of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) or International Building Code (IBC) site classification system. The site classification system is based on the studies carried out in the United States where soil layer may extend up to several hundred meters before reaching any distinct soil-bedrock interface. Most of the urban centers in Australia, China, and India are located on distinct bedrocks within few meter depth of soil deposits. For such shallow depth soil sites, NEHRP or IBC site classification system is not suitable. A new site classification based on average soil thickness, shear wave velocity up to engineering bedrock is proposed. The study shows that spectral value and amplification ratio estimated from site response study considering top 30 m soil layers are different from those determined considering soil thickness up to engineering bedrock.
25
Sultan, Huseynova Maharram, Ismayilov Ismayil Amin, Babayev Pirverdi Maharram, and Jafarov Musa Ali. "Taxonomic attribution of the haplic gleysols of the Azerbaijan Republic in world reference base for soil resources." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) 13, no. 1 (2024): 116–22. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v13.i1.pp116-122.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the research was to obtain new information about the genesis, status, diagnostic features, and properties of the meadow-boggy soils of the Azerbaijan Republic and to perform the taxonomic attribution of those soils in accordance with the international soil classification system in compliance with the world reference base (WRB) for soil resources. Field experiments, physical, and chemical analyses of soil samples were carried out by standard methods. The morphological properties of the meadow-boggy soils in the Greater Caucasus and Lankaran regions of Azerbaijan have been characterized. Carbonate sediments are almost always invisible in the upper layers (13.27-17.14% (No 426); 10.46-27.39% (No 5); 0.87-1.33% (No 55)). According to the humus content, they are not highly humic (1.44-1.85% (No 426); 0.90-1.58% (No 5); 3.10-3.29% (No 55) in the upper layers). The magnitude of the reaction of the soil solution varies from 8.0 to 8.5. For the first time, an attempt is made to determine the name of meadow-boggy soils in accordance with the international soil classification in compliance with the WRB 2015. The above soils are assigned to the gleysols reference soil group (RSG) with various principal and supplementary qualifiers.
26
Sokolov, Denis A., Vladimir A. Androkhanov, and Evgeny V. Abakumov. "Soil formation in technogenic landscapes: trends, results, and representation in the current classifications (Review)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, no. 56 (2021): 6–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/56/1.
Full textAbstract:
For hundreds of years, humans have been a soil formation factor. With the recent industrial development of vast territories, the formation of soils in technogenic and postanthropogenic conditions requires more attention. This study reviews the literature on the soils of human-transformed or human-made landscapes (technogenic landscapes), in which soil formation starts on a new technogenic substrate. Such soils may occur in different bioclimatic conditions. We focused on processes that govern soil morphology and the subsequent transformation of these soils. Often, the soils of technogenic landscapes are characterized by high bulk density values and by the presence of dense contact. Their properties are affected mainly by organic matter accumulation (humus, litter, and peat). The paper also covers approaches to the reclamation of technogenic landscapes, the main stages, and partly the reclamation options. It is noted that the efficiency of reclamation activities depends on the available resources and timely decision-making. We assessed the efficiency of soil reclamation methods and suggested technogenic landscape survey techniques. The major approaches to soil classification in technogenic landscapes in national and international soil classification systems are briefly discussed, and an approximate correlation of soil names used in different systems is suggested. All considered classifications provide the opportunity to assess the soil properties and specifics of soil formation in technogenic landscapes. However, in most studies, the soil diagnostics are limited to top-order taxa only. The paper contains 3 Figures, 2 Tables, and 140 References.
27
Mirzoeva, S. "Some Agrophysical and Physicochemical Properties of Irrigated Gray-Brown Soils of South Mugan." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 5 (May 15, 2023): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/90/31.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the results of research on the study of the current state of irrigated gray-brown soils of South Mugan. Morphogenetic diagnostics, physicochemical and agrophysical properties of irrigated gray-brown soils of South Mugan have been established. The classification is based on the international soil classification WRB.
28
Isbell, RF. "A brief history of national soil classification in Australia since the 1920s." Soil Research 30, no. 6 (1992): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920825.
Full textAbstract:
Modern soil science concepts and ideas relating to classification were introduced into Australia in the late 1920's by J. A. Prescott who, in 1931 and 1944, also produced the first maps of Australia showing the broad soil zones. This was followed up in the fifties by C. G. Stephens who formalised the Great Soil Group concept in his Manual of Australian Soils (1953) and in 1961 produced a map and publication titled The Soil Landscapes of Australia. Around this time however, other ideas were being put forward, notably by E. G. Hallsworth and colleagues, and especially by G. W. Leeper, whose original ideas on classification were to provide the foundation for the Factual Key of K. H. Northcote (1960a), which was used as the basis of the Atlas of Australian Soils project (1960-68). The Great Soil Group concept of Stephens was amplified in 1968 in A Handbook of Australian Soils (Stace et al. 1968) which was produced for the Adelaide International Society of Soil Science Congress. This review also considers the role of numerical methods and of Soil Taxonomy in Australia and concludes that while neither are likely to provide the most suitable scheme for Australia, the use of the latter to identify our soils must be encouraged so that the rest of the world is able to relate to our published soil research. Currently, the Factual Key and Handbook classifications are both used in Australia. Both are obsolescent as they date from the early sixties and the vast amount of soils knowledge accumulated since then, particularly in tropical Australia, has not been incorporated into either system. Their deficiencies have led over the past seven years to the development of a new Australian Classification System (a five-level hierarchial general purpose scheme with mutually exclusive classes identified by keys). This scheme is now being tested throughout Australia.
29
Thennakoon, T. M. S. P. K., and R. N. Gamachchige. "Traditional Knowledge used in Soil Taxonomy and Identifying Degradation: A Case Study in Knuckles Range, Sri Lanka." Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 05, no. 02 (2020): 106–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v05i02.07.
Full textAbstract:
Traditional Knowledge is an experiential knowledge built by people within a long duration and this knowledge has been decaying with time. Traditional soil taxonomies or classifications are most important in the process of identifying soil degradation. Therefore, this study was focused to ascertain the traditional knowledge used in identification of soil erosion and classification of soil in the Knuckles range of Sri Lanka. Seven Grama Niladhrari Divisions out of 56 laid in Knuckles range were selected as the study area. Out of 346 families living in the study area, 120 families were selected by employing simple random sampling method. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations and transect walks while international and local soil classification methods were applied for scientific validation. In this study four (04) traditional methods used to classify the soil was identified. Based on 6 different indigenous criteria, three (03) main soil types and 15 sub soil types were identified. Further, types of components existing in each indigenous soil type were identified using a soil index which comprises of 16 type of materials while nine (09) soil samples and nine (09) soil profiles were scientifically validated through international and local soil classification. The traditional soil taxonomy found in this research can be applied for identifying and minimizing the degradation of soil and securing the quality of the environment. Comparative studies between the scientific and traditional science like this would expose and disseminate more and more possibilities on future studies.
30
Huseynova, S. "The Place of the Alluvial-Meadow-Forest Soils of the Southern Slope of the Great Caucasus Within Azerbaijan in the International System WRB." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 4 (2021): 90–100. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768110.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study. The aim of the research was obtaining new information about the genesis, current status, diagnostic features and properties of the alluvial-meadow-forest soils of the southern slope of the Great Caucasus within Azerbaijan and to perform the taxonomic attribution of those soils in accordance with the International Classification of Soils in compliance with the Reference Base for soil resources (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2014). Location and time of the study. Alluvial-meadow-forest soils of the southern slope of the Great Caucasus within Azerbaijan were the objects of the study. Methodology. Field experiments (relief, vegetation, laying of soil profiles, their description, selection of soil samples and establishment of a preliminary classification name of the soils) and physico-chemical analyzes of soil samples (humus and total nitrogen content, ratio of C:N in soil organic matter, soil pH, cation exchange capacity, grain-size analysis, water extract composition) were carried out by standard methods. Results. It was established that the most characteristic features of alluvial-meadow-forest soils are as following: blocky angular, blocky subangular and granular structure of the upper horizon, medium loamy, heavy-loamy granulometric composition of the profile, mostly gray, dark gray or dark brown color overcomes. According to the humus content, they are highly humic, in the upper accumulative horizon (A1h) contains 5.91% of humus (soil profile No. 308). The drop in humus content is quite sharp, which is typical of soils of forest origin. In the alluvial-meadow-forest gleyic soil, the humus content in the upper horizons is 3.45–2.82%, and sharply decreases with depth — 1.14% and in the buried humus horizons it increases again to 1.25–1.36% (soil profile no. 505). The absorption capacity in alluvial-meadow-forest soils (soil profiles no. 308, no. 462 and no. 470) in the upper horizons is high: 38.60, 31.80 and 38.60 cmol (eq) / kg of soil, and in alluvial meadow-forest gleyic soils (soil profile No. 505) average — 20.31 cmol (eq) / kg of soil. Ca dominates in the exchange bases. The reaction of the soil environment is slightly acidic, neutral and varies in the range of 5.5–7.8. The soils are not saline. Conclusion. For the first time, an attempt is made to determine the name of alluvial-meadow-forest (alluvial-meadow-forest cultivated, alluvial-meadow-forest gleyic pebble, alluvial-meadow-forest pebble, alluvial-meadow-forest gleyic soils) in accordance with the International Classification of Soils in compliance with the Reference Base for soil resources (WRB) 2015. The above soils are assigned to the Fluvisols reference soil group with various principal and supplementary qualifiers.
31
Maharram, Sultan Huseynova, Amin Ismayilov Ismayil, Maharram Babayev Pirverdi, and Ali Jafarov Musa. "Taxonomic attribution of the haplic gleysols of the Azerbaijan Republic in world reference base for soil resources." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (2024): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v13.i1.pp116-122.
Full textAbstract:
<p><span>The aim of the research was to obtain new information about the genesis, status, diagnostic features, and properties of the meadow-boggy soils of the Azerbaijan Republic and to perform the taxonomic attribution of those soils in accordance with the international soil classification system in compliance with the world reference base (WRB) for soil resources. Field experiments, physical, and chemical analyses of soil samples were carried out by standard methods. The morphological properties of the meadow-boggy soils in the Greater Caucasus and Lankaran regions of Azerbaijan have been characterized. Carbonate sediments are almost always invisible in the upper layers (13.27-17.14% (No 426); 10.46-27.39% (No 5); 0.87-1.33% (No 55)). According to the humus content, they are not highly humic (1.44-1.85% (No 426); 0.90-1.58% (No 5); 3.10-3.29% (No 55) in the upper layers). The magnitude of the reaction of the soil solution varies from 8.0 to 8.5. For the first time, an attempt is made to determine the name of meadow-boggy soils in accordance with the international soil classification in compliance with the WRB 2015. The above soils are assigned to the gleysols reference soil group (RSG) with various principal and supplementary qualifiers.</span></p>
32
Yakovenko, Volodymyr, Olga Kunakh, Hanna Tutova, and Olexander Zhukov. "Diversity of soils in the Dnipro River valley (based on the example of the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve)." Folia Oecologica 50, no. 2 (2023): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The study established the classification position of the soils of the Dnipro River valley (within the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve) according to the international WRB classification. The pits were laid along three transects that passed through the most significant relief gradients within the study area. The study of the morphological structure of 20 soil profiles showed that the soil cover is closely related to the geo-morphological structure of the river valley. The morphological characteristics of typical profiles of these soils reflect their structure, properties and genesis and determine the classification position of the soils according to the WRB. Multidimensional scaling allowed us to perform soil ordination in the space of two dimensions. Dimension 1 differentiates soils by the gradient of relief height and/or moisture level. Dimension 2 differentiated hydromorphic soils. The properties of Quaternary sediments were found to determine the position of soils at both levels of classification (reference groups, main and additional classifiers). The distribution of each of the reference groups is clearly related to the geomorphology of the valley. Arenosols and Cambisols form the soil cover of the floodplain terrace, while Fluvisols and Gleysols are found mainly in the floodplain.
33
Radmanovic, Svjetlana, Maja Gajic-Kvascev, Vesna Mrvic, and Aleksandar Djordjevic. "Characteristics of Rendzina soils in Serbia and their WRB classification." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 65, no. 3 (2020): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2003251r.
Full textAbstract:
According to the Serbian official soil classification system, Rendzina is a soil type with an A-AC-C-R profile, developed on parent rock containing more than 20% of calcareous material (except soils with an A-R profile on hard pure limestone or dolomite). Previous investigations have shown that 29 Rendzina soil profiles from Serbia belong to the reference soil groups (RSGs) of Leptosols, Regosols and Phaeozems according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB 2015). The present study addresses the correlations among three WRB RSGs in terms of soil texture, mean weight diameter (MWD), total N content, and humus fractional composition using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The objective is to better understand the mutual relationship between the classification soil units used in Serbia and the international WRB system. The results show that PCA cannot unequivocally distinguish between these three RSGs. Leptosols and Regosols are highly incoherent groups while the group of Phaeozems is highly coherent, leading to the conclusion that the physical and chemical properties of the soil profiles of Phaoeozems are specific. It is obvious that soil depth and color, which are the overriding factors in the differentiation of Rendzina soils into three WRB RSGs, had no significant effect on these properties. The results further show that soil properties such as texture, MWD, humus fractional composition, etc. cannot be used to correlate Rendzina soils from Serbia with WRB. Instead, careful correlation of individual soil profiles is needed based on quantitative soil data analysis as required by WRB.
34
Sanborn, Paul, Luc Lamontagne, and William Hendershot. "Podzolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, no. 5 (2011): 843–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss10024.
Full textAbstract:
Sanborn, P., Lamontagne, L. and Hendershot, W. 2011. Podzolic soils of Canada : Genesis, distribution, and classification. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 843–880. Podzolic soils occupy 14.3% of the Canadian landmass, and occur in two widely separated areas, eastern Canada (northern Ontario, Quebec, Maritimes) and British Columbia, usually under coniferous forest and on non-calcareous parent materials. Broad climatic control of Podzol distribution and properties is evident at the national scale, with higher organic matter concentrations (Ferro-Humic Podzols) in wetter climates, in contrast to Humo-Ferric Podzols predominating in drier boreal forest regions. Humic Podzols are least abundant and are restricted to the wettest landscape positions. International and Canadian research suggests that a more diverse range of processes is involved in podzolization than was envisioned in the 1960s, and proposed mechanisms must account for observed patterns of organic matter distribution and a diverse array of inorganic amorphous constituents in profiles. Taxonomic concepts of Podzolic soils in the Canadian System of Soil Classification have remained consistent since the late 1970s, and the higher-level criteria defining the order and its great groups have proved to be meaningful in new applications, such as delineating soil carbon stocks across Canadian landscapes. Canadian contributions to pedological research on Podzols declined dramatically after 1990, coincident with shifting research priorities in soil science and diminished activity in soil survey.
35
Plotnikova, O. O., M. P. Lebedeva, P. R. Tsymbarovich, and V. A. Devyatykh. "Micromorphological Characterization of Soils of the Solonetzic Complex (Dzhanybek Plain)." Почвоведение, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0032180x22601128.
Full textAbstract:
A comparative analysis of physico-chemical and micromorphological properties in samples of 1968 sampling from virgin soils of the dry-steppe saline complex as the starting point of the 1968-2022 chronosequence was carried out. The study of climatic parameters for the period 1914–1968 showed that in the 54 years preceding the sampling, soils developed in relatively stable climatic conditions. Analysis of soil properties showed that on an almost flat area with a height difference of only 3.6 cm at a distance of 229 cm, soils differ significantly in depth and degree of salinity, degree of solonetzization, set of humus microforms and organic matter content, presence and size of clay coatings, degree of mobility of micromass. This confirms the patterns of moisture redistribution described in numerous studies in this area, even with very small elevation differences. Based on the set of available indicators, it can be concluded that soils of the microcatena are belong to different taxonomic units. The soil of the lower part of the microslope according to the USSR Soil Classification (1977) can be attributed to light chestnut soil, according to the international classification WRB (2015) it can be attributed to Haplic Kastanozem (Loamic). Soils with a high content of exchangeable sodium and the presence of clay coatings, located in the middle and upper parts of the microslope, according to both classifications belong to Solonetz.
36
Bilanchyn, Yaroslav M., Irуna V. Leonidova, and Darya V. Bulysheva. "Specificity of genetic nature and classification characteristics of Zmiiny Island chernozem soils." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 1 (2020): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112003.
Full textAbstract:
Even the first researchers of the nature of the small (20.5 hectares) rocky Zmiiny Island in the northwestern Black Sea region visually diagnosed the soil there with black earth. Since 2003, the staff of the Department of Soil Science and Soil Geography of the Odessa National University named by I.U.Mechnikov ONU began the study of factors and processes of soil formation, soils and soil cover of Zmiiny Island territory. It was found out that on the inter-rocky areas of the island un- der the steppe grassy vegetation on the gravelly-stony eluvium or eluvium-deluvium of dense rocks formed unusually high humus (up to 14-18%) undeveloped and short-profile chernozem soils. However, the diagnostic and classification of these soils remains unclear. The purpose is to characterize the specificity of the genetic nature of the island soils and to determine their diagnostic and classification affiliation, including the World Reference Base for Soil Resources WRB.The materials presented in this article are obtained as a result of our extensive fieldwork and laboratory analysis, research and mapping of soils and soil cover of Zmiiny Island with the application of methodological principles of the process-genetic paradigm.Chernozem soils on the island are formed on a low-strength (25-40, up to 50 cm) rocky-gravelly crust of weathering of dense acidic rocks under the cover of almost virgin steppe herbaceous vegetation and year-round salting from the sea, mainly chlorides and Na sulfates. The soils are short-profile, typical chernozem humus-accumulative type with typical for the chernozem profile genetic horizons, gravel-stony, non-carbonate, almost non-structural, acidic, varyingly saline and solonetinous, but without solonets-ileuvial profile differentiation. The humus content in the upper horizons is very high (10-12, up to 15-18%), it is typical of the chernozem composition of the Chumic acid : Сfulvic acid (2,5-3,3), but with a sharp dominance of the HA-1 fraction (70% and more) and very low content (1-2, up to 3-4%) or lack of typical chernozem HA-2fraction. It is established that there is a tendency to an irreversible constant increase of the chernozem properties and characteristics in soils as the bioproductivity of herbal vegetation increases.For the first time their diagnostic and classification dependence on the system of both domestic and World WRB soil classifications has been determined. The WRB system proposes to refer these soils to the Phaeozem abstract group, with clarification of the classifiers Leptic and Skeletic. The work is practically significant in terms of the integration the Ukrainian soil science in the system of the current international standard of soil classification WRB.
37
Ayer, Joaquim Ernesto Bernardes, Luca Lämmle, Archimedes Perez Filho, et al. "Pedogênese e taxonomia: retrospectiva histórica e cenários futuros." Geography Department University of Sao Paulo 44 (August 27, 2024): e212373. https://doi.org/10.11606/eissn.2236-2878.rdg.2024.212373.
Full textAbstract:
Soils can be categorized, ranked, and classified by common physical, chemical, biological, and morphological characteristics. Classification systems have evolved from grouping based on comparative diagnostic criteria to less rigid taxonomy techniques, which allow the introduction of free-form qualifiers. In general, soil taxonomy systems have evolved as methods and equipment for analyzing and collecting environmental data have improved. Such advances provided more dynamic classifications, with increasingly specific and accurate groupings, making them indispensable tools for the management of natural resources in an effective and sustainable way. Thus, in this review, the main theories of taxonomy and the fundamental processes operating in soils at the most important pedogenetic zones in the world were highlighted. Additionally, the architectures of the main soil classification systems were compared, aiming to establish relationships, differences, and correspondences. Their applications for improving sustainable practices in the use and management of pedological resources were also assessed. Thus, it was pointed out that classification systems are tools that must be applied using international standards, to raise, monitor and promote sustainable changes in land use and management, as environmental impacts are increasingly global and heterogeneous, and demand coordinated and collective efforts among different countries.
38
Yli-Halla, Markku. "Classification of acid sulphate soils of Finland according to Soil Taxonomy and the FAO/Unesco legend." Agricultural and Food Science 6, no. 3 (1997): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72788.
Full textAbstract:
In order to place acid sulphate soils (a.s. soils) of Finland in an international context, five pedons from cultivated a.s. soils from Liminka, Ylistaro and Laitila on the western coast of Finland were analyzed and classified according to Soil Taxonomy and the revised legend of the FAO/Unesco Soil Map of the World. Three of the pedons (Liminka 1 and 2, Laitila 1) had sulfuric horizons within 50 cm of soil surface and qualify as Typic Sulfaquepts. One pedon (Ylistaro) had a sulfuric horizon at the depth of 100-150 cm and was classified as a Sulfic Cryaquept. The fifth pedon (Laitila 2) did not have either a sulfuric horizon or sulfidic materials, but it had a pH
39
Teng, H. F., R. A. Viscarra Rossel, and R. Webster. "A multivariate method for matching soil classification systems, with an Australian example." Soil Research 58, no. 6 (2020): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr19320.
Full textAbstract:
Differences between local systems of soil classification hinder the communication between pedologists from different countries. The FAO–UNESCO Soil Map of the World, as a fruit of world-wide collaboration between innumerable soil scientists, is recognised internationally. Ideally, pedologists should be able to match whole classes in their local systems to those in an international soil classification system. The Australian Soil Classification (ASC) system, created specifically for Australian soil, is widely used in Australia, and Australian pedologists wish to translate the orders they recognise into the FAO soil units when writing for readers elsewhere. We explored the feasibility of matching soil orders in the ASC to units in the FAO legend using a multivariate analysis. Twenty soil properties, variates, of 4927 profiles were estimated from their visible–near infrared reflectance (vis–NIR) spectra. We arranged the profiles in a Euclidean 20-dimensional orthogonal vector space defined by standardised variates. Class centroids were computed in that space, and the Euclidean distances between the centroids of the ASC orders and units in the FAO scheme were also computed. The shortest distance between a centroid of any ASC order and one of units in the FAO classification was treated as a best match. With only one exception the best matches were those that an experienced pedologist might expect. Second and third nearest neighbours in the vector space provided additional insight. We conclude that vis–NIR spectra represent sufficiently well the essential characters of the soil and so spectra could form the basis for the development of a universal soil classification system. In our case, we could assign with confidence the orders of the ASC to the units of the FAO scheme. A similar approach could be applied to link other national classification systems to one or other international systems of soil classification.
40
Hempel, Jonathan, Erika Micheli, Phillip Owens, and Alex McBratney. "Universal Soil Classification System Report from the International Union of Soil Sciences Working Group." Soil Horizons 54, no. 2 (2013): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sh12-12-0035.
Full text
41
Shangguan, Wei, YongJiu Dai, Carlos García-Gutiérrez, and Hua Yuan. "Particle-Size Distribution Models for the Conversion of Chinese Data to FAO/USDA System." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/109310.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated eleven particle-size distribution (PSD) models to determine the appropriate models for describing the PSDs of 16349 Chinese soil samples. These data are based on three soil texture classification schemes, including one ISSS (International Society of Soil Science) scheme with four data points and two Katschinski’s schemes with five and six data points, respectively. The adjusted coefficient of determinationr2, Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), and geometric mean error ratio (GMER) were used to evaluate the model performance. The soil data were converted to the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) standard using PSD models and the fractal concept. The performance of PSD models was affected by soil texture and classification of fraction schemes. The performance of PSD models also varied with clay content of soils. The Anderson, Fredlund, modified logistic growth, Skaggs, and Weilbull models were the best.
42
Gerasimova, M. I. "“GENUINE PODZOLIC SOILS” IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOMI AND THEIR POSITION IN THE RECENT SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 75 (April 1, 2014): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2014-75-24-35.
Full textAbstract:
Under consideration are typical profiles of podzolic loamy soils described in many publications on the soils of Komi Republic with respect to their diagnostics in national and international classifica-tion systems. It is argued that the podzolic soils should be preferably recognized at the type level with numerous subtypes to reflect the variations in the profile drainage conditions. In terms of the international soil classifications (FAO/WRB) the podzolic soils may be correlated with the former Podzoluvisols and recent Retisols better than with the Albeluvisols of the intermediate versions.
43
Kabała, Cezary. "Chernozem (czarnoziem) – soil of the year 2019 in Poland. Origin, classification and use of chernozems in Poland." Soil Science Annual 70, no. 3 (2019): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2019-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Soil Science Society of Poland has elected chernozem to be the Soil of the Year 2019. Although chernozems cover less than 2% of Poland, they have high importance for agriculture due to their productivity and play a specific scientific role for understanding of soil development and functioning in an environment. Chernozems are also crucial for the reconstruction of Neolithic agriculture development and human impacts on soil and landscape. This introductory paper presents (a) a specific definition of chernozem in Poland, connected with a separate distinction of black earths and colluvial chernozemic soils; (b) a review of the present and former classification schemes for chernozems in Poland and their correlation with international soil classification systems (WRB and Soil Taxonomy); (c) the spatial distribution of chernozems in Poland, their agricultural evaluation and threats for chernozems’ quality and future existence related to intense land use.
44
Omanović, Alina. "EDUCATION ON WORLD REFERENCE BASE FOR SOIL RESOURCES (WRB) - EXAMPLE OF GOOD PRACTICE." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 21, no. 1 (2016): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2016.v1.i1.308.
Full textAbstract:
UDK 631.44:37
 The World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) research work started back in 1980. under the program named International Reference Base for Soil Classification (IRB). World Reference Base for Soil Resources was established in 1998., and its design provide easier communication between scientists to whom soil systematic is primary area of research. International Field Course of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, held in Gödöllő, Hungary, from 01st to 05th of September, 2015.was organized to celebrate the International Soil Year. Soil Judging Contest of WRB was organized during the course. Students from Bosnia and Herzegovina, primarily students of Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo and Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka attended the course. The above mentioned course and the contest were unique opportunity for students, young scientists and experts as well as those who have been already involved or interested in identification and characterization of the basic soil types all around the world to share information and experience. The unique field study program provided an opportunity to participants to gain new knowledge on Anthrosols, Calcisols, Chernozems, Kastanozems, Phaeozems, Gleysols, Luvisols, Solonetz and Vertisols in accordance to the World Reference Base for Soil Resource. Importance of the continuation of good practices and implementation of this type of field learning about WRB classification is crucial not only at the global level, but also at the regional one. This paper aims to stress the importance of education about WRB classification in order to improve and adapt the national classification system, importance of applied soil science in society in general and to increase the communication with other related disciplines globally.
45
Tingle, Jeb S., Shelley L. Tingle, and Danny W. Harrelson. "Translating the Language of Soils: Developing a Soil Classification System for International Engineering Projects." GEOSTRATA Magazine 20, no. 1 (2016): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/geosek.0000309.
Full text
46
Nechaeva, T. V., N. A. Sokolova, and N. D. Kiseleva. "International conference «Soil as interlink for functioning of natural and anthropogenically transformed ecosystems» devoted to the 90th anniversary of the department of pedology and land resources estimation, Irkutsk State University and year of Baikal." Почвы и окружающая среда 4, no. 3 (2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31251/pos.v4i3.155.
Full textAbstract:
From August 23 to August 29, 2021, Irkutsk hosted the Vth International Scientific and Practical Conference "Soil as interlink for functioning of natural and anthropogenically transformed ecosystems" (hereinafter – the conference) dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Department of Soil Science and Land Resources Assessment of the Irkutsk State University (ISU) and the Year of Baikal. The total number of participants of the conference was 130 from 27 regions of Russia and 6 other countries (the Republic of Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Lebanon and Lithuania). The article presents a brief review of plenary and sectional reports on the following research topics: 1) theoretical soil science: genesis, evolution, classification problems; 2). multidisciplinary approaches of soil science related to the use of soil science methods in other research areas and scientific and industrial areas; 3) Soil resources and land assessment (fertility, degradation, land reclamation, qualitative and economic assessment, ecology and land protection). A total of 43 presentations were given at the conference: 8 plenary and 35 sectional. The interested reader will find a detailed description of the reports presented in this review, as well as other and other conference materials in the collection "Soil as interlink for functioning of natural and anthropogenically transformed ecosystems" (2021).
 A brief description of two excursions is given: (1) one excursion to the beautiful scenery at the shore of the Lake Baikal, held on August 23, 2021; (2) and another excursion at the Bratsk Reservoir on August 26-29, 2021. The purpose of the excursions wass to get acquainted with the nature and historical and cultural heritage of the Irkutsk region, Lake Baikal, as well as with soils, soil-forming rocks and natural features of the Southern Angara region. During the excursion tour, landscapes, rock outcrops and soil sections were presented: soils on a bumpy-depression relief; Paleolithic site of ancient man "Malta" with sections near the geoarchaeological objects "Malta-Bridge 3"; alluvial gray-humus soil in the floodplain of the Belaya River; exposure of Lower Cambrian rocks near the village Novomaltinsk; Cheremkhovsky coal mine; dispersed-carbonate gypseous chernozem near the Unga River; Novonukutsky gypsum mine; gray metamorphic soil and micellar-segregational chernozem on the bank of the Bratsk reservoir near the village Balagansk. At the end of the tour, the conference participants held a roundtable discussion about the problems of genesis and classification of the soils of the south of the Near-Angara region. The classification position of all the presented soils was justified within the framework of two classification systems: Classification of soils of Russia (2004) and Classification and diagnostics of soils of the USSR (1977). For scientific and informational support of the excursion, the guide "Southern Pre-Angara region: features of soil formation on rocks of different ages" (2021) was prepared and published.
 The conference aroused great interest among a wide range of specialists in the field of soil science, agrochemistry and ecology, land resource assessment, landscape studies, etc. The organization of such events promotes exchange of experience and strengthens the cooperation between researchers from leading universities and research centers, advancing the effective development of soil science, research methodology and practice, generalizing the information about soil as a link between the functioning of natural and anthropogenically transformed ecosystems.
47
Bezuglova, O. S., V. E. Boldyreva, I. V. Morozov, S. S. Tagiverdiev, and S. N. Gorbov. "Interpretation of the Results of Particle Size Analysis of Soils by Various Schools of Soil Science." UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, no. 2 (214) (June 30, 2022): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2022-2-36-46.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses a few of today&#x27;s applicable soil classifications in terms of their texture: the one by A. Kachinsky (Russians) and other two – by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). The article also presents several discrepancies in the nature of the source of research (primary soil particles), the width of the borders of the key textural classes, and also in the need to take into account possible ways of their formation when classifying. Bearing it in mind, we have studied 57 separate soil samples of the Calcic Chernozem of the Rostov Region. The comparative study of the results of the particle-size distribution analysis was performed based on the results obtained with the help of the laser diffraction method, since it is not directly related to any of the above classifications, thus being free from whatever lasting stereotypes. The choice of options for the conditions of soil formation as presented in the Russian classification seems a key decisive parameter while interpreting experimental results. In the example under consideration, this classification allows for defining the variety of a textural class as clay (from light to heavy) depending on what type of soil formation the sample may be related to. Due to some discrepancies in determining the boundaries of the textural classes, we have observed redistribution of primary soil particles whereas their factual amount remains unchanged. All these differences are vital nowadays in view of globalization and boost in the number and importance of international research.
48
Sládková, J. "Creating GIS on the pilot area of the Litoměřice district. From soil survey to international information systems." Soil and Water Research 5, No. 1 (2010): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1030-swr.
Full textAbstract:
The procedure of processing and utilising the soil information entering the SOTER system is tested on the pilot area of the Litoměřice district. The reliability of the archive data is examined, the archive data being updated by a new soil survey, modern (geo)statistical methods, and pedotransfer rules. Using the SOTER methodology, a soil map of the district with the scale of 1:50 000 has been developed. Proposals for the adjustments to the currently valid soil classification system are processed.
49
Gerasimova, M. I. "Chinese soil taxonomy: Between the American and the international classification systems." Eurasian Soil Science 43, no. 8 (2010): 945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064229310080120.
Full text
50
Minasny, Budiman, and Alex B. McBratney. "The Australian soil texture boomerang: a comparison of the Australian and USDA/FAO soil particle-size classification systems." Soil Research 39, no. 6 (2001): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00065.
Full textAbstract:
The different classification of particle-size fractions used in Australia compared with other countries presents a problem for the immediate adoption of the exotic pedotransfer functions. Australia adopted the international system which defined silt as particles with diameters in the range 2–20 m, while the USDA/FAO define it as 2–50 m. We present empirical equations to convert between the two systems. The USDA/FAO textural classes were also plotted in the International system’s coordinate. The USDA/FAO classes in the International system had a ‘boomerang’ shape and only occupy 60% of the triangle. Particle-size data showed that the data are evenly distributed in the USDA/FAO triangle, while most data are concentrated in the boomerang in the International system. We therefore suggest that it would seem wise for most countries to consider adopting the particle-size limits and texture classes of the USDA/FAO system.